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(i).Model Creation.

A detailed model of the component is drawn is 2D or 3D space according to the

requirement. The model can also be made in preprocessor or some different CAD package and

data can be then transferred to make a new model according to the analysis being carried out.

(ii). Applying Mesh.

Mesh generation is a process of dividing the analysis process into finite element

to set better results. The finer the mesh more accurate the results and longer the time taken.

Aim of mesh generation is to create a minimum number of elements is order to

reduce the processing time.

(iii). Assigning Properties.

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Material properties such as density, thermal conductivity coefficient of heat etc

are defined and their effects are analyzed under different operating conditions. Optimization goal

such as addition of material and removal and design modifications are also defined. Areas where

in weight can be reduced are indicated along with design suggestions to minimize the chances of

part failure.

May FEA programs also equipped with the capability to use multiple materials

within structure such as

i. Isotropic.

ii. Orthotropic.

iii. Anisotropic.

Types of Analysis

(i).Structural Analysis:

Consists of linear and non-linear models. Linear models use simple parameters

and assume that the material is not plastically deformed non linear models consists of stressing

the material part its elastic capabilities.

(ii). Vibration Analysis.

It is used to test the material against random vibrations. Shock and impact each of

these incidents may act upon natural frequency of the incidents may act upon natural frequency

of the material which is turn may cause resonance and subsequent failure.

(iii).Fatigue Analysis.

Fatigue analysis helps designers to predict the life of material or structure by

showing the effects of cyclic loading.

(iv).Heat Transfer analysis.

Heat transfer analysis models the conductivity or thermal fluid dynamic of the

material or structure. This may consists of a steady state or transient transfer.

Results of finite element analysis

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FEA has become a solution to the task of predicting failure due to

unknown stresses by showing problems is a material and allowing designers to see all the

theoretical stresses within. This method of product design and testing is far superior to the

manufacturing costs which would be accurate if each sample was actually built and tested.

EX.NO:01 SPACE TRUSS ANALYSIS

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Date:00.02.13

AIM:

To determine displacement and reaction forces at joints and supports of space

truss and compare results with ANSYS results.

PROBLEM DESCRIPTION:

A 3D space truss is made of steel (E=200Gpa) and is to support the load. All

dimensions are is centimeters. Cross sectional area of each member is 20cm2. As it is a space

truss 3D spar element link and is used for analysis one real constant set and are material model

are defined. The joint displacements reactions at supports are determined.

PROCEDURE:

PREPROCESSOR:

1. In main menu select preprocessor element type Add/Edit/delete.

2. On the element type dialog box click add. On element type library select structural link in

the left list box and then select 3D finit stn 180 in the right list box. Click ok to accept the

element.

3. In main menu select preprocessor Real constant Add/edit/delete.

4. On real constant dialog box, Click add. On the element types for real constants dialog

box. Select link8 under choose element type and click ok.

5. On the real constant set number1 for link8 dialog box enter 20 for cross sectional area.

Click ok.

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6. In main menu select preprocessor Material properties Material models. On the

define material model behavior dialog box. Double click structural linear elastic

isotropic in the material models available box.

7. On the linear isotropic properties for material number dialog box. Enter 20E6 for Ex and

click ok. Set PRXY to 0.0

8. In the main menu select preprocessor modeling create nodes In active CS.

On create nodes in active CS system enter 1 for node number & (120,0,0) for X,Y,Z

location Click ok. Create elements 2,3,4 and 5 using data from below table.

In the main menu select preprocessor modeling create elements autonumbered Thru nodes. Pick node 1 and node 2 using left mouse button. Repeated again

create elements 2,3,4,5,6,7,8 and 9 using the below table.

Element No

Coordinates in Global Cartesian System

Local Node 1 Local Node 2

1 1 4

2 1 2

3 1 3

4 1 5

5 2 4

6 2 5

7 3 4

8 3 5

9 4 5

9. In the main menu select solution define loads apply structural displacement

on nodes. Pick nodes 2, 3, 4 and click apply on the apply U ROT on nodes picking menu.

Node NoCoordinates in Global Cartesian System

X (cm) Y (cm) Z (cm)

1 120 0 0

2 0 0 -60

3 0 0 60

4 0 120 0

5 0 0 0

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10. On the apply U ROT on nodes dialog box select all DOF from the DOFs to be

constrained list box. Click ok.

11. In the main menu select solution define loads apply structural force/moment

value on nodes pick nodes 1, 5 and click apply.

12. On the apply F/M on nodes dialog box select FY from direction of Force/moment drop

down box and enter -2000 for value click apply.

13. Again pick nodes 1, 5 and click apply. Select FZ from the direction of force/moment drop

down box and enter -1000 for force/moment value and click ok.

SOLUTION:

14. In the main menu select solution solve current LS click ok. On the Solve current

load step dialog box. Close solution done. Close the dialogue box.

GENERAL POST PROCESSOR:

15. In the main menu select general post processor plot result contour plot

nodal solution DOF Solution X component of displacement.

16. Nodal Solution DOF solution Y component of displacement.

17. Select nodal solution DOF solution Z component of displacement.

18. In the main menu select general post processor list results nodal solution. Select

nodal solution DOF solution displacement vector sum and click ok.

19. Review the results and close command window.

20. From utility menu select file exit save all and Click ok.

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RESULT:

Thus the nodal deflection and reaction forces of the truss are determined using ANSYS.

(a). Nodal displacement

Node NoDisplacement in "cm" along

X axis Y axis Z axis

1 -2.116 X 10-3

-2.116 X 10-3 -0.838 X 10-3

5 -0.419 X 10-3 6 X 10-3 -0.75 X 10-3

(b). Reaction forces at supports

Node NoReaction forces in "N" along

X axis Y axis Z axis

2 2000 0 1500

3 0 0 500

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4 -2000 4000 0

EX.NO: 02 ANALYSIS OF A LONG CYLINDER PRESSURE VESSEL

Date: 00.02.13

AIM:

To analyze a long cylinder pressure vessel and to determine the maximum deflection,

tangential and radial stresses.


A long cylinder pressure vessel of inside diameter 10cm and outside diameter 20cm is

subjected to an internal pressure 10kN/cm2. 20 structural solid element plane 82 is used to

perform analysis.

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PROCEDURE:

PREPROCESSOR:

1. In the main menu select preprocessor Element type Add/Edit/Delete on the library

of element dialog box select structural solid in the left list box and then select Quad 8 node 82 in

the right list box. Select axis symmetric from element behavior drop down box and click Ok.

2. In main menu preprocessor materials properties material models double click

structural linear elastic isotropic in right list box.

3. Enter 2.1E7 for EX & 0.3 for PRXY.

4. Select preprocessor modeling create key points Inactive CS on the create key

points in active co-ordinate system dialog box enter 1 for key point number and (10,0,0) for XYZ

location in active cs.

5. Select preprocessor modeling create Areas Arbitrary Through KPS

6. Pick key points 1,2,3,4 click ok on the picking menu.

7. Select preprocessor Meshing Size Controls Manual Size Global Size on the

global element sizes dialog box enter 20 for number of element divisions and click Ok.

8. Select Preprocessor Meshing Mesh Areas Free Boundary Loading

Conditions.

9. Select Preprocessor Loads Define loads apply structural displacements On

modes on the apply u, ROT to be constrained and click Ok.

10. In the utility menu select entities, select plot Replot, Select Entities

11. Select Preprocessor Loads Define Loads Apply Structural Pressure On

nodes on the apply press on elements dialog box enter 10,000 for load press value.

12. Select everything

13. Plot elements click save DB in ansys tool bar.

SOLUTION:

14. In the main menu select solution solve current LS click ok. On the Solve

current load step dialog box. Close solution done. Close the dialogue box.


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15. Select general post processor plot results contour plot nodal solutions.

16. Select nodal solutions stress X component stress contour nodal solution dialog

box select nodal solution stress Z component of stress Clock Ok.

17. In the main menu select general post processor list results Nodal solution on the listnodal solution data dialog box.

18. Select nodal solution stress X component of stress Click Ok.

19. Review and close the PRNSOL command window. In the utility menu select File

Exit on the exit from ansys select save everything and click Ok.

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RESULT:

Thus the maximum deflection, tangential and radial stress induced in long cylindrical pressure

vessel in determined using ANSYS.

Maximum hoop stress = 6665.58N/ cm2

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Maximum radial stress=-99984.51N/cm2

EX.NO: 03 AXIAL DEFLECTION OF OPEN COILED HELICAL SPRING

Date: 00.02.13

AIM:

To determine the deflection of an open coil helical spring.


An open coiled helical spring consist of 10 coils of mean diameter 5cm the wire forming the

coils bring 6mm diameter and making a constant angle of 300 with planes perpendicular to the

axis of spring. The spring is attached to a tensile load of 125N E=2.1E7N/cm2, G=8.4E6 N/cm2.

The spring is analyzed for maximum deflection 3D-10 node tetrahedral structural solid elementsolid 92 is used to perform the analysis.

PROCEDURE:

PREPROCESSOR:

1. Initially click the preferences and select the structural preferences structural Ok

2. In the main menu select preprocessor Element Type Add/Edit/Delete on the library

of element types dialog box select structural solid in the box and select Tet 10 node 92 in

the right list box.

3. Select preprocessor Material Props Material models Double click structural

Linear Elastic Orthotropic Enter 2.1E7 for Ex, EY,EZ and 8.4E6 for Gxy, Gyz, Gzx.

4. Select preprocessor Modeling Create Key points inactive CS Enter (0,0,0) for

x,y,z location.

5. Select work plane select and change active CS to global co-ordinates.

6. Select preprocessor Modeling Create Lines In Active CS co-ordinates pick key

points 21 and 22 in the same order and close the picking menu.

7. In the utility menu select work plane off set wp by increments enter(0,0,90) for

xy,yz,zx angles and Click Ok.

8. Select preprocessor Modeling Create Areas Circle Solid Circle enter 0.3 for

radius and click Ok.

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9. Select Preprocessor Modeling Operate Extrude Areas Along lines Pick

area 1 and click Ok.

10. Select preprocessor Meshing Mash tool on the mesh tool dialog box click mesh and

click pick all from mesh volumes picking menu.

11. Select preprocessor Loads define Loads Apply Structural Displacement On

Areas Pick Area and click Ok . Select all DOF and click Ok.

12. Select Preprocessor Loads Define loads Apply Structural Force/Moment

On key points Pick key points and click Ok.

13. On the apply Force/Moment on key points dialog box select Fz from direction of

Force/Moment drop down box and enter 125 for Force/Moment value.

SOLUTION:

14. In the main menu select Finish and select solution Solve Current Ls.

15. In the main menu select finish.


16. Select general post processor Plot results Counter Plot Nodal solution Select

Nodal Solution DOF solution Z component of displacement Click Ok.

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RESULT:

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Thus the axial deflection of an open coil is determined of an open coil helical spring is

determined using ANSYS.

Minimum axial deflection =-0.003329cm

Maximum axial deflection=1.229cm

EX.NO:6 MODAL ANALYSIS ON CANTILEVER BEAM

Date: 00.02.13

AIM:

To determine displacement at modal points of cantilever beam using ANSYS and

analysis the modal results.


NOMENCLATURE:

L =5m, Length of beam

b =0.5m, Cross Section Base

h =0.5m Cross Section Height

E=7*1010N/m^2, Youngs Modulus of Aluminum

=0.35, Poissons Ratio of Aluminum

=2700kg/m^3, Density of Aluminum

=1/192 m^4, Moment of Inertia

In this module, we will introduce the ANSYS MechanicalAPDL Vibration AnalysisType. This uses the Modal solution method. This tutorial will explore the free vibration of a

cantilever beam modeled with 1D BEAM elements and we will extract the natural frequencies

and mode shapes at these frequencies.

PROCEDURE

PREFERENCES

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1. Go to Main Menu Preferences

2. Check the box that says Structural

3. Click OK

KEY POINTS

Since we will be using 1D Elements, our goal is to model the length of the beam.

1. Go to Main Menu Preprocessor Modeling Create Keypoints On Working

Plane

2. Click Global Cartesian

3. In the box underneath, write: 0,0,0. This will create a key point at the origin.

4. Click Apply

5. Repeat Steps 3 and 4 for 5,0,0

6. Click Ok

7. The Triad in the top left corner is blocking keypoint 1.To get rid of the triad, type /triad,offin Utility Menu Command Prompt

8. Go to Utility Menu Plot Replot

LINE

1. Go to Main Menu Preprocessor Modeling Create Lines Lines Straight

Line

2. Select Pick

3. Select List of Items

4. Type 1,2 for points previously generated.

5. Click Ok

PREPROCESSOR

1. Go to Main Menu Preprocessor Element Type Add/Edit/Delete Add

2. Click Beam 2D Elastic 3 .Click OK

REAL CONSTANTS AND MATERIAL PROPERTIES.

Now we will dimension our beam.

1. Go to Main Menu Preprocessor Real Constants Add/Edit/Delete

2. Click Add

3. Choose Type 1 Beam3 Click OK

4. Under Cross-sectional area AREA enter 1/4

5. Under Area moment of inertia IZZ Enter 1/192

6. Under Total beam height HEIGHT enter 0.5 Click OK

7. Click Close

Now we must specify Youngs Modulus, Poissons Ratio and Density

1. Go to Main Menu Preprocessor Material Props Material Models

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2. Go to Material Model Number 1 Structural Linear Elastic Isotropic

3. Input 7E10 for the Youngs Modulus in EX.

4. Input 0.35 for Poissons Ratio in PRXY .Click OK

5. Go to Material Model Number 1 Structural Density

6. Input 2700 for the Density in DENS .Click OK

7. close Of Define Material Model Behavior window

MESHING

1. Go to Main Menu Preprocessor Meshing Mesh Tool

2. Go to Size Controls: Global Set

3. Under NDIV No. of element divisions put 10. This will create a mesh of a total 10

elements .Click OK

4. Click Mesh

5. Click Pick All

6. Go to Utility Menu Plot Nodes7. Go to Utility Menu Plot Controls Numbering

8. Check NODE Node Numbers to ON .Click OK

DISPLACEMENT

1. Go to Main Menu Preprocessor Loads Define Loads Apply Structural

Displacement On Nodes

2. Select Pick Single and click node 1.Click OK

3. Under Lab2 DOFs to be constrained select All DOF

4. Under Value Displacement value enter 0 .Click OK

SOLUTION

Analysis Type

1. Go to Main Menu Solution Analysis Type New Analysis

2. Choose Modal .Click OK

3. Go to Main Menu Solution Analysis Type Analysis Options

4. Under No. of modes to extract enter 8 .Click OK

5. Since there is no added Frequency, click OK in Block Lanczos Window

6. Go to Main Menu Solution Solve Current LS

GENERAL POSTPROCESSOR

Natural frequencies

Go to Main Menu General Postproc List Results Detailed Summary

MODE SHAPE

To view the mode shapes that correspond to these frequencies:

1. Go to Main Menu General Postproc Read Results By Pick

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2. Select the lowest Eigenvalue: Set 1 Click Read.Click Close

3. Go to Main Menu General Postproc Plot Results Deformed Shape

4. Under KUND Items to be plotted select Def + undeformed .Click OK

RESULT:

Thus the displacement at modal points of cantilever beam can be determined using ANSYS

and analysis the modal results.

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EX.NO:07 THERMAL MIXED BOUNDARY

Date:00.02.13 [CONDUCTION, CONVECTION AND INSULATED]

AIM:

Analysis of a simple conduction as well as a mixed conduction, convection and isolation

problem is carried out. The mixed conduction, convection and isolation boundary conditions.

Example is constrained as shown in fig. assume section to be infinite long.

PROCEDURE:

PREPROCESSOR:

1. Create geometry.

Modelling create areas rectangle by 2 corners x=0 y=0 width = 1

height = 1

2. Element type.

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Preprocessor element type Add/Edit/Delete Select thermal mass

solid Quad4node 55.

3. Material properties.

Preprocessor material props material model Thermal conductivity Isotropic kxx=1v

4. Mesh size.

Preprocessor meshing size control manual Size areas all areas.

5. Mesh.

Preprocessor meshing mesh areas free pick all.

6. Define load.

Solution define load apply thermal temperature on lines.

7. Apply convection boundary convection.

Solution define loads apply thermal convection on lines.

8. Apply insulated boundary condition.

Solution define loads apply thermal Convection on lines.

9. Solve.

Solution solve current LS Solution is done.

10. Read Results.

General post processor plot results contour plot Nodal solution DOF

solution temperature.

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RESULT:

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The mixed boundary [conduction/convection/insulation] for given example were

determined using ANSYS.

EX.NO:08 BRIDGE STRUCTURE ANALYSES

Date:00.02.13

AIM:

To determine stresses and the vertical displacements at joints and supports of bridge structure

with ABAQUS results.


The two dimensional bridge structure, which consists of steel Tsections, is simply

supported at its lower corners. A uniform distributed load of 1000 N/m is applied to the lower

horizontal members in the vertical downward direction.

Determine the stresses and the vertical displacements.

PROCEDURE:

1. Start Abaqus and choose to create a new model database

2. In the model tree double click on the Parts node (or right click on parts and select

Create)

3. In the Create Part dialog box (shown above) name the part and

a. Select 2D Planar

b. Select Deformablec. Select Wire

d. Set approximate size = 20

e. Click Continue

4. Create the geometry shown below (not discussed here)

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5. Double click on the Materials node in the model tree

a. Name the new material and give it a description

b. Click on the Mechanical tabElasticityElastic

c. Define Youngs Modulus and Poissons Ratio (use SI units)

WARNING: There are no predefined system of units within Abaqus, so the user is responsiblefor ensuring that the correct values are specified

d. Click OK

6. Double click on the Profiles node in the model tree

a. Name the profile and select T for the shape

i. Note that the T shape is one of several predefined crosssections

b. C lick Continue

c. Enter the values for the profile shown below

d. Click OK

7. Double click on the Sections node in the model tree

a. Name the section Beam Properties and select Beam for both the category and

the type

b. Click Continue

c. Leave the section integration set to During Analysis

d. Select the profile created above (TSection)

e. Select the material created above (Steel)

f. Click OK

8. Expand the Parts node in the model tree, expand the node of the part just created, anddouble click on

Section Assignments

a. Select the entire geometry in the viewport and press Enter

b. Select the section created above (Beam Properties)

c. Click OK

9. Expand the Assembly node in the model tree and then double click on Instances

a. Select Dependent for the instance type

b. Click OK

10. Double click on the Steps node in the model tree

a. Name the step, set the procedure to General, and select Static, General

b. Click Continue

c. Give the step a description

d. Click OK

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11. Expand the Field Output Requests node in the model tree, and then double click

on FOutput1 (FOutput1 was automatically generated when creating the step)

a. Uncheck the variables Strains and Contact

b. Click OK

12. Expand the History Output Requests node in the model tree, and then right clickon HOutput1 (HOutput1 was automatically generated when creating the step) and

select Delete

13. Double click on the BCs node in the model tree

a. Name the boundary conditioned Pinned and select Displacement/Rotation for

the type

b. Click Continue

c. Select the lowerleft vertex of the geometry and press Done in the prompt area

d. Check the U1 and U2 displacements and set them to 0

e. Click OK

f. Repeat for the lowerright vertex, but model a roller restraint (only U2 fixed)

instead

14. Double click on the Loads node in the model tree

a. Name the load Distributed load and select Line load as the type

b. Click Continue

c. Select the lower horizontal edges of the geometry press Done in the prompt

area

d. Specify component 2 = 1000

i. Note that because we have been using standard SI units the load applied is1000 N/m, which is a total of 10,000 N distributed across the lower

horizontal members

e. Click OK

15. In the model tree double click on Mesh for the Bridge part, and in the toolbox area

click on the Assign Element Type icon

a. Highlight all members in the viewport and select Done

b. Select Standard for element type

c. Select Linear for geometric order

d. Select Beam for familye. Note that the name of the element (B21) and its description are given below the

element controls

f. Click OK

16. In the toolbox area click on the Seed Edge: By Number icon (hold down icon to bring

up the other options)

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a. Select the entire geometry, except the lower horizontal lines, and click Done in

the prompt area

b. Define the number of elements along the edges as 5

c. Repeat for the lower horizontal lines, except specify 10 elements along the edges

17. In the toolbox area click on the Mesh Part icon

a. Click Yes in the prompt area

18. In the menu bar select ViewPart Display Options

a. Check the Render beam profiles option on the General tab

b. Click OK

19. Change the Module to Property

a. Click on the Assign Beam Orientation icon

b. Select the entire geometry from the viewport

c. Click Done in the prompt area

d. Accept the default value of the approximate n1 direction

20. Note that the preview shows that the beam cross sections are not all orientated as desired

(see Problem Description)

21. In the toolbox area click on the Assign Beam/Truss Tangent icon

a. Click on the sections of the geometry that are off by 180 degrees

22. In the model tree double click on the Job node

a. Name the job Bridge

b. Click Continue

c. Give the job a descriptiond. Click OK

23. In the model tree right click on the job just created (Bridge) and select Submit

a. While Abaqus is solving the problem right click on the job submitted (Bridge),

and select Monitor

b. In the Monitor window check that there are no errors or warnings

i. If there are errors, investigate the cause(s) before resolving

ii. If there are warnings, determine if the warnings are relevant, some

warnings can be safely ignored

24. In the model tree right click on the submitted and successfully completed job (Bridge),

and select Results

25. In the menu bar click on ViewportViewport Annotations Options

a. Uncheck the Show compass option

b. The locations of viewport items can be specified on the corresponding tab in the

Viewport Annotations Options

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c. Click OK

26. Display the deformed contour of the (Von) Misses stress overlaid with the undeformed

geometry

a. In the toolbox area click on the following icons

i. Plot Contours on Deformed Shape

ii. Allow Multiple Plot States

iii. Plot Undeformed Shape

27. In the toolbox area click on the Common Plot Options icon

a. Note that the Deformation Scale Factor can be set on the Basic tab

b. On the Labels tab check the show node symbols icon

c. Click OK

28. To determine the stress values, from the menu bar click ToolsQuery

a. Check the boxes labeled Nodes and S, Misses

b. In the viewport mouse over the element of interestc. Note that Abaqus reports stress values from the integration points, which may

differ slightly from the values determined by projecting values from the

surrounding integration points to the nodes

i. The minimum and maximum stress values contained in the legend are

from the stresses projected to the nodes

d. Click on an element to store it in the Selected Probe Values portion of the

dialogue box

e. Click Cancel

29. To change the output being displayed, in the menu bar click on ResultsFieldOutput

a. Select Spatial displacement at nodes

i. Component = U2

b. Click OK

30. To create a text file containing the stresses, vertical displacements, and reaction

forces (including the total), in the menu bar click on ReportField Output

a. For the output variable select (Von) Misses

b. On the Setup tab specify the name and the location for the text file

c. Uncheck the Column totals optiond. Click Apply

e. Back on the Variable tab change the position to Unique Nodal

f. Uncheck the stress variable, and select the U2 spatial displacement

g. Click Apply

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h. On the Variable tab, uncheck Spatial displacement and select the RF2 reaction

force

i. On the Setup tab, check the Column totals option

j. Click OK

31. Open the .rpt file with any text editora. One thing to check is that the total reaction force is equal to the applied load (

10,000 N)

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RESULT:

Thus the stresses and the vertical displacements of the bridge structure are determined using

ABAQUS.

EX.NO:9 TEMPERATURE ANALYSIS ON CYCLINDER

Date: 00.02.13

AIM:

To Determine temperature distribution on the inside the cylinder using ABAQUS.

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Consider a thin aluminum cylinder of length 1 m and inner and outer radii 0.2 m & 0.21

m respectively. The cylinder is kept fixed at one end and at the other end a tensile load of 200kPa is applied. The fixed end of the cylinder is at 273.15 K (the ambient temperature) and the

free end at 274.15 K (all other sides are insulated). The cylinder expands due to the heat flow.

PROCEDURE:

The various functions within ABAQUS are organized into modules and we are going to use

these modules to define the steps in our procedure.

1. >module load abaqus/6.9-2

2. >abaqus cae

3. Once you start ABAQUS CAE select Create Model Database to create a new model.

4. The default module that opens up is the Part Module.

PART MODULE:

This module allows you to create the geometry required for the problem. To create a 3-D

geometry you first create a 2-D profile and then manipulate it to obtain the solid geometry.

1. From the Part Toolbox on the left of the viewport select Create Part.

2. You can name the part as cylinder or anything else you like. We are going to create a

deformable solid shape in the 3-D modeling space through extrusion so we do not change

the default selections.

3. Enter 1 as the approximate size and click Continue.

4. Click Create Circle Center and Perimeter on the drawing toolbox and enter 0, 0 as the

center point in field below the viewport and press Enter. Enter the perimeter point as

0.21, 0 and press Enter to complete the circle. Similarly make another circle with the

same center and the perimeter point as 0.2, 0. Press Esc to exit the circle definition andthen press Done.

5. Enter the extrusion depth as 1 and press OK.

6. Click Auto-Fit View in the toolbar above to zoom out and view all the points.

This finishes our work in the Part module. Select Module: Property from the toolbar abovethe viewport.

PROPERTY MODULE:

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In this module you define the material properties for your analysis and assign those

properties to the available parts.

1. Select Create Material from the Property Toolbox.

2. Enter material name as Aluminum. Click on the General tab and select Density from the

drop-down menu. Type in the mass density as 2700. Click on the Mechanical tab andselect Elasticity>Elastic from the drop-down menu. Enter the Youngs Modulus as 70E9and the Poissons Ratio as 0.33. Click on the Mechanical tab and select Expansion. Edit

the reference temperature to 273.15 and the expansion coefficient to 23e-6. Click on the

Thermal tab and select Conductivity. Enter the thermal conductivity as 160. Click on the

Thermal tab and select Specific Heat. Enter the value as 900 and click OK.

3. Select Create Section from the property toolbox. Name the section as you like. We need a

solid homogeneous section for our problem. Click Continue. Select the material asAluminum and click OK.

4. Click Assign Section on the property toolbox and select the part from the viewport. ClickDone below. Select the section you had created and click OK.

Our work in the Property module is done and we select the Assembly Module from thetoolbar above the viewport.

ASSEMBLY MODULE:

This module allows you to assemble together parts that you have created. Even if you have a

single part you need to include it in your assembly.

1. Select Instance Part from the Assembly Toolbox.

2. Select the part you have created from the parts list and then select Instance type:

Independent. Click OK.

Select Module: Step from the toolbar above.

STEP MODULE:

This module allows you to select the kind of analysis you want to perform on your modeland define the parameters associated with it. You can also select which variables you want to

included in the output files in this modules. You apply loads over a step. To apply a sequence of

loads create several steps and define the loads for each of them.

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1. Select Create Step from the Step Toolbox.

2. Name the step as you want and select Coupled temp-displacement as the procedure. Click

Continue.

3. The edit step dialog box lets you choose the solution technique, the solver type and define

the time stepping strategy.

4. Under Basic change the Response to Steady-state and click OK.

The Interaction Module allows you to set up interactions (contact, film), constraints,

connectors, fasteners and wire feature between parts. Our problem does not involve any of thesefeatures but it will be a good idea to explore this module on your own at a later time.

Select Module: Load from the toolbar above.

LOAD MODULE:

The Load Module is where you define the loads and boundary conditions for your modelfor a particular step (indicated in the toolbar above). You can even define loads and boundary

conditions as fields like electric potential, acoustic pressure, etc.

1. Select Create Load from the Load Toolbox. Select Surface Traction and click Continue.

Select the top face of the cylinder (z=1) (it gets highlighted in red) and click Done.

2. Change the Traction type to General. Click on the Edit tab under Direction in the dialog

box. Enter the starting point of the direction vector as (0, 0, 0) and the end point as (0,0,

1). Enter the Magnitude as 2e5 and click OK.

3. Select Create Boundary Condition from the Load Toolbox. Select Symmetry /

Antisymmetry / Encastre and click Continue. Select the bottom face (z=0) of the cylinder

and click Done. Select Pinned (U1=0, U2=0, U3=0) and click OK.

4. Again select Create Boundary Condition from the Load Toolbox. Switch Category to

Other and select Temperature and click Continue. Select the bottom face of the cylinderand press Done. Enter the magnitude as 273.15 and click OK. Similarly put the top face

at 274.15.

Now that we have defined the loads and the boundary conditions we move on to mesh the

geometry.

Select Module: Mesh from the toolbar above the viewport.

MESH MODULE:

The mesh model controls how you mesh your model the type of element, their size etc.

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1. Select Seed Part Instance from the mesh toolbox. Enter the approximate global size as

0.025.

2. Click on Mesh Part Instance and then on Yes to mesh the model.

3. Select Assign Element Type from the mesh toolbox. Under Family select CoupledTemperature-Displacement and switch Geometric Order to Quadratic. Click OK.

When finished

select Module: Job from the toolbar above.

JOB MODULE:

This module allows you to submit your model for analysis.

1. Select Create Job from the Job Toolbox. Name the job as you like. Select your model and

click Continue.

2. You can add a description to the job, allocate memory, allot multiple processors andselect precision. Use the default values and click OK.

3. Select the Job Manager from the toolbox and click on the Write Input tab.

4. If you are running the job for the first time it is advisable to run Data Check to check the

input file for errors. Click OK to overwrite the job files.

5. Once the data check is completed Submit the job for analysis. Click OK to overwrite the

job files. You can click Monitor to observe the progress of the solution process. You can

see the errors, warnings, data and message file.

6. Once the job is completed click on the Results tab on the job manager. This opens the

Visualization Module for post processing.

VISUALIZATION MODULE:

This model allows you to look at your model after deformation. You can also plot valuesof stress, displacement, reaction forces, etc. as contours on your model surface or as vectors or

tensors.

1. Select Plot Deformed Shape from the Visualization toolbox.

2. Select Plot Contours on Deformed Shape to plot stress contours on the model surface.

3. You can see the location of the maximum & minimum stresses by selecting Contour

Options>Limits>Show Location.

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4. Select Results>Field Output from the main menu. This opens a dialog box that allows

you to select the variable you want to plot in the viewport.

5. Select U (Spatial Displacement at nodes)>Magnitude>OK to plot the displacement

contours on the model.

6. To plot displacement vectors click on Plot Symbols on Deformed Shape on the toolbox.

7. You can now animate this plot by selecting Animate Harmonic.

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RESULT:

Thus the temperature distribution on the inside the cylinder determined using ABAQUS.

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