Animal Systems

Review and Interactions

Overview of Organ Systems

• Integumentary (Skin) System

• Nervous System• Skeletal System• Circulatory/

Cardiovascular System• Muscular System• Digestive System

• Lymphatic System• Excretory (Urinary)

System• Immune System• Endocrine System• Respiratory System• Reproductive System

Video Clip!

• As you watch write down:– The organ systems you see– The organs involved– Interactions between organ systems (For example,

air enters lungs (respiratory) and oxygen is absorbed into the blood (circulatory))

Share!

• Talk with the people at your table about the organ systems and interactions you saw

• 3 min

Disclaimer

• We break the body into “systems,” but many organs have functions that belong to multiple systems

• Examples:– Stomach (digestive) can secrete stomach acid

(endocrine) and contact to break up food (muscular)

– Penis excretes urine (excretory) and semen (reproductive)

Integumentary System

Functions• Barrier to pathogens &

foreign objects• Keeps moisture in• Senses temperature &

sweats

Major Organs• Skin• Sweat glands• Hair

Nervous System

Functions • Receiving sensory input

from receptors• Sending messages to

muscles, glands, and organs• Processing information

Major Organs• Brain & nerves• Sensory neurons • Motor neurons

Reflex Arc

Example: When you touch something hot-1. Sensory neurons in skin sense temperature2. Impulse travels to brain3. Brain sends response signal (MOVE!) down motor neuron

4. Motor neuron makes muscle contract, causing you to move

Skeletal System

Functions• Structural support• Protects internal organs

Major Organs• Bones• Cartilage • Bone marrow (Red and

white blood cell production)

Circulatory/Cardiovascular System

Functions• Absorbs & transports

oxygen and nutrients• Delivers hormones• Defense (white blood cells

& antibodies)

Major Organs• Heart• Arteries (blood with O2

away from lungs)• Veins (blood without O2

back to lungs)

Veinous blood is not actually blue.Yes. Seriously.

Muscular System

Functions• Movement• Pushing food through

digestive tract• Chewing and stomach

contractions help break up food (mechanical digestion)

Major Organs• Gluteus maximus (skeletal

muscle)• Stomach (smooth muscle)• Heart (cardiac muscle)

Digestive System

Functions• Break down food using

muscle (mechanical digestion)

• Break down food using acids and enzymes (chemical digestion)

• Absorption & glucose regulation

Major Organs• Stomach & intestines• Liver• Pancreas

Turn and talk

• Talk with the people at your table and try to predict which systems so far are involved in:

Temperature Regulation

Nutrient Absorption

Defense from injury and

illnessIntegumentary – sense temperatureNervous – communication between skin and brainMuscular contractions (shivering) if too cold, sweating if too hot

Muscular and skeletal – chewing (mechanical)Digestive – mechanical and chemical digestionCirculatory – absorbs nutrients and water from intestines

Integumentary – provides barrier between external and internal environmentsNervous – senses danger, tells muscles to moveDigestive – stomach acid kill pathogens

Lymphatic System

Functions• Filters, collects & returns

fluids to circulatory system• Absorb & returns lipids

from digestive system to blood

Major Organs• Lymph nodes & vessels• Spleen• Bone marrow• Thymus

Excretory/Urinary System

Functions• Remove waste products

from blood• Control water

concentration (kidneys)

Major Organs• Kidneys• Bladder• Urethra

Immune System

Functions• Destroy pathogens• “Memorizes” invaders

Major Organs• Lymph nodes and vessels• Spleen• Bone marrow• Thymus

Endocrine System

Functions• Produce hormones that

– Control vital processes like water concentration in blood

– Regulate blood sugar– Regulate reproductive

processes

Major Organs• Thyroid & Pituitary glands• Testes & ovaries• Many organs from other

systems have endocrine function (Ex. Stomach, pancreas, etc.)

Respiratory System

Functions• Exchange carbon dioxide

and oxygen• Nasal mucus & hairs,

coughing & sneezing defend against invaders

Major Organs• Lungs• Trachea• Diaphragm (muscle under

lungs)

Reproductive System

Functions• Production of gametes (sex

cells) through meiosis• Works closely with

endocrine & excretory systems

Major Organs• Uterus & ovaries• Penis & testes• Testes & ovaries are also

part of the endocrine system

Turn and talk

• Talk with the people at your table and try to predict which systems so far are involved in:

Regulation Defense from injury/illness

ReproductionWater concentration – kidneys (excretory) control how much water is filtered from blood (circulatory)

Glucose levels – pancreas and liver (endocrine and digestive) control glucose in blood (circ.)

Blood pressure and respiration – nervous detects changes and controls lungs (resp.), blood vessels and heart (circ.)

Immune cells travel through blood (circulatory) to attack invaders

Mucus in air passages (respiratory) traps pathogens

Endocrine system makes hormones that travel through blood (circulatory) to stimulate and regulate organs (reproductive)

Repro. Organs create gametes

In mammals, circulatory system carries nutrients from digestive system of mother to fetus

BEFORE

• Partner 1: Monitor your partner’s respiration rate for 1 min. Write the breaths/min on your paper with the label “before.”

• Partner 2: Count your pulse for one minute. Write the heartbeats/min on your paper with the label “before.”

TURN DOWN FOR SCIENCE

• Partner 2: Exercise for 90 sec!

AFTER

• Partner 1: Monitor your partner’s respiration rate for 1 min. Write the breaths/min on your paper with the label “after.”

• Partner 2: Count your pulse for one minute. Write the heartbeats/min on your paper with the label “after.”

Answer the following:1) What systems are involved in your exercise

and HOW? Think hard…2) What systems are left out? (Are they

really)3) What is the goal of all our body systems? 4) Which systems could a vertebrate live

without? (Use evolutionary evidence to support your answer)