anatomi dan fisiologi tht drda
TRANSCRIPT
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ANATOMI DAN FISIOLOGI THT
Dr. Dwi Antono, Sp.THT-KL
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Anatomi Telinga
Telinga terdiri dari :
I. Telinga luar
II. Telinga tengah
III. Telinga dalam
I. Telinga luar :
1. aurikula
2. Kanalis auditorius eksterna
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I. Telinga Luar
1. Daun Telinga1. Helix
2. Lobule
3. Anti Tragus
4. Tragus
5. concha
6. Can. Aud. Ext
7. Crus of Helix
8. Antihelix
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2. Liang Telinga Luar- kanalis auditoris eksternus- meatus akustikus eksternus
Terdiri :1. Bagian Tulang rawan
- 1/3 bag. Lateral (+ 8 mm)- terdapat rambut, kel sebacea, kel. Sudorifera ( kel. Seruminosa)
2. Bagian Tulang- 2/3 bag. Medial (+ 16 mm)- tidak ada rambut/ kelenjar
3. Penyempitan (isthmus)- pada “junctura cartilago-ossea”
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II. Telinga Tengah :
1. membrana timpani
2. kavum timpani
3. tuba eustakhii
4. mastoid
III. Telinga dalam
1. Labirintus oseus
2. labirintus membranaseus
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1. Membrana Timpani
Terdiri :
a. Pars flasida/ shrapnell’s membrane
2 lapis : stratum kutaneum
stratum mukosum
b. Pars tensa
3 lapis : stratum kutaneum
stratum fibrosum
stratum mukosum
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2. Kavum Timpani- bentuk kubus ireguler- volume : + 0,25 cc- berhubungan dg nasofaring melalui tuba auditiva- berhubungan dg antrum mastoid melalui aditus ad antrum
Isi kavum timpani ( viscera timpani ) :
1. Tulang pendengaran : maleus, inkus, stapes
2. Ligamen : malei lateralis, malei superior3. Tendo otot : tensor timpani dan
stapedius4. Saraf : korda timpani , n stapedius
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3. Tuba auditiva/ tuba eustakhii - menghubungkan kavum timpani-nasofaring - Terdiri dari 2 bagian :
1. pars osseus : - 1/3 bagian lateral (12 mm)- Selalu terbuka
2. Pars Kartilaginosa :- 2/3 bagian medial (+ 24 mm)- Selalu tertutup, terbuka bila ada kontaksi
m. tensor veli palatini dan m. tensor timpani
- Tuba anak-anak : lebih pendek, lebar, horisontal
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Mastoid
- Dibentuk oleh pars squamosa & pars petrosa- Disini melekat :
a. M sternokleido mastoideus
b. M. digatricus venter posterior
- Terdiri dari antrum dan rongga-rongga udara yang disebut selule
- Antrum sudah ada sejak lahir, sedang selulae terbentuk sejak kehidupan tahun-tahun pertama sampai pada tahun ke 5-6
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Telinga Dalam = Auris Interna = Labirin
Terdiri 2 bagian :
1. Tulang : labirinthus osseus
2. Membran : labirinthus membranaceus
Lab. Membr. Terdapat di dalam lab. osseus
Diantara keduanya terdapat perilympe
Sedangkan di dalam lb. Membr. Terdapat endolympe
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Labirin OsseusTerdiri 3 bagian :1. Cochlea
seperti rumah siput, terletak di depan, bangunan 2 ½ lingkaran
2. Vestibulum : terletak di tengah3. Kanalis Semisirkularis
- kanalis sem. Horisontal/ lateralis- kanalis sem. Superior/ anterior- kanalis sem. Inferior/ posterior
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Labirin Membranaceus
Terdapat di dalam labirin osseus dengan pemisah perilympe; berisi endolimpe
Terdiri dari :
1. Duktus koklearis : di dalam koklea
2. Sakulus & utrikulus : didalam vestibulum
3. Duktus semisirkularis : didalam kanalis semisirkularis
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Fungsi Telinga : 1. Alat pendengaran 2. Alat keseimbangan 3. Alat kosmetik 4. Alat seksual
Pelaku fungsi :1. Pendengaran :
a. Telinga luar (DT & LTL)b. Telinga tengah (MT, TP, & tuba)c. Telinga dalam (koklea)
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2. Keseimbangan :
Telinga dalam (vestibulum dan KSS)
3. Kosmetik
Telinga luar (daun telinga)
4. Seksual
Aurikula dan preaurikula
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Komponen Suara
1. Amplitudo/intensitas: Kekerasan Suara Watt/cm2 dB (deci Bell)
2. Frekuensi/nada : Ketinggian suara CPS/Hertz (Hz)
3. Pitch/desah : Beberapa buku mengidentikkan dengan
frekuensi
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Suara yang bisa didengar:
Suara yang bisa didengar :
1. Berintensitas : 0 s/d 120 dB
2. Berfrekuensi : 25 s/d 16000 Hz
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Pembagian sistem pendengaran :I. SP perifer
A. Sistem konduksi1. Telinga luar (DT & LTL)2. Telinga tengah (MT & TP)
B. Sistem sensorineural1. Telinga dalam (koklea)2. N. VIII(N. koklearis)
II. SP sentralA. Batang otakB. Otak
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Bagan Proses Mendengar
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FUNGSI KESEIMBANGAN
Mengatur dan mengendalikan sikap dan gerak tubuh. Dengan keseimbangan yang baik orang akan bisa:
Mempertahankan sikap/posisi Melakukan gerak dengan lancar
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• Struktur alat keseimbangan
1. Alat keseimbangan vestibuler
a. Sentral : Otak
b. Perifer : Labirin bagian
dorsal
2. Alat keseimbangan non
vestibuler
a. Mata
b. Kulit, otot dan sendi
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HIDUNG
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HIDUNG LUAR
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Hidung Luar
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Hidung Dalam
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Vaskularisasi
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Vaskularisasi Septum Nasi
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Fungsi hidung
Jalan nafas
Penciuman
Air conditioning
Penyaringan /proteksi
Resonansi
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Diagnostic Procedures
Physical examination Should be performed with appropriate
lighting and use of nasal speculum
normal oedema
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The ostiomeatal complex
Collection term :• Uncinate P(UP)• Ethmoid Bulla(EB)• Infundibulum• Hiatus semilunaris
(HS)• Frontal recess• Ost. Sin maxilla
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Sinus Paranasal
4 SINUS PARA NASAL
1. Sinus Frontal
2. Sinus Sphenoid
3. Sinus Ethmoid
4. Sinus Maksila
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Fungsi sinus
– Air conditioning – Keseimbangan kepala– Menjaga suhu– Resonansi
• Fungsi normal sinus tergantung pd ventilasi & drainase yg baik
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TENGGOROK
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Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laringopharynx
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F A R I N G
ANATOMII. Nasofaring (Epifaring)
Batas :Depan: KoanaAtas : Basis kraniiBelakang : Vertebra servikalLateral : dinding med. leherBawah : palatum mole
Bangunan :1. Ostium tuba2. Adenoid3. Fosa Rosenmulleri4. Ismus nasofaring5. Torus tubarius
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II. OROFARING (Mesofaring)
Batas :Depan : Kavum OrisAtas : Palatum MoleBelakang : Vertebra servikal 2,3Lateral : Dinding med. leherBawah : EPiglotid
Bangunan :1. Tonsila palatina2. Fosa supra tonsil3. Tonsila lingualis
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III. LARINGOFARING (HIPOFARING)
Batas :Depan : EpiglotisAtas : Orofaring
(Tepi atas epiglotis)Belakang : Vertebra servikal 3,4,5,6Lateral : Dinding med. leherBawah : Bag. Depan : Kriko
Bag. Blk. : Porta esofagusBangunan :1. Laring (Depan)2. Fosa (sinus) piriformis3. Valekula
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MUKOSA FARING
• Nasofaring :
Superior : kolumner pseudo-komplek +
silia.
Inferior : transisional / kolumner
kompleks.
• Orofaring Skuamuskompleks.
• Laringofaring
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OTOT-OTOT FARING
1. Ekternal : Konstriktor faring- Superior- Media- Inferior
2. Internal- Stilofaring- Palatofaring- Salfingofaring- Palatoglosus- Levator vili palatini
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FISIOLOGI
Fungsi laring :
1. Fonasi / Suara
2. Respirasi : Monitor dg perasat Jackson ( I- IV)
3. Proteksi : ggn fungsi batuk & tersedak
4. Tusif
5. Ekspektoran
6. Deglutasi
7. Fiksasi
8. Sirkulasi fiksasi
9. Emosi
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FASE MENELAN
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Anatomi THT
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Anatomi Laring
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Otot Ekstrinsik LaringAnterior view
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Otot Intrinsik Laring
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Arteri dan Vena Laring
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TERIMAKASIH