anatomy and morphology of the tooth.ppt

هذا الملف ما هو إال اجتهاد مني بتجميع عدة محاضرات من أكثر من موقع وترتيبها بهذا

الشكل.بالنسبة للترتيب فهو اعتماد على تصوير ألحد

الزمالء, بارك الله فيه, أثناء متابعته لشرح الدكتور قصي بالمحاضرة.

بعض الشرائح عبارة عن صور لعدم استطاعتي تحميل المواد من المواقع بسبب

حقوق الملكية.من أراد اإلطالع وتحميل الملفات التي

اعتمدت عليها في تجميع هذا الملف الدخول على هذه الروابط:

http://www.4shared.com/file/Et2dmfM_/2_online.html?

http://www.4shared.com/office/B4Xz4PRk/Tooth_eruption.html?

Anatomy andباإلضافة إلى ملف محاضرة morphologyبالمستوى الثالث

أخوكم فهد )أبو يزن(





Types of DentitionTypes of DentitionTypes of DentitionTypes of Dentition

1. Deciduous (baby) teeth1. Deciduous (baby) teeth

a. Twenty ( 20) primary teeth.a. Twenty ( 20) primary teeth.

b. Arches - maxillary and mandibular.b. Arches - maxillary and mandibular.

c. Quadrants - each arch divided in half.c. Quadrants - each arch divided in half.

(1) Maxillary right and left.(1) Maxillary right and left.

(2) Mandibular right and left.(2) Mandibular right and left.

Enamel is thinner, pulp is thicker

d. Teeth in each quadrant.

(1) Central incisor

(2) Lateral incisor

(3) Cuspid

(4) 1st molar

(5) 2nd molar

Deciduous TeethDeciduous Teeth

Types of DentitionTypes of DentitionTypes of DentitionTypes of Dentition

2. Permanent teeth.2. Permanent teeth.

a. Thirty-two (32) permanent a. Thirty-two (32) permanent teeth. teeth.

b. Arches - maxillary b. Arches - maxillary & mandibular. & mandibular.

R L

c. Quadrants.c. Quadrants.

(1) Maxillary right and left.(1) Maxillary right and left.

(2) Mandibular right and left.(2) Mandibular right and left.R L

Permanent TeethPermanent Teeth

d.d. Teeth in each quadrant.Teeth in each quadrant.

(1) Central incisor.(1) Central incisor.

(2) Lateral incisor.(2) Lateral incisor.

(3) Cuspid (canine).(3) Cuspid (canine).


(4) 1st bicuspid(4) 1st bicuspid

(5) 2nd bicuspid(5) 2nd bicuspid

(6) 1st molar(6) 1st molar

(7) 2nd molar(7) 2nd molar

(8) 3rd molar(8) 3rd molar

(wisdom tooth)(wisdom tooth)


1.1.Palmer Notation SystemPalmer Notation System

2.2.Universal SystemUniversal System

3.3.International FDI SystemInternational FDI System )two digit system()two digit system(

Tooth Identification Tooth Identification SystemsSystems

Numbering or Coding SystemsNumbering or Coding Systems

1 - 81 - 8

1 1

1-Palmer Notation System1-Palmer Notation System

2 34

5

6

7

8

234

5

6

7

8

1 23

45

6

7

8

Right Leftfor Permanent Teethfor Permanent Teeth

8 - 18 - 1

8 - 18 - 1

1 - 81 - 8

The permanent teeth are numbered from 1-8 on each side from the

midline.

Upper right Upper left 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5

6 7 8

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Lower right Lower

left

Horizontal and vertical lines = symbol for the quadrant

It represents the four quadrants of the dentition

as if you are facing the patient.

In upper right In upper left

In lower right In lower left

A BC

D

E

Palmer Notation SystemPalmer Notation Systemfor Primary Teethfor Primary Teeth

E-AE-A

E-AE-A

A-EA-E

A-EA-E

The deciduous teeth are lettered from A-E on each side from the midline

Upper right Upper left

E D C B A A B C D E

E D C B A A B C D E

Lower right Lower left

Palmer Notation SystemPalmer Notation System

2-The International Numbering System

“FDI”“FDI” Federation Dentaire InternationalFederation Dentaire International )the two digit system(The teeth are designated by using two-

digits:

a. The first digit of the code is located at the left side of the number and indicates the quadrant:

In permanent dentition In deciduous In permanent dentition In deciduous dentitiondentition

U.R. 1 2 U.L. U.R. 5 6

U.L L.R. 4 3 L. L. L.R. 8 7

L.L.

2-2-International International

System System

)Two Digit )Two Digit System(System(

“FDI”“FDI” Federation Federation Dentaire Dentaire

International International

1112131415

1617

18

21 222324

25262728

31323334

35

36

37

38

414243

444546

47

48

1 2

34

For permanent TeethFor permanent Teeth

First Digit = quadrantFirst Digit = quadrant

Permanent teeth

18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38

b- The second digit is located at the right side of the number

and indicates the number of the tooth in the quadrant. The two digits should be pronounced separately.

Second Digit = Tooth number in the quadrantSecond Digit = Tooth number in the quadrant

For Primary TeethFor Primary Teeth

5 6

78

First Digit = quadrantFirst Digit = quadrant 5 6

78

5152

53

54

55

6162

63

64

65

71 7273

74

75

8182

84

83

85

2-2-International International

System System

)Two Digit )Two Digit System(System(

“FDI”“FDI” Federation Federation Dentaire Dentaire

International International


Primary Teeth

55 54 53 52 51 61 62 63 64 65

85 84 83 82 81 71 72 73 74 75


Second Digit = Tooth number in the quadrantSecond Digit = Tooth number in the quadrant

5 6

78

For Primary TeethFor Primary Teeth

Universal Universal system system

for for PermanePermanent Teethnt Teeth

Universal Universal System System

for Primary for Primary TeethTeeth

Mixed Dentition: Presence of both dentitionsMixed Dentition: Presence of both dentitions

Figure from Ten Cate’s Oral Histology, Ed., Antonio Nanci, 6Figure from Ten Cate’s Oral Histology, Ed., Antonio Nanci, 6 thth edition edition

Remember that during all these 3 stages is the progression thatRemember that during all these 3 stages is the progression thathappens from primary to permanent dentition which involves thehappens from primary to permanent dentition which involves theshedding (exfoliation) of primary teethshedding (exfoliation) of primary teeth

Dentition:Dentition: Diphodont: two sets of dentition in humansDiphodont: two sets of dentition in humansPrimaryPrimary vs Secondary dentition vs Secondary dentitionDeciduous vs Deciduous vs PermanentPermanent dentition dentitionMixed dentition: presence of two dentitionMixed dentition: presence of two dentition

Teeth in primary dentition are smaller and fewer in number thanTeeth in primary dentition are smaller and fewer in number thanpermanent dentition to conform to the smaller jaw sizepermanent dentition to conform to the smaller jaw size

Primary dentition: ~ 2 to 6 years of agePrimary dentition: ~ 2 to 6 years of ageMixed dentition: ~ 6 to 12 yearsMixed dentition: ~ 6 to 12 yearsPermanent dentition: > 12 yearsPermanent dentition: > 12 years

Source: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/dental/d9903/lectures/lecture4.pdf

The rate of tooth eruption depends on the phase of movementThe rate of tooth eruption depends on the phase of movement

Intraosseous phase: 1 to 10 Intraosseous phase: 1 to 10 µm/dayµm/day

Extraosseous phase: 75 Extraosseous phase: 75 μμm/daym/day

Environmental factors affecting the final position of the tooth:Environmental factors affecting the final position of the tooth:Muscular forcesMuscular forcesThumb-suckingThumb-sucking

Clinical crown:Clinical crown: During eruption, the exposed crown extending During eruption, the exposed crown extendingfrom the cusp tip to the area of the gingival attachmentfrom the cusp tip to the area of the gingival attachment

Anatomic crown:Anatomic crown: Entire crown, extending from cusp tip to the Entire crown, extending from cusp tip to thecementoenamel (CE) junctioncementoenamel (CE) junction

Sequence and chronology of tooth eruptionSequence and chronology of tooth eruption

Source: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/dental/d9903/lectures/lecture4.pdfSource: http://www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/dental/d9903/lectures/lecture4.pdf

The six/four rule for primary tooth emergenceThe six/four rule for primary tooth emergenceFour teeth emerge for each 6 months of ageFour teeth emerge for each 6 months of age

1.1. 6 months: 4 teeth (lower centrals & upper centrals)6 months: 4 teeth (lower centrals & upper centrals)2.2. 12 months: 8 teeth (1. + upper laterals & lower laterals)12 months: 8 teeth (1. + upper laterals & lower laterals)3.3. 18 months: 12 teeth (2. + upper 118 months: 12 teeth (2. + upper 1stst molars & loer 1 molars & loer 1stst molars) molars)4.4. 24 months: 16 teeth (3. + upper canines & lower canines)24 months: 16 teeth (3. + upper canines & lower canines)5.5. 30 months: 20 teeth (4. + lower 230 months: 20 teeth (4. + lower 2ndnd molars & upper 2 molars & upper 2ndnd molars) molars)

SummarySummary

1.1. By 5 months in utero, all crowns started calcificationBy 5 months in utero, all crowns started calcification2.2. By 1 year old, all crowns completed formationBy 1 year old, all crowns completed formation3.3. By 2.5 years, all primary teeth eruptedBy 2.5 years, all primary teeth erupted4.4. By 4 years old, all primary teeth completed root formationBy 4 years old, all primary teeth completed root formation


Chronology of Human Permanent DentitionChronology of Human Permanent Dentition


The rules of “Fours” for permanent toothThe rules of “Fours” for permanent tooth development (3development (3rdrd molars not included) molars not included)

At birth, four 1At birth, four 1stst molars have initiated calcification molars have initiated calcificationAt 4 years of age, all crowns have initiated calcificationAt 4 years of age, all crowns have initiated calcificationAt 8 years, all crowns are completedAt 8 years, all crowns are completedAt 12 years, all crowns emergeAt 12 years, all crowns emergeAt 16 years, all roots are completeAt 16 years, all roots are complete


Rules of “sixes” in dental developmentRules of “sixes” in dental development

6 weeks old in utero: beginning of dental development6 weeks old in utero: beginning of dental development6 months old: emergence of the first primary tooth6 months old: emergence of the first primary tooth6 years old: emergence of first permanent tooth6 years old: emergence of first permanent tooth


Problems of Primary Tooth EruptionProblems of Primary Tooth Eruption

Natal and Neonatal TeethNatal and Neonatal Teeth

Submerged primary teethSubmerged primary teeth

Hyper or supra eruptionHyper or supra eruption

AnkylosisAnkylosis

Source: Color atlas of clinical oral pathology. Neville, Damm and White. 2Source: Color atlas of clinical oral pathology. Neville, Damm and White. 2 ndnd edition edition

Congenitally Missing Congenitally Missing TeethTeeth

Cleidocranial DysplasiaCleidocranial Dysplasia

Osteopetrosis – Defect in OsteoclastsOsteopetrosis – Defect in Osteoclasts

anatomy and morphology of the tooth.ppt

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