andina q132 oct09 (2)

SGS -Chile Puerto Madero 9600 Parque Industrial Puerto Santiago, Pudahuel, Santiago Chile Tel: +56-2-747 0140 Fax: +56-2-747 0144 www.sgs.com

Member of the SGS Group (SGS SA)

An Investigation by QEMSCANTM into

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FFRROOMM TTHHEE AANNDDIINNAA PPRROOJJEECCTT

prepared for

AAMMIINNPPRROO

Project OL4320 Q132 Report n1 October 1, 2009

Andina OL4320-Q132

SGS Minerals Services

ii

Table of Contents

Page No.

Table of Contents ii

List of Tables iii

List of Figures iii

INTRODUCTION iv

1 Sample Receipt and Preparation 5

2. QEMSCAN Setup, Operational Modes and Quality Control 5

3. Modal Analysis and Grain Size Distribution 3

4. Copper Ocurrence 4

5. Liberation 11

5.1. Chalcopyrite Liberation 11

5.2. Molybdenite Liberation 12

6. Associations 14

6.1. Chalcopyrite Association 15

6.2. Molybdenite Association 18

Summary of Results 20

Appendix : Assay Reconciliation 21

Andina OL4320-Q132


iii

List of Tables

Table 1: Sample Identification 5

Table 2: Summary of Operational Statistics 6

Table 3: Modal Analysis and Grain Size Distribution 8

List of Figures

Figure 1: QEMSCANTM

and Direct Assay Reconciliation 6

Figure 2: Bulk Modal Distribution 9

Figure 3: Elemental Cu Deportment as CuT (left). Cu Distribution at 100% (right) 10

Figure 4: Chalcopyrite Liberation in Samples 11

Figure 5: Image Grid of Chalcopyrite Liberation 12

Figure 6: Molybdenite Liberation in Sample 13

Figure 7: Image Grid of Molybdenite Liberation 13

Figure 8: Chalcopyrite Association Distribution 15

Figure 9: Image Grid of Chalcopyrite Associations 16

Figure 10: Examples of Chalcopyrite in association with Pyrite 16

Figure 11: Examples of Chalcopyrite in association with Hard Silicates 17

Figure 12: Examples of Chalcopyrite in association with A) Hard Silicates/Phyllosilicates and B)

Phyllosilicates

17

Figure 13: Examples of Chalcopyrite in association with Fe-Ti Oxides/Oxyhydroxides 17

Figure 14: Molybdenite Association Distribution 18

Figure 15: Image Grid of Molybdenite Associations 19

Andina OL4320-Q132


iv

Introduction

This summary report describes a mineralogical test program using QEMSCANTM technology

(Quantitative Evaluation of Materials by Scanning Electron Microscopy), conducted in one feed

sample of the ore from Andina project, and submitted by Peter Ameluxen. The purpose of this

test program was to identify mineralogical characteristics, as liberation and association of the

sample. This program was conducted concurrently with the metallurgical test program OL4320,

led by Cecilia Gonzlez.

Mauricio Belmar, Ph.D. Project Mineralogist Advanced Mineralogy Facility Leticia Villagrn Mendoza Geologist Advanced Mineralogy Facility

Sample Preparation by: J. Diaz QEMSCAN

TM Operation by: L. Villagrn

Data Processing by: L. Villagrn Report preparation by: L. Villagrn

Andina OL4320-Q132


5

Testwork Summary

1. Sample Receipt and Preparation

One (1) sample from the Andina project identified as Feed was received by the Mineralogy

Department and assigned the LIMS number OL4320 Q132. Sample identification is present in

Table 1. A portion of each fraction was submitted for chemical analyses (Cu, Fe, Mo, S) for

data validation and reconciliation purposes. These results are presented in the assay

reconciliation section of this report.

One graphite-impregnated polished epoxy grain mount was prepared. This polished section was

submitted for analyses using QEMSCANTM technology.

Table 1: Samples Identification

Sample Identification

Alimentacion Linea Convencional 30%Alimentacion Linea Sag 70%

Comp Alim Ro1

4320 - Q132 Andina

2. QEMSCANTM Setup, Operational Modes and Quality Control

The polished sections were analysed using the Particle Mineralogical Analysis (PMA) method in

order to ensure that all copper-bearing minerals, including non sulphides minerals, were

characterized. This method is a particle mapping mode of measurement which allows for

complete mineralogical analysis of the samples and also for a robust determination of the bulk

mineralogy, with minerals identities and proportions, along with average grain size

measurement. The PMA mode also provides an analysis of the special details of minerals,

including liberation and association details.

For the sample, 19.251 particles were analysed using the PMA mode of operation, creating

862.382 points from which the mineralogical info has been derived. The operational statistics of

these analyses are presented in Table 2.

Andina OL4320-Q132


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Table 2: Summary of Operational Statistics

Batch ID

SIP ID

Analysis Type PMA

Fraction Sections Pixel Particle Points

m No. Size (m) No. No.

Comp Alim Ro -212/+3um 1 4,0 19251 862382

Q132

STGO_1

Sample

y = 0,5538x

R2 = 0,9592

0,01

0,1

1

10

100

0,01 0,1 1 10 100

QEMSCAN Assay (%)

Ch

em

ical

Assay (

%)

Cu

Fe

Mo

S

Figure 1: QEMSCANTM and Direct Assay Reconciliation

Key QEMSCANTM mineralogical assays have been regressed with the chemical assays, as

presented in Figure 1. Overall correlation, as measured by R-squared criteria was 0,9592 with

a slope 0,5538. This is considered to be acceptable. Full QEMSCANTM and direct chemical

assays are presented in Appendix.

Andina OL4320-Q132


7

3. Modal Analysis and Grain Size Distribution

A graphical summary of the particle modal analyses of the Andina project is presented in Figure

2. Full mineral distribution analyses of this sample are presented in Table 3.

The Comp Alim Ro sample is mainly composed by Quartz (35,68 wt.%), Sericite/Muscovite

(19,19 wt.%), K-Feldspar (18,45 wt.%), Plagioclase/Albite (8,98 wt.%) and with lower values

Tourmaline (4,16 wt.%), Pyrite (2,81 wt.%), Fe Oxides/Oxyhydroxides (2,57 wt.%), Biotite (1,41

wt.%), Clays (1,41 wt.%, mainly Kaolinite). With trace amounts there are Chlorite, Zircon,

Apatite, Ti Oxides, Carbonates (Calcite, Siderite mainly) and Gypsum/Anhydrite.

The ore minerals in sample are Chalcopyrite (2,50 wt.%), Enargite (0,05 wt.%) and Molybdenite

(0,03 wt.%).

4. Copper Occurrence

Cu distribution by grade is presented in Figure 3.

The main copper sulphide is Chalcopyrite which represents almost 97 % of the copper in

sample. Also, copper occurs as Enargite (2,50 %) and as trace there are Covellite and

Chalcocite/Digenite.

Andina OL4320-Q132


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Table 3: Modal Analysis and Grain Size Distribution

Survey Name Andina

Id 4320 - Q132

Sample Name Comp Alim Ro

Fraction Name -212/+3um

Mass Size Dist. (%) 100

Particle Size 88

Mineral Chalcopyrite 2,50

Mass Enargite 0,05

(%) Other Cu Sulphides 0,01

Pyrite 2,81

Molybdenite 0,03

Other Sulphides 0,01

Quartz 35,68

K-Feldspar 18,45

Plagioclase/Albite 8,98

Tourmaline 4,16

Amphiboles 0,07

Sericite/Muscovite 19,19

Clays 1,41

Biotite 1,41

Chlorites 0,77

Zircon 0,02

Fe Oxides/Oxyhydroxides 2,57

Ti Oxides 0,94

Carbonates 0,75

Gypsum-Anhydrite 0,05

Apatite 0,14

Other 0,01

Total 100,00

Mean Chalcopyrite 33

Grain Enargite 16

Size Other Cu Sulphides 6

(m) Pyrite 37

Molybdenite 14

Other Sulphides 8

Quartz 45

K-Feldspar 21

Plagioclase/Albite 26

Tourmaline 30

Amphiboles 8

Sericite/Muscovite 20

Clays 7

Biotite 11

Chlorites 13

Zircon 9

Fe Oxides/Oxyhydroxides 24

Ti Oxides 18

Carbonates 14

Gypsum-Anhydrite 22

Apatite 19

Other 8

Andina OL4320-Q132


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Figure 2: Bulk Modal Distribution

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Sample

Min

era

l M

as

s (

%)

Other 0,04

Apatite 0,14

Gypsum-Anhydrite 0,05

Carbonates 0,75

Fe-Ti Oxides 3,51

Phyllosilicates 22,79

Tourmaline 4,16

Feldspar/Amphibole 27,50

Quartz 35,68

Molybdenite 0,03

Pyrite 2,81

Other Cu Sulphides 0,05

Chalcopyrite 2,50

Comp Alim Ro

Andina OL4320-Q132


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Figure 3: Elemental Cu Deportment as CuT (left). Cu Distribution at 100% in Sample (right).

0,00

0,20

0,40

0,60

0,80

1,00

Sample

Cu

Gra

de I

n S

am

ple

(%

)

Chalcocite 0,00

Covellite 0,00

Enargite 0,02

Chalcopyrite 0,85

Comp Alim Ro0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Sample

No

rmali

zed

Cu

Gra

de i

n S

am

ple

(%

)

Chalcocite 0,18

Covellite 0,37

Enargite 2,50

Chalcopyrite 96,95

Comp Alim Ro

Andina OL4320-Q132


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5. Liberation

Liberation analyses in composites samples are presented in this chapter. For the purposes of

this analysis, particle liberation is defined based on 2D particle area percent. Particles are

classified in the following groups (in descending order) based on mineral area percent: free

(>=95%), liberated (=80%), middling (=50%), sub-middling (=20%) and locked ( 20% 8,40

Chalcopyrite Mid > 50% 5,37

Liberated Chalcopyrite > 80% 22,07

Free Chalcopyrite 49,82

Comp Alim Ro

Figure 4: Chalcopyrite Liberation in Samples

Andina OL4320-Q132


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Background

Chalcopyrite

Enargite

Other Cu Sulphides

Pyrite

Molybdenite

Other Sulphides

Quartz

K-Feldspar

Plagioclase/Albite

Tourmaline

Amphiboles

Sericite/Muscovite

Clays

Biotite

Chlorites

Zircon

Fe Oxides/Oxyhydroxides

Ti Oxides

Carbonates

Gypsum-Anhydrite

Apatite

Other

Figure 5: Image Grid of Chalcopyrite Liberation

5.2 Molybdenite Liberation

Molybdenite Liberation is presented in Figure 6.

Molybdenite is 49,94 % liberated and 44,39 % locked.

Figure 7 shows image grid of Molybdenite liberation.

Andina OL4320-Q132


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0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Sample

% M

oly

bd

en

ite M

ass In

Sam

ple

Molybdenite Locked 44,39

Molybdenite Sub-Mid > 20% 2,78

Molybdenite Mid > 50% 0,00

Liberated Molybdenite > 80% 49,94

Free Molybdenite 2,89

Comp Alim Ro

Figure 6: Molybdenite Liberation in Sample

Background

Chalcopyrite

Enargite

Other Cu Sulphides

Pyrite

Molybdenite

Other Sulphides

Quartz

K-Feldspar

Plagioclase/Albite

Tourmaline

Amphiboles

Sericite/Muscovite

Clays

Biotite

Chlorites

Zircon


Ti Oxides

Carbonates

Gypsum-Anhydrite

Apatite

Other

Figure 7: Image Grid of Molybdenite Liberation

Andina OL4320-Q132


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6 Associations

Association characteristics are summarized in this chapter.

For the purposes of this study:

All association classes are defined based upon particle area percent. Each binary

classification is defined as containing greater than or equal to (> or =) 95 area% of the

mineral in study (Chalcopyrite or Molybdenite, etc), plus the specified mineral or

mineral group.

Categories containing only a single mineral name represent only the mineral specified

(for example Pyrite).

The Other Copper Sulphides group is comprised of all copper sulphides, excluding the

mineral in study.

The Phyllosilicates category is comprised of clay minerals, micas and chlorites.

The Hard Silicates group is comprised of K-Feldspar, Plagioclase/Albite, Quartz,

Tourmaline...

The Hard Silicates/Phyllosilicates group represents the mineral in study in association

with a Hard Silicates and with a Phyllosilicates.

The Fe-Ti Oxides/Oxyhydroxides category is comprised of Fe Oxides

(Magnetite/Hematite) and Ti Oxides (Rutile, Ilmenite).

Particles containing the mineral in study which occurs with a combination of any of the

associations described above fall into the Complex association class.

Andina OL4320-Q132


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6.1 Chalcopyrite Association

Chalcopyrite association is showed in Figure 8.

Chalcopyrite is mainly associated with Phyllosilicates (17,83 %), Hard Silicates/Phyllosilicates

(9,61 %), Fe-Ti Oxides/Oxyhydroxides (5,62 %), Hard Silicates (4,07 %) and Pyrite (2,72 %).

Complex association reaches 9,69 %.

Examples of Chalcopyrite associations are showed in Figure 9.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Sample

% C

halc

op

yri

te M

ass In

Sam

ple

Complex 9,69

Bin Chalcopyrite: Fe-Ti Ox./Oxyhydrox. 5,62

Bin Chalcopyrite: Hard Silicates/Phyllosilicates 9,61

Bin Chalcopyrite: Phylosillicates 17,83

Bin Chalcopyrite: Hard Silicates 4,07

Bin Chalcopyrite: Molybdenite 0,01

Bin Chalcopyrite: Others Cu Sulphides 0,64

Bin Chalcopyrite: Pyrite 2,72

Free Chalcopyrite 49,82

Comp Alim Ro

Figure 8: Chalcopyrite Association Distribution

Andina OL4320-Q132


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Figure 9: Image Grid of Chalcopyrite Associations

Examples of Chalcopyrite in association with Pyrite, Hard Silicates, Hard

Silicates/Phyllosilicates, Phyllosilicates and Fe-Ti Oxides/Oxyhydroxides are in Figures 10, 11,

12 and 13 respectively.

Figure 10: Examples of Chalcopyrite in association with Pyrite

Background

Chalcopyrite

Enargite

Other Cu Sulphides

Pyrite

Molybdenite

Other Sulphides

Quartz

K-Feldspar

Plagioclase/Albite

Tourmaline

Amphiboles

Sericite/Muscovite

Clays

Biotite

Chlorites

Zircon


Ti Oxides

Carbonates

Gypsum-Anhydrite

Apatite

Other

Andina OL4320-Q132


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Figure 11: Examples of Chalcopyrite in association with Hard Silicates

Figure 12: Examples of Chalcopyrite in association with A) Hard Silicates/Phyllosilicates and B) Phyllosilicates

Figure 13: Examples of Chalcopyrite in association with Fe-Ti Oxides/Oxyhydroxides

A

Background

Chalcopyrite

Enargite

Other Cu Sulphides

Pyrite

Molybdenite

Other Sulphides

Quartz

K-Feldspar

Plagioclase/Albite

Tourmaline

Amphiboles

Sericite/Muscovite

Clays

Biotite

Chlorites

Zircon


Ti Oxides

Carbonates

Gypsum-Anhydrite

Apatite

Other

B

Andina OL4320-Q132


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6.2 Molybdenite Association

Molybdenite association is showed in Figure 14.

Molybdenite in samples is mainly associated with Pyrite (49,44 %) and Hard Silicates (34,55 %),

specially Tourmaline and Quartz.

Examples of Molybdenite associations are in Figure 15.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Sample

% M

oly

bd

en

ite M

ass In

Sam

ple

Complex 12,09

Bin Moly: Hard Silicates 34,55

Bin Moly: Chalcopyrite 0,53

Bin Moly: Pyrite 49,94

Free Moly 2,89

Comp Alim Ro

Figure 14: Molybdenite Association Distribution

Andina OL4320-Q132


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Background

Chalcopyrite

Enargite

Other Cu Sulphides

Pyrite

Molybdenite

Other Sulphides

Quartz

K-Feldspar

Plagioclase/Albite

Tourmaline

Amphiboles

Sericite/Muscovite

Clays

Biotite

Chlorites

Zircon


Ti Oxides

Carbonates

Gypsum-Anhydrite

Apatite

Other

Figure 15: Image Grid of Molybdenite Associations

Andina OL4320-Q132


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Summary of Results

The QEMSCANTM mineralogical study of Feed sample of the ore mineral from Andina project

identified the following characteristics:

The Comp Alim Ro sample is mainly composed by silicates as Quartz,

Sericite/Muscovite, K-Feldspar and Plagioclase/Albite. With lower amounts there are

Tourmaline, Pyrite, Fe Oxides/Oxyhydroxides, Biotite and Clays (mainly Kaolinite). Main

ore minerals are Chalcopyrite and Molybdenite.

Copper occurs mostly as Chalcopyrite (97 %) and in second place as Enargite (2,50 %).

As trace there are Covellite and Chalcocite/Digenite.

Chalcopyrite in sample is mainly free and it is mostly in association with Phyllosilicates,

Complex, Hard Silicates/Phyllosilicates, Hard Silicates and Pyrite.

Molybdenite is mainly associated with Pyrite and Hard Silicates (as Tourmaline and

Quartz).

Andina OL4320-Q132


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Appendix - QEMSCANTM Data

OL4320-Q132

Assay Reconciliation

y = 0,5538x

R2 = 0,9592

0,01

0,1

1

10

100

0,01 0,1 1 10 100

QEMSCAN Assay (%)

Ch

em

ica

l A

ssay (

%)

Cu

Fe

Mo

S

Sample QEM Chem QEM Chem QEM Chem QEM Chem

Comp Alim Ro 0,87 0,85 5,42 3,11 0,02 0,02 2,40 1,94

Assays (%)

SMoCu Fe

andina q132 oct09 (2)

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