an toan lao dong

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TAP HUAN : - AN TOAN LAO ONG- VE SINH LAO ONG - S CAP CU

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NHNG QUY NH CHUNGI - Muc ch y ngha cua cong tac ATL - VSL

II - Ngha vu va quyen li cua ngi lao ongve ATL - VSL

III - Ngha vu va quyen han cua An toan vien va ve sinh vien .

IV - Noi Quy ATL - VSL cua Doanh nghiep

IV - Phat HC ngi lao ong co nhng hanh vi vi pham cac quynh ve AT-VSL : Ngh nh 113 CP cua chnh phu ngay16/4/2004 ( ieu 22 )

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NHNG QUY NH CU THE VE ATVSLI- ac iem va quy trnh lam viec bao am AT Ve sinh ( May moc, thiet b . .

II- Cac quy pham , tieu chuan bat buoc lien quan ti cong viec .

III- Cac bien phap AT- VS khi lao ong

IV- Phng tien bao ve ca nhan

V- Cac yeu to nguy hiem , co hai , bien phap d phong , x ly sco , s cu .

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AN TOAN LAO ONG

YEU TO NGUY HIEM LA G ?

La nhng yeu to tieu cc phat sinhtrong san xuat khi tac ong len

ngi lao ong se gay : tai nan lao ong .

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VUNG NGUY HIEM LA G ?

Vung nguy hiem la khoang khong gian o co cac yeu tonguy hiem oi vi ngi lao ong

Cac yeu to nay xuat hien :

- Thng xuyenco tnh chu ky

- Hoac bat ngTNLTNL

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PhanPhan loaloaii cacacc yeyeuu toto nguynguy hiehiemmLaLamm vieviecc trentren caocao ( ( trentren 2 2 memett ) ) BB sasapp bb oo vavaoo ngngiiBB cacacc vavatt tt trentren caocao riri vavaoo ngngiiCaCacc bobo phaphann truyetruyenn oongng , , chuyechuyenn oongng : :

+ + TruyeTruyenn oongng :: truyetruyenn babanhnh rangrang , , aiai chuyechuyenn ..+ + ChuyeChuyenn oongng :: O O toto , , xexe nangnang , , mamayy trutrucc . . + + ChuyeChuyenn oongng quay , quay , tnhtnh tietienn :: MaMayy cuocuonn eepp ..+ + ChuyeChuyenn oongng coco kekett cacauu :: nhonhonn , , sasacc cacanhnh , , nhanhann ..----> > tataoo : : NguyNguy cc cuocuonn cacann kekepp cacatt

DoDongng ieienn : : KhongKhong baobao cheche cacachch ieienn , , thiethiett bb ieienn khongkhongtietiepp aatt , , nonoii khongkhong ..

VangVang babann : : dudungng cucu -- vavatt lielieuu

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PhanPhan loaloaii cacacc yeyeuu toto nguynguy hiehiemm( ( TieTiepp theotheo ) )

ChaChayy nono ( ( LyLy -- hoahoa ) : ) : bbnhnh aapp llcclalamm vieviecc trongtrong vuvungng nguynguy hiehiemm tatamm cacann cacauu quay . quay . hoahoa chachatt oocc hahaii ( a ( a xxtt mamanhnh , , kiekiemm mamanhnh , , benben zenzen , , AcsinAcsin . .

. . ) , . . ) , cacacc hihi khkh oocc ( ( CloClo , CO , SO, CO , SO22 , NO, NO22 ))bobongng do do nhienhiett oo caocao hoahoacc lalanhnh . .

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Cac yeu to tac hai nghe nghiep Vi kh hau xau Tieng on va rung soc Bc xa va phong xa Chieu sang khong hp ly ( choi qua hoac toi qua ) Bui : Hu c ( V, TV ) , Nhan tao : nha , cao su , Bui kim

loai : Fe , Cu .. , Vo c : Silic , amiang Cac hoa chat oc Cac yeu to vi sinh vat co hai Cac yeu to ve cng o lao ong , t the lao ong go bo va

n ieu trong lao ong khong phu hp vi tam sinh ly bnhthng va nhan trac cua c the ngi lao ong .

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Cac bien phap ky thuat an toan

Thiet b che chan Thiet b bao hiem ( thiet b phong nga ) Tn hieu bao hieu Khoang cach an toan C cau ieu khien , phanh ham , ieu khien t xa Thiet b an toan rieng biet cho mot so thiet b , cong viec Trang b phng tien bao ve ca nhan Phong chay cha chay

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THIET B CHE CHAN Muc ch che chan :

- Cach ly vung nguy hiem va ngi lao ong- Ngan nga ngi lao ong ri , tut , nga hoac vat ri vangban vao ngi lao ong

Phan loai thiet b che chan :- Che chan tam thi hay di chuyen c : che san thao tactrong xay dng- Che chan lau dai hau nh khong di chuyen : bao che bophan chuyen ong

Mot so yeu cau oi vi thiet b che chan :- ngan nga - khong gay tr ngai thao tac- Khong anh hng ti nang xuat , cong xuat- De dang thao lap


THIET B BAO HIEM Muc ch : - ngan chan s co , han che s co

V du : Qua tai - Bo phan chuyen ong a chuyen ong quav tr gii han , qua nhiet o hoac nhiet o qua thap , quacng o dong ien ---> Thiet b bao hiem dng hoatcua may .

ac iem : la qua trnh t ong loai tr nguy c s co hoactai nan

Phan loai theo kha nang t phuc hoi lai s lam viec cuathiet b bao hiem : - T ong phuc hoi : Van an toan kieu tai trong , r le nhiet- Phuc hoi bang tay : truc vt ri tren may tien- Thay the cai mi : cau ch , chot cam


TN HIEU , BAO HIEU Muc ch :

- Nhac nh CN kp thi tranh cac tac ong xau cua SX : Bien bao , en bao , c hieu , coi bao ong - Hng dan thao tac : Bang ieu khien , He thong tn hieubang tay K can truc , lui xe o to- Nhan biet ve ky thuat va ky thuat an toan thong qua dauhieu qui c ve mau sac , hnh ve

Phan loai tn hieu , bao hieu : - Tn hieu anh sang - Am thanh ( coi chuong ) - ong ho cac loai - Mau sn ( o -> Che chan , Vang dacam -> bo phan di chuyen ) - Hnh ve va ch - Tn hieu bangtay .

Mot so yeu cau : De nhan biet - Kha nang nham lan thap, o chnh xac cao - De thc hien


KHOANG CACH AN TOAN Khai niem :

- Khoang cach an toan la khoang khong gian nhonhat gia ngi lao ong va cac loai phng tien , thiet b , hoac khoang cach nho nhat gia cac thietb vi nhau e khong b tac ong xau cua cac yeu tosan xuat . - VD : Khoang cach an toan gia ng day ientran ti ngi

Phan loai : Tuy thuoc vao cong nghe , ac iem cua tng loaithiet b ma quy nh cac khoang cach an toan .


C CAU IEU KHIEN , PHANH HAM , IEU KHIEN T XA

C cau ieu khien :- Nut m may , ong may , he thong tay gat , vo lang ieukhien

Phanh ham va cac khoa lien ong : - Phanh ham : Phanh c , phanh ien , phanh t- Khoa lien ong : t ong loai tr kha nang gay TNLmot khi ngi lao ong vi pham quy trnh van hanh : VD : ong bo phan bao che --> roi mi c m may . Hnh thckhoa lien ong : c kh , kh nen , thuy lc , ien , te baoquang ien

ieu khien t xa : co tac dung a ngi CN ra khoi vungnguy hiem , ong thi giam nhe KL nang nhoc , oc hai.


THIET B AN TOAN RIENG BIET CHO MOT SO LOAI THIET B , CONG VIEC

Noi at an toan cho cac thiet ien : vo may ien, vo ong c , vo cap ien .

Cac r le ien t ong ngat ien khi s co roien .

Day ai an toan cho ngi lam viec tren cao : San thao tac va tham cach ien , sao cach iencho cong nhan van hanh ien

Phao bi cho ngi lam viec tren song


TRANG B BAO VE CA NHAN

Trang b bao ve mat : Vat ran ban phai , khoi b bong , tianang lng .

Trang b bao ve c quan ho hap Trang b bao ve c quan thnh giac Trang b bao ve au : chong quan toc , chan thng c hoc ,

cac tia nang lng Trang b bao ve tay , chan : Ung , giay , gang tay Quan ao bao ho lao ong


Phai eo bt tai chong on

Phai eo knhbao ve mat


Phai eo gang bao vetay

Phai oi non bao veau


PHONG CHAY , CHA CHAY Chay la phan ng hoa hoc co toa nhiet va phat sang Chay ch say ra khi u 3 yeu to :

+ Chat chay + O xy + Nguon nhiet Mot so nguyen nhan gay chay no pho bien :

+ Do tac ong cua ngon la tran , tan la , tia la . + Do tac dung cua nang lng ien . + Do ma sat va cham gia cac vat .+ Do phan ng hoa hoc cua hoa chat .

Bien phap phong chay cha chay .


AN TOAN KHI LAM VIEC VI MAY CUON EP

Yeu to nguy hiem khi van hanh may : Tai nan thng say rado hai truc cuon quay ngc chieu nhau de hut tay , toc

Phng phap an toan : + Phai co bo phan dng khan cap+ Gan thiet b nh hng va hang rao bao ve khi lam viecvi tam ep , giay , vai , kim loai tam

Quy tac an toan khi van hanh : + Trc khi VH phai kiem tra trang thai hoat ong cua cacthiet b an toan : nh thiet b dng khan cap . + Thiet b dng khan cap phai c lap at v tr thuantien cho ngi s dung . + Can lap at hang rao bao ve va thiet b nh hng vtr de b ket .+ Cac cong viec kiem tra , lau chui may ch c thc hiensau khi dng may .


AN TOAN LAM VIEC VI XE NANG

Cac yeu to nguy hiem khi van hanh xe nang : + Do tiep xuc gia ngi va xe+ Do hang ri + Do xe b o lat

Phng phap van hanh an toan : + Khong chat hang qua trong tai cho phep cua xe ;+ Duy tr s on nh khi chay va khi tai ;+ Gi ung gii han toc o cho phep khi lai xe ;+ Khong quay xe ot ngot ;+ Khong chay hoac quay xe ki a hang len cao+ S dung tay nang , thanh chen thch hp vi tngloai hang ;


Nguy hiem do tiep xuc gia ngi va xe :ly do + Chay qua nhanh ng hep+ Khi chay lui+ Hang nhieu che tam nhn cua lai xe

Nguy hiem do hang ri : ly do + Hang e chenh venh+ Xuat phat , dng , vong ot ngot+ Tay lai cha thuan thuc

Nguy hiem do xe b o lat : Ly do + Quay xe vi toc o cao+ Nen san lam viec b ngheng+ Chat hang qua tai+ ng i khong bang phang


AN TOAN LAM VIEC VI MAY NGHIEN Cac yeu to nguy hiem khi van hanh may :

+ oi vi may nghien , may tron khi ca may m de gayra trao nguyen lieu ; ngi b nga hoac ri+ Than the ngi tiep xuc vi cac bo phan chuyen ong ;+ Ngi khac ieu khien khi ang lau chui , sa cha thungmay .

Phng phap van hanh an toan : + khi van hanh may nghien , may tron can kiem tra nap ayva hoat ong cua bo khoa lien ket gia nap va cong tackhi ong ;+ Dng may khi lay nguyen lieu tron trong may ;+ Khi lau chui , sa cha trong thung may , can lap khoavao cong tac khi ong va bao quan cha .


AN TOAN IEN

ac iem cua cac tai nan do ien gay ra : - Do than the ngi tiep xuc trc tiep vi ien hoac s cochay no do ien- e e phong tai nan ien giat : + Lap at thiet b che , phu tranh e lo bo phan nap ien ; + Cach ien tot e e phong h , mat ien ;+ e dau hieu bao nguy hiem vao thiet b ien+ Khi lam viec gan bo phan nap ien hoac day cao ap cans dng thiet b ien .


Tnh chat nguy hiem cua thiet b va dung ien : a) Khi lam viec co s dung thiet b ien trong moi trngam t : Khi b t hoac mo hoi --> ien tr cua c the bgiam nhieu so vi luc kho rao --> s co ien giat de say rab) Khi cong viec co s dung cu ien di ong : + Can dung boc ong hoac ong dan e tranh lam tray lp vocua day ien ; can sap xep day gon gang . + Can noi mat Hoac noi va s dung thiet b chong mat , chong ro ien ( ELCB ) . c) Khi lam viec vi dung cu co s dung ong c ien : canngat nguon ien khi sa cha cac dung cu co dung ong cien .


AN TOAN IEN OI VI NGI LAO ONG :ien rat nguy hiem , do o khi thiet b ien b hong khongc t y sa cha ma nhat thiet phai bao cho ngi cotrach nhiem . A) Khi s dung thiet b chieu sang di ong : Can dung thietb mang li bao ve bong -> tranh va ap --> v bong en- Can dung tay nam cach ien e keo khi di chuyen thiet b . B) Cau ch : can s dung cau ch ung tieu chuan , tranh sdung day ong hoac thep e thay the ; Khi thay the cau chnhat thiet phai ngat ien nguon . C) O cam : Trc khi cam phch phai xem nguon ien cua ocam co thch hp khong va khi khong s dung , cam tay vaophch va rut . D) Bao quan vat , chat nguy hiem phong chong chay no : Khong e cac chat kh , chat long de chay khu vc cothiet b ien .


CAC QUY TAC AN TOAN IEN OI NGI LAO ONG

Ch co nhng ngi co chng ch chuyen mon mi c sa cha ien;

Khi phat hien hong hoc can bao cho ngi co trach nhiem; Tay t khong c s vao thiet ien ; Tat ca cac cong tac can phai co nap ay ; Khong phun hoac e ri chat long len thiet b ien : nh cong tac , mo

t , hom phan phoi ien . Kiem tra nh ky o an toan cua day dan ien Khong treo , moc o vat len day dan ien , dung cu ien ; Khong e cho day chay vat qua goc sac hoac may co canh sac , nhon ; Khong noi nhieu nhanh vi day ong truc .


VEVE SINH LAO SINH LAO OONGNG -- BNNBNNVe sinh lao ong :

ieu kien lao ong :

Benh nghe nghiep :

Bien phap phong chong BNN :


Cac yeu to nguy c gay BNN

Yeu to tac hai nghe nghiep : - Tac hai lien quan en Moi trng lao ong- Tac hai lien quan en Tam sinh ly lao ong & Ergonomi .

Yeu to loi song : - Cac thoi quen va hanh vi khong ung trong sinh hoat : Dinh dng , hut thuoc , uong ru , hoat ong the lc .


TAC HAI CHUNG CUA CAC YEU TOTAC HAI NGHE NGHIEP

Khi cac yeu to nay vt tieu chuan VSCP se gay chongi lao ong : - Met moi- Nang xuat lao ong giam- Suy giam sc khoe- Cham tai tao sc lao ong

=> gay TNL & BNN


MOI TRNG LAO ONGVat ly : - Vi kh hau , bc xa nhiet . - On , rung , ap xuat v.v. . .

Hoa hoc : - Bui - hoa chat - Hi kh oc .

Sinh hoc : - Vi khuan - Vi rut - Nam - Cong trung .


S DUNG AN TOAN HOA CHAT1- Thong tin quan ly :Phan cong trach nhiem cu the , thng xuyen huan luyen ve

cong tac an toan hoa chat .

Hoa chat phai co nhan va phieu an toan hoa chat rieng . ocky hng dan trc khi s dung .

Tat ca cac loai bao b , chat thai eu phai c thu gom , xly theo quy nh .


2- Van chuyen - bao quan - s dung

Khi van chuyen , hoa chat phai c cha trong cac thungchuyen dung co ay u nhan , xep at chac chan , co day aian toan .

Khong van chuyen hoa chat cung vi thc pham .

Boc xep hoa chat phai nhe nhang , can than .


Kho tang hoa chat am bao : - Ngan nap , trat t , thong thoang . ng i lai phaithuan tien . - Co he thong bao chay va cu hoa . Co so theo doi . - Sap at theo quy nh ve an toan


3 - Ve sinh an toan lao ongS dung ay u trang thiet b bao ho lao ong c cung cap

.

Trang thiet b BHL phai at chat lng , ung chung loai .

Ni lam viec phai co voi nc sach . Sau ca lam viec phaitam ra , giat quan ao BHL sach se , khong mang trangthiet b BHL ve nha .

Khong an , uong hut thuoc la khi ang lam viec .


4 - Sc khoe - cap cuCo cac bien phap s cu ngi va phng tien di chuyentrng hp khan cap .

Kp thi thong bao cac dau hieu bat thng ve sc khoe cuamnh va ong nghiep cho can bo y te va ngi quan ly .

Neu b hoa chat ban vao mat phai xoi nc sach e ra matt nhat 10 phut .

Khi b day dnh hoa chat phai ci bo ngay quan ao b o nhiem, xoi nc sach ra vung da b day dnh .


TAM SINH LY LAO ONG & ERGONOMI( Chu yeu lien quan en to chc lao ong , thiet ke v tr lao ong )

Lao ong the lc nang nhoc .

T the lao ong go bo .

Cac Stress ( tam ly va xa hoi ...)

Cang thang than kinh giac quan , nhp ieu lam viec .

Tnh n ieu cua cong viec .

Thi gian lao ong , ngh ngi khong hp ly .


BENH NGHE NGHIEP ( Hien co 21 benh nghe nghiep c bao hiem xa hoi )

Benh phoi va phe quan- Bui phoi Silic - Bui phoi Amiang - Bui phoi bong -VFQ man nghe nghiep . Cac benh nhiem oc nghe nghiepCac benh nghe nghiep do yeu to vat ly : X-Ray , Phongxa , On , Rung , Giam ap

Cac benh da nghe nghiep : Sam da , loet da , loet vach ngan mui , viem da , cham tiep xuc

Cac benh nhiem kuan nghe nghiep : Viem gan vi rut , Leptospira


CAC BIEN PHAP PHONG CHONG CAC YEU TO NGUY C GAY BNN

BIEN PHAP KY THUAT

- Ky thuat cong nghe- Ky thuat ve sinh

BIEN PHAP TO CHC LAO ONG

BIEN PHAP CA NHAN

BIEN PHAP Y TE


- KY THUAT S CU TAI CHO - CAP CU NHIEM OC HOA CHAT

CAC KY THUAT S CU TAI CHO

1- Cap cu ien giat2. Cap cu bong3. Cap cu ngat th4. Cap cu ngng tim5. Cam mau bang bo vet thng . 6 . Van chuyen nan nhan

CAP CU NHIEM OC HOA CHAT


PHAC O CAP CU NGNG TH

( Tim con ap , co mach co )


ong tac I

1. Lay vat la hoac lau mdai trong mieng

2. au nghieng


ong tac II1.Tay nang co2.Tay an tran

( Lam ngaau nang cam )


ong tac III

1. Bt mui thoi manhqua mieng nan nhancho long ngc phonglen


ong tac IV

1. Thoi 12 lan trong 1 phut en khi nannhan th c


ong tac V

1.Khan baotrung tamcap cuen hotr


Ghi chu

1. e nam cho thoang2. Khong tap trung ong ngi quanh

nan nhan


PHAC O CAP CU NGAT

Con th - Tim con ap


ong tac I

e nan nhan nam nga


ong tac II

1. au nga ra sau ethong ho hap


ong tac III

1. Ni long ao nt ekhong tr ngai hohap va tuan hoan


ong tac IV

1.Dung khant lanhlau mat


ong tac V

1. An vaxoaymanhvao iem1/3 trennhantrung


Ghi chu

Khong tap trung ong ngi quanh nannhan

Neu 10 phut cha tnh ,mach yeu : goiTrung tam cap cu en

Khong cho uong neu nan nhan me


PHAC O CAP CU NGNG TIM

1. Nan nhan con th2. Khong co mach co3. Con ngi dan n


ong tac I

1. am manh vao ngcvung tim 3 am


ong tac II

1. Neu tim khong aplai, at nan nhantren mat phang cng


ong tac III

1. Dung got ban tayphai at trc tieplen 1/3 di xng c, va got ban tay kiaat len mu ban tayphai


ong tac IV


ong tac V


Ghi chu

Khan baotrung tamcap cuen ho tr


PHAC O CAP CU IEN GIAT


ong tac I

1. Cup ien ( neu c ): - ha cau dao- g cau ch


ong tac II1. An toan a nan nhan ra khoi dong ien ,

dung van , go , cay kho cach ien


ong tac III

1. X tr ngng tim , ngng th

NH CAP CU NGNG TIM - NGNG TH A NEU TREN


AN TOAN LAO ONG Cac yeu to tac hai nghe nghiep Cac bien phap ky thuat an toan THIET B CHE CHAN ong tac I ong tac III ong tac IV ong tac VGhi chu ong tac I e nan nhan nam nga ong tac II ong tac III ong tac IV ong tac V Ghi chu PHAC O CAP CU NGNG TIM ong tac I ong tac II ong tac III ong tac IV ong tac V PHAC O CAP CU IEN GIATong tac I ong tac II ong tac III

an toan lao dong

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