1. Unit 3 Notes:The Urinary/ExcretorySystem

2. (1) Main OrgansKidneysUretersBladderUrethra 3. (2) Functions Filter blood Remove impurities, toxins,excess nutrients Reabsorb needed water +nutrients 4. (3) Ureter, Bladder &Urethra Function Ureters:Tubes which carry filtered liquid waste towardsthe bladder. Bladder:Storage tank for filtered liquid waste. Urethra:Tube which allows filtered liquid waste to exitbody. 5. (4) Nephrons The nephrons are the filtering units inside thekidneys. 2 Main Structures: Glomerulus Bundle of capillaries w/ blood to befiltered. Renal Tubule Tubes following capillaries, whichcollect filtered contents Bowmans CapsulePortion of tubule where initialfiltration and absorption occurs 6. (5) Urine Formation Steps1- Filtration: Water + Small Solutes are forced through capillary wallsinto Bowmans Capsule.2- Reabsorption: Water, Glucose, Amino Acids & Ions that were filteredout are actively transported back into capillaries andblood.3- Secretion: H ions, K ions, urea, and drugs/toxins are forced throughcapillary walls into renal tubule. 7. (6) Regulating Drops inBlood Pressure Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) from Pituitary: Increases water reabsorption from renal tubule. Aldosterone from Kidney: Increases water retention in blood byreabsorbing more sodium from renal tubule. Angiotensin II from Blood: Causes vasoconstriction, increasing bloodpressure. 8. (7) Dont Pee It Out Glucose Chill out on sweets OR Diabetic?! Protein Increased Physical Activity &Pregnancy OR Hypertension & NephronDisease?! Pus Urinary Tract Infection Blood Kidney Stones, Infection, Trauma,Anemia ?! Bile Liver Disease?! 9. (12) Kidney Dialysis Used in hospitals when kidneys fail (stop working) Blood is filtered through mechanical pump +tubing which regulates contents Causes for Kidney Failure: Repeated kidney infections Physical TraumaHeavy Metal / Chemical poisoning Low Blood delivery (arteriosclerosis)