animal sacrifice in islam

Al-Adha Festival Sacrificewisdoms, provisions

Way of offering Al-Uzhiah

Prepared ByMohammad Shamsul Hoque Siddique

DirectorOnline Islamic University of Bangladesh Project

(oiubd) Mobile: +880-1914220613

Email: [email protected]

What is Sacrifice

ة ما يذبح من بهيمة األضحياألنعام في يوم األضحى

إلى آخر أيام النحر تقربا إلى الله تعالى

A cattle slaughtered on the day of al-Adha to the last day of An-Nahar seeking the closeness to Allah

The legitimacy of Animal Sacrifice

Scholars are unanimously agreed on the legitimacy of sacrifice. This mentioned in Al-Mugni of Ibn Qudama(9/435); in Fathul Bary of Ibn Hazar (10/3)

The Virtue of Animal Sacrifice

From the Quran:

ذلك ومن يعظم شعائر الله فإنها من تقوى [. 32 ]الحج: القلوب

That [is so] and whoever honors the symbols of Allah, indeed it is from the piety of his heart.

[ Sura Al-Hajj:32]

The Virtue of Animal SacrificeFrom the Tradition of Prophet Mohammad (SAW)

بي صلى عن البراء ـ رضى الله عنه ـ قال سمعت النالله عليه وسلم يخطب فقال " إن أول ما نبدأ من يومنا ي، ثم نرجع فننحر، فمن فعل هذا فقد أصاب هذا أن نصل

ما هو لحم يقدمه ألهله، ليس من تنا، ومن نحر فإن سنه ذبحت سك في شىء ". فقال أبو بردة يا رسول الل الن

ة. فقال " ي، وعندي جذعة خير من مسن قبل أن أصلاجعلها مكانها، ولن تجزي أو توفي عن أحد بعدك ".

Bukhari: 5556

The Virtue of Animal Sacrifice

Translation

Narrated Al-Bara':I heard the Prophet (ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص) delivering a sermon, and he said (on the Day of `Id-Allah. a), "The first thing we will do on this day of ours is that we will offer the `Id prayer, then we will return and slaughter our sacrifices; and whoever does so, then indeed he has followed our tradition, and whoever slaughtered his sacrifice (before the prayer), what he offered was just meat that he presented to his family, and that was not a sacrifice." Abu Burda got up and said, "O Allah's Messenger (ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص)! I slaughtered the sacrifice before the prayer and I have got a Jadha'a which is better than an old sheep." The Prophet said, "Slaughter it to make up for that, but it will not be (ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص)sufficient for anybody else after you."

Bukhari: 5560

The Wisdom Behind Animal Sacrifice

Total submission to the will of Allah

1

The Wisdom behind Animal Sacrifice

Being ready to sacrifice whatever you have for the shake of Allah

2


Keeping patience while you are required to give away the most beloved thing to you.

3


Walking steadfast in the way of Allah and stoning satan’s temptations.

Walk Steadfast

4


Give if you want receive

5

The Provision of Animal Sacrifice

Muslims scholars have disputed over its provision:

Majority of Muslim scholars

Emphasised Sunnah سنة مؤكدة

The First Group

Proofs of the First Group

عن أم سلمة رضي الله عنها قالت قال: رسول الله صلى الله :عليه وسلم

(( إذا دخلت العشر وأراد أحدكم أن يضحي فال يمس من �ا )) شعره وبشره شيئ

1

Umm Salama reported Allah's Messenger (ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص) having said this:When any one of you intending to sacrifice the animal enters in the month (of Dhu'l-Hijja) he should not get his hair or nails touched (cut). Muslim: 1977

Sunnah Muakkadah

Proofs of the First Group

عن عائشة، أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم أمر بكبش أقرن يطأ في سواد ويبرك في سواد وينظر في سواد فأتي به ليضحي به فقال

لها " يا عائشة هلمي المدية " . ثم قال " اشحذيها بحجر " . ففعلت ثم أخذها وأخذ الكبش فأضجعه ثم ذبحه ثم قال " باسم الله اللهم تقبل من

محمد وآل محمد ومن أمة محمد " . ثم ضحى به . رواه

) 1967مسلم (

2

Sunnah Muakkadah

Proof of the First Group

'A'isha reported that Allah's Messenger (ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص) commanded that a ram with black legs, black belly and black (circles) round the eyes should be brought to him, so that he should sacrifice it. He said to 'A'isha:Give me the large knife, and then said: Sharpen it on a stone. She did that. He then took it (the knife) and then the ram; he placed it on the ground and then sacrificed it, saying: Bismillah, Allah-humma Taqabbal min Muhammadin wa Al-i-Muhammadin, wa min Ummati Muhammadin (In the name of Allah," O Allah, accept [this sacrifice] on behalf of Muhammad and the family of Muhammad and the Umma of Muhammad" ). Muslim:1967

2

Sunnah Muakkadah


عكرمة: ((كان ابن عباس يبعثني يوم األضحى بدرهمين أشتري له رواه لحما، ويقول: من لقيت فقل هذه أضحية ابن عباس))

) 14/15البيهقي ( معرفة اآلثار والسنن:

3

Traditions of some Sahabis

Ibn Abbas would send me on the day of Al-Adha with two Dirham to buy him some meats and would say: whoever you meet tell him this

is the sacrifice of Ibn Abbas. Baihaqi: Marifatul Asar Was Sunan:14/15

Sunnah Muakkadah


عن أبى مسعود األنصاري رضي الله عنه قال: (إني ألدع األضحى وإني لموسر مخافة أن يرى جيراني أنه حتم علي) رواه البيهقي

:)9/265 (

4Traditions of some Sahabis

Ibn Masud Al-Ansari (RAA) Said: Indeed I some time leave the sacrifice, though I am, certainly, a rich, fearing that my neighbor would consider it as an obligatory upon me. Baihaqi: (9/265)

Sunnah Muakkadah


عن سويد بن غفلة قال: ((قال لي بالل: ما كنت أبالي لو ضحيت بديك, وألن آخذ ثمن األضحية فأتصدق به على مسكين مقتر فهو

أحب إلي من أن أضحي))

) 4/385 رواه عبد الرزاق (:

5Traditions of some Sahabis

Suyaid Ibn Gaflah narated: Bilal said to mey: I would not care if I offered a cock as a sacrifice. Rather I would love to to take the price

of the sacrifice and gave it away in charity to a very poor man.Abdurrazzaq: 4/385

Sunnah Muakkadah

The Provision of Animal Sacrifice

Imam Abu Hanifah, Ibn Taimiyah and Shawkani

Obligatory upon واجب على الموسر the rich

The Second Group

Proofs of the Second Group

فصل لربك وانحر2سورة الكوثر:

1From the Quran:

Allah Ta`la Said :“So pray to your Lord and offer sacrifice [to Him alone]

Surah Al-Kawthar:2

Proof of the Second Group

ه ا مـع رسـول الـل ي قال:((ضحيـن ن سـفيان البجـل عـن جندب ـبة ذات يوم فإذا أناس قـد ذبحوا ه وسـلم أضحـي صـلى اللـه علـيضحاياـهم قـبل الـصالة فلـما انـصرف رآـهم الـنبي ـصلى الـله علـيه الة ل الـص ح قـب ن ذـب الة فقال ـم ل الـص د ذبحوا قـب م ـق لم أنـه وـسح ى صـلينا فليذـب ح حـت م يذـب ح مكانهـا أخرى، ومـن كان ـل فليذـب

على اسم الله))

) 1960) و مسلم : (5500رواه البخاري: (

2From the Sunnah:

Proof of this condition

Allah Ta`ala Said :That they may witness benefits for themselves and mention the name of Allah on known days over what He has provied

for them of [sacrificial ] animals .Surah 22-Al-hajj

1

ليشهدوا منافع لهم قال تعالى: ويذكروا اسم الله في أيام معلومات

على ما رزقهم من بهيمة [28 ]الحج: األنعام

Proofs of this condition

Prophet (SAW) used to sacrifice two horned rams which were white with black marking, and would utter the name of Allah and Allah is Most Great and put his foot on their sides.

Sunan an-Nasa`i:4416

2عن أنس بن مالك، قال كان رسول الله صلى الله

عليه وسلم يضحي بكبشين أملحين أقرنين وكان ر ولقد رأيته يذبحهما بيده واضع�ا رجله يسمي ويكب

4416على صفاحهما .)) رواه النسائي:


Jabir (RAA) narrated that Allah's Messenger :said (ملسو هيلع هللا ىلص)"Sacrifice only a full-grown animal unless it is difficult for you, in which case you should sacrifice a (six to ten month old) sheep." Reported by Muslim : (1772)

3

عن جابر قال قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم:

ة�, إال أن يعسر عليكم (("ال تذبحوا إال مسنفتذبحوا جذعة� من الضأن")) رواه

1772مسلم:


4

Ibn Abdul Barr (At-Tamheed:23/188) Ibn Rushd (Bidayatul Muztahid:1/430), Nababi (Al-Majmoo: 8/393 ) and Sanaani ( Subulus Salam:4/95) narrated consensus on this mater.

The consensus

The conditions for validity of sacrifice

1

Must be of cattle : camel, cow, bull, Ox, buffalo, sheep, goat etc.

Camel Buffalo

OxBull

Cow

Must be at least 5 years oldMust be at least 2 years old

Must be at least 2 years oldMust be at least 2 years old

Must be at least 2 years old

The conditions for validity of sacrifice

1

Must be of cattle : camel, cow, bull, buffalo, sheep, goat etc.

Lamb

Goat

SheepGoat

Goat

Must be at least 1 years old Must be at least 1 years old

Must be at least 1 years old

Must be at least 6 months oldMust be at least 1 years old

Being Sound from Defect

1Defect

Obviously Cecum

2

Being Sound from Defect2

DefectLame: obviously disabled in leg of foot

2


3Defect

Obviously sick2


4Defect

Very skinny animal which has no flesh in the body.

2

Proof on this condition

عن البراء بن عازب قال : ((سمعت رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم وأشار بأصابـعه وأصابـعي أقصر من أصابع رسول الله صلى الله عليه و سلم يشير بأصبعه يقول: ال يجوز من الضحايا الـعوراء البين

عورها والـعرجاء البين عرجها والمريضة البين مرضها والـعجفاء لتي ال تنقي

2802األلباني ، صحيح سنن أبي داود :

Proof on this condition

"I heard the Messenger of Allah say" - and he gestured with his fingers, but his fingers were shorter than the fingers of the

Messenger of Allah - he said "It is not permissible to offer as a sacrifice an animal that clearly has one bad eye, a lame animal that is obviously lame, as sick animal that is obviously sick, or

an animals that is so emaciated that it is as if there is no marrow in its bones. Sunan an-Nasa'i 4371

Condition-03Sacrifice must take place on the time phase ordained in Sharaiah

There are two opinions amid Muslim scholars about the ending

time of sacrifice offering


ending time is the sunset of the 12th Dhul HijjahImam Abu Hanifah, Imam Malik and Imam Ahmad went to this opinion .

First Opinion


عن ابن عمر رضي الله عنهما، ((أن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم نهى أن تؤكل لحوم األضاحي بعد ثالث))

Proof supporting this opinion

Narrated by Ibn Umar (RAA):That the messenger of Allah prevented the meat of sacrificial animal after three days.

1



Many Sahabis like Umar ibn Al-Khattab, Ali, Ibn Umar, Ibn Abbas, Abu Hurairah, Anas (Radia-Allahu Anhum) specified the day of Eid and two days that follow for offering sacrifice. And it is not known that anyone objected to this attitude.

2



There is difference between Ayaamut Tasharik and Ayaamun Nahar. Ayaamut Tashrik are three days after Eid day, however Ayaamun Nahar are two days after Eid. And sacrifice is offered in Ayaamun Nahar( Days of slaughtering sacrificial animals)

3


Closing time is the sunset of the 13th Dhul HijjahImam Shafi, Ibn Taymiah, Ibn Qyeem and Shawkani went to this opinion .

Second Opinion


عن جبير بن مطعم رضي الله عنه، عن النبى صلى الله عليه وسلم أنه قال: (كل منى منحر، وكل أيام التشريق

ذبح)

Proofs supporting their opinion

Narrated by Zubayr Ibn Mut`im: Prophet (SAW) said: Whole Mina is a slaughtering place and whole of the Tashreek days are for slaughter.

How slaughter an animal

`Bismillahi wallahu Akbar’ should be uttered while slaughtering

Then say: O Allah! This is from You and for You, this is on my behalf ( If slaughtering on behalf of other say his/her name) then say : O Allah! Accept this sacrifice

from -- (say your name and all other people your slaughtering on behalf of)


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animal sacrifice in islam

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