analysing tax compliance with administrative data in rwanda

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Analysing tax compliance with administra5ve data in Rwanda Giulia Mascagni, Nara Monkam, Denis Mukama, Christopher Nell ICTD Annual Mee-ng February 2016

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Page 1: Analysing tax compliance with administrative data in Rwanda

Analysing  tax  compliance  with  administra5ve  data  in  Rwanda  

Giulia  Mascagni,  Nara  Monkam,  Denis  Mukama,  Christopher  Nell      

ICTD  Annual  Mee-ng  February  2016  

Page 2: Analysing tax compliance with administrative data in Rwanda

Part  1  Ini5al  descrip5ve  results  

 

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Page 3: Analysing tax compliance with administrative data in Rwanda

Tax  types  in  Rwanda  •  VAT  and  PAYE  largest  contributors  •  Decline  in  interna-onal  trade  taxes  •  Small  share  of  PIT  and  CIT:  compliance?  

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Page 4: Analysing tax compliance with administrative data in Rwanda

Tax  collec5ons  by  size  

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•  60%  PIT  (real)  collec-on  from  top  10%  •  85%  CIT  (real)  collec-on  from  top  10%  

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Tax  by  loca5on  

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Page 6: Analysing tax compliance with administrative data in Rwanda

Losses  and  nil-­‐filers  

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Page 7: Analysing tax compliance with administrative data in Rwanda

Audit  rates  •  By  tax  types:  

–  VAT  about  10%    –  PIT  about  3%  –  CIT  about  2%  

•  Mostly  taxpayers  registered  in  Kigali  •  Mostly  large  and  top-­‐medium  taxpayers  

•  Results  feed  into  Experiment  1  –  Loca-on,  stra-fica-on,  …  

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Page 8: Analysing tax compliance with administrative data in Rwanda

Compliance  gap  •  Range  of  compliance  based  on  audit  data  

–  Probably  closer  to  upper  bound  •  Higher  compliance  gap  in  PIT,  then  CIT,  then  VAT,  lastly  PAYE  •  Larger  for  small  and  medium  and  outside  of  Kigali  

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Page 9: Analysing tax compliance with administrative data in Rwanda

Effec5ve  tax  rates  •  Calculated  as  tax  payable  /  overall  income  •  Progressive  on  paper  but  regressive  in  prac-ce  

•  Lower  rate  in  the  real  regime  vs.  lump  sum  –  Compliance  costs  –  Enforcement  pressure  –  Audit  probability  

•  More  work  to  be  done  

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Page 10: Analysing tax compliance with administrative data in Rwanda

Part  2  Overview  of  experiments  

Page 11: Analysing tax compliance with administrative data in Rwanda

Overview  of  experiments  •  Iden-fying  drivers  of  compliance  •  Effec-veness  of  RRA  communica-ons  and  delivery  mode  

•  Pilot  of  possible  future  interven-on  •  Possibility  of  scaling  up  if  successful  •  Varia-ons  in:  

–  Informa-on  available  to  taxpayers  –  Taxpayer’s  percep-ons  –  Not  actual  tax  parameters  (e.g.  audit  rates)  

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Page 12: Analysing tax compliance with administrative data in Rwanda

Experiment  1  •  Pilot  for  bigger  experiment  2  •  Treatment  lecer  (1,000):  

–  Informa-on  about  sanc-ons:  higher  if  caught  by  audit,  lower  is  self  disclose  

–  In  3  languages    •  Outcome:  revisions  (amount  and  probability)  •  Data  being  analysed  –  no  results  yet  •  Lessons  learned  

–  Taxpayers  reac-ons:  stories  –  Process  of  lecer  prepara-on  and  dissemina-on  –  Personalisa-on  

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Page 13: Analysing tax compliance with administrative data in Rwanda

Experiment  1  leNer  

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Page 14: Analysing tax compliance with administrative data in Rwanda

Experiment  2  •  Treatment  lecers:  

–  Deterrence  message  –  Public  service  and  self-­‐reliance  –  Control:  reminder  of  deadlines  

•  Delivery  methods:  –  Lecers  for  CIT  –  Emails  for  CIT  –  SMS  for  CIT  and  PIT  

•  Timeline:  tax  filing  period  •  Outcome:  reported  income  in  2014  return  •  Data  to  be  analysed  star-ng  in  April  2016  

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Page 15: Analysing tax compliance with administrative data in Rwanda

Deterrence  Do  you  know  that  if  you  do  not  declare  and  pay  your  taxes  on  6me,  RRA  can  fine  and  possibly  prosecute  you?  

Pay  your  taxes  on  6me  and  avoid  fines  and  penal6es.  

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Page 16: Analysing tax compliance with administrative data in Rwanda

Public  services  message  By  paying  your  taxes  you  make  it  possible  to  educate  our  children,  fund  our  healthcare,  and  keep  us  safe.    Pay  taxes.  Build  Rwanda.  Be  proud.  

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Page 17: Analysing tax compliance with administrative data in Rwanda

Now  fully  implemented!!!  

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Page 18: Analysing tax compliance with administrative data in Rwanda

Final  reflec5ons  •  Teamwork  

•  Mutual  learning  –  Research  methods  –  Context  and  prac-ce  of  tax  in  Rwanda  

•  Confiden-ality  

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Page 19: Analysing tax compliance with administrative data in Rwanda

Thank  you!