angol üzleti és turizmus - eu

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UnionUnion



EU SymbolsEU Symbols

On theOn the 9th of May 19509th of May 1950, Robert Schuman presented his proposal on the, Robert Schuman presented his proposal on thecreation of an organised Europe, indispensable to the maintenance of creation of an organised Europe, indispensable to the maintenance of peaceful relations.peaceful relations.

This proposal, known as the "Schuman declaration", is considered to be This proposal, known as the "Schuman declaration", is considered to bethe beginning of the creation of the European Union.the beginning of the creation of the European Union.

The flag The flag: There are twelve stars because the number twelve is traditionally : There are twelve stars because the number twelve is traditionally the symbol of perfection, completeness and unity. The flag thereforethe symbol of perfection, completeness and unity. The flag thereforeremains unchanged regardless of EU enlargements.remains unchanged regardless of EU enlargements.

A nthem A nthem: This is the anthem not only of the European Union but also of : This is the anthem not only of the European Union but also of

Europe in a wider sense. The melody comes from the Ninth Symphony Europe in a wider sense. The melody comes from the Ninth Symphony composed in 1823 by Ludwig Van Beethoven.composed in 1823 by Ludwig Van Beethoven.

MottoMotto: ´United in diversityµ: ´United in diversityµ



Dates of accessionDates of accession

19581958 Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg,Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands Netherlands

19731973 Denmark,Denmark, Ireland,Ireland, UnitedUnited KingdomKingdom

19811981 GreeceGreece19861986 Portugal,Portugal, SpainSpain

19951995 Austria,Austria, Finland,Finland, SwedenSweden

20042004 Cyprus,Cyprus, CzechCzech Republic,Republic, Estonia,Estonia, Hungary,Hungary, Latvia,Latvia,Lithuania,Lithuania, Malta,Malta, Poland,Poland, Slovakia,Slovakia, SloveniaSlovenia

20072007 Romania,Romania, BulgariaBulgaria

Further enlargement:Further enlargement: Croatia, TurkeyCroatia, Turkey



Accession criteriaAccession criteria

µCopenhagen criteria¶µCopenhagen criteria¶

InIn order order toto join join thethe Union,Union, candidatescandidates needneed toto fulfilfulfil thetheeconomiceconomic andand political political conditionsconditions knownknown asas thetheµCopenhagenµCopenhagen criteria¶,criteria¶, accordingaccording toto whichwhich aa prospective prospectivemember member mustmust::

bebe aa stablestable democracydemocracy,, respectingrespecting humanhuman rights,rights, thethe rulerule of of law,law, andand thethe protection protection of of minoritiesminorities;;

havehave aa functioningfunctioning marketmarket economyeconomy;;

adoptadopt thethe commoncommon rulesrules,, standardsstandards andand policies policies thatthat makemake upupthethe body body of of EUEU lawlaw..



Treaties and agreementsTreaties and agreements

European integration is based on four foundingEuropean integration is based on four founding

treaties:treaties:

19511951 TheThe TreatyTreaty of of ParisParis

19571957 TheThe TreatiesTreaties of of RomeRome

1991 1991 -- 93 The Maastricht Treaty93 The Maastricht Treaty



1951 The Treaty of Paris1951 The Treaty of Paris

TheThe TreatyTreaty establishedestablished thethe EuropeanEuropean CoalCoal andandSteelSteel CommunityCommunity ((ECSCECSC)) andand itit waswas signedsigned by bysixsix countriescountries::

Belgium, The Federal Republic of Germany,Belgium, The Federal Republic of Germany,France, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands.France, Italy, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands.

It was foundational in bringing together Europe inIt was foundational in bringing together Europe in peace after WW II. Some of the main enemies peace after WW II. Some of the main enemies

during the war were now sharing production of during the war were now sharing production of coal and steel, the key resources, which previouslycoal and steel, the key resources, which previouslyhad been central to the war effort.had been central to the war effort.



19571957 TheThe Treaties of RomeTreaties of Rome

TheThe European Economic CommunityEuropean Economic Community (EEC) and the(EEC) and the

European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom)European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom)

were created by Äthe Six´were created by Äthe Six´

Main Principles:Main Principles:

freefree tradetrade of of goodsgoods withinwithin aa commoncommon customscustoms unionunion

freefree competitioncompetition outlawingoutlawing cartels,cartels, monopoliesmonopolies andandgovernmentgovernment interventionintervention

freefree movementmovement of of peoplepeople,, servicesservices andand capitalcapital

agricultureagriculture shouldshould be be promoted promoted viavia CAPCAP (Common(CommonAgriculturalAgricultural Policy)Policy)



19911991: The Treaty on the EU: The Treaty on the EU

TheThe MaastrichtMaastricht treatytreaty createdcreated thethe TreatyTreaty oonn thetheEuropeanEuropean UnionUnion -- andand broughtbrought allall thethe differentdifferentorganisationsorganisations intointo aa singlesingle framework framework calledcalled thetheEUEU..

For the first time it also meant that theFor the first time it also meant that the citizens fromcitizens fromone EU country could travel and work freely inone EU country could travel and work freely inanother EU countryanother EU country..

The Treaty on theThe Treaty on the European UnionEuropean Union changed thechanged thename of the European Economic Community toname of the European Economic Community tosimply "the European Community".simply "the European Community".



MaastrichtMaastricht:: the three pillarsthe three pillars

This tThis treaty created a new structure withreaty created a new structure with threethree

"pillars"pillars" which" which areare::

thethe EuropeanEuropean CommunityCommunity,, includingincluding thethe

singlesingle marketmarket andand thethe EuroEuro

thethe CommonCommon ForeignForeign andand SecuritySecurity PolicyPolicy(CFSP)(CFSP)

thethe areaarea of of JusticeJustice andand HomeHome AffairsAffairs (JHA)(JHA)



TThe main bodies of the EUhe main bodies of the EU

ThereThere areare fivefive EUEU institutions,institutions, eacheach playingplaying aa specificspecific rolerole..

TheThe threethree mainmain decisiondecision--makingmaking institutionsinstitutions::

yyEuropeanEuropean ParliamentParliament (elected(elected by by thethe peoples peoples of of thethe Member Member States)States);;

yy CouncilCouncil of of thethe EuropeanEuropean UnionUnion (representing(representing thethe governmentsgovernments of of thetheMember Member States)States);;

yy EuropeanEuropean CommissionCommission (driving(driving forceforce andand executiveexecutive body) body);;

·· CourtCourt of of JusticeJustice (ensuring(ensuring compliancecompliance withwith thethe law)law);;

·· CourtCourt of of AuditorsAuditors (controlling(controlling soundsound andand lawfullawful managementmanagement of of thetheEUEU budget) budget)..



What does the EU doWhat does the EU do««

TheThe EUEU hashas onlyonly thethe powers powers itsits member member countriescountries givegive itit.. ItIt cancan work work inin onlyonlythosethose policy policy areasareas wherewhere itsits member member countriescountries decidedecide itit cancan..

TheThe mostmost importantimportant of of thesethese areasareas::

·· enablingenabling businessesbusinesses toto tradetrade freelyfreely andand peoplepeople toto work work wherewhere theytheywantwant

·· creatingcreating anan areaarea of of freedom,freedom, securitysecurity andand justice justice acrossacross EuropeEurope

·· helpinghelping poorerpoorer EUEU regionsregions

·· improvingimproving ourour environmentenvironment

·· supportingsupporting EUEU agricultureagriculture

·· givinggiving EuropeEurope aa strongerstronger voicevoice inin thethe worldworld·· workingworking togethertogether toto buildbuild securitysecurity

·· helpinghelping thethe membermember countriescountries toto coco--ordinateordinate theirtheir economiceconomic policiespolicies



TheThe EuroEuro

OnOn 1st January 19991st January 1999 eleven European Unioneleven European Unioncountries created a monetary union with a singlecountries created a monetary union with a single

currencycurrency Euro banknotes and coins entered circulation onEuro banknotes and coins entered circulation on 1st1st

January 2002January 2002

The Euro is the currency of thirteen EuropeanThe Euro is the currency of thirteen European

Union countries: Belgium, Germany, Greece,Union countries: Belgium, Germany, Greece,Spain, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, theSpain, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal and Finland. Netherlands, Austria, Portugal and Finland.,, andand,,since 2007 Sloveniasince 2007 Slovenia..



SchengenSchengen:: what is it about?what is it about?

The 1985The 1985 SchengenSchengen AgreementAgreement is an agreement amongis an agreement amongsome European states which allows for some European states which allows for

the abolition of systematic border controlsthe abolition of systematic border controlsbetween the participating countriesbetween the participating countries..

It also includes provisions onIt also includes provisions on::

thethe harmonization of external border controlsharmonization of external border controls, and, and

crosscross--border police coborder police co--operationoperation..



SchengenSchengen:: member countriesmember countries

Most EU states andMost EU states and three nonthree non--EU membersEU members

Iceland, Norway, and SwitzerlandIceland, Norway, and Switzerland

have signed the agreement.have signed the agreement.The Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom only takeThe Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom only take

part in the police copart in the police co--operation measuresoperation measures and not theand not thecommon border control and visa provisions.common border control and visa provisions.

Border posts and checks have been removed betweenBorder posts and checks have been removed between

Schengen area statesSchengen area states and a common 'Schengen visa' allowsand a common 'Schengen visa' allowstourist or visitor access to the area.tourist or visitor access to the area.



Hungary and the EUHungary and the EU Acc

ession A

greement Acc

ession A

greement

Dec 1991: Hungary concluded an AccessionDec 1991: Hungary concluded an Accession Agreement with the EU; this agreement came Agreement with the EU; this agreement cameinto effect in 1994into effect in 1994

The agreement covered: trade, politics, law, The agreement covered: trade, politics, law,environment, transport and customs relatedenvironment, transport and customs relatedissues.issues.

Aim:

to establish a free trade area between the Aim:

to establish a free trade area between theEU and Hungary EU and Hungary



Hungary and the EUHungary and the EU

pre pre--acc

ession assist

anc

eacc

ession assist

anc

e

From 2000 onwards Hungary received aboutFrom 2000 onwards Hungary received about ½ ½220220million from the three premillion from the three pre--accession programmes,accession programmes,

which are:

which are:

PHARE ( Poland and Hungary : Assistance forPHARE ( Poland and Hungary : Assistance forRestructuring their Economies)Restructuring their Economies)

ISP A (Instrument for Structural Policies for PreISP A (Instrument for Structural Policies for Pre--

Accession) Accession) SAP AR D (Special Accession Programme forSAP AR D (Special Accession Programme for

Agriculture & Rural Development) Agriculture & Rural Development)




The referendum The referendum 12 April 2003: the referendum on accession to12 April 2003: the referendum on accession to

the EU was held and 4 days later the Accessionthe EU was held and 4 days later the Accession

Treaty was signed Treaty was signed in Athens.in Athens.

The participation was low : app. 46% but about The participation was low : app. 46% but about

84% voted in favour.84% voted in favour.



TheThe Accession TreatyAccession Treaty

1 May 20041 May 2004

TheThe Accession Treaty enters into forceAccession Treaty enters into force and theand the

European Union'sEuropean Union'sb

iggest enlargement everb

iggest enlargement ever becomes a reality with becomes a reality with 10 new countries10 new countries --

Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia,Cyprus, the Czech Republic, Estonia,

Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, theHungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, the

Slovak Republic, and SloveniaSlovak Republic, and Slovenia




Transit

ional period Transit

ional period Hungary received transitional periods in certainHungary received transitional periods in certain

areas so that it can have enough time to adoptareas so that it can have enough time to adopt

and implement the community legislation.and implement the community legislation.

These areas include: free movement of services, These areas include: free movement of services,

capital and people; taxation; agriculture;capital and people; taxation; agriculture;

environment; transport; customs union«environment; transport; customs union«



Tourism and the EU Tourism and the EU

T The EU and worldt

ourismhe EU and worldt

ourism Europe is the most visited tourist region in theEurope is the most visited tourist region in the

world world

Tourism affects social, cultural, and economic Tourism affects social, cultural, and economiclifelife

~99% of tourism business are SMEs~99% of tourism business are SMEs

~8 million people are directly employed in~8 million people are directly employed in

tourism (~5% of total employment)tourism (~5% of total employment)



Tourism and the EU Tourism and the EU Tourism Unit of Directorate General Enterprise Tourism Unit of Directorate General Enterprise

The Tourism Unit of Directorate General The Tourism Unit of Directorate General

Enterprise is responsible for tourism in the EU.Enterprise is responsible for tourism in the EU.

Main role:to ensure that the interest of tourismMain role:to ensure that the interest of tourismis always taken into consideration whenis always taken into consideration when

legislation or operating programmes and policieslegislation or operating programmes and policies

are prepared.are prepared.




Tourism Unit

of Direct

orat

e General Ent

erprise Tourism Unit

of Direct

orat

e General Ent

erprise Objectives: Objectives:

to improve the quality, competitiveness, andto improve the quality, competitiveness, andsustainability of European tourismsustainability of European tourism

to develop the technical and human resourceto develop the technical and human resourcerequirementsrequirements of tourismof tourism

to stop mass tourism, which may result in theto stop mass tourism, which may result in the

overover--exploitation, pollution and destruction of exploitation, pollution and destruction of tourist attractionstourist attractions



Tourism and the EU Tourism and the EU The single currenc y The single currenc y

Since 1 January 2002 the Euro has had a positiveSince 1 January 2002 the Euro has had a positive

impact on tourism:impact on tourism:

--C

heaper crossC

heaper cross--border transaction costsborder transaction costs-- Foreign exchange risks are eliminatedForeign exchange risks are eliminated

-- Transparency of prices Transparency of prices within the euro zone within the euro zone

These all reducethe

cos

tof

travel These all redu

cethe

cos

tof

travel



Tourism and the EU Tourism and the EU The liberalization of aviation The liberalization of aviation

Civil aviation was liberalized in 2003, whichCivil aviation was liberalized in 2003, whichenabled the noenabled the no--frills airlines to enter the market.frills airlines to enter the market.

Effects:Effects:

-- Proliferation of airlinesProliferation of airlines

-- Increased competitionIncreased competition

-- Cheaper pricesCheaper prices-- Air travel made possible for millions Air travel made possible for millions



Tourism and the EU Tourism and the EU The The NetNet

2003: the Network of European Private2003: the Network of European Private

Entrepreneurs in the Tourism Sector was set up.Entrepreneurs in the Tourism Sector was set up.

NET is a coalition formed to champion theNET is a coalition formed to champion theinterests of the European tourism private sector.interests of the European tourism private sector.

Prosperity in this sector is a bedrock of Prosperity in this sector is a bedrock of

European employment and wealth.European employment and wealth.



Tourism and the EU Tourism and the EUNet objectivesNet objectives

To ensure European policy creates tourism jobs and wealth.To ensure European policy creates tourism jobs and wealth.

To encourage the sustainable development of tourismTo encourage the sustainable development of tourism

To reflect and communicate the views of the tourism industryTo reflect and communicate the views of the tourism industry

To monitor regulatory initiatives by the European Institutions andTo monitor regulatory initiatives by the European Institutions and

to ensure that the needs or European tourism businesses areto ensure that the needs or European tourism businesses areheededheeded

To monitor trends and technical developments affecting theTo monitor trends and technical developments affecting thetourism industry, facilitating strategic planningtourism industry, facilitating strategic planning

To raise tourism's profile as an industry in EuropeTo raise tourism's profile as an industry in Europe

To encourage investment in training, product quality, safety andTo encourage investment in training, product quality, safety andenvironmental protection in the interest of the consumer and theenvironmental protection in the interest of the consumer and the

public at large public at large



Tourism and the EU Tourism and the EU The effects of enlargement on Eastern Europe The effects of enlargement on Eastern Europe

EU enlargement is likely to create a steady EU enlargement is likely to create a steady economic growth.economic growth.

Obstacles: Obstacles:

-- Underdeveloped transport and infrastructureUnderdeveloped transport and infrastructure

-- Varying standards of services Varying standards of services

-- Limited Internet accessLimited Internet access (lack of info)(lack of info)

-- Prejudice against new membersPrejudice against new members




The effect

s of enlargement

on East

ern Europe The effect

s of enlargement

on East

ern EuropeHow to solve these problems?How to solve these problems?

By constructing and modernising motorways,By constructing and modernising motorways,health centres, marinas, spas, hotels, etc.health centres, marinas, spas, hotels, etc.(Infrastructure and facilities(Infrastructure and facilities -- financed fromfinanced fromEuropean structural funds)European structural funds)

By better marketing and intensified mediaBy better marketing and intensified media

attentionattention



Tourism and the EU Tourism and the EUForms of tourism to developForms of tourism to develop

-- City beaksCity beaks

-- Rural tourismRural tourism

-- Activity weekends Activity weekends

-- Gastronomic tourismGastronomic tourism

-- Culture holidaysCulture holidays

-- Health tourismHealth tourism

-- Nature holiday Nature holiday

-- Youth tourism Youth tourism

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