zhou xinyue 668987 parta
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A I RARCHITECTURE DESIGN STUDIO
2 0 1 6
2 Xinyue Zhou 668987
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CONTENTPART A
A.0. IntroductionA.1. Design Futuring
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12 A.2. Design Computation
A.3. Composition/Generation
A.4. Conclusion
A.5. Learning Outcomes
A.6. Appendix - Algorithmic Sketches
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My name is Xinyue, preferred name is April, the third year student major in Archi-tecture. I am an international student from a small city in the southern part of China, which is Suzhou. My hometown is famous of the clas-sical Chinese Gardens, which is a representa-tive style of the Chinese ancient architectural style.
When I was a child, my mother always took me traveled around those historical towns to experience the aesthetics of the ancient architecture. Thus I learned painting over a long period in order to record the beautiful views and building I saw. I finished my high school with the arts major and chose finance when I did my foundation course in Auckland of New Zealand, however, finally I found I still want to learn architecture for the reason that I think it is quite eudemonic to understand, to learn, to image, to create and to build what I like and what I want. After I started my study in Melbourne University, I understood more about this major and learned more skill of architecture. Especially the studio study, I found lots of fun of each program, and the learning from the Master Rem Koolhaas made me understand more about the modern architecture, also the importance about the technology about design and creating. Besides, I really like the modern Japanese architecture style for its clean, simple and functional characteristics. This year is my third year, as well as the last year for my undergraduate period. I really hope I could learn more skills about the grasshopper, the rhino and other technology I should learn for future and better design, meanwhile improve cre-ativity of design.
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INTRODUCTION
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A.1DESIGN FUTURING
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According to the reading this week, both of them pointed out that nowadays ar-
chitecture has more meaning for the culture, the city and the environment. For future,
architecture plays more and more important role between human society and envi-
ronment, which has close connection with the sustainability. Furthermore, to compare
with the modern architecture around 1900s, nowadays-modern architecture gives
and creates more ideas and meaning to projects. With the improvement of technol-
ogy and the changes of lifestyle, the idea of architecture becomes more and more
creative and not just satisfies the needs of functions.
“Answering the ‘design futuring’ question actually requires having a clear sense of
what design needs to be mobilized for or against. Even more significantly, it means
changing our thinking, then how and what we design. Equally, it also requires under-
standing that the ‘ dialectic of sustainment’ is another basic feature of being hu-
man.”[1]
Tony Fry
[1] Fry, Tony (2008). Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg), p4
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AXEL SPRIN
GER C
AM
PUSIn 2014, OMA won the competition
of the new office building for AXEL
SPRINGER SE Company with stellar
proposals of three renowned firms, BIG,
Büro Ole Scheeren. Axel Springer is a
media company that has launched a
movement from print to digital media.
Thus the competition’s task was to
create additional space for the com-
pany, especially for its digital offers and
design a workplace fit for the future of
online media. The new office building
for the company, is not just a place
for working, but both a symbol and a
tool for the transition that from print to
digital media.
Besides, the location of the
new building is on the historical
site of the former Berlin Wall
what was once a no-man’s
land. Therefore, nowadays
this building has more mean-
ing not just for its function,
but also for its representation
of the company, even it has
important significance for the
media area, or it can be a
new landmark for Berlin for its
special location.
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OMA
Figure 1
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For this project, it features an open
valley with interconnected terraces
and public workspaces for all indi-
vidual, collaborative, and mobile work,
won favor with the jury for its forward-
thinking concept[1] . The essence of the
design is a series of terraced floors that
together forms a ‘valley’ that creates
an informal stage at the center[2] . It
combines the formal and informal of-
fices which response to the properties
of the media and create a place to
broadcast ideas to other parts of the
company.
Each floor is a covered part as a traditional work envi-
ronment that is uncovered on the terraces. Meanwhile
the valley is designed to be mirrored to generate a three
dimensional canopy through technology.
Figure 2
Figure 3 Figure 4
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IDEA VERTICAL CAMPUSIdea Vertical Campus was set in Tokyo’s rapidly
expanding Shinjuku ward, it took a radical idea
and design at the time. In traditional, the campus is
always situated on the countryside with lots of big
open spaces and gardens. Most buildings are gener-
ated through ‘Addition’. All the necessary parts are
assembled, adjusted, accumulated in more or less
pleasing compositions. Shinjyuku Vertical Campus
is generated by ‘Subtraction’; like Michelangelo’s
‘Slaves’.
OMA
This unbuilt project reflected a new language
of campus and a changeable lifestyle of the
time. . It is prepared for the competition in 2004,
which theme is no regular towers would be per-
mitted. For this design, Koolhaas thought that the
interior and exterior are significant for a building
at the same time; instead like that many high-rise
structures privatize their strongest features in the
interior. Idea Vertical Campus is a combination
of three different schools, thus Koolhaas said that
they didn’t want to design these three schools
too equal for the reason that all of them have
special characteristics; each school should have
their own style just like each person is different
and has unique identity.
Figure 5
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According to the design futuring, I chose
this project for its new idea and language to
explain new lifestyle and the tendency of the
increase of population and the density. For
the sustainability of the development of the
modern city, this high-rise design is meaningful
and important and has its value for architec-
ture. The Idea Vertical Campus represents the
new concept of architecture and the ten-
dency of the future architecture. However, it
finally didn’t win that competition to be built,
but its idea of design was accept by all of
people, meanwhile brought new definition of
the campus.
Figure 6
Figure 7
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A.2DESIGN COMPUTATION
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Over the several past years, with the invention of the computer and high-speed de-
velopment of technology, many of areas achieved large improvements and changed
to new developing styles. For architecture, it used to use the basic methods for presen-
tations and the design process – hand-drawing and scaled physical model. The emer-
gency of digital computing has shifts the architecture to a new method of illustration
and leads the design for architecture explore to new style. A new and comprehensive
domain of architectural theories is beginning to emerge in the intersection between
science, technology, design and architectural cultural[1]. Nowadays, people’s needs
of architecture not only for the shelter and basic functions, but also consider about the
sustainability, the culture and the new language to express the aesthetic of architecture.
This is an age in which digitally informed design can actually produce a second nature[2]. - Oxman
The above quote indicates that digital design by computation is not beneficial for
making the design work parametric, but good for develop designers’ creativity, further-
more is response to the nature, the environment and the sustainability. Different to the
modern architecture around 1900s, today’s architecture has more meaning; particu-
larly with the improvement of the materials, science and technology, the architecture
represents more for the society. In synthesizing material culture and technologies within
the expanding relationship between the computer and architecture, this phenomenon
defines a digital continuum from design to production, from form generation to fabrica-
tion design[3].
[1]Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (Lon-don; New York: Routledge), pp. 1–10
[2]Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (Lon-don; New York: Routledge), pp. 1–10
[3]Kalay, Yehuda E. (2004). Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), pp. 5-25
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As a significant part of the modern city
life, car is available for each family. In Hong
Kong, the high density, fast pace of life and
lack of the available land result in the prob-
lem of car parking. For this project, its aim is
to romanticize the car as an active urban
object while simultaneously implementing
sustainable strategies. Besides, the pro-
gram is not just for the car parking, but also
including shopping, food and landscaping
aspects.
Its rotational design illustrates the understanding of
the modern life and looks to capture new potentials
for Hong Kong’s infrastructural personality by integrat-
ing the ritual of “the drive” with mixed programs. By us-
ing the digital design tools to realize most possibilities of
the project with the irregular shape. The car is viewed
as an active urban object while also adding a new
storm water management strategy that creates land-
scape retreats in the sky and irrigates the athletic field
occupying the ground plane. It is a civic and mix-use
armature tangled up in a kinetic rotation of animated
circulation.
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HONG KONG CAR PARK
PROPOSAL
INTERFACE STUDIO
ARCHITECTS
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Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
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Figure 11
Figure 12
Figure 13
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KREODChun Qing Li of Pavilion Architecture
As an innovation architectural sculpture, KREOD pavilion was designed
by Chun Qing Li of Pavilion Architecture and located between Emirates
Air Lines and The O2, next to Peninsula Square at Greenwich Peninsula.
This project is famous for its organic form, environmentally friendly and the
inspiration from nature. It was designed to be three pod-like pavilions are
formed with a wooden structural framework comprised of an open hex-
agonal composition and each double-curved wooden shell encloses a
footprint of 20 square meters. For further, a waterproof tensile membrane
seals the interior from the elements. Fully portable with demountable joints;
the individual components may be stacked for efficient transportation.
Considering about the material, ebony timber is a durable, resistant and
eco-friendly choice ideal for both interior and exterior environments. Cur-
rently serving as exhibition spaces, the small buildings may eventually be
used or manufactured on a larger scale as office meeting spaces, garden
or bicycle sheds.
By using the most advanced parametric design tools and digital fabri-
cation, this project brought together lots of the most talented architects,
engineers and innovative materials to make a challenge on current minds
and showcase the sustainable and future thinking building methods.
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A.3COMPOSITION/GENERATION
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With the high speed improvement of the technology around the world in all areas,
digital technologies have been embraced by architectural designs and practices
for the efficiency of workflow and the accuracy of the constructions. Architects are
developing digital tools that create opportunities in design process, fabrication and
constructions[2]. Using built architectural projects, this issue provides insight into emerg-
ing design approaches that use computation as a design method.
In the past decades, architects developed skills of the computation that is redefining
the practice of architecture. What is the computation? Designers came up their ideas
at first in the mind, and then they use computer to illustrate their designs; such as taking
software like CAD, make it easier to draw the draft and increase the precision of draw-
ings. Instead of the “computation”, designers became more prefer to “computerisa-
tion”. To compare between the computation and computerisation, the second one is
more related to algorithmic thinking, parametric modelling and scripting cultures.
An algorithm is a recipe, method, or technique for doing something[1].
- Definition of ‘Algorithm’
[1]Definition of ‘Algorithm’ in Wilson, Robert A. and Frank C. Keil, eds (1999). The MIT Encyclo-pedia of the Cognitive Sciences (London: MIT Press), pp. 11, 12
[2]Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architec-tural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15
2020
This pavilion is one of my favorite projects for the
algorithmic architecture. The special shape and sur-
face of it is quite brilliant both in daytime and night;
besides, either the experiences of looking from out-
side and inside are fabulous. Wolfgang Buttress took
the idea of the beehive for this project and it is one of
the first pavilions to complete for 2015 Milan Expo. The
idea of the shape is to highlight the plight of honey-
bee and provides an “immersive sensory experience”
for visitors, also leave visitors with a “lasting flavor of
the British landscape”. The dome structured the site
at the end of a meandering wildflower meadow that
leads visitors to the “hive”. For inside, a sensory com-
position of audio and visual effects wills mimic the
activity of an existing beehive in Nottingham.
Reference to the design of the pavilion, it is con-
structed and framed by the digital architectural meth-
ods. It is comprised of a 14 meters lattice structure and
made from 169,300 pieces of aluminum and steel.
The accuracy calculations and designed process are
taken use of the computerization to built the surface
by the regular shaped aluminum and steel. Intensive
structure for the whole project indicated that the digi-
tal design method is necessary for the design process.
The generative design is obvious shown by this project
for the reason that it demonstrates the possibilities of
biomimetic structures can be perfectly realized by
algorithm design. Besides, the efficiency of materials
choices can be improved during the computerization.
Computerisation becomes more and more popular
and necessary for nowadays’s architectural design
and creates more possibilities of changeable times.
Figure 14
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UK PAVILION, MILAN EXPOW
olfgang Buttress
Figure 15
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This project is the last one of the “structural shingle” group of projects taken by Marc FORNES & THEVERYMANY
and it is a new permanent installation located in France. This group of projects are famous for the parametric
design, the efficiency of materials and particular the “structural shingle” of the project. It is made up of pleated
aluminium sheets that related to the firm’s computational design technique. Taking advanced, mature com-
puterisation design for creating new styles of sculptures, discovering more possibilities of architecture during the
design process. Digital technology is useful for ensuring successful constructability but demonstrate alternative
methods of design using computers[1].
To consider about its form, the design was devel-
oped through computational protocols of structural
form finding, descriptive geometry, and stress flow
driven porosity. A voluminous space was created
with minimal lightweight material for the reason
that a 2D network of lines as a footprint inflates and
expands in the air. According to the structure, this
project built a body of research into lightweight,
self-supporting systems that unify skin, structure,
ornamentation and spatial experience. Named with
the “structural shingle”, it is made up of 990 shingles,
each overlapping their neighbour to form tangential
continuity and rigidity.
The computational design technique simultane-
ously serves as the project’s structure, enclosure,
and its primary architectural component. This offers
that once generation algorithm completed for one
project, we can create what we want actually for
our ideas. Figure 16
PLEATED INFLATIONMARC FORNES & THEVERYMANY
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Figure 17
Figure 18 23
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A.4CONCLUSION
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Figure 19
In order to achieve sustainable ways for architectural design, which improving the efficiency, discovering more
possible materials, inspiring creations by computerization. Designers have changed their ways of illustrating ideas
by computations, such as CAD. For further, some of them have shifted to computerization, which generating
forms to create what they want in their minds. For me, I prefer the computerization, for the reason that I find it is
brilliant to enjoy the process of creating designs with various kinds of possibilities. Grasshopper is the software for
digital fabrication, algorithmic design we learned for improving skills of innovative architecture. Using the grass-
hopper to inspire the idea, and then to develop it, enjoy the changing process and achieve the result. This is the
new approach for architects to make designs that is different to past ways.
It is significant to design in this digital way as for the development of the society, changing with times
is the best way for this area, also for human beings. Taking use of the technology to create better
design in a more efficient way for more sustainable lifestyle. For architects, they will enjoy more con-
venient methods for working. For people, they will achieve better environment for living, working and
relaxing.
According to last three weeks, refer to all staff I have
learned, the part A is an introduction for the future, for the most
advanced digital architecture design technology. Whit the
high-speed development of the modern society, the changes
of the situation of the nature, the world, it is time for designers,
architects to change their attitudes, their thoughts, their meth-
ods about architecture. Obviously nowadays, sustainability is
the most important mind for any areas; thus, for architecture,
to consider it in a different emphasis; instead of the functional
aspect, preferred concerning on the relationship with environ-
ment.
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A.5. Learning Outcomes
During last three weeks, from a stranger of the fabrication design to be a beginner of com-
puterization. My understanding of architecture achieved obvious improvement for this discipline.
For one hand, I feel that digital designing and computerization by using grasshopper offers more
possibilities to future, better life and a different way of thinking. For another hand, the limitation
of being a beginner of algorithmic thinking, makes me comprehend that I should learn more
about the digital design, understand the future thinking better. With the learning of grasshopper,
it brings me better thinking about the relationship between nature and architecture. It is closer
and more comprehensive for us to understand nature as a consequence. Modeling is not just
a representation of my finished idea or design; it also can be a process of designing, provides
much more possibilities for the improvement of the idea, even of the materials and improves ef-
ficiency of designing; particularly expresses and illustrates more sustainable thinking and under-
standing about architecture.
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A.6. Appendix
Algorithmic Sketches
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PICTURE REFERENCESFigure 1: http://www.domusweb.it/en/news/2014/04/01/oma_axel_springer.html
Figure 2: http://www.archdaily.com/490298/oma-tops-big-buro-ole-scheeren-to-design-axel-springer-campus-in-berlin
Figure 3: http://www.archdaily.com/459281/big-oma-buro-os-to-com-pete-for-new-media-campus-in-berlin
Figure 4: http://www.detail.de/artikel/oma-scheeren-big-drei-finalisten-bei-springer-wettbewerb-in-berlin-11528/
Figure 5: http://oma.eu/projects/idea-vertical-campus
Figure 6: http://3d-entrepreneurs.blogspot.com.au/2010/10/pragmatics-and-precedents.html
Figure 7: http://oma.eu/projects/idea-vertical-campus
Figure 8: http://www.evolo.us/architecture/car-park-proposal-for-hong-kong-interface-studio-architects/
Figure 9: http://www.evolo.us/architecture/car-park-proposal-for-hong-kong-interface-studio-architects/
Figure 10:http://www.evolo.us/architecture/car-park-proposal-for-hong-kong-interface-studio-architects/
Figure 11: http://www.archdaily.com/275460/kroed-chun-qing-li-of-pavil-ion-architecture/kreod_pavilions_0002
Figure 12:http://blog.bellostes.com/?cat=138
Figure 13:http://www.archdaily.com/275460/kroed-chun-qing-li-of-pavil-ion-architecture/jro_9302
Figure 14: http://www.bdonline.co.uk/milans-british-pavilion-promises-to-be-the-queen-bee/5073298.article
Figure 15: http://www.archdaily.com/632916/gallery-the-top-5-world-expo-pavilions
Figure 16: http://www.ozdoof.com/cool-structures-design/
Figure 17: http://inhabitat.com/marc-fornes-ultralight-informal-amphitheater-in-france-looks-like-an-opening-chrysalis/marc-fornes-theverymany-chrysalis-3/
Figure 18: http://www.arch2o.com/the-chrysalis-marc-fornes-theveryma-ny/
Figure 19: http://xsalas.com/post/100478061978
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