_a_nh gia_ hiê_n tra_ng phu_ d___ng hô_ hoa_n ki_m d_a trên ch_ th_ sinh h_c t_o

7/29/2019 _a_nh gia_ hi_n tra_ng phu_ d___ng H_ Hoa_n Ki_m d_a trn ch_ th_ sinh h_c t_o

1/13

anh gi hi n tr ng ph d ngH Ho n Kim d a v o ch thi

sinh h c T o

Nh m 1:1. ng Thi Hoa2. Ph m Qu nh Thu3. L Thi Minh Thu4. Nguy n Thi Thu

5. m Thi Tuy n


2/13

M c l c

M UPHN 1: T NG QUANI. Ph d ng

1.1 Kh i ni m1.2. Nguyn nhn

1.3. C c phng ph p x c nh ph d ng.II.Ch th sinh h c t o2.1. C c y u t gi i h n n s ph t tri n sinh kh i t o2.2. Phng ph p s d ng t o ch th nh gi ph d ng.

PHN 2: NHGI M C PHU D NG H HO N KIM.I. Thngs l - h a c a h .II.H ng th c v t trong h III.Th nh ph n v m t c a t o trong h .

PHN 3: T NG KT.T I LI U THAMKH O


3/13

M U

D i t c ph t tri n kinh t xh i, con ng i gy ra nhi u t c ng tiu c c nh h ng t i ch tl ng n c h , l nguynnhn gy b ng n c c lo i t o, vikhu n lam l m bi n i h sinhth i h .

H Ho n Ki m ang ph i g nh

ch u m t l ng n c th i sinhho t l n khi n h m l ng Nit vPhotpho trong n c h tng caol m t o ph t tri n m nh m vgy ph d ng


4/13

PHN 1: T NG QUAN I. Ph d ng 1. 1. Kh i nimHi n t ng d tha ch t dinh d ng ( c bi t l n ng N, Pcao, t l N/P cao do s tch t tng i P so v i N) trong n c ph t tri n nhanh c a m t s lo i TVb c th p nh t o, rong, ru v c cth c v t thn m m trong n c , l m m t cn b ng sinh h c.1.2. Nguyn nhn

P l nguyn nhn chnh gy ph d ng so v i N.T o th ng sd ng N cao g p t 4-10 l n so v i P, trong t N/P trong n c th ich l 3 l n ( trong n c th i th : 30mg/l N; 10mg/l P)

C c ngu n gy hi n t ng ph d ng:Ngu n dinh d ng ngo i lai : g m ngu n i m v ngu n phnt n.Ngu n dinh d ng n i t i trong h : Ngo i Nv P, c n m t s

ch t dinh d ng kh c: vi l ng, vitamin, axit amin


5/13

I. Ph d ng

1.3. C c phng ph p x c nh phu d ng

1. Da vo sinh khi phytoplakton ca h 2. Xc nh trong ca nc h3. Da vo cn bng dinh dng trong h 4. S d ng nh m sinh vt ch th ph dng c bit l to .

T o c xem l phng ph p quan tr ng b i nhng u i m : nh gi c t c ng nhim tc thi v to phn b r ng, tc sinh trng nhanh,vng i ngn. N h y cm vi c c yu t l ha ca mi trng nc. D tin hnh ly mu v dng nh khng gy t c ng n sinhcnh t nhin khi thu mu. c phng ph p chun c trng cho to: tnh sinh khi hoc o hm l ng chlorophyll trong nc


6/13

II. Ch th sinh h c to1.1. C c yu t gii h n n s ph t trin sinh khi ca to :a) H m l ng Nit v phospho trong th y v c.

T o l l lo i th c v t phu du, n b o, c th m t b ng cng th c:(CH2)106(NH3)16H3PO4 ty s N:P = 16:1(gia tr bin t o)Gia tr n y bi u thi l ng c n thi t N va P t o nn t o, t x c nhy u t h n ch ti m nng ph t tri n c a t o:Khi N:P > 16 P tr th nh y u t gi i h n

Khi N:P


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2.1 C c phng ph p s dng to ch th nhgi ph dng .1. D a v o quan s t m u sc n c h .

Nc h mu xa nh l cy: Xanh nh : do s ph t tri n c a t o Lam, t o L c, c c lo i t o kh c vsinh v t th y sinh trong n c h .

Xanh m: M t cc loi t o v sinh v t th y sinh trong h l n lmn c h c mu xanh r r t .Mu vng, vng cam : Sinh kh i t o trong h chuy n sang giai o n ch m pht tri n , m t s ni troang h nhm t o khng pht tri n na m ch t d n t o mu vng cho h n c .

Nc c mu m hoc nu en : cc sinh kh i sinh v t trong n c chuy n thnh d ng tr m lng

Mu Ch s sinh h c ngha Xanh da tri 10-9 Khng nhi m

Xanh l cy 8-7 nhi m nh

Vng 6-5 nhi m trung bnh

Vng da cam 4-3 nhi m n ng 2-0 nhi m r t n ng


8/13

2.S d ng thng s dinh d ng v thng s t oThng s dinh d ng ca Nygoard ( 1948)

Q =+ + +

Q < 1 : Ki t d ng Q = 1-5 : Dinh d ng trung bnhQ > 5 : Ph d ng. Thng s d d ca Schroevers ( 1965)

Q = 100

+

Q < -20 : Ki t d ng Q 20 + 20 : Dinh d ng trung bnh

Q > 20 : Ph d ng Thng s to ( Stockner G., 1971)Ch s A/Cd a trn t l Araphidinae

trn xc t o centrales diatom trong

tr m tch hi n t i nh sau:

T lA/C Kiu h

0 1,0 Ki t d ng

1,0 2,0 Dinhd ng trung bnh

>2,0 Ph d ng

M : lo i t o lam ( Cyanophyceae) Chl: ChlorococcalesC: T o silic hay khu t o ( Centricdiatoms )E: EuglenophyceaeD: Desmidiaceae


9/13

PHN 2: NH GI M C PH D NG HHOAN KIM

I. Thng s l - h a c a H Hon Ki mSTT THNG S GIA TR

1 su(m) 0,5 1,6 2 Mau s c Xanh lam

3 PH 9,57 9,84 4 SS(mg/l) 230 -- 450 5 DO(mg/l) 9,42 -- 22,4 6 COD(mg/l) 80,85 -- 767,2

7 BOD(mg/l) 55 -- 260 8 4+ (mg/l) 0,129 -- 0,699 9 2 (mg/l) 0,012 -- 0,05

10 3 (mg/l) 0,047 -- 0,129

11 43 (mg/l) 0,08 -- 0,64


10/13

II.H ng th c v t trong h M t TVph du c xu h ng tng d n ko theo h m l ngoxy ho tan gi m t ng t v o tng th i i m kh c nhau, nh

h ng n s t n t i c a nhi u ng - th c v t trong h m t ng v t y c a h Ho n Ki m th p v c xu h ng gi m

S ph t tri n th ng xuyn v khng bnh th ng c a vi khu n lam,l m bi n i c u tr c th nh ph n lo i c a h vi t o trong h . S suygi m m t s lo i vi t o c hu ng th i v i s gia tng th nh ph nlo i v m t c a vi khu n lam gy c . Vi khu n lam ph t tri n d y

c trn m t h v c bi t t p trung khu v c cu i h ng gi .


11/13

III.Thnh phn v mt to trong h Hon Kim .1. Thnh ph n : 61 loi v i 4 ngnh:T o lam: 19 loi -Vi khun lam chim u th trong qun x thc vt ph duc bi t l c c chi to lam c nh Microcystis aeruginosa,Cylindrospermopsis raborskii, Anabaena, Oscillatoria, Lyngbya c him as v thnh phn loi gy n hoa trong nc T o l c : 37 loi -c cc chi: Scenedesmus, Pediastrum, Chlorella.... trong to Scenedesmus c mt vi 16 loi T o silic: 2 loi

T o mt: 3 loi.2. M t th c v t n i

Nhm vikhu n lam(cyanobacter)


12/13


13/13

TAI LIU THAM KH O1. Nguy n Th Ho i H ( 2008), nghin c u c i m sinh h c v kh nng phn gi i c

t c a m t s ch ng Microcystis phn l p H Ho n Ki m, b o c o t i c bi t c p HQG t i nghin c u khoa h c nm 2007-2008

2. H n Th Thanh Huy n ( 2011), nh gi ch t l ng sng ph l c d a trn ch th sinh

h c t o,Lu n vn th c s khoa h c 3. Ph m Th Mai, Ph m Ti n c, V Th Lan Anh, Nguy n Th Ho i H , nh gi s bi n ng s l ng theo m a v theo t ng n c c a vi khu n lam Microcystis aeruginosa h Ho n Ki m, H N i , T p ch khoa h c i h c Qu c Gia H N i, Khoa h c Tnhin v Cng ngh 24,s 1S (2008) 125-129

4. ng Thi Sy, T o hoc, NXB i hoc Qu c gia Ha N i5. Dng c Ti n( 2002), B o v ngu n gen vi t o c hu qu hi m h Ho n Ki m -

H N i, b o c o khoa h c trong chng trnh t i tr b o v mi tr ng v gn gi dis n vn h a -cng ty Ford Motor

6. Dng Th Thu (2001), Nghin c u vi khu n lam gy c trong m t s thu v c HN i, Lu n vn Th c s khoa h c Mi tr ng, i h c Khoa h c T nhin - i h cQu c gia H N i

7. ng Th Thm, Ho ng Trung Kin, V Th Nguy t, ng nh Kim Vi n Cng ngh Mitr ng - Vi n KH&CNVN (Tuy n t p b o c o H i ngh Sinh th i v T i nguyn sinh v tl n th 3, 22/10/2009 - Vin ST&TNSV -Vi n KH&CN Vi t Nam)

8. L Thi Hin Th o, Nito va photpho trong mi tr ng 9. L Vn Khoa, Ch thi sinh hoc mi tr ng NXBGi o D c10. http://www.dost.hanoi.gov.vn/Tranghi%E1%BB%83nth%E1%BB%8B/Trangch%E1%BB

%A7/Tinchiti%E1%BA%BFt/tabid/171/MenuID/214/cateID/252/id/1325/language/vi-VN/Default.aspx

11. http://tailieu.vn/xem-tai-lieu/phu-duong-o-cac-he-sinh-thai-nuoc-ngot.375633.html 12. http://vtc.vn/308-282868/xa-hoi/doi-song/xu-ly-tao-va-vi-khuan-o-ho-guom-bang-song-sieu-

am.htm
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