vfr basics
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Take-off LEG 1 : Basic VFRTake-off LEG 1 : Basic VFR
IntroductionIntroduction
What is a VFR-flight?What is a VFR-flight?
VFR in Uncontrolled andVFR in Uncontrolled and
Controlled airspaceControlled airspace
How to fly VFR in FS?How to fly VFR in FS?How to say it? (phraseology)How to say it? (phraseology)
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What is typical for a VFR flight?What is typical for a VFR flight?
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Navigation along roads, rivers,Navigation along roads, rivers,mountains, towns, navaids etc...mountains, towns, navaids etc...
by looking outside the cockpitby looking outside the cockpit
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Remain outside clouds in VisualRemain outside clouds in Visual
Meteorological Conditions (VMC)Meteorological Conditions (VMC)
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Visual separationVisual separation
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Visual Traffic CircuitVisual Traffic Circuit
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Standard CircuitStandard Circuit
LEFT turnsLEFT turns
1000 feet AGL (Above Ground Level)1000 feet AGL (Above Ground Level)
BUTBUT
Jets and noisy aircraft at 1500 feet AGLJets and noisy aircraft at 1500 feet AGL
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WIND
CROSSWIND
UPWIND
DOWNWIND
FINAL
BASE
500 ftAGL
1000 ft AGL
500 ftAGL
STARTDescenthere
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Righthand CircuitRighthand Circuit
RIGHT TURNSRIGHT TURNS
1000 feet AGL (Above Ground Level)1000 feet AGL (Above Ground Level)BUTBUT
Jets and noisy aircraft at 1500 feet AGLJets and noisy aircraft at 1500 feet AGL
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RIGHTHAND
CROSSWIND
WIND
UPWIND
RIGHTHAND DOWNWIND
FINAL
RIGHTHAND
BASE
500 ft
AGL
1000 ftAGL
500 ft
AGL
START
D
ESCE
NT
HERE
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VFR flightVFR flight
OUTSIDE CONTROLLED airspaceOUTSIDE CONTROLLED airspace
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MINIMUM Flight Visibility:MINIMUM Flight Visibility:
5km5km above 3000ft night and dayabove 3000ft night and day
1500m1500m 3000ft or below, day only, Local3000ft or below, day only, Local
800m800m for helicopters below 1000ftfor helicopters below 1000ft
AND - remain outside cloudsAND - remain outside clouds- always ground or- always ground or
water in sightwater in sight
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Flight in 5 Km Visibility at 3000 ft
Flight in 1500 m Visibility
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Minimum height for VFR flight:Minimum height for VFR flight:(except for take-off and landing)(except for take-off and landing)
Over populated areas:Over populated areas: 1000ft1000ft
300ft for helicopters300ft for helicopters
Elsewhere :Elsewhere : 500ft500ft
150ft for helicopters150ft for helicopters
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Cruising levelCruising level
Up to 3000 AGL included:Up to 3000 AGL included:
ANY altitude: 1255 ft, 2076 ft... etcANY altitude: 1255 ft, 2076 ft... etc
above 3000 AGL:above 3000 AGL:
select aselect a VFRVFR cruising level accordingcruising level accordingthe magnetic track:the magnetic track:
3500 ft, 4500ft, FL55, etc...3500 ft, 4500ft, FL55, etc...
NO VFR ALLOWED ABOVE FL195!NO VFR ALLOWED ABOVE FL195!
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Table of cruising levelsTable of cruising levels
000
179
359
180
VFR
3500 ft
FL 55
FL 75
FL 95
FL 115
FL 135
FL 155FL 175
FL 195
VFR
4500 ft
FL 65FL 85
FL 105
FL 125
FL 145
FL 165
FL 185
Magnetic TracK
EVEN
Levels
ODD
levels
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GENERAL RULES:GENERAL RULES:
Avoiding CollisionsAvoiding Collisions
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Navigation lightsNavigation lights
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Right of way on the APRONRight of way on the APRON
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Right of way in the AIRRight of way in the AIR
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HAS
PRIORITYOVER
Right-of-wayRight-of-way
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Head-on on the apronHead-on on the apron
Head on in the AIRHead on in the AIR
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Head-on in the AIRHead-on in the AIR
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Overtaking on the APRONOvertaking on the APRON
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Overtaking in the AIROvertaking in the AIR
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On FinalOn Final
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VFR flightVFR flight
in CONTROLLED airspacein CONTROLLED airspace
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Minimum Flight visibility:Minimum Flight visibility:
5km5km below FL100below FL1008 km above FL1008 km above FL100
Minimum Distance from clouds:Minimum Distance from clouds:
1500m1500m horizontalhorizontal
1000ft1000ft verticalvertical
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Minimum height for VFR flight:Minimum height for VFR flight:(except for take-off and landing)(except for take-off and landing)
Over populated areas:Over populated areas: 1000ft1000ft
300ft for helicopters300ft for helicopters
Elsewhere :Elsewhere : 500ft500ft
150ft for helicopters150ft for helicopters
NO VFR fli ht i CTR h
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NO VFR flights in a CTR whenNO VFR flights in a CTR whenbelow VMC:below VMC:
CLOUD BKN (broken) or OVC (overcast)CLOUD BKN (broken) or OVC (overcast)
belowbelow 1500ft1500ft
OROR
VISIBILITY less thanVISIBILITY less than 5km5km
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VMC Minima:VMC Minima:
1500 ft
CLOUDBASE
BROKEN
or
OVERCAST
VISIBILITY 5km or more
AND
NOT
BELOW
C t lli VFR fli htControlling VFR flights
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Controlling VFR flights:Controlling VFR flights: NO HEADINGSNO HEADINGS to a VFR Flightto a VFR Flight
EXCEPTEXCEPT if PILOT REQUESTS!if PILOT REQUESTS!
Use VFR reporting points orUse VFR reporting points or
compass-rose directions (E, NW, N, SE)compass-rose directions (E, NW, N, SE)
Keep VFR pilots clear of cloudsKeep VFR pilots clear of clouds
Give Traffic Information for VisualGive Traffic Information for Visual
SeparationSeparation
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5NM or 1000 ft from IFR5NM or 1000 ft from IFRexcept near an aerodrome if:except near an aerodrome if:
ATC sees bothATC sees both VFR and IFR aircraftVFR and IFR aircraft
Both VFR and IFRBoth VFR and IFR can see each othercan see each other
SecondSecond aircraftaircraft has first in sighthas first in sight
Traffic Information between VFRTraffic Information between VFR
Separation from other TrafficSeparation from other Traffic
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Cruising levelCruising level
select anselect an IFRIFR cruising level according thecruising level according themagnetic track:magnetic track:
2000 ft, 3000 ft, FL80, FL110, etc...2000 ft, 3000 ft, FL80, FL110, etc...
NO VFR ALLOWED ABOVE FL195!NO VFR ALLOWED ABOVE FL195!
fT bl f i i l l
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Table of cruising levelsTable of cruising levels
000
179
359
180
1000 ft
3000 ft
FL 50
FL 70FL 90
FL 110
FL 130
FL 150FL 170
FL 190
2000 ft
4000 ft
FL 60
FL 80
FL 100
FL 120
FL 140
FL 160
FL 180
Magnetic TracK
EVEN
Levels
ODD
levels
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VFR ON IVAOVFR ON IVAO
ALWAYS OK WHEN :ALWAYS OK WHEN :
5 Km5 Kmvisibilityvisibility OUTSIDE CLOUDSOUTSIDE CLOUDS
1000 feet1000 feetabove terrainabove terrain
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Planning a routePlanning a route
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Check METAR / TAF of:Check METAR / TAF of:
Departure /Destination /AlternateDeparture /Destination /Alternate(VFR minima)(VFR minima)
Runway-in-use: Departure / DestinationRunway-in-use: Departure / Destination
VFR routes IN/OUT VFR routes IN/OUT
En-route planningEn-route planning
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VFR Routes IN/OUT VFR Routes IN/OUT
Select a VFR route or points to leave theSelect a VFR route or points to leave thecircuit or airspace at the aerodrome ofcircuit or airspace at the aerodrome ofdeparturedeparture
Search for circuit or airspace entry pointsSearch for circuit or airspace entry pointsat destinationat destination
Prepare a route along which to navigatePrepare a route along which to navigate
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Prepare your Flight PlanPrepare your Flight Plan
www.nav2000.comwww.nav2000.com
www.routenet.bewww.routenet.be
www.IVAO.aero/bewww.IVAO.aero/be: Brussels FIR: Charts: Brussels FIR: Charts
Ivae (METAR)Ivae (METAR)
http://www.nav2000.com/http://www.nav2000.com/http://www.routenet.be/http://www.routenet.be/http://www.ivao.aero/behttp://www.ivao.aero/behttp://www.ivao.aero/behttp://www.routenet.be/http://www.nav2000.com/ -
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Brussels FIR Airspace classBrussels FIR Airspace class
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Brussels FIR Airspace class.Brussels FIR Airspace class.
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VFR Navigation in FSVFR Navigation in FS
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Visual Circuit RWY 06Visual Circuit RWY 06
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Visual Circuit RWY 06Visual Circuit RWY 06
500ft
ABV
Circuit
Arrived at EBKTArrived at EBKT
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Arrived at EBKTArrived at EBKT
CHEERS!
SANTE!!
CONGRATULATIONS!
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VFR Separation from other TrafficVFR Separation from other Traffic
in VMCin VMC
5NM or 1000 ft from IFR5NM or 1000 ft from IFR
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5NM or 1000 ft from IFR5NM or 1000 ft from IFR
except near an aerodrome if:except near an aerodrome if:
ATC sees bothATC sees both VFR and IFR aircraftVFR and IFR aircraft
Both VFR and IFRBoth VFR and IFR can see each othercan see each other
SecondSecond aircraftaircraft has first in sighthas first in sight
ANDAND VFR pilot can maintain OWN SEPARATIONVFR pilot can maintain OWN SEPARATION
Traffic Information between VFRTraffic Information between VFR
T ffi I f ti
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Traffic InformationTraffic Information
Traffic ...Traffic ... .... o'clock (where?).... o'clock (where?)
.... NM (how far?).... NM (how far?)
from left to right (or vice versa)from left to right (or vice versa)
.... feet/Flight Level/same level.... feet/Flight Level/same level
(how high?)(how high?) .... (what type?).... (what type?)
Report Final as number 2Report Final as number 2
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Report Final as number 2Report Final as number 2
Report Final as number 3Report Final as number 3
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Report Final as number 3Report Final as number 3
12
Orbit RIGHT or LEFTOrbit RIGHT or LEFT
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EXTEND (RIGHTH ) DOWNWINDEXTEND (RIGHTH.) DOWNWIND
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EXTEND (RIGHTH.) DOWNWINDEXTEND (RIGHTH.) DOWNWIND
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SPECIAL VFR FlightSPECIAL VFR Flight
BEST AVOID AS NEWBE!BEST AVOID AS NEWBE!
When in Special VFR Conditions?When in Special VFR Conditions?
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When in Special VFR Conditions?When in Special VFR Conditions?
CloudbaseOvercast
OR
Broken
Below 1500 ft
Visibility less than 5 KM
AND / OR
Minima for Special VFRMinima for Special VFR
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Minima for Special VFRMinima for Special VFR
1500 m1500 m VISIBILITY or moreVISIBILITY or more
800 m for HELICOPTERS800 m for HELICOPTERS
ALWAYS GROUND or WATERALWAYS GROUND or WATER in sightin sight
Clearance for Special VFR FLTClearance for Special VFR FLT
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Special Authorisation by ATC to:Special Authorisation by ATC to:
Enter CTR for landingEnter CTR for landing
Take-off and leave CTRTake-off and leave CTR
Join Traffic CircuitJoin Traffic Circuit
by DAYby DAY
Given to each pilot individuallyGiven to each pilot individually
ATC must separate each Special VFRATC must separate each Special VFRflight from all other traffic:flight from all other traffic:
5 NM or5 NM or
1000 feet1000 feet
1 Special VFR at the Time!1 Special VFR at the Time!
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pp
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Phraseology (Aviation English):Phraseology (Aviation English):
www.jonckers.org/atcwikiwww.jonckers.org/atcwiki
VFR Document by Bob van der FlierVFR Document by Bob van der Flier
http://www.jonckers.org/atcwikihttp://www.jonckers.org/atcwikihttp://www.jonckers.org/atcwiki
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