ann hazare
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Please read:A personal appeal from
Wikipedia author Dr. Sengai PodhuvanWe now accept
(INR)
Anna HazareFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Anna Hazare
Anna Hazare inNanded,Maharastra
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Born Kisan Hazare
15 June 1937 (age 74)
Bhingar, Bombay Province,British India
Nationality Indian
Other names Kisan Bapat Baburao Hazare
Known for Indian anti-corruption movement,
Watershed development programmes,
Right to Information
Influenced by Mahatma Gandhi,
Swami Vivekananda
Political movement Indian anti-corruption movement,
Peace movement
Religion Hinduism
Spouse Never Married
Parents Laxmibai Hazare
Baburao Hazare
Awards Padma Shri(1990)
Padma Bhushan(1992)
Website
www.annahazare.org
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharastrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharastrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharastrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhingarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_Provincehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_Provincehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Watershed_development_programmehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Watershed_development_programmehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Vivekanandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Vivekanandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padma_Shrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padma_Shrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padma_Bhushanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padma_Bhushanhttp://www.annahazare.org/http://www.annahazare.org/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padma_Bhushanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padma_Shrihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swami_Vivekanandahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohandas_Karamchand_Gandhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_informationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Watershed_development_programmehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay_Provincehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhingar -
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Kisan Baburao Hazare pronunciation(helpinfo)(Marathi:, Kisan Bpat BburvHajr?) (born 15 June 1937), popularly known as Anna Hazare pronunciation(helpinfo)(Marathi:, A Hajr?) is an Indiansocial activistand a prominent leader in the2011 Indian anti-corruption
movement, usingnonviolentmethods following the teachings ofMahatma Gandhi.[1][2][3]Hazare also contributed
to the development and structuring ofRalegan Siddhi, a village inParner talukaofAhmednagar
district,Maharashtra, India. He was awarded thePadma Bhushanthe third-highest civilian awardby
theGovernment of Indiain 1992 for his efforts in establishing this village as a model for others.[4]
Anna Hazare started an indefinitehunger strikeon 5 April 2011 to exert pressure on the Indian government to
enact a stringent anti-corruption law as envisaged in theJan Lokpal Bill, for the institution of
anombudsmanwith the power to deal with corruption in public places. The fast led to nation-wide protests in
support of Hazare. The fast ended on 9 April 2011, a day after the government accepted Hazare's demands.
The government issued a gazette notification on the formation of a joint committee, consisting of government
and civil society representatives, to draft the legislation.[5][6]
For the year 2011Foreign Policy magazinehas named him among top 100 global thinkers.[7]Anna has been
ranked as the most influential person inMumbaiby a national daily newspaper.[8]He has faced criticism for his
authoritarian views on justice, including death as punishment for corrupt public officials and his alleged support
for forcedvasectomiesas a method of family planning.[9][10]
Contents
[hide]
1 Early life
2 Military service
3 Transformation of Ralegan Siddhi
o 3.1 Prohibition of alcohol
o 3.2 Grain Bank
o 3.3 Watershed development programme
o 3.4 Milk production
o 3.5 Education
o 3.6 Removal of untouchability
o 3.7 Collective marriages
o 3.8 Gram Sabha
4 Activism
o 4.1 Anti-corruption protests in Maharashtra
o 4.2 Right to Information movement
http://www.annahazare.org/http://www.annahazare.org/http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Kisan_Babaurao_Hazare.ogghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Kisan_Babaurao_Hazare.ogghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_helphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_helphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kisan_Babaurao_Hazare.ogghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kisan_Babaurao_Hazare.ogghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kisan_Babaurao_Hazare.ogghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathi_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathi_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathi_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Indic)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Indic)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Indic)http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Anna_Hazare.ogghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Anna_Hazare.ogghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_helphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_helphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Anna_Hazare.ogghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Anna_Hazare.ogghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Anna_Hazare.ogghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathi_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathi_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathi_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Indic)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Indic)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Indic)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_activisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_activisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_activisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonviolencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonviolencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonviolencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralegan_Siddhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralegan_Siddhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralegan_Siddhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parner_talukahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parner_talukahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parner_talukahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmednagar_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmednagar_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmednagar_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmednagar_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padma_Bhushanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padma_Bhushanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunger_strikehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunger_strikehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunger_strikehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Lokpal_Billhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Lokpal_Billhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Lokpal_Billhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#cite_note-India_activist_Anna_Hazare_ends_hunger_strike-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#cite_note-India_activist_Anna_Hazare_ends_hunger_strike-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#cite_note-India_activist_Anna_Hazare_ends_hunger_strike-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Policyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Policyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Policyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#cite_note-The_DNA_power_list:_Top_50_influentials-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#cite_note-The_DNA_power_list:_Top_50_influentials-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#cite_note-The_DNA_power_list:_Top_50_influentials-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasectomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasectomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasectomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#cite_note-The_Open_Magazine-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#cite_note-The_Open_Magazine-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#cite_note-The_Open_Magazine-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Early_lifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Early_lifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Military_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Military_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Transformation_of_Ralegan_Siddhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Transformation_of_Ralegan_Siddhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Prohibition_of_alcoholhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Prohibition_of_alcoholhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Grain_Bankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Grain_Bankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Watershed_development_programmehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Watershed_development_programmehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Milk_productionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Milk_productionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Removal_of_untouchabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Removal_of_untouchabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Collective_marriageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Collective_marriageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Gram_Sabhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Gram_Sabhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Activismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Activismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Anti-corruption_protests_in_Maharashtrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Anti-corruption_protests_in_Maharashtrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Right_to_Information_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Right_to_Information_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Anna_Hazare.ogghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kisan_Babaurao_Hazare.ogghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Anna_Hazare.ogghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kisan_Babaurao_Hazare.ogghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Right_to_Information_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Anti-corruption_protests_in_Maharashtrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Activismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Gram_Sabhahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Collective_marriageshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Removal_of_untouchabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Educationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Milk_productionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Watershed_development_programmehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Grain_Bankhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Prohibition_of_alcoholhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Transformation_of_Ralegan_Siddhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Military_servicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#Early_lifehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#cite_note-The_Open_Magazine-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#cite_note-The_Open_Magazine-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasectomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#cite_note-The_DNA_power_list:_Top_50_influentials-7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#cite_note-6http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Policyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#cite_note-India_activist_Anna_Hazare_ends_hunger_strike-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#cite_note-India_activist_Anna_Hazare_ends_hunger_strike-4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Lokpal_Billhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunger_strikehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#cite_note-3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padma_Bhushanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maharashtrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmednagar_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmednagar_districthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parner_talukahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralegan_Siddhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#cite_note-2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Hazare#cite_note-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahatma_Gandhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonviolencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Indian_anti-corruption_movementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_activisthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Indic)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathi_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Anna_Hazare.ogghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_helphttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Anna_Hazare.ogghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Indic)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marathi_languagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kisan_Babaurao_Hazare.ogghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_helphttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/Kisan_Babaurao_Hazare.ogg 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o 4.3 Regulation of Transfers and Prevention of Delay in Discharge of Official Duties Act
o 4.4 Campaign against liquor from food grains
o 4.5 Lokpal Bill movement
4.5.1 Hunger strike in Delhi
4.5.2 End of hunger strike after meeting demands
4.5.3 Differences with the government on draft bill
4.5.4 Indefinite fast
4.5.5 Arrest and aftermath
4.5.6 Fast at Ramlila Maidan, New Delhi
4.5.7 I Am Anna Chant
4.5.8 Fast on MMRDA ground
o 4.6 Electoral reform movement
o 4.7 Protest against atrocities against Swami Ramdev and his supporters
5 Controversies and criticism
o 5.1 RSS Agent
o 5.2 Views on Narendra Modi
o 5.3 Fraud during fasts
o 5.4 Accusations of corruption
o 5.5 Accusation of being anti-democratic and anti-dalit
o 5.6 Accusation of being nonsecular
6 Conspiracy to murder Hazare
7 Honours, awards and international recognition
8 Personal life
9 Writings
10 References
11 Further reading
12 External links
Early life
Kisan Hazare was born on 15 June 1937[citation needed] (some sources say 1940)[11]inBhingar, near
toAhmednagar. The eldest son, with two sisters and four brothers, the later adoption of the name Annareflects
theIndianword for "elder brother". His father worked in a pharmacy and struggled to support the family
financially. In time, the family moved to their ancestral village of Ralegan Siddhi, where they owned a small
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amount of agricultural land. A relative took on the burden of providing Kisan with an education, taking him to
Mumbai because the village had no primary school. The relative became unable financially to continue the
support and Kisan's schooling ended in the Standard Seventh grade; his siblings were not schooled at
all.[12]He started selling flowers at theDadarrailway station in Mumbai and was able eventually to own two
flower shops in the city.[13]He also became involved in vigilantism, joining groups who acted to prevent the poor
from being bullied out of their shelters by thugs in the employ of landlords.[14]
Military service
The Indo-China War of 1962 caused theIndian Armyto commence emergency recruitment measures. Hazare
was recruited in April 1963, despite not meeting the physical requirements, and was attested as a soldier on 16
November of that year after undertaking training atAurangabad.[12][15]
During theIndo-Pakistani War of 1965, Hazare was posted at the border in theKhem Karansector. He was the
sole survivor of an enemy attack - variously claimed to have been a bomb, an aerial assault and an exchange
of fire at the border - while he was driving a truck.[12][13][16]The experiences of war time, coupled with the poverty
from which he had come, affected him. He had considered suicide at one point but now turned to pondering the
meaning of life and death.[12]He has said of the truck attack that "[It] sent me thinking. I felt that God wanted
me to stay alive for some reason. I was re-born in the battlefield of Khem Karan. And I decided to dedicate my
new life to serving people."[13]He spent his spare time reading the works ofSwami Vivekananda,Gandhi,
andVinoba Bhave.[17]In a blog post, Hazare expressed his views onKashmirby saying that it was his "active
conviction that Kashmir is an integral part of India" and that if required once again for service, he would remain
"ready to take part in war against Pakistan."[18]
During the mid-1970s, Hazare survived a road accident while driving for the army. He interpreted his survival
as a further sign that his life was intended to be dedicated to the service of the community.[14]Despite
subsequent allegations that he had deserted from the army, official records show that he was honourably
discharged in 1975 after completing his 12 years of service.[15]
Transformation of Ralegan Siddhi
Hazare returned to Ralegan Siddhi, a village described by Satpathy and Mehta as being then "one of the many
villages of India plagued by acute poverty, deprivation, a fragile ecosystem, neglect and hopelessness."[19]
Although most of the villagers owned some land, cultivation was extremely difficult due to the rocky ground
preventing retention of the monsoon rains; this situation had not been assisted by a gradual deterioration as
trees were cut down, erosion spread and droughts were also experienced. The shortage of water also led to
disease because conditions became unsanitary and water was re-used for multiple purposes. The economy of
the village had become reliant on illegal manufacture and sale of alcohol, a product to which many of the
villagers had themselves become addicted. Many inhabitants were at the mercy of moneylenders in order to
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survive, and those lenders would charge monthly interest rates of as much as 10%. Crime and violence
(including domestic violence) had become commonplace, while education and employment opportunities were
poor.[14][20]
Hazare was relatively wealthy because of the gratuity from his army service. He set about using that money to
restore a run-down, vandalised village temple as a focal point for the community. Some were able to respond
with small financial donations but many other villagers, particularly among the elderly, donated their labour in a
process that became known asshramdaan. Some youths also became involved in the work and these he
organised into a Tarun Mandal(Youth Association). One of the works of Vivekananda which he had read
wasCall to the youth for nation building.[21]
Prohibition of alcohol
Hazare and the youth group decided to take up the issue of alcoholism as a means to drive a process of
reform. At a meeting conducted in the temple, the villagers resolved to close down liquor dens and ban alcohol
in the village. Since these resolutions were made in the temple, they became, in a sense, religious
commitments. Over thirty liquor brewing units were closed by their owners voluntarily. Those who did not
succumb to social pressure were forced to close down their businesses when the youth group smashed up
their liquor dens. The owners could not complain as their businesses were illegal.[22]
When some villagers were found to be drunk they were tied to pillars and thenflogged, sometimes personally
by Hazare. He justified this punishment by stating that rural India was a harsh society,[23]and that
Doesnt a mother administer bitter medicines to a sick child when she knows that the medicine can cure her
child? The child may not like the medicine, but the mother does it only because she cares for the child. Thealcoholics were punished so that their families would not be destroyed.[24]
Hazare appealed to the government of Maharashtra to bring in a law whereby prohibition would come into force
in a village if 25% of the women in the village demanded it. In 2009 the state government amended the
Bombay Prohibition Act, 1949 to reflect this.[25]
It was decided to ban the sale of tobacco, cigarettes, andbeedies(an unfiltered cigarette where the tobacco is
rolled intendualso known asDiospyros melanoxylonleaves instead of paper) in the village. In order to
implement this resolution, the youth group performed a unique "Holi" ceremony twenty two years ago.[when?] The
festival of Holi is celebrated as a symbolic burning of evil. The youth group brought all the tobacco, cigarettes,
and beedies from the shops in the village and burnt them in a Holi fire. Tobacco, cigarettes, or beedies are no
longer sold.[26][27]
Grain Bank
In 1980, the Grain Bank was started by him at the temple, with the objective of providing food security to
needful farmers during times of drought or crop failure. Rich farmers, or those with surplus grain production,
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could donate aquintalto the bank. In times of need, farmers could borrow the grain, but they had to return the
same amount of grain they borrowed, plus an additional quintal as an interest. This ensured that nobody in the
village ever went hungry or had to borrow money to buy grain. This also prevented distress sales of grain at
lower prices at harvest time.[12]
Watershed development programme
Ralegan is located in the foothills, so Hazare persuaded villagers to construct awatershedembankment and
associated works to stop water and allow it to percolate and increase the ground water level and
improveirrigationin the area. These efforts solved the problem of water scarcity in the village and made
irrigation possible.[14][17]
Cultivation of water-intensive crops like sugar cane was banned. Crops such as pulses, oil-seeds, and certain
cash crops with low water requirements were grown. The farmers started growing high-yield varieties of crop
and the cropping pattern of the village was changed. Hazare has helped farmers of more than 70 villages in
drought-prone regions in the state of Maharashtra since 1975.[28]When Hazare came in Ralegan Siddhi in 1975
only 70 acres (28 ha) of land was irrigated, Hazare converted it into about 2,500 acres (1,000 ha).[22]
Milk production
As a secondary occupation, milk production was promoted in Ralegan Siddhi. Purchase of new cattle and
improvement of the existing breed with the help of artificial insemination and timely guidance and assistance by
a veterinarian resulted in an improvement in the cattle stock, increasing production of milk. Crossbred cows are
replacing local ones which gave a lower milk yield.[citation needed]
Education
In 1932, Ralegan Siddhi got its first formal school, a single classroom primary school.[clarification needed] In 1962, the
villagers added more classrooms through community volunteer efforts. By 1971, out of an estimated population
of 1,209, only 30.43% were literate (72 women and 290 men). Boys moved to the nearby towns
ofShirurandParnerto pursue higher education, but due tosocioeconomicconditions, girls could not do the
same and were limited to primary education. Hazare, along with the youth of Ralegan Siddhi, worked to
increase literacy rates and education levels. In 1976 they started a pre-school and a high school in 1979. The
villagers formed acharitable trust, the Sant Yadavbaba Shikshan Prasarak Mandal, which was registered in
1979.[citation needed]
Removal of untouchability
The social barriers and discrimination that existed due to thecaste system in Indiahave been largely
eliminated by Ralegan Siddhi villagers. It was Hazare's moral leadership that motivated and inspired the
villagers to shun untouchability and caste discrimination. Marriages of Dalits are held as part of community
marriage program together with those of other castes. The Dalits have been integrated into the social and
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economic life of the village. The upper caste villagers have built houses for the lower caste Dalits
by shramdaanand helped to repay their loans to free them from their indebtedness.[29][30][31]
Collective marriages
Most rural poor get into a debt trap as they incur heavy expenses at the time of marriage of their daughter orson. It is an undesirable practice but has almost become a social obligation in India.Ralegan'speople have
started celebrating marriages collectively. Joint feasts are held, where the expenses are further reduced by
the Tarun Mandaltaking responsibility for cooking and serving the food. The vessels, the loudspeaker system,
themandap, and the decorations have also been bought by the Tarun Mandalmembers belonging to the
oppressed castes. From 1976 to 1986, 424 marriages have been held under this system.[citation needed]
Gram Sabha
TheGandhian philosophyon rural development considers theGram Sabhaas an important democratic
institution for collective decision making in the villages of India.[32]
Hazare campaigned between 1998 and 2006
for amending the Gram Sabha Act, so that the villagers have a say in the development works in their village.
The state government initially refused, but eventually gave in due to public pressure. As per the amendments, it
is mandatory to seek the sanction of the Gram Sabha (an assembly of all village adults, and not just the few
elected representatives in the gram panchayat) for expenditures on development works in the village.[25]
Activism
Anti-corruption protests in Maharashtra
Anna Hazare listening to the problems of people atNanded, Maharashtra.
In 1991 Hazare launched the Bhrashtachar Virodhi Jan Aandolan(BVJA) (People's Movement against
Corruption), a popular movement to fight against corruption[33]in Ralegaon Siddhi. In the same year he
protested against the collusion between 40 forest officials and timber merchants. This protest resulted in the
transfer and suspension of these officials.[34]
In May 1997 Hazare protested against alleged malpractices in the purchase of powerlooms by the Vasantrao
Naik Bhathya Vimukt Jhtra GovernorP. C. Alexander.[35]On 4 November 1997 Gholap filed a defamation suit
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against Hazare for accusing him of corruption. He was arrested in April 1998 and was released on a personal
bond of 5,000 (US$100).[36]On 9 September 1998 Hazare was imprisoned in the Yerawada Jail to serve a
three-month sentence mandated by the Mumbai Metropolitan Court.[16][37]The sentencing caused leaders of all
political parties except the BJP and the Shiv Sena came in support of him.[38]Later, due to public protests, the
Government of Maharashtra ordered his release from the jail. After release, Hazare wrote a letter to then chief
ministerManohar Joshidemanding Gholap's removal for his role in alleged malpractices in the Awami
Merchant Bank.[39]Gholap resigned from the cabinet on 27 April 1999.[40]
In 2003 corruption charges were raised by Hazare against four NCP ministers of theCongress-
NCPgovernment.[41]He started hisfast unto deathon 9 August 2003. He ended his fast on 17 August 2003
after then chief ministerSushil Kumar Shindeformed a one-man commission headed by the retired justiceP.
B. Sawantto probe his charges.[42]The P. B. Sawant commission report, submitted on 23 February 2005,
indictedSureshdada Jain, Nawab Malik, andPadmasinh Patil. The report exonerated Vijaykumar Gavit. Suresh
Jain and Nawab Malik resigned from the cabinet in March 2005.[43]
Three trusts headed by Anna Hazare were also indicted in the P. B. Sawant commission report. 220,000
(US$4,180) spent by the Hind Swaraj Trustfor Anna Hazare's birthday celebrations was concluded by the
commission as illegal and amounting to a corrupt practice,[44][45]though Abhay Firodia, an industrialist
subsequently donated 248,000 (US$4,710) to the trust for that purpose.[46]The setting apart of 11 acres of its
land by the trust in favour of theZilla Parishadwithout obtaining permission from the charity commissioner was
concluded as a case of maladministration. The commission also concluded that the maintenance of accounts of
the Bhrashtachar Virodhi Janandolan Trustafter 10 November 2001 had not been according to the rules and
46,374 (US$880) spent by the Sant Yadavbaba Shikshan Prasarak Mandal Trustfor renovating a temple was
in contravention to its object of imparting secular education.[44][45]
Right to Information movement
In the early 2000s Hazare led a movement in Maharashtra state which forced the state government to enact a
revised Maharashtra Right to Information Act. This Act was later considered as the base document for
theRight to Information Act 2005 (RTI), enacted by the Union Government. It also ensured that the President
of India assented to this new Act.[47]
On 20 July 2006 the Union Cabinet amended the Right to Information Act 2005 to exclude the file noting by the
government officials from its purview. Hazare began hisfast unto deathon 9 August 2006 inAlandiagainst the
proposed amendment. He ended his fast on 19 August 2006, after the government agreed to change its earlier
decision.[48]
Regulation of Transfers and Prevention of Delay in Discharge of Official Duties
Act
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Before 2006 in the state of Maharashtra, even honest government officers were transferred to other places
according to ministers wish. Sometimes within months of being posted to a place, whereas some corrupt and
favoured officials were cozy in their postings for many years in some cases even for 10 to 20 years and since
there was not any guideline or law many government officials were reluctant to process files that contained
important public proposals and decisions. Anna fought hard for a law whereby a government servant must clear
a file within a specified time and that transfers must take place only after three years. After many years of
relentless efforts of Anna, finally on 25 May 2006 state government of Maharashtra issued a notification
announcing that the execution of the special act, The Prevention of Delay in Discharge of Official Duties Act
2006, aimed at curbing the delay by its officers and employees in discharging their duties. This act provides for
disciplinary action against officials who move files slowly and enables monitoring officials who stay too long in a
post, or in a department, and for involvement in a corrupt nexus. Within this act, it is mandatory for the
government to effect transfers of all government officers and employees, except Class IV workers, after the
stipulated three years. Act also prevents the government from effecting frequent transfers of officers before thestipulated three-year tenure, except in case of emergency and under exceptional circumstances. Maharashtra
is the first state in the country to have introduced such act.[25]However, like others, this law has also not been
followed in its true spirit.[49][50]
Campaign against liquor from food grains
Constitution of India Article 47 commits the State to raise the standard of living and improve public health, and
prohibit the consumption ofintoxicatingdrinks and drugs injurious to health.[51][52][53]
In 2007 Maharashtra Government rolled out the grain-based liquor policy aimed to encourage production of
liquor from food grain in the light of the rising demand for spirit used for industrial purposes and potable liquor
and Issue 36 licenses for distilleries for making alcohol from food grains.[53]
Anna Hazare opposed the governments policy to promote making liquor from food grains in Maharashtra. He
argued the government that Maharashtra is a food-deficit State and there was shortage of food grains and it is
not logical to promote producing liquor from food grains.[54]One of the State ministersLaxman Dhoblesaid in
his speech that those opposing the decision to allow use of food grains for the production of liquor are anti-
farmers and those people should be beaten up with sugarcane sticks.[55][56]Hazare initiated fast atShirdi, but on
21 March 2010 government promised to review the policy and Anna ended his 5 day long fast.[57]But the
government later granted 36 licences and grants of 10 (US$0.19) (per litre of alcohol) to politicians or their
sons who were directly or indirectly engaged in making alcohol from foodgrains. Some of the main beneficiaries
of these licences includes Amit and Dheeraj Deshmukh, sons of Union Heavy Industries MinisterVilasrao
Deshmukh,Bharatiya Janata PartyleaderGopinath Munde's daughter Pankaja Palwe and her husband
Charudatta Palwe, sons-in-law ofP.V. Narasimha Rao, Rajya Sabha MP Govindrao Adik.[54][58][59]The
government approved the proposal for food grain-based alcohol production in spite of stiff opposition from the
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planning and finance departments saying there is a huge demand in other countries for food grain made liquor
in comparison with that ofmolasses.[60]Anna filed aPublic Interest Litigationagainst theGovernment of
Maharashtrafor allowing food-grains for manufacturing liquor in the Nagpur bench of theBombay High Court.
On 20 August 2009 Maharashtra government stopped the policy. However, distilleries sanctioned before that
date and those who started production within two years of sanction were entitled for subsidies.
On 5 May 2011 court refused to hear a Public Interest Litigation saying "not before me, this is a court of law,
not a court of justice" as a reason of not hearing the plea.[61][62]One of Principal Secretary in Maharashtra state
C.S. Sangeet Rao, enlighten that there is no law exists to scrap these licences as this is a government
policy.[54]
Lokpal Bill movement
Anna Hazare's hunger strike atJantar MantarinNew Delhi.
Main article:2011 Indian anti-corruption movement
In 2011, Hazare initiated aSatyagrahamovement for passing a stronger anti-corruptionLokpal(ombudsman)
bill in the Indian Parliament as conceived in theJan Lokpal Bill(People's Ombudsman Bill). The Jan Lokpal Bill
was drafted earlier byN. Santosh Hegde, former justice of theSupreme Court of
IndiaandLokayuktaofKarnataka,Prashant Bhushan, a senior lawyer in the Supreme Court andArvind
Kejriwal, a social activist along with members of theIndia Against Corruptionmovement. This draft bill
incorporated more stringent provisions and wider power to the Lokpal(Ombudsman) than the draft Lokpal bill
prepared by the government in 2010.[63]These include placing "thePrime Ministerwithin the ambit of the
proposed lokpals powers".[64]
Hunger strike in Delhi
Wikinews has related
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"fast-unto-death" hunger
strike to end corruption.
Hazare began hisIndefinite Fast[65]on 5 April 2011 atJantar MantarinDelhito press for the demand to form a
joint committee of the representatives of the Government and the civil society to draft a stronger anti-corruptionbill with stronger penal actions and more independence to the Lokpaland Lokayuktas (Ombudsmen in the
states), after his demand was rejected by thePrime Minister of IndiaManmohan Singh.[66]He stated, "I will fast
until Jan Lokpal Bill is passed".[67]
The movement attracted attention in the media, and thousands of supporters. Almost 150 people reportedly
joined Hazare in his fast.[68]Social activists, includingMedha Patkar,Arvind Kejriwal, formerIPSofficerKiran
Bedi, andJayaprakash Narayanlent their support to Hazare's hunger strike and anti-corruption campaign.
People have shown suppor