ant. kesehatan ke-1 unisa 2013
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ANTROPOLOGI KESEHATAN
Prof. (Em) Dr.dr.
H. Muhammad Rusli Ngatimin, MPH.
Kuliah ke-1
THE FIELD OF MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
08.00 – 08.50 PENGANTAR;08.55 – 09.45 DETERMINAN KESEHATAN DAN PENYAKIT;09.50 – 10.49 BUDAYA, KESEHATAN DAN PENYAKIT;10.45 – 11.35 HIDUP SEHAT: PREVENTIF DAN KURATIF
DOKTER“merasa sok pintar”
Blaming
The
Victim
PENGANTAR
KOENTJARANINGRAT:
ANTROPOLOGI KESEHATAN
Membicarakan masalah konsep sakit, sehat,
pengobatan tradisional serta kebiasaan atau
perilaku dan pantangan - pantangan suatu
kelompok masyarakat terhadap makanan
tertentu.
PENGANTAR
ANTROPOLOGI KESEHATAN:
1. Helman:
Medical anthropology is about how people in different cultures and social group explain the causes of ill health, the types treatment they believe in, and to whom they turn if they gel ill;
PENGANTAR
ANTROPOLOGI KESEHATAN (lanjt).
SUKKINK:
1. Prehistoric studies of diet and disease;
2. Some anthropologist have degrees in anthropology and medicine;
3. Others have double degreed in anthropology and public health;
SUKKINK(lanjt)
Medical anthropology
has important links to both medicine,
social science and the natural science
because in looking at health disease.
ANTROPOLOGI
Mair, 1970“talking about man”
mengungkap“all about man”
Beals and Hoijer: “the science of man”Taylor, Culture:
“knowledge, belief, art, moral, law, custom,habits,”
ACQUIRED BY MAN AS A MEMBER OF SOCIETY
ANTROPOLOGI
Hasan:Combines in one discipline
the approaches ofTHE BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE, THE SOCIAL SCIENCE, THE HUMANITIES.Biological and ecological approach:
ANTHROPOLOGY, MEDICINE, HEALTH
DETERMINAN KESEHATAN DAN PENYAKIT
SICK
“dia tidak sehat, sakit apa ya?”
ILLNESS
Sakit/penyakit, erat dengan sosial,perilaku
DISEASE
Sakit/penyakit, erat dengan tubuh dan
biologis.
DETERMINAN KESEHATANDAN PENYAKIT
DISEASE AND ILLNESS:
TURNOCK, 1997
bisa saja penderita “disease dan illness”
merasa sehat, setidaknya tidak merasakan adanya gangguan.
DETERMINAN KESEHATANDAN PENYAKIT
SLIKKERVEER(2001)DISEASEis described objective phenomenon characteristic by altered function of the body as biological organism;ILLNESS…. ..subjective phenomenon ----modify
their normal behavior.
DETERMINAN KESEHATANDAN PENYAKIT
MERUJUK:
“DOA,
Disability Oriented Approach”“sehat adalah bebas dari derita disability
dan jauh dari ancaman kematian”
(Ngatimin, “DOA”, 2003)
DETERMINAN KESEHATANDAN PENYAKIT
SICKsick roleILLNESSa sanction, a PUNISHMENT of wrong doing“deviance” deviated from social NORMSINDICATOR of a social system performanceDISEASE“dis-ease”
BUDAYA, KESEHATAN DAN PENYAKIT.
CULTURE:Groen et al,1962 – BEDOUIN WOMAN Negev Desert:1. Lack of sun exposed;2. Woman, most of the time indoors;3. Go out in a whole cover dark dress;4. Diet, poor vitamin A and D and Ca;5. Women in high risk of osteomalacia
PERILAKU DAN PENYAKIT
NGATIMIN, 1987
PENGAMALAN PERILAKU BUKAN
PENYEBAB PENYAKIT DAN PENYAKIT
YANG TERJADI KARENA GANGGUAN
KESEIMBANGAN
“agent, host and environment”
BUDAYA, KESEHATANDAN PENYAKIT
BELIEF:IKAN : Penyebab kecacingan UDANG: Mempersulit persalinanBUTA AYAM: Dikurung bersama ayam; Dewi MATA (India) vs. I ATI (Bugis)Kusta kutukan TuhanPelangi (Gerlach) – keguguran <- kandole?
EFEK SOSIALTERHADAP KESEHATAN
COGNITIVE DISSONANCE
ketidak seimbangan antara
hasil penyuluhan
dan
perilaku berbasis kepercayaan
diperlukan perubahan perilaku melalui
ADOPTION PROCESS
ADOPTION PROCESSROGERS
1. AW areness;
2. IN terest
3. E valuation;
4. T rial’
5. A doption
HIDUP SEHATpreventif vs. kuratif
Hughes (1963)
In any society,
practices relevant to public health are generally neither wholly “megical”
nor wholly ”empirical” or “scientific”,
they are a mixture of both orientation and
often may simply be “habitual”
HIDUP SEHATpreventif vs kuratif
Paul (1955)If you wish to help a community improve its health,
YOU MUST LEARN TO THINK THE PEOPLE OF THE COMMUNITY
Ngatimin (1987)CARILAH PERSAMAAN, HINDARI
PERBEDAAN
change of the pattern of disease
THE FIVE LEVELS OF PREVENTION
o------------o------------o-----------o-----------oHEALTH SPECIFIC EARLY DIAGNOSIS DISABILITY REHABILITATION
PROMOTION PROTECTION AND PROMPT LIMITATION
TREATMENT
===1st ==== == 2nd == ======3rd ===== prevention prevention prevention
HIDUP SEHAT
TANPA OBAT (HISTO)