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AngerAnger

AngerAnger

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anger [, , ]

.

: , , , ,

, .

, anger

, .

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Anger

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SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONSOF

ANGER

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Mental Representations of Physiological

Reactions

,

.

- (Davitz, 1969)

- ,

(Shield, 1984)

-

(Lakeoff & Kovecses, 1987)Ex. hot under the collar, all steamed up

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Mental Representations of Physiological

Reactions

Lange (1885)

, - .

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Mental Representations of Physiological

Reactions

.

a. . (sensation) , . (Scherer & Wallbott, 1994); , , , .

[hot liquid metaphor] , . (Lakoff & Kovecses, 1987)

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Mental Representations of Physiological

Reactions

b. . (Averill, 1982, 1983; Gregen, 1985, Rim, Philippot &Cisamolo, 1990)

, , (social schemata) .

. , .

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Representations Emphasizing External,

Largely Causal, Influences

, ,

.

a. :

: Lange (1885), James (1890)

: .

Ex. , , , [] ,[] .

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Representations Emphasizing External,

Largely Causal, Influences

, , b. :

, [ ]

.

*

: Russell & Fehr (1994) .

[Prototype approach] - .

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AppraisalConceptions of Anger

[]

[]

:

.

, ,

[ ] . (Solomon, 1993)

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AppraisalConceptions of Anger

[]

a. Averill (1982, 1983)

- , , (syndrome) ( )

- (culturally determined)

- (object) .

- (ones self) (ones principles)

. (anger) (annoyance) .

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AppraisalConceptions of Anger

[]

b. Ortony, Clore & Collins (1988)

- .- , ;

(appropriate cognitive analyses)

.

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AppraisalConceptions of Anger

[]

*

:

- :

Ex.

.

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AppraisalConceptions of Anger

[]

c. Lazarus (1991)

- Lazarus Ortony, Clore, & Collins .

- 1 , 2

Ex. 1 :

- 2 :

-

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Emphasizing Goal-structured knowledge

[]

.

* Stein & Levine (1990; Stein, Trabasso & Liwag, 1993)

: ( )

.

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Prototypic Conceptions of Anger

,

(implicit model) (prototype) . .

a. Shaver et al. (1987)

-

- , ,

.

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Prototypic Conceptions of Anger

b. Russel & Fehr (1994)

- (emotion category) (intensity of the feeling) - (prototype) (emotion exemplar) :

(anger) (irritation) (annoyance) .

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SOME QUESTIONS ABOUT APRAISAL

ANALYSESOF ANGER

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There Are Exceptions

(appraisal theory)

.

- ;

. (Berkowitz, 1993a, b; 1994)

. .

Ex.

. (Averill, 1982,1983)

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Can Anger Arise Independently of Goal-oriented Evaluation?

?

..

. (Prototype approach [

])

.

Ex.

. (Stein & Levine, 1989)

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Aversive Event as AngerSources

.

[ ] : . (Berkowitz, 1993c; Fernandez & Turk, 1995)

, .

Ex. , , , .

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The Cognitive - Neoassociationistic Approach

-

: Berkowitz (1989, 1993 a, b, c)

cognitive-neoassociationistic (CNA) model

.

, , (), ,

, (feeling),

.

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A cognitive-neoassociationistic conception ofanger

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A cognitive-neoassociationistic conception ofanger

, ,

.

(flight syndrome) -

- .

: (fight) (flight)

. : ()

distress(, , ) .

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Some Questions

Berkowitz CNA model ()

: . (Clore et al, 1993)

Russell & Fehr (1994) Berkowitz Clore

: .

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EmotionalSyndromes as Associative Networks

CNA model [- ] (Berkowitz, 1993b)

- semantic network model of emotions [ ] (Bower,1981) ; .

- . .

,

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EmotionalSyndromes as Associative Networks

. (DuClos et al.,1989)

[

] .

* - () - . (Oatley & Johnson-Laird, 1996)

Ex. (hostility displacement)

: , .

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Responding to Possible Responses by Appraisal Theorists

. :

* . []

.

;

;

. (Panksepp, 1994)

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Responding to Possible Responses by Appraisal Theorists

* (negative affect) (mood) (emotion) ; , .

(mood) (emotion) ;

(mood-like)

(feeling) ; (mood-like) .

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ANGER EXPERIENCE AND BEHAVIOR

, .

, , , .(Clore et al., 1993)

; , (action readiness) .

- . (Frijda, Kuipers& ter Schure 1989, p 213)

Ex. : (angry) : ~ (moving against)

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ANGER EXPERIENCE AND BEHAVIOR

(action readiness) : (urge to attack or hurt someone)

() . (Izard, 1991)

: (Spielberger,1996)

1: ( I am furious )

2 : (I feel like screaming)

3 : (I feel like kicking somebody)

, .

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CONCLUSION

(eclectic approach) .

. .

, .

: , .

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CONCLUSION

( ) .

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The Myth of Emotional Venting

the venting hypothesis :

() ().

* hydraulic model[]:

[ Human Psyche a caldron of pressures demanding their release inaction and expression ]

(Solomon, quoted in Tomas, 1991, p. 32)

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The Myth of Emotional Venting

the venting hypothesis

1. The bigger the expression of distress the better.

.

2. The beneficial of distress expression are immediate.

.

3. The effects of distress expression are direct.

.

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The Myth of Emotional Venting

the venting hypothesis :

- the venting hypothesis (quantity) . (quality).

( ) .

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The Myth of Emotional Venting

(Tavris, 1984, 1989)

1.

2.

ex) empty-chair technique [ ]

3.