annexure i -...

An

nex

ure

I

Annexure II

2001 Census Population - Panchayat Union wise

VIRUDHUNAGAR DISTRICT

2001 Census Population - Panchayat Union wise

Population Scheduled Castes Scheduled Tribes Sl.

No.

Name of

Panchayat Union

No. of

Panchayat

Villages

Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 Watrap 27 32,417 32,782 65,199 10,953 11,116 22,069 - - -

2 Srivilliputtur 29 43,635 43,751 87,386 14,519 14,639 29,158 162 148 310

3 Sivakasi 54 97,822 98,260 196,082 17,768 18,029 35,797 65 74 139

4 Virudhunagar 58 72,690 73,318 146,008 16,744 16,531 33,275 72 80 152

5 Kariapatti 36 32,775 33,019 65,794 7,559 7,510 15,069 - - -

6 Narikudi 44 31,999 33,164 65,163 7,072 7,175 14,247 - - -

7 Tiruchuli 40 37,703 38,103 75,806 5,970 6,034 12,004 47 52 99

8 Aruppukottai 32 43,840 44,751 88,591 5,904 5,984 11,888 27 28 55

9 Sattur 46 43,693 45,992 89,685 11,734 11,941 23,675 30 27 57

10 Vembakottai 48 55,263 56,918 112,181 11,384 11,699 23,083 77 68 145

11 Rajapalayam 36 67,347 68,039 135,386 18,790 19,393 38,183 142 137 279

GRAND TOTAL 450 559,184 568,097 1,127,281 128,397 130,051 258,448 622 614 1,236

Annexure III

Rajapalaiyam Block - Panchayat Villages

Number of Panchayat Villages 36

Arulputhur Ayankollankondan Chatrapatti

Chokkanathanputhur Cholapuram Dhalavoipuram

Ganapathisundaranatchiyar Gopalapuram Ilanthiraikondan

Kilavikulam Korukkampatti Krishnapuram

Kurichiyarpatti Meenakshipuram Melappattakkarisalkulam

Melarajakularaman Melur Duraisamypuram Muhavoor

Muthusamypuram Nakkaneri Nallamanaickenpatti

North Devadhanam Puthur S.ramalingapuram

Samsigapuram Sivalingapuram Solaiseri

South Devadhanam South Venganallur Sundaranatchiyarpuram

Sundararajapuram Thenkarai Vadakarai

Zamin Nallamangalam Zamin Nathampatti Zamin Kollankondan

Sattur Block - Panchayat Villages


A.ramalingapuram Ammapatti Banduvarpatti

Chatrapatti Chindappalli Chinnagollapatti

Chinnakkamanpatti Chinnaodaipatti Irukkankudi

K.mettupatti Kanjampatti Karisalpatti

Kathalampatti Kosukkundu Kumarapuram

Kundalakuthur M.nagalapuram Mettamalai

Mulliseval Muthusamypuram N.mettupatti

N.subbiahpuram Nallamuthanpatti Nalli

Nathathupatti Nenmeni O.mettupatti

Othayal Padanthal Pappakudi

Perayampatti Periagollapatti Periaodaipatti

Pethureddipatti Pothireddiapatti Pulvoipatti

Rengappanaickenpatti Sadayampatti Sankaranatham

Sinduvampatti Sirukkulam Soorangudi

Thottilovanpatti Uppathur Venkatachalapuram

Venkateswarapuram

Vembakottai Block - Panchayat Villages


A.lakshmipuram Alangulam Appayanaickenpatti

E.duraisamypuram E.ramanathapuram E.t.reddiapatti

Elayirampannai Ettakkapatti Guhanparai

Inam Reddiapatti Jegaveerampatti K.madathupatti

Kakkivadanpatti Kallamanaickenpatti Kangarakkottai

Kangarseval Kanjampatti Keelanmarainadu

Khansapuram Kommangiapuram Kongankulam

Kottaipatti Kundayiruppu M.duraisamypuram

Mamsapuram Melaottampatti Muthandiapuram

Muthusamyapuram Nathikkudi Panayadipatti

Pernaickenpatti Pulipparaipatti Ramuthevanpatti

Salwarpatti Sankarapandiapuram Sevalpatti

Sippipparai Soorarpatti Subramaniapuram

T.karisalkulam Thayilpatti Thiruvenkadapuram

Thulukkankuruchi Valayapatti Vembakottai

Vetrilaiyoorani Vijayakarisalkulam Vijayarengapuram

Annexure IV

Selected Panchayat Villages from the Three Unions

Panchayats from Rajapalayam

Panchayats from Rajapalayam Union

Panchayats Frequency Per cent

Karisalkulam 2 1.4

Kilarajaman 11 8.0

Krishnapuram 8 5.8

Kulam 1 .7

M.P.K 1 .7

Mangapuram 3 2.2

Melapattam karisal 1 .7

Muhavoor 10 7.2

Ramalingapuram 4 2.9

Samugapuram 2 1.4

Saythur 13 9.4

Therku Venganallur 1 .7

Thesampatty 2 1.4

Panchayats from Sattur Union

Panchayats from Sattur Union


Ammapatty 14 9.0

Ammerpalayam 1 .6

Irukan Kudi 16 10.3

Karupuswamy Kovil 14 9.0

Kathalampatty 2 1.3

Konakundu 1 .6

Kosugundu 3 1.9

Mattalai 2 1.3

Mattupatty 3 1.9

Meatanar 2 1.3

Metar malai 9 5.8

Mettupatty 13 8.3

Padandhal 10 6.4

Pariya kollapatty 10 6.4

Polvaipatty 10 6.4

R.D.O. Colony 4 2.6

Raganayakampatty 10 6.4


S.M.C. Colony 2 1.3

Sathrapatty 9 5.8

Sinnakaranpatty 11 7.1

Panchayats from Vembakkottai Union

Panchayats from Venbakkottai Union


Alangulam 1 .6

Anamangulam 4 2.6

Attakkam patty 10 6.4

Duraisamy uram 11 7.1

Ealayeram annai 7 4.5

Jahaviram patty 3 1.9

Kallamanayakam patty 9 5.8

Kangar sevelpatty 8 5.1

Karisalkulam 2 1.3

Kilan marai nadu 6 3.8

Kottaipatty 3 1.9

Kunda iruppo 9 5.8

Madathuppatty 7 4.5

Mamsapuram 9 5.8

Meenachi puram 3 1.9

Muthu Samy Yoor 13 8.3

Ramutheva pandian 3 1.9

Salvarapatty 1 .6

Sathrapatty 6 3.8

Sippiparai 26 16.7

Tail pattinam 6 3.8

Thulukan Kuruchi 2 1.3

Vallapatty 1 .6

Vembakkottai 6 3.8

Selected Villages and Towns: Rajapalayam Union

Village - Town Frequency Per cent

Cothainachiyapuram 5 3.6

Iyanarpuram 11 8.0

Krishnapuram 4 2.9

Mangapuram 3 2.2

Muhavoor 10 7.2

Puthukudi 1 .7

Rajapalayam 79 57.2


Samathuvapuram 1 .7

Samugapuram 2 1.4

Saythur 13 9.4

Solaisary 4 2.9

Thesampatty 2 1.4

Total 138 100.0

Selected Villages: Sattur Union


Ammapatty 2 1.3

Conampatty 1 .6

Irukan Kudi 16 10.3

Iyanar colony 4 2.6

Kalani 18 11.5

Kathalampatty 2 1.3

Konakundu 1 .6

Kosugundu 1 .6

Kumari Rattaiyapuram 4 2.6

Mayoorkathapuram 3 1.9

Meatanar 2 1.3

Metar malai 7 4.5

Mettupatty 6 3.8

MGR Colony 7 4.5

Mundal Nayakampatty 2 1.3

Muthalpatty 2 1.3

Nalli sathiram 10 6.4

Pariya kollapatty 10 6.4

Raganayakampatty 3 1.9


Rukku Manchi Colony 8 5.1

Sathiya colony 6 3.8

Sattur 27 17.3

Sinnakaranpatty 10 6.4

Total 156 100.0

Selected Villages: Vembakkottai Union


Alangulam 1 .6

Attakkam patty 10 6.4

Duraisamy puram 11 7.1

Ealayeram pannai 7 4.5

Iralavarpatty 1 .6

Jahaviram patty 3 1.9

Kallamanayakam patty 9 5.8

Kangar sevel patty 8 5.1

Karisalkulam 2 1.3

Kilan marai nadu 6 3.8

Kottaipatty 2 1.3

Kunda iruppo 9 5.8

Madathuppatty 7 4.5

Mamsapuram 9 5.8

Meenachi puram 2 1.3

Menampatty 4 2.6

Muthu Samy Yoor 13 8.3

Ramutheva pandian 3 1.9

Sathrapatty 6 3.8

Sippiparai 26 16.7

Surappatty 1 .6

Tail pattinam 6 3.8

Thulukan Kuruchi 2 1.3

Vallapatty 1 .6

Veappam koottai 6 3.8

Vijayakarisal kulam 1 .6

Total 156 100.0

Annexure V

Caste Victimization:

A Study of the Arunthathiyars in Virudhunagar District !

Interview Schedule

! Respondent No:

General Profile of the Respondent

01. Panchayat Union: 1. Rajapalayam 2. Sattur 3. Vembakottai

02. Place : 1. Village 2. Town

2.1. Name of the Place : .............................................................

2.2. If Village, which Panchayat : ………………………………

03. Gender : 1. Male 2. Female 3. Transgender

04. Age : ..........................

05. Marital Status : 1. Married 2. Unmarried 3. Widow/er 4. Separated

5. Deserted

06. Religion : 1. Hindu 2. Christian 3. Buddhist

07. Education : 1. Illiterate 2. Literate (standard completed):

.............................(e.g. 3rd

Std, 12th

Std, UG, PG....)

08. Occupation : 1. Scavenging (even rtd.) 2. Other than scavenging

3. Unemployed

! 8.1. If scavenging, where?: 1. Private (Institutions, Houses) 2. Government

Institution

8.2. If other than scavenging: 1. Private 2. Government 3. Self-employed

8.3. If other than scavenging:

8.3.1. Private (What work?) ................................................

8.3.2. Government (What work?) ........................................

8.3.3. Self-employed (What work?) .......................................

8.4. Occupation Type: 1. Contract 2. Daily wage 3. Part time

4. Permanent

09. Approximate monthly income of the family: Rs. .......... (Parents and unmarried

children)

10. Do you own agricultural land? : 1. No 2. If yes, specify how much:........(in

acres)

11. Housing: 1. Own 2. Rented 3. Govt. Housing Board 4. Lease 5.Colony

11.1. Type of House: 1. Thatched 2. Tiled 3. Cement 4. More than a floor

12. Language spoken at home other than Tamil: 1. None 2. Telugu 3. Kannada

13. Are you a member of any other Dalit movement apart from an Arunthathiyar

movement?

1. No 2. If yes, please specify ...................................................................

14. Are you a member of any political party? :

1. No 2. If yes, please specify...................................................................

15. Are you a member of any movement of Arunthathiyars?

1. No 2. If yes, please specify.................................................................

16. Socio-cultural discrimination imposed on the Arunthathiyars by high castes

Socio-cultural Discrimination Always Often Occasion

ally

Don’t

know Never

16.1 Verbal abuse 5 4 3 2 1

16.2 Kicking/ beating with hands (assault) 5 4 3 2 1

16.3 Sexual harassment 5 4 3 2 1

16.4 Forcing to eat human excreta or

drink urine 5 4 3 2 1

16.5 Double glass system 5 4 3 2 1

16.6 Forbidding wearing of shoes 5 4 3 2 1

16.7 Not giving haircut 5 4 3 2 1

16.8 Forbidding cycling along high caste

streets 5 4 3 2 1

17. Religious discrimination imposed on the Arunthathiyars by high castes

Religious Discrimination Always Often Occasion

ally

Don’t

know Never

17.1 Forbidding entry into temples 5 4 3 2 1

17.2 Forcing to clean the place and

remove used leaves during

festival meals

5 4 3 2 1

17.3 Refusing to collect taxes during

festivals 5 4 3 2 1

17.4 Refusing entry of temple cars in

your streets during festivals 5 4 3 2 1

17.5 High castes not participating in

your festivals 5 4 3 2 1

17.6 Refusing you permission to

participate in rituals 5 4 3 2 1

17.7 Forbidding touch of the festival

cars 5 4 3 2 1

17.8 Arunthathiyar women being

forbidden to carry the ‘Mulaipari’ 5 4 3 2 1

!

18. Occupational discrimination imposed on the Arunthathiyars by high castes

Works Always Often Occasion

ally

Don’t

know Never

18.1 Cleaning the streets 5 4 3 2 1

18.2 Doing manual scavenging 5 4 3 2 1

18.3 Cleaning the lavatories 5 4 3 2 1

18.4 Doing cobbling 5 4 3 2 1

18.5 Conveying death messages 5 4 3 2 1

18.6 Beating drum during deaths 5 4 3 2 1

18.7 Burying dead cattle 5 4 3 2 1

18.8 Agricultural coolie/labourer 5 4 3 2 1

19. Political discrimination imposed on the Arunthathiyars by high castes

Victimization Strongly

Agree Agree

Don’t

Know

Dis

agree

Strongly

Disagree

19.1 Arunthathiyars are being used only

as vote banks 5 4 3 2 1

19.2 Interference of high castes is high

at times of disputes among

Arunthathiyars

5 4 3 2 1

19.3 I am not allowed to freely voice my

opinion during panchayat

meetings

5 4 3 2 1

19.4 I am not allowed to freely

participate (nominate, vote) in

panchayat elections

5 4 3 2 1

19.5 Arunthathiyar leaders are seen as

rivals by other caste political

leaders

5 4 3 2 1

19.6 Making hurdles against the

development of Arunthathiyars in

politics

5 4 3 2 1

19.7 They have a low image about

Arunthathiyars as powerless 5 4 3 2 1

19.8 Inter-caste conflicts among Dalits

keep them low in politics 5 4 3 2 1

20. Caste victimization imposed on the Arunthathiyars by

20.1 High Castes Always Often Occasion

ally

Don’t

know Never

20.1.1 Verbal abuse by mentioning your

caste 5 4 3 2 1

20.1.2 Forbidding use of the public

places (public wells, ponds,

road, cremation grounds)

5 4 3 2 1

20.1.3 Sweeping the streets during

festivals 5 4 3 2 1

20.1.4 Cleaning the drainage 5 4 3 2 1

20.1.5 Cremating dead bodies 5 4 3 2 1

20.1.6 Forbidden by high castes to act

independently by Arunthathiyar

elected representatives (ward

member, panchayat president

etc.

5 4 3 2 1

20.1.7 When boldly opposing

untouchability practices

Arunthathiyars are made run

after without giving work

5 4 3 2 1

20.1.8 When boldly opposing

untouchability practices

Arunthathiyar women are

sexually harassed

5 4 3 2 1

20.2 State

The way you are treated by government

officials when you approach them

Strongly

Agree Agree

Don’t

Know

Dis

agree

Strongly

Agree

20.2.1 Making us wait for long time 5 4 3 2 1

20.2.2 You feel that they act according

to caste one belongs 5 4 3 2 1

20.2.3 Telling us to come again and

again 5 4 3 2 1

20.2.4 Scolding us by mentioning caste 5 4 3 2 1

20.2.5 Expecting bribe 5 4 3 2 1

20.2.6 Deny to implement the SC & ST

Acts 5 4 3 2 1

20.2.7 No cooperation from govt.

officers 5 4 3 2 1

20.2.8 Govt. officers are caste biased 5 4 3 2 1

20.3 Other Dalits Yes Don’t know No

20.3.1 Abusing by mentioning caste 3 2 1

20.3.2 Forbidding use of common places 3 2 1

20.3.3 Treating us as low castes 3 2 1

20.3.4 Forcing us to do menial works 3 2 1

20.3.5 Keeping us under their control 3 2 1

20.3.6 Threatening us through katta panchayat 3 2 1

20.3.7 ‘High caste consciousness’ exists among them 3 2 1

20.3.8 They never allow us to get into political power 3 2 1

21. Consequences of Caste victimization on the Arunthathiyar women.

Impacts of Victimization Strongly

Agree Agree

Don’t

Know

Dis

agree

Strongly

Disagree

21.1 Women are not consulted when

decisions are taken in your family 5 4 3 2 1

21.2 Women receive lower wages than

men 5 4 3 2 1

21.3 Women are made victims of sexual

harassment by other caste men 5 4 3 2 1

21.4 Women are not allowed to go for

paid work other than traditional

caste based work

5 4 3 2 1

21.5 No share is given to Arunthathiyar

women from their father’s

inheritance

5 4 3 2 1

21.6 Arunthathiyar women are not treated

with respect by men 5 4 3 2 1

21.7 Male children are given primary

importance in your family 5 4 3 2 1

22. Consequences of Caste victimization

Impacts of Victimization Fully

Accept!Accept

Don’t

know Deny

Fully

Deny

22.1 Low Self-esteem

22.1.1 I am not able to live with self-

respect 5 4 3 2 1

22.1.2 I do not like to be called a

Chakkaliyar 5 4 3 2 1

22.1.3 I feel that I am useless 5 4 3 2 1

22.1.4 I have low self-image, self-esteem

from my birth 5 4 3 2 1

22.1.5 It degrades my self-worth 5 4 3 2 1

22.2 Fear

22.2.1 It affects my freedom to act 5 4 3 2 1

22.2.2 It makes me live in fear of the high

castes 5 4 3 2 1

22.2.3 It prevents me from fighting

against untouchability 5 4 3 2 1

22.2.4 It reduces my courage and boldness 5 4 3 2 1

22.2.5 I am unable to react when I am

dehumanised 5 4 3 2 1

22.3 Stress

22.3.1 It creates a state of self-

depreciation 5 4 3 2 1

22.3.2 It creates mental pain/torture in me 5 4 3 2 1

22.3.3 It aggravates my hatred of my life 5 4 3 2 1

22.3.4 It makes me feel ashamed before

society 5 4 3 2 1

22.3.5 It makes me accept the

dehumanizing condition 5 4 3 2 1

!

23. Impacts of education on caste victimization of the Arunthathiyars

Impacts of Education Strongly

Agree Agree

Don’t

Know

Dis

agree

Strongly

Disagree

23.1 Education has not brought higher

status 5 4 3 2 1

23.2 Educated are also considered as

untouchables 5 4 3 2 1

23.3 Educated are also forced to behave as

others do 5 4 3 2 1

23.4 Victimization as same as others

experience 5 4 3 2 1

24. Impacts of reservation policy of Central and State governments on Caste

victimization of the Arunthathiyars

Impacts of Reservation Strongly

Agree Agree

Don’t

Know

Dis

agree

Strongly

Disagree

24.1 Benefits of reservation are being

denied 5 4 3 2 1

24.2 Social status remains the same 5 4 3 2 1

24.3 Economic status has not improved 5 4 3 2 1

24.4 Educational opportunities have not

improved 5 4 3 2 1

24.5 Continue to do menial jobs 5 4 3 2 1

24.6 Not increase in opportunities for

govt. jobs 5 4 3 2 1

24.7 Not increase in participation in

panchayats 5 4 3 2 1

24.8 Not increase in involvement in

politics 5 4 3 2 1

24.9 Only other Dalits enjoy reservation

benefits 5 4 3 2 1

24.10 Atrocities and untouchable

practices have not stopped 5 4 3 2 1

25. Impacts of activities of Arunthathiyar movements on Caste victimization of the

Arunthathiyars

Impacts of Movements Strongly

Agree Agree

Don’t

Know

Dis

agree

Strongly

Disagree

25.1 Decrease in atrocities against

Arunthathiyars 5 4 3 2 1

25.2 Increase in political awareness

and power 5 4 3 2 1

25.3 Able to solve the problems by

ourselves 5 4 3 2 1

25.4 Able to fight to safeguard our

rights 5 4 3 2 1

25.5 Increase in awareness among

Arunthathiyar youth to act

against atrocities

5 4 3 2 1

25.6 Increase in social awareness

among Arunthathiyar women 5 4 3 2 1

25.7 Police and Government officials

begin to give respect to us 5 4 3 2 1

25.8 Making us free from the

victimization of untouchability 5 4 3 2 1

26. Are you aware of the following laws?

Laws !Know

fully Know

Know

a little

Don’t

know

26.1 Protection of Civil Rights Act, 1955 4 3 2 1

26.2 SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 4 3 2 1

26.3 The Employment of Manual Scavengers

and Construction of Dry Latrines

(Prohibition) Act, 1993

4 3 2 1

26.4 Constitution of India, 1949 - Fundamental

Rights 4 3 2 1

26.5 Right to Information Act, 2005 4 3 2 1

27. Your opinion on 3% of inner reservation for Arunthathiyars by the Government of

Tamil Nadu Yes Don’t know No!!

27.1) Reservation not needed 3 2 1

27.2) 3 % is enough 3 2 1

27.3) To be increased more 3 2 1

28. Are the media (TV, newspapers) publishing news on atrocities against the

Arunthathiyars?

1. Very much 2. Much 3. Don’t know 4. Little 5. Nothing

29. Empowerment actions to be liberated from caste victimization of the Arunthathiyars

Empowerment Process Fully

accept Accept

Don’t

know Deny

Fully

Deny

29.1 I have a deep desire to prepare my

children to become high professionals

like I.A.S., I.P.S etc.

5 4 3 2 1

29.2 Government should take full

responsibility to give free and

compulsory education to Arunthathiyars

5 4 3 2 1

29.3 My children should not do our traditional

works 5 4 3 2 1

29.4 High castes should develop the attitude to

accept Arunthathiyars with their full

rights and dignity

5 4 3 2 1

29.5 All should have the equal opportunity to

participate in all religious activities 5 4 3 2 1

29.6 Arunthathiyars should involve in jobs that

provide greater physical security 5 4 3 2 1

29.7 Preference should be given to

Arunthathiyars in employment

opportunities

5 4 3 2 1

29.8 Arunthathiyar women should be given

equal decision-making power on family

matters

5 4 3 2 1

29.9 Arunthathiyar women should be given

equal opportunities in education,

employment and politics

5 4 3 2 1

29.10 Increase the involvement of

Arunthathiyars in politics 5 4 3 2 1

29.11 Reservation and reservation within

reservations should be given in private

sectors as well

5 4 3 2 1

29.12 Government should increase the

reservation within reservations to 6% in

order to help Arunthathiyars attain more

benefits

5 4 3 2 1

29.13 Priority should be given to rural

Arunthathiyars in all government

programmes

5 4 3 2 1

29.14 Two acres of cultivable land should be

granted to landless Arunthathiyars 5 4 3 2 1

29.15 A separate ministry for Arunthathiyar

Welfare should be established by the

state government to concentrate on the

development of Arunthathiyars

5 4 3 2 1

29.16 All Arunthathiyar movements should

come under one banner to achieve their

liberation from caste victimization

5 4 3 2 1

29.17 Arunthathiyars should join hands with

other Dalit movements in order to

achieve liberation from caste

victimization

5 4 3 2 1

29.18 Arunthathiyars should join hands with

other revolutionary

movements/organizations in order to

achieve liberation from caste

victimization

5 4 3 2 1

29.19 Wholeheartedly support inter-caste

marriages 5 4 3 2 1

29.20 Goal is to fight for the annihilation of

caste 5 4 3 2 1

30. Any Other Recommendations ……………………………………………

Annexure VI

Questions for Focused Group Discussion

1. Which is the root cause for all the victimizations experienced by the

Arunthathiyars?

2. How is the relationship between the Telugu speaking and Kannada speaking

Arunthathiyars?

3. What is the level of education of the Arunthathiyars and particularly the

Arunthathiyar women?

4. Why are the Arunthathiyars settlements located outside of a village?

5. Why women do scavenging works more than men?

6. What do the educated Arunthathiyars feel about the scavenging works?

7. What is the perception of the Arunthathiyars about the political parties and

movements of the other Dalits?

8. Do the Arunthathiyars accept whole heartedly the movements of the other Dalits

as partner movements in the process of caste annihilation?

9. What is the basic foundation of all kinds of caste discriminations?

10. How do the Arunthathiyars look at the political parties and do the political parties

respect the Arunthathiyars?

11. Do the Arunthathiyars show in interest in being members of the movements of the

other Dalits?

12. Which discrimination is the main cause for caste victimization of the

Arunthathiyars?

13. A significant number of samples among the Arunthathiyars in Virudhunagar

district feel that other Dalits also strongly contribute to the caste victimization of

the Arunthathiyars – why?

14. Is the joint action of the Arunthathiyar movements possible and how?

15. What impacts have the Arunthathiyar movements made on the Arunthathiyar

women?

16. What is the role of the Arunthathiyar women in the Arunthathiyar movements?

17. Education will bring a real social change from the caste victimization of the

Arunthathiyars- Do you agree?

18. Will inner reservation be a solution to the issues of caste victimization of the

Arunthathiyars?

19. Does the government show interest in creating awareness on the laws and policies

which are made for the development and protection of the Arunthathiyars?

20. What are the psychological impacts of the caste victimization on the

Arunthathiyars?

21. How do you assess the role of NGOs and other movements in the process of

empowerment of the Arunthathiyars?

22. What is the role of media in the process of empowerment of the Arunthathiyars?

Annexure VII

Path Co-efficient (Direct and Indirect) of Path Analysis

Dependent Variable: Caste Victimization

Independent

Variable

Co-efficient of

Determination Path Co-efficient t-value

Significant

level

Socio-cultural

Discrimination 0.1425 0.3776 8.631 0.01

Religious

Discrimination 0.3172 0.5632 14.428 0.01

Occupational

Discrimination 0.4586 0.6772 19.483 0.01

Political

Discrimination 0.4443 0.6666 18.929 0.01

Dependent Variable: Women

Independent

Variable

Co-efficient of


Significant

level

Socio-cultural

Discrimination 0.068 0.2602 5.705 0.01

Religious

Discrimination 0.1535 0.3919 9.016 0.01

Occupational

Discrimination 0.3567 0.5972 15.761 0.01

Political

Discrimination 0.2908 0.5393 13.554 0.01

Caste Victimization 0.3407 0.5837 15.215 0.01

Dependent Variable: Low Self-Esteem

Independent

Variable

Co-efficient of


Significant

level

Socio-cultural

Discrimination 0.0291 0.1707 4.724 0.01

Religious

Discrimination 0.1136 0.3371 7.577 0.01

Occupational

Discrimination 0.234 0.4837 11.698 0.01

Political

Discrimination 0.1436 0.3789 8.666 0.01


Dependent Variable: Fear

Independent

Variable

Co-efficient of


Significant

level

Socio-cultural

Discrimination 0.0144 0.120 2.555 0.01

Religious

Discrimination 0.1109 0.333 7.475 0.01

Occupational

Discrimination 0.2394 0.4893 11.875 0.01

Political

Discrimination 0.2127 0.4612 11.002 0.01


Dependent Variable: Stress

Independent

Variable

Co-efficient of


Significant

level

Socio-cultural

Discrimination 0.013 0.115 2.488 0.01

Religious

Discrimination 0.1023 0.32 7.147 0.01

Occupational

Discrimination 0.198 0.445 10.518 0.01

Political

Discrimination 0.1858 0.4310 10.11 0.01


Path Analysis

Dependent Variable: Women

Variables Direct

Effect Indirect Effect

Total

Effect

Socio-cultural Discrimination 0.2602 0.3776 x 0.5837 = 0.2201 0.4803

Religious Discrimination 0.3919 0.5632 x 0.5837 = 0.3287 0.7206

Occupational Discrimination 0.5972 0.6772 x 0.5837 = 0.3953 0.9925

Political Discrimination 0.5393 0.6666 x 0.5837 = 0.3891 0.9284

Dependent Variable: Low Self-esteem

Variables Direct


Total

Effect





Dependent Variable: Fear

Variables Direct


Total

Effect





Dependent Variable: Stress

Variables Direct


Total

Effect





Annexure VIII

THE SCHEDULE (SCHEDULED CASTES).

PART XVI – TAMIL NADU.

1. Adi Andhra

2. Adi Dravida

3. Adi Karnataka

4. Ajila

5. Arunthathiyar

6. Ayyanavar (in Kanyakumari district and Shenkottah taulk of Tirunelveli district).

7. Baira

8. Bakuda

9. Bandi

10. Bellara

11. Bharatar (in Kanyakumari district and Shenkottah taulk of Tirunelveli district).

12. Chakkiliyan

13. Chalavadi

14. Chamar, Muchi

15. Chandala

16. Cheruman

17. Devendrakulathan

18. Dom, Dombara, Paidi, Pano

19. Domban

20. Godagali

21. Godda

22. Gosangi

23. Holeya

24. Jaggali

25. Jambuvulu

26. Kadaiyan

27. Kakkalan (in Kanyakumari district and Shenkottah taulk of Tirunelveli district).

28. Kalladi

29. Kanakkan, Padanna (in the Nilgiris district).

30. Karimpalan

31. Kavara (in Kanyakumari district and Shenkottah taulk of Tirunelveli district).

32. Koliyan

33. Koosa

34. Kootan, Koodan (in Kanyakumari district and Shenkottah taulk of Tirunelveli

district).

35. Kudumban

36. Kuravan, Sidhanar

37. Madari

38. Madiga

39. Maila

40. Mala

41. Mannan (in Kanyakumari district and Shenkottah taulk of Tirunelveli district).

42. Mavilan

43. Moger

44. Mundala

45. Nalakeyava

46. Nayadi

47. Padannan (in Kanyakumari district and Shenkottah taulk of Tirunelveli

district).

48. Pagadai

49. Pallan

50. Palluvan

51. Pambada

52. Panan (in Kanyakumari district and Shenkottah taulk of Tirunelveli district).

53. Panchama

54. Pannadi

55. Panniandi

56. Paraiyan, Parayan, Sambavar

57. Paravan (in Kanyakumari district and Shenkottah taulk of Tirunelveli district).

58. Pathiyan (in Kanyakumari district and Shenkottah taulk of Tirunelveli district).

59. Pulayan, Cheramar

60. Puthirai Vannan

61. Raneyar

62. Samagara

63. Samban

64. Sapari

65. Semman

66. Thandan (in Kanyakumari district and Shenkottah taulk of Tirunelveli district).

67. Thoti

68. Tiruvalluvar

69. Vallon

70. Valluvan

71. Vannan (in Kanyakumari district and Shenkottah taulk of Tirunelveli district).

72. Vathiriyan

73. Velan

74. Vetan (in Kanyakumari district and Shenkottah taulk of Tirunelveli district).

75. Vettiyan

76. Vettuvan (in Kanyakumari district and Shenkottah taulk of Tirunelveli district).

Annexure IX

The List of the Arunthathiyar MLAs in Tamil Nadu Assembly

Year Constituency Names of the Members

Number

of

Aruntha

thiyars

Reserved

Constitu

encies

Number

of

Ministers

1951 Vellore

Pollachi

A. Jeganathan (Cong)

K.P.Palanichamy (Cong) 2 ---- ----

1957 Coimbatore K.P.Palanichamy (Cong) 1 38 ----

1962

Namakkal

Coimbatore

Mallasamuthram

S. Chinnaiyan (Cong)

K.P.Palanichamy (Cong)

R.Nallamuthu (D.M.K)

3 37 ----

1967 Sangagiri Nallamuthu (D.M.K) 1 43 ----

1972 ----

1977

Sangagiri

Namakkal

Anthiyoor

Dhanabal (ADMK)

S.Arunachalam (ADMK)

Gurusamy (ADMK)

3 42 1

1980

Avinasi

Sangagiri

Namakkal

Anthiyoor

Palanichami (F. Block)

Dhanabal (ADMK)


Gurusamy (ADMK)

4 42 1

1984

Rajapalayam

Sangagiri

Namakkal

Anthiyoor

Mokkaiyan (F. Block)

Dhanabal (ADMK)


A. Mathaiyan (ADMK)

4 42 1

1989 Avinasi

Dharapuram

Lakshmi (ADMK)

Santhakumari (DMK) 2 42 ----

1991 Namakkal Duraichamy (DMK) 1 42 ----

1996 Perambur

Anthiyoor

M. P. Sekhar (ADMK)

Selvaraj (DMK) 2 42 ----

2001

Thalaivasal

Avinasi

Anthiyoor

Rani (TMK)

Mahalingam (ADMK)

Krishnan (PMK)

3 42 1

2006

Sangagiri

Sangagiri

Anthiyoor

Dhanabal (ADMK)

Duraichamy (DMK)

Gurusamy (DMK)

3 42 ----

2011

Avinasi

Rasipuram

Avinasi

Prema (ADMK)

Dhanabal (ADMK)

Karuppu samy (ADMK)

3 42 ----

Annexure X

Leading Arunthathiyar Movements in Tamil Nadu

1. Aadhi Thamizhar Liberation Front – Mr. Ravikumar

2. Aadhi Thamilar Makkal Katchy - Kalyanasundaram

3. Aadhi Thamizhar Peravai – Mr. Adhiyaman

4. All India Arunthathiyar Front – Mr. Easwaravel

5. Ambedkar Development Organisation – Mr. Mohandas

6. Arunthamizhar Viduthalai Iyyakkam – Mr. Sakkayan

7. Arunthathiyar Coordination Forum – Mr. Gauthaman & Co.

8. Arunthathiyar Ezhuchi Peravai – Mr. Muthuraman

9. Arunthathiyar Ezhuchi Orunginappu Kuzhu – Mr. Jawahar

10. Arunthathiyar Human Rights Forum – Mr. Shanmugam

11. Arunthathiyar League – Mr. Poigai M.N. Rajagopal

12. Arunthathiyar Liberation Front – Mr. Chenniah

13. Arunthathiyar Livelihood Rights Movement – Mr. M. Sakthivel

14. Arunthathiyar Maha Sabha – Mr. Mariadoss

15. Arunthathiyar Mahajanasabai – Mr. Marunkkaalangulam Mathew

16. Arunthathiyar Makkal Iyyakkam – Mr. Prathaban

17. Arunthathiyar Makkal Munnetra Iyyakkam – S. A. Karuppusamy

18. Arunthathiyar People’s Development Front – Mr. Thangavel

19. Arunthathiyar People’s Movement – Mr. Arangapperumal

20. Arunthathiyar People’s Party – Mr. Valasai Ravichandran

21. Arunthathiyar Separate Reservation Struggle Group – Mr. Sekar

22. Arunthathiyar Women’s Empowerment Movement – Ms. K. Muthumari

23. Arunthathiyar Youth Forum – Mr. Ganesh Kannan

24. Chennai Arunthathiyar Sangam – Mr. H.M. Jegannathan

25. Dalit Kalai Ilakkiya Kazhagam – Mr. Siva

26. Dr. Ambedkar Scavenging Workers Forum – Mr. Rajamanikam

27. Jegajeevanram Democratic People’s Movement – Mr. Raman

28. Madurai Veeran People’s Party – Mr. Venayagamoorthy

29. National Schedule Caste Welfare Rights Movement – Mr. M. V. Ramasamy

30. Ondiveeran Youth Forum – Mr. Sankara Pandiyan

31. People’s Liberation Front – Mr. Marimuthu

32. Puratchi Puligal – Mr. Thileeban

33. Samathuvasamaajam – Mr. M.P. Bharathy

34. Scheduled Castes (Arunthathiyar) Government Employees Forum – Mr.

Muthusamy

35. Social Liberation Front – Mr. Rajasekaran

36. South Indian Sakkiliar Forum – Mr. Mayakrishnan

37. Tamil Nadu Adi Andhra Arunthathiyar Movement – K. R. Nagarajan

38. Tamil Nadu All Arunthathiyar Sangam's Co-Ordination – Mr. M.P.

Perumalraj

39. Tami Nadu Arunthathiyar Democratic Front – Mr. Gauthaman

40. Tamil Nadu Arunthathiyar Front – Mr. Marichami

41. Tamil Nadu Arunthathiyar Sangam – Mr. Nagalingam

42. Tamil Nadu Arunthathiyar Uzhiyar Sangam – Mr. Ottanatham O.M. Saamy

43. Tamil Nadu Arunthathiyar Liberation Movement – Mr. Thirumurugaselvan

44. Tamil Nadu Dalit Liberation Federation – Dalit Subramani

45. Tamil Nadu Sakkiliar Forum – Mr. Kalimuthu

46. Tamil Nadu Schedule Caste Welfare Rights Movement – Mr. Mani

47. Tamil Nadu Thaalthapattor Welfare Council – Mr. P. T. Velan

48. Tamil Puligal – Mr. Nagai Thiruvalluvan

49. Tamilar Liberation Movement – Mr. Venmani

50. Uzhaikkum Makkal Empowerment Forum – Mr. Dharmar

annexure i -...

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