ukuthola okubhaliweyo kwasenkantolo · university of the witwatersrand, ukuthola okubhaliweyo...
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JOHANNESBURG
UNIVERSITY OF THEWITWATERSRAND,
Ukuthola okubhaliweyo kwasenkantoloIngxenye yesiqephu sokwazisa ngamalungelo akho esuka kwi-Wits Justice Project
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Lencwadi yenziwe ngosizo lwezimali olusuka kwi European Union. Okuqukethwe
kulencwadi ngumthwalo we Wits Justice Project (WJP) futhi akuvezi uvo lwe European
Union, noma ngaphansi kweziphi izimo.
Ngo 2015, iWJP yamukele iminikelo ebuya kwi Raith Foundation, Open Society
Foundation for South Africa, Canon Collins Educational ne Legal Assistance Trust, Joffe
Trust Foundation, Claude Leon Foundation, kanye ne European Union.
Isaziso:
IWits Justice Project akusiyo inkampani yabammeli. Siyiqembu lezintatheli nabacwaningi.
Sinikezela ngolwazi ngezomthetho, asimeli abantu emacaleni. Xhumana banammeli uma
udinga izeluleko zomthetho.
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1
Kuyini okubhaliweyo kwasenkantolo?Uma ummangalelwa eye enkantolo, okungaba wukufaka isicelo sebheyili noma ukuqulwa kwecala, okwenzekayo enkantolo kungaqoshwa. Okubhaliweyo kwasenkantolo kuyindaba ebhaliweyo yokuqoshiwe ngokwenzeka enkantolo. Le mibhalo kuhloswe ngayo ukuqopha izwi nezwi lalokho okwenzekile, okungaba izicelo zebheyili, izethulo zofakazi, ukukhuluma kwabameli nemibuzo yabo, nezinqumo zenkantolo.
Okubhaliweyo kwasenkantolo kuhlinzeka amarekhodi okwenzekile noma
ukuqulwa kwecala. Kubalulekile ngoba kuqinisekisa ukuthi ummangalelwa ofuna
ukuphonsela inselelo umphumela wokuqulwa kwecala lakhe enkantolo
(njengokwedlulisa icala), uyakwazi ukusebenzisa le mibhalo yokuqulwa kokuqala
kwecala lakhe ukubonisa ukuthi kunezizathu ezanele zokuphonsela inselelo
isinqumo senkantolo.
Zimbili izindlela ummangalelwa angathola ngazo okubhaliweyo kokuqulwa
kwecala lakhe. Okokuqala wukufaka isicelo sokwedlulisa icala lakhe noma
sokubuyekezwa kwalo. Okwesibili, ukuthumela isaziso sokucela ikhophi yale
mibhalo enkantolo.
Inqubo yokuthola okubhaliweyo kwasenkantolo iyefana eNkantolo yeMantshi
naseNkantolo yamaJaji. Kula makhasi ambalwa alandelayo kwethuwa izeluleko
zendlela ummangalelwa angathola ngayo okubhaliweyo kulezi zinkantolo
ezimbili.
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Amandla okulalela amacala obugebengu ezinkantoloIningi lamacala obugebengu aqala eziNkantolo zeziMantshi, ngaphandle uma
kuyicala elinzima. IziNkantolo zeziMantshi zehlukanisiwe. Kuba khona
ezesifunda nezezifundazwe. Umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinkantolo kuba
wuhlobo lwamacala nokugwetshwa okuvumelekile ngecala elenziwe. Lokhu
kubizwa ngokuthi amandla enkantolo. Ngokomthetho amandla enkantolo asho
indawo ethile inkantolo enamandla asemthethweni kuyo nohlobo lwamacala
engawalalela nezigwebo enokuzikhipha ngawo.
IziNkantolo zeziMantshi zesifunda yizinkantolo ezisezingeni eliphansi kunazo
zonke izinkantolo zezimantshi; azikwazi ukulalela amacala uma ummangalelwa
ebekwe icala lokuvukela umbuso, elokubulala, elokudlwengula, noma 1elokudlwengula okuphoqiwe. IziNkantolo zeziMantshi zesifunda zikhipha
kuphela izigwebo ezingevile eminyakeni emithathu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi
iziNkantolo zeziMantshi zesifunda, ngokwejwayelekile, zilalela kuphela amacala
angenzima noma amacala amancane obugebengu.
IziNkantolo zeziMantshi
zesifundazwe zingalalela
noma ngabe yiliphi icala
lapho ummangale lwa
e b e k w e k h o n a i c a l a
l o k u v u k e l a u m b u s o .
INkan to lo yeMantsh i
yesifundazwe ingakhipha
izigwebo ezingaphezu
kweminyaka emithathu,
ezingevile eminyakeni eyi-215. INkantolo yesifunda
neyesifundazwe zinqunyelwe indawo ethile ezinamagunya asemthethweni kuyo.
Lokhu kusho ukuthi iNkantolo yeMantshi yaseRandburg ingalalela kuphela
amacala akuleyo ndawo.
IziNkantolo zamaJaji ziyakwazi ukulalela amacala obugebengu. Zingaphansi
kwesigaba esibizwa ngokuthi izinkantolo ezinkului, okukhona kuzo iziNkantolo
zamaJaji, iNkantolo Ephakeme yokwedlulisa izinqumo neNkantolo
yoMthethosisekelo yakuleli. IziNkantolo zamaJaji ziyakwazi ukulalela icala
okokuqala, kanti iNkantolo Ephakeme yokwedlulisa izinqumo yona ilalela kuphela
amacala aselalelwe kuqala yiNkantolo yamaJaji, kwedluliswa kuyo izinqumo
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zayo. INkantolo yamaJaji yinkantolo okuqalwa kuyo, kodwa iyasebenza futhi
njengenkantolo yokwedlulisa amacala enkantolo yeMantshi esebenza ngaphansi
kwayo. INkantolo yoMthethosisekelo ingamandla asemthethweni ngazo zonke
izindawo eziphathelene nomthethosisekelo, ayivamile ukulalela icala
elingafikanga kuyo kwedluliswa isinqumo salo.
lziNkantolo zamaJaji imvama zinamandla ezomthetho endaweni enkulu
kuneNkantolo yeziMantshi, kanti ziyakwazi ukukhipha izigwebo ezinkulu
kuneNkantolo yeziMantshi. UMthetho Wenqubo Elawula Ubugebengu {Wama-
51 We-1977) uthi iNkantolo yamaJaji ingamnqumela ummangalelwa isigwebo
sokuvalelwa ejele, esokuvalelwa izikhathi ezithile, esenhlawulo, esokubhekelwa
ukuhlumelela kwesimilo, esokuvalelwa ejele lapho ummangelelwa engabekwa
khona abhekelwe ukuhlumelela kwesimilo, esokunikezwa isikhungo esisungulwe
n g o k o m t h e t h o , n o m a
e s o k u m e n y e z e l w a
njengeselelesi esejwayele 3ukwenza ubugebengu.
I N k a n t o l o y a m a J a j i
a y i n q u n y e l w e u b u d e
besigwebo engasikhipha,
ngaphandle uma kunomthetho
o p h a t h e l e n e n e s i g w e b o
esigunyaziwe esihambisana
n o b u g e b e n g u o b u t h i l e .
INingizimu Afrika inemithetho
ethile ephathelene nezigwebo
ezincane zezigaba ezithile
z o b u g e b e n g u , o k u m e l e
izinkantolo zenze njengokusho kwayo, ngaphandle uma kukhona izimo 4ezikhethekile.
1 Isigaba sama-89 soMthetho wama-32 WeNkantolo yeMantshi wonyaka we-1944. Ukudlwengula okuphoqiwe kusho
ukuthi “umuntu ('A') ophoqa ngokungemthetho nangenhloso umuntu wesithathu ('C'), ngaphandle kwemvume ka-C,
ukungena ngesitho sakhe sangasese kummangali (u-B), ngaphandle kwenvume ka-B, unecala lokudlwengula
okuphoqiwe.” Bheka iSigaba sesi-4 soMthetho Olawula Ubugebengu (Amacala ezocansi nokuphathelene nawo)
uMthetho ochitshiyelwe wama-32 wonyaka wezi-2007.
2 ISigaba sama-92 soMthetho wama-32 WeNkantolo weMantshi wonyaka we-1994 ubeka imikhawulo ngohlobo
lwezigwebo ezingakhishwa yiNkantolo yeMantshi.
3 ISigaba sama-276(1) soMthetho Wenqubo Elawula Ubugebengu.
4 Bheka iSigaba sama-51 neShejuli yesi-2 yoMthetho Wenqubo Elawula Ubugebengu ngemigomo okungenani
okumele ilandelwe uma kukhishwa izigwebo.
INkantolo YoMthethosisekelo
Yakuleli
Iyinkantolo ephakeme kunazozonke ezweni. Ilalela ukwedluliswakwezinqumo ezivela eNkantoloEphakeme yokwedlulisa izinqumo,noma iqinisekise izinqumozezomthethosisekelo ezithathweeNkantolo yamaJaji.
INkantolo Ephakeme
yokwedllulisaizinqumo
INkantolo yeMantshi
yesifundazwe
INkantolo yamaJaji
INkantolo yeMantshiyesifunda
Zedluliswa e-
Zedluliswa e-
Zombilizedlulisa
izinqumo e-
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Okubhaliweyo eNkantolo yeMantshiNgokwemithetho yenkantolo yeMantshi kunezindlela ezimbili ummangalelwa
angakwazi ngazo ukuthola okubhaliweyo ekuqulweni kwecala lakhe. Eyokuqala
wukufaka isicelo sokwedlulisa icala lakhe eNkantolo yamaJaji. Eyesibili
wukuthumela isaziso sokucela kumabhalane weNkantolo yeMantshi, acele
ikhophi yemibhalo.
Indlela Yokuqala: Ukufaka isicelo sokwedlulisa isinqumo noma
sokubuyekezwa kwesinqumo
Uma ummangalelwa efaka isicelo sokwedlulisa isinqumo ngaphansi kwesigaba
sama-309(1)(a) soMthetho Wenqubo Elawula Ubugebengu, noma
sokubuyekezwa kwaso ngokwesigaba sama-302 soMthetho Wenqubo Elawula
Ubugebengu, umabhalane weNkantolo yeMantshi kumele ahlanganise
amarekhodi ecala, awethule esikhulwini samajaji esizolalela ukwedluliswa
kwesinqumo noma ukubuyekezwa kwaso eNkantolo yamaJaji.
Amarekhodi azofaka amanoth i
abha lwe ngend le la yokubha la
esheshayo abhalwe ngesikhathi
kuqulwa icala okokuqala, kanye
nokubhaliweyo kwanoma ngabe yini
eyaqoshwa ngesikhathi kuqulwa icala
okokuqala. Lena yinqubo edingekayo
n g o k o m t h e t h o w a m a - 6 6 ( 1 )
wemithetho yeNkantolo yeziMantshi
n o M t h e t h o We n q u b o E l a w u l a
Ubugebengu.
Imvama ummeli wommangalelwa ufaka isicelo sokwedlulisa isinqumo noma
sokubuyekezwa kwaso ngomlomo ekupheleni kokuqulwa kokuqala kwecala
lommangalelwa, nakuba kungenzeka ukuba afake isicelo sokwedlulisa isinqumo
noma sokubuyekezwa kwaso ngokusibhala emva kokuvalwa kokuqulwa
kwecala. Uma sesifakiwe isicelo sokwedlulisa isinqumo noma sokubuyekezwa
kwaso, umabhalane weNkantolo yeMantshi uzocinga okuqoshiwe kokuqulwa
kwecala akuthumele kwabazokubhala phansi. Uma sekubhaliwe phansi
okuqoshiweyo, imibhalo yakho iphindiselwa kumabhalane, ibe yingxenye
yamarekhodi okuqulwa kwecala. Umabhalane weNkantolo yeMantshi uzokwazi
kuphela ukuthola okuqoshiwe kokuqulwa kwecala uma ummangalelwa (noma
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ummeli wakhe) enika umabhalane inombolo yokuqulwa kwecala.
Ukuthola okubhaliweyo kokwedluliswa kwesinqumo noma kokubuyekezwa
kwaso, ummangalelwa angafaka isicelo kumabhalane weNkantolo yeMantshi
acele ikhophi yokubhaliweyo ngokomthetho wama-66(4) wemithetho yeNkantolo
yeziMantshi. Emacaleni amaningi, ummangalelwa uzokwazi ukucela ummeli
wakhe ukuba aye eNkantolo yeMantshi, amcelele ikhophi yokubhaliweyo. Uma
isicelo sifakwa kwedluliswa isinqumo noma ngokubuyekezwa kwaso, uMbuso
uzokhokhela izindleko zekhophi yokubhaliweyo.
Uma ummangalelwa engenaye ummeli ozomyela eNkantolo, kungabhalelwa
umabhalane wokwedluliswa kwezinqumo kucelwe ikhophi yokubhaliweyo. Kulesi
simo kungacelwa inkokhelo yokwenza amakhophi okubhaliweyo ngaphambi
kokunikezwa woma ngumabhalane weNkantolo yeMantshi.
Uma ummangalelwa ehluleka ukukhokhela izindleko zokubhaliweyo, angafaka
isicelo eNkantolo, acele ukuba okubhaliweyo kukhishwe ngesaphulelo.
Ummangalelwa kumele abonise iNkantolo ukuthi kunezizathu ezifanele zokucela
okubhaliweyo, abonise ukuthi akakwazi ukukukhokhela ngenxa yesimo sakhe
semali. Lesi sicelo kumele sifakwe ngokomthetho wama-66(9) wemithetho
yeNkantolo yeMantshi.
Uma sesifakiwe isicelo, umabhalane uzothumela isaziso eBhodini losizo
lwezomthetho ukuthola ukuthi ummangalelwa uyayifeza yini imigomo yokuthola
okubhaliweyo kwasennkantolo okuxhaswe ngezimali wuMbuso, nokuthola ukuthi
leli Bhodi lingasiza yini kulelo cala. Uma isiyamukelwe impendulo evela kuleli
Bhodi, umabhalane angalungisa okubhaliweyo kwasenkantolo, akuthumele
ekhelini lejele okugcinwe kulo umenzi wecala.
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Rule 66(1
)
of the
Magistrat
e’s
Court Rul
es
Rule 66(4)
of the
Magistrate
’s
Court Rul
es
Isin
yath
elo
so
ku
-1Is
inyath
elo
sesi-
2Is
inyath
elo
sesi-
2Is
inyath
elo
sesi-
2Is
inyath
elo
sesi-
2Is
inyath
elo
sesi-
2
Ummangalelwa ufaka isicelo sokwedlulisa isinqumo ngaphansi
kwesigaba sama-309(1)(a) se-CPA NOMA sokubuyekezwa kwaso
ngokwesigaba sama-302 se-CPA
Umabhalane wenkantolo uhlanganisa amarekhodi ecala, awathumele esikhu-lwini samajaji eNkantolo yamaJaji elalela ukwedluliswa
kwesinqumo/kokubuyekezwa kwaso
Ummangalelwa angacela ikhophi yokubhaliweyo kwecala
kumabhalane wenkantolo
Umabhalane ucinga okuqoshiwe kokuqulwa kwecala, akuthumelele
abakubhala phansi.
Uma sekubhaliwe ukuqulwa kwecala, okubhaliweyo
kubuyiselwa enkantolo, kube yingxenye yamarekhodi
Ummangalelwa uyakwazi ukuthuma ummeli noma umngane noma
ilungu lomndeni ukuba liyomcelela amakhophi okubhaliweyo kwecala lakhe kumabhalane wasenkantolo.
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Indlela Yesibili: Ukufaka isicelo sokubhaliweyo kwasenkantolo
ngokomthetho wama-66(4)(a) wemithetho yeNkantolo yeMantshi
Indlela yesibili yokuthola okubhaliweyo kwasenkantolo wukufaka isicelo sakho
kumabhalane weNkantolo yeMantshi ngokomthetho wama-66(4)(a) wemithetho
yeNkantolo yeMantshi. Umuntu angafaka isicelo sokubhaliweyo kokuqulwa
kwecala ngaphansi kwalo mthetho. Kodwa inkantolo ayizukukudedela
okubhaliweyo imali yaleso sicelo ingakakhokhwa.
Inkokhelo yesicelo sokubhaliweyo kwasenkantolo kumele inikwe umabhalane
ngaphambi kokuba akhiphe izwi lokwenziwa kwekhophi yakho. Izindleko
zokubhaliweyo kwasenkantolo zincike kubo ubude bokuqoshwa kokuqulwa
kwecala. Ngokwejwayelekile imali yekhasi lokubhaliweyo ilinganiselwa ema-
R25.00.
Inkantolo ayizukukudedela okubhaliweyo okucelwayo uma imali
yakho ingakhokhiwe
Umuntu angasifaka isicelo sokubhaliweyo kwecala kumabhalene
wenkantolo
Inkokhelo yokubhaliweyo kumele inikwe umabhalane wenkantolo
Uma ababhalayo sebewuphothulile umsebenzi wokubhala okuqoshiweyo, okubhaliweyo kuthunyelwa enkantolo.
Ummangalelwa angacela ummeli wakhe noma umngane noma ilungu lomndeni
ukuba amlandele leyo mibhalo.
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Isikhathi sokubhala phansi okuqoshiweyo siya ngobude bokuqoshiweyo,
nangamandla enkantolo okuthola amadiskhi nomsebenzi ongaphothuliwe
wamacala okufakwe isicelo ngawo. Uma konke kuhamba kahle, sekutholakele
nokuqoshiweyo kwecala, ababhalayo bathi isikhathi sokubhala okuqoshiweyo
imvama siba phakathi kwamasonto ayisithupha kuya ezinyangeni ezimbili. Lesi
sikhathi asisifaki isikhathi sokubuyiswa kokubhaliweyo enkantolo.
Okubhaliweyo eNkantolo yamaJajiIndlela yokuthola okubhal iweyo kwaseNkantolo yamaJaj i iyafana
neyaseNkantolo yeMantshi.
Ummangelelwa ofale isicelo sokwedlulisa
isinqumo noma sokubuyekezwa kwaso
s i s u k a e N k a n t o l o y a m a J a j i s i y a
kwePhakeme yokwedlulisa isinqumo noma
sokubuyekezwa kwaso ulandela indlela
efanayo. Ngokwemithetho engaguqukiyo
yaseNkantolo yamaJaji, ummangalelwa
ofaka isicelo sokwedlul isa isinqumo
angacela ikhophi yokuqoshwa kokuqulwa
kwecala kumbhali (irejistra) waseNkantolo
yamaJaj i ngokukhokha imal i yakho
(Umthetho waseNkantolo ongaguqukiyo
wama-52(c)).
Uma ummangalelwa ehluleka ukukhokha
imali yamarekhodi, angafaka isicelo kumbhali waseNkantolo yamaJaji
ngokomthetho waseNkantolo ongaguqukiyo wama-52(2), okunguyena ozothatha
isinqumo ngalolo daba.
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Ukulandela okubhaliweyo kwakhoKungadikibalisa ukuzama ukuthola okubhaliweyo kwecala ngenqubo
yasenkantolo. Ezinye izinkatolo zithwele kanzima, akulula kuzo ukucubungula
izinkulungwane zezicelo zansuku zonke zokubhaliweyo kwamacala. Singaba
side kakhulu isikhathi sokuthola okubhaliweyo kwecala, okuncike kuleyo nkantolo
elalele icala lakho.
Ukuthola inqubekelaphambili ngokubhaliweyo kwecala lakho kumele uqikelele
ukuthi unayo inombolo yokuqulwa kwecala lakhe, namakhophi ezicelo
ezithunyelelwe umabhalane weNkantolo yeMantshi noma umbhali weNkantolo
yamaJaji ngokuphathelene nokubhaliweyo kwecala lakho.
Imvama umabhalane noma umbhali bangabantu abangathintwa ukuthola ukuthi
kukuphi okubhaliweyo kwecala lakho. Uma kunokwenzeka, indlela engcono
kakhulu wukucela ummeli wakho ukuba akuyele enkantolo. Uma
kungenakwenzeka (njengoba kunjalo kummeli osebenza nabe-Legal Aid South
Africa), kungasiza ukucela umngane noma ilungu lomndeni ukuyothola ukuthi
kukuphi okubhaliweyo kwecala lakho.
Enye indlela ukuthinta inkampane i-
iAfrica Transcriptions okuyiyona
esetshenziswa kakhulu yizintantolo
zaseGauteng ukubhala imibhalo
yasenkantolo. Ukuthinta le nkampane
k u n g a s i z a e k u t h o l e n i u k u t h i
okuqosh iweyo kweca la l akho
kuthunyelwe yini kubabhali nokuthi
kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani
ukubhalwa kwakho. Imiminingwane
y o k u t h i n t a n a n a b e - i A f r i c a
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