A

Project Report

on

“FINGERPRINT BASED BANK LOCKER SECURITY SYSTEM”

Submitted by

Jeevan B. Sahu (45353)

Ajay S. Rathod (45141)

Chetan K. Patil (45136)

For the Degree of

Bachelor of Engineering

(Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering)

DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR MARATHWADA UNIVERSITY,

AURANGABAD (M.S.)

Marathwada Shikshan Prasarak Mandal’s

Deogiri Institute of Engineering & Management Studies, Aurangabad

Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

Maharashtra state, India.

2018-2019

INDEX

Page No.

Abstract i

List of Abbreviations ii

List of Figure iii

List of Table iv

1. INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Introduction 1

1.2 Necessity 1

1.3 Objectives 1

1.4 Theme 2

1.5 Organization 2

2. LITERATURE SURVEY 3

2.1 Existing System Overview 3

3. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT 8

3.1 Proposed System Overview 8

3.2 Hardware Requirements 8

3.2.1 Arduino Nano AtMega328 8

3.2.2 Fingerprint Module R305 11

3.2.3 Servo Motor SG-90 12

3.2.4 Buzzer 13

3.2.5 Power Supply 13

3.2.6 LED 14

3.2.7 IR Sensor 14

3.3 Working of Proposed System 15

3.4 Software Requirement 17

3.4.1 Arduino IDE 17

3.5 System Flow 18

3.6 Hardware Schematic 19

4. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS 21

4.1 Testing 21

4.2 Experimentation 23

4.2.1 Experimentation on Fingerprint Module 23

4.2.2 Experimentation on Arduino Nano 23

4.2.3 Experimentation on Servo Motor SG-90 23

4.2.4 Experimentation on IR Sensor 24

4.2.5 Experimentation on Buzzer 25

4.3 Results 26

5. CONCLUSION 29

5.1 Conclusion 29

5.2 Applications 29

5.3 Advantages 29

5.4 Future Scope 30

REFERENCES

APPENDIX-I

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

i

ABSTRACT

As we are moving in a World of advancement, so the security is the major concern in

order to keep data isolate from the unauthorised users to access. In today’s World, we

need high degree security system for the protection of our document, important data,

Money as well as memory and jewellery. Our project presents a secure fingerprint locker

which is feasible. This system is proved successful on all norms of security of lockers.

There are other methods of verifying authentication through password, RFID but this

method is most efficient and reliable. To provide perfect security to the lockers and to

make the work easier, this project is taking help of two different technologies, i.e.

Embedded System and Biometrics. Biometrics is basically the measurement and use of

unique characteristics of living beings to make them distinguish from one another. And

this is more reliable then passwords and tokens which can be lost or stolen by the

humans.

ii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Abbreviations Illustration

SMS Short Memory Service

GPRS General Packet Radio Service

RPM Rotation Per Minute

RFID Radio Frequency Identification

IR Infra Red

GPIO General Purpose Input Output

LAN Local Area Network

ARM Advance Risk Machine

CPU Central processing Unit

ROM Read Only Memory

RAM Random Access Memory

dB Decibel

PA Public Address

LED Light Emitting Diodes

FP Fingerprint

iii

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Name of Figure Page No.

3.1 Block Diagram of Proposed System 08

3.2 Arduino Nano 09

3.3 R305 11

3.4 SG 90 12

3.5 Buzzer 13

3.6 Power Supply 13

3.7 LED 14

3.8 IR Sensor 15

3.9 Working of Fingerprint Optical Scanner 17

3.10 Precautions to be taken while accessing FP Scanner 17

3.11 Flow chart 1 18

3.12 Flow chart 2 19

3.13 Hardware Schematic 20

3.14 Actual Model 20

4.1 Interfacing of servo motor 24

4.2 working of servo motor 24

4.3 connection of IR sensor with Arduino 25

iv

LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Name of Table Page No.

2.1 Survey on Reference Papers 07

4.1 Test Cases 21

1

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

We all know that the security is ours primary job in today world, but most human cannot find

the ways to provide security to their confidentially belonging manually. As today fingerprint

based system provides high degree of accuracy in terms security. Therefore, we have decided

to introduce a system for locking which is based on the Finger print scanning. Our project

will provide high degree of security with no manual flaws. Our project basically, is a

combination of Embedded Systems & Biometrics.

An Embedded system is a combination of computer hardware and software, i.e.

software is implemented on the hardware which has a key characteristic that it is dedicated

for the particular task. Design engineers optimized the size and characteristics of the

microcontrollers, the cost of the product also decreased which make it commercial. Basically,

embedded system is “Real Time Operating System” which provides output without delay. In

fingerprint locking system there is huge demand of high speed operating systems which is

fulfilled by embedded systems. This project includes fingerprint identification, in this we are

explaining the working of fingerprint module and it’s working.

1.2 Necessity

In this work we have explained about various bank lockers security systems. Present world

people are more concerned about the security of their belongings. It is not possible for us to

carry all our valuable stuffs every time. So the safest place for

placing these things is a bank locker. In recent trends many modem technologies are used to

keep bank locker safe. With the development of technology, solutions have been found to

overcome this issue.

Manual lockers are replaced by electronic gadgets such as motion sensor, RFID,GSM,

electronic nose etc. All these technologies have their own pros and cons.

1.3 Objective

Develop a locker system that can replace the current traditional methods such as manual

lock, PIN number and password.

Improve the security with automate locker system based on Biometric authentication.

Making the bank customers feel safe about their possessions in the safe.

2

Eliminating the need to remember multiple passwords, PINs and not carry identity proof

and keys.

Eliminate the frauds which are done by smart larceners.

Provide user friendly and easier system to banks to do their jobs efficiently.

Save the time by the process of withdrawal of possessions faster and ultimately make the

services pleasant for the bank customers.

1.4 Theme

The scope of the project is concentrated at two-factor authentication in order to access the

Bank locker system. The project is mainly focused on restricting the unauthorized access and

alerting in case of theft. The fingerprint biometric authentication and SMS alert system is

implemented. The accuracy of fingerprint scanner is depended on fingerprint sensor

specification. More accuracy of fingerprint sensor will provide strong fingerprint

authentication which cannot be forget. The GSM technology based SMS alert system for

authenticate users only, which shows time, date that is accessed. The project will have

software, hardware implementation and limitations.

1.5 Organization

Chapter 1:

Describe overall introduction of project. This existing methods of Bank Locker

Security System such as RFID based, Password based, OTP based and Key based lockers are

explained. Necessity of system is also mentioned with the drawback of the existing system in

the different aspects. Objective and theme of system is given in this chapter.

Chapter 2:

Describe existing and other proposed system overview.

Chapter 3:

Consist of block description of the system and design of circuit.

Chapter 4:

Consist of testing, analysis and results.

Chapter 5:

Consist of conclusion of system. Different application of system is given. Future

advancement is also explained in this chapter.

3

2. LITRATURE SURVEY

2.1 Existing System Overviews

Aditya Shankar et. al focused in this project on the replacement of conventional

techniques of locking system. They replaced the old methods like lock & key system and

password authentication system by the biometric system. They basically used fingerprints

for the authentication system, the person whose fingerprint saved in the database can

easily access the locker. They also provide an alarm system to alerting the neighbours if

an unauthorized person or thief tries to access the locker. To prove that person authorized

to open the locker door they need to scan their fingerprint images. The scanner is

interfaced to 8051 microcontroller; this controller will be controlling the scanning

process. They also provided a keypad for password after the fingerprint scanning. This

two step verification is for the double security. And a buzzer is provided for alarm in case

of unauthorized access of locker [1].

Omidiora E.O. et. al refused the traditional methods of locking system for the bikes,

they introduced finger print based locker which is the robust security mechanism in

various security domain. In their prototype software module is used for the database

storage of valid users and hardware is provided for the interfacing. Programming was

done with the help of Visual Basics, Visual C and Visual C++. The programming of this

prototype was done in Visual Basic 6.0 Enterprise Edition. The prototype was tested with

20 test images stored in the database. The implementation was successful and the

microcontroller was clearly differentiated between authorized and unauthorized users.

Logic 1 transferred for authorized user and logic 0 for unauthorized user [2].

Karthikeyan. A et. al told that every person has unique fingerprint. They added a

secured keypad for adding and deleting number of users from database which is very

good concept. FIM3030 fingerprint module by NITGEN is used in this purpose. For

controlling the whole driving unit Microcontroller AT89C52 is used. LCD is also

provided for showing the information about the authorized and unauthorized user.

Decoder DM742S138 is provided for data routing and for interfacing with fast memory

units as the decoder have short propagation delay. Latch 74HC373 is provided which is

high-speed Si-gate CMOS devices. A relay is used as an interfacing circuitry between the

microcontroller output and the ignition system of the car [3].

Pavithra .b.c et. al mainly focused in this project on security. They used R303A as a

scanner. This module has in-built ROM, DSP and RAM. The fingerprint module has a

4

capacity of storage 100 user’s fingerprint. This module operates in 2 modes they are

Master mode and User mode. Master mode is used to register the fingerprints which will

be stored in the ROM present on the scanner with a unique id. They provided a unique

identification number for the last step of verification, which provides three wrong

attempts.

They provide a digital code lock at every locker’s door, which is operated by the

password. The password included six mandatory numeric numbers without any character.

This locking system is interfaced with microcontroller for the password storage and

verification. This lock consists of a LCD screen, keyboard and a microcontroller 8051.

This can be implemented at every door locker because it is commercially available [4].

Crystalynne D.Cortez et. al focused on the development of microcontroller-based

biometric locker system with short message service. A 9-12Vdc was used to supply

power to the system. The microcontroller ATMEGA 644 housed in Arduino board was

utilized to interface the input and output hardware devices. Input devices include the

fingerprint sensor for biometric recognition, keypad was for the encoding of passcode and

real time clock for display of current date and time. The microcontroller is programmed

with the help of Arduino Integrated Development Environment. ATmega644 housed in

Arduino board, was the microcontroller unit used in the system. It controlled the

functions of the biometric locker system. The ATmega644 is a 40 pins, low-power

complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), 8-bit microcontroller based on the

AVR enhanced reduced instruction set computer (RISC) architecture. ATmega644 can

achieve throughputs approaching 1 million instructions per second per MHz through the

execution of powerful instructions in a single clock cycle. This allowed the optimization

of power consumption versus processing speed in system designs. It can store up to 64

KB of program instructions [5].

Smita s. Mudholkar et. al developed this project for the biometrics authentication

technique for Intrusion detection systems using Fingerprint recognition. Biometrics

makes the use of biological terms that deals with data statistically. It verifies uniqueness

by analysing his physical features or behaviours (e.g. face, fingerprint, voice, signature,

keystroke rhythms). The systems record data from the user and compare it each time the

user is claimed. A biometric system is a computer system that implements biometric

recognition algorithms. A typical biometric system consists of sensing, feature extraction,

and matching modules. They classified the biometric techniques into two classes:

5

Physiological based techniques include facial analysis, fingerprint, hand geometry, retinal

analysis, DNA and measure the physiological characteristics of a person. Behaviour

based techniques include signature, key stroke, voice, smell, sweat pores analysis and

measure behavioural characteristics.

Iris recognition is an automated method of biometric identification which uses

mathematical pattern recognition techniques on video images of the irises of an

individual's eyes, whose complex random patterns are unique and can be seen from some

distance. Iris cameras perform recognition detection of a person’s identity by analysis of

the random patterns that are visible within the iris of an eye from several distances [6].

Ms. ReetuAwasthi et. al. mainly focused in this project on the crime, fraud and threats

being central & all pervading, Security is indispensable. “The secret agent places his palm

on the grid panel as a thin red scans his entire hand from left to right. A mechanical

female voice chimes “Access granted”, “Biometrics is a technology that has been

glorified in movies, and comic books as a thing of science fiction and “James Bond”

styled security access systems. The origin of the word biometrics comes from the Greek

word “bios” which means life and “metros”, which means to measure. True to this

etymology, biometrics is the identification of an individual based on distinguishing

biological traits such as fingerprints, hand geometry, vascular patterns of a person’s palm,

retina and iris patterns, voice waves as well as DNA [7].

Sagar S. Palsodkar et. al proposed project for Bank lockers security system using

biometric and GSM. In our proposed system first the user will enrol his user name

password and his mobile number .then the camera of pc will automatically on and capture

the face store with face id then the person will put finger on finger print module finger

print will be scan and store with finger id . In this way user’s enrolment process will be

completed then user will perform login operation during login operation user face of

person will detect and finger print will be scan. if the id get matches LCD will show

mobile number of the user which entered during enrolment .then code will send to person

mobile through GSM. And user will punch the code through keypad if the code get match

then LED will be blink or lockers will be open. And LCD will show message access

granted. In their project, they used R305 finger print module. It is having FAR value is

<0.001% .and FRR value is <0.1%. This sensor is having Good image processing

capabilities, can successfully capture image up to resolution 500 dpi. ARM is a 16/32-bit

ARM7TDMI-S microcontroller in a tiny LQFP64package. It has 8 KB to 40 KB of on-

chip static RAM and 32 KB to 512 KB of on-chip. It offers high performance small size

6

low power. It is having two UART pin UART0AND UART1 from UART0 interface

through pc using serial cable. In their project they used SIM 300 GSM module. SIM300

is a Tri-band GSM/GPRS engine that works on frequencies EGSM 900 MHz, DCS 1800

MHz and PCS1900 MHz by this GSM code will come on user mobile [8].

Raghu Ram.Gangi et. al focused on the four step verification project. In this proposed

work, RFID reader reads the ID number from passive tag and sends to the

microcontroller, if the id number is valid then only it gives the access to the fingerprint

scanner otherwise it stops the process, if the fingerprint is matched then microcontroller

sends the password to the authenticated person mobile number then the authenticated

person enters the both passwords in the keyboard which was already given by the user

and received from the microcontroller. if these two passwords are matched then the locker

will be opened otherwise the microcontroller sends the warning message to the

authenticated person mobile number and it will be remain in locked position. RFID is an

effective automatic identification technology for variety of objects. The most important

functionality of RFID is the ability to track the location of the tagged item. Based on

power source, RFID tags can be classified into three major categories: active tags, passive

tags, and semi-passive (semi-active) tags. An active tag contains both a radio transceiver

and a battery that is used to power the transceiver. Active tags are more powerful than

passive tags/semi-passive tags. RFID tags can also be classified into two categories: tags

with read/write memory, and tags with read-only memory. The tags with read/write

memory are more expensive than the tags with read-only memory. RFID tags operate in

three frequency ranges: low frequency (LF, 30–500kHz), high frequency (HF, 10–

15MHz), and ultrahigh frequency (UHF, 850–950MHz, 2.4–2.5GHz, 5.8GHz).20 LF tags

are less affected by the presence of fluids or metals when compared to the higher

frequency tags [9].

7

Table 2.1: Survey on Reference Papers

S.

NO. PAPER

TECHNIQUES

OR

COMPONENTS

ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES

1. Aditya

Shankar etal

Biometrics,

8051

Microcontroller

No false

Intrusions

No Alarm system for

alerting the peoples.

2. Omidiora E.

O. etal

Biometrics,

Visual C,

Visual C++, Visual

Basic 6.0 Enterprise

Edition

Fingerprint

module used as

an additional

security feature in

the vehicle.

System was

efficiently

differentiating

between the

authentic and the

fake user.

Option of adding/

deleting user from the

memory is not given.

3. Karthikeyan.

A etal

Biometrics,

identification

number, digital

code lock, R303A

as a Scanner

Proposed good

system to

authenticate the

user with the

fingerprint

recognition.

Unsuccessful to

implement.

4. Pavithra.B.

C etal Biometrics

High accuracy in

terms of security.

Identification number

can guess easily.

5. Crystalynne

D.Cortezetal Biometrics

Unlock the locker

using fingerprint

or auto-generated

pass code.

No intruder detection

technique.

6.

Smita s.

Mudholkar

etal

Biometrics

All genuine users

could enroll their

fingerprint and

use a fingerprint-

based system.

It should have GSM

calling system.

7. Ms.Reetu

Awasthi etal

Biometrics,

fingerprint ARM,

GSM.

Less time delay,

Quick response

time.

It should have GSM

calling system.

8

3. SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT

3.1 Proposed System Overview

Finger print based security system can be used at many places like Industries, Offices

and Colleges or even at our home. This project is a fine combination of “Biometrics

technology” and “Embedded system technology”. Fingerprint sensor is the main part of

this system. It makes use of Biometric sensor to detect fingerprint. It is also called as

Biometric sensor. Fingerprint sensor uses various types of techniques like ultrasonic

method, optical method or thermal technique. In this project we have used optical

fingerprint sensor. Main blocks of this project are Microprocessor (Arduino Nano),

Fingerprint module (R305), Buzzer/Siren, Servo Motor (SG90). User has to place his/her

finger on the optical sensor part of fingerprint module. We have seen Password based

security system RFID based security system. The main feature or specialty of fingerprint

is that it is unique. It gives this project the high level security than other security systems.

Person recognition using the Fingerprint identification is used since a long time. Most

common example is use in the criminal cases.

Fig.3.1: Block Diagram of Proposed System

3.2 Hardware Requirement

3.2.1 Arduino Nano

MICROPROCESSOR

(ARDUINO NANO)

IR SENSOR BUZZER

LEDs

POWER

SUPPLY

FINGERPRINT

MODULE

(R305)

SERVO

MOTOR

(SG-90)

9

Selection Criteria:

a) Flash memory: Max. 32Kb

b) I/O Pins: 14

c) Less cost and less power requirement

d) High speed

e) Small in size

Specification of Arduino Nano:

Microcontroller Atmel ATmega328

Operating Voltage (logic level) 5 V

Input Voltage (recommended) 7-12 V

Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328) of which 2 KB used by bootloader

Input Voltage (limits) 6-20 V

Digital I/O Pins 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)

Analog Input Pins 8

DC Current per I/O Pin 40 mA

SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328)

EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)

Clock Speed 16 MHz

Dimensions 0.73″ x 1.70″

Length 45 mm

Width 18 mm

Weigth 5g

Working:

The Arduino Nano has a number of facilities for communicating with a computer, another

Arduino, or other microcontrollers. The ATmega328 provide UART TTL (5V) serial

communication, which is available on digital pins 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). An FTDI FT232RL

on the board channels this serial communication over USB and the FTDI drivers

(included with the Arduino software) provide a virtual com port to software on the

computer. The Arduino software includes a serial monitor which allows simple textual

data to be sent to and from the Arduino board. The RX and TX LEDs on the board will

flash when data is being transmitted via the FTDI chip and USB connection to the

computer (but not for serial communication on pins 0 and 1). A Software Serial library

allows for serial communication on any of the Nano's digital pins. The ATmega328 also

Fig.3.2: Arduino Nano

10

support I2C (TWI) and SPI communication. The Arduino software includes a Wire

library to simplify use of the I2C bus. To use the SPI communication, please see

ATmega328 datasheet. Programming: The Arduino Nano can be programmed with the

Arduino software (download). Select "Arduino Duemilanove or Nano w/ ATmega328"

from the Tools > Board menu (according to the microcontroller on your board). The

ATmega328 on the Arduino Nano comes preburned with a bootloader that allows you to

upload new code to it without the use of an external hardware programmer. It

communicates using the original STK500 protocol. You can also bypass the bootloader

and program the microcontroller through the ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming)

header using Arduino ISP or similar. Automatic (Software) Reset: Rather than requiring a

physical press of the reset button before an upload, the Arduino Nano is designed in a

way that allows it to be reset by software running on a connected computer. One of the

hardware flow control lines (DTR) of the FT232RL is connected to the reset line of the

ATmega328 via a 100 nanofarad capacitor. When this line is asserted (taken low), the

reset line drops long enough to reset the chip. The Arduino software uses this capability

to allow you to upload code by simply pressing the upload button in the Arduino

environment. This means that the bootloader can have a shorter timeout, as the lowering

of DTR can be well-coordinated with the start of the upload. This setup has other

implications. When the Nano is connected to either a computer running Mac OS X or

Linux, it resets each time a connection is made to it from software (via USB). For the

following half-second or so, the bootloader is running on the Nano. While it is

programmed to ignore malformed data (i.e. anything besides an upload of new code), it

will intercept the first few bytes of data sent to the board after a connection is opened. If a

sketch running on the board receives one-time configuration or other data when it first

starts, make sure that the software with which it communicates waits a second after

opening the connection and before sending this data.

Input and Output: Each of the 14 digital pins on the Nano can be used as an input or

output, using pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions. They operate at 5

volts. Each pin can provide or receive a maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pull-up

resistor (disconnected by default) of 20-50 kOhms. In addition, some pins have

specialized functions:

Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial data.

These pins are connected to the corresponding pins of the FTDI USB-to-TTL Serial

chip.

11

External Interrupts: 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a

low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value. See the attachInterrupt()

function for details.

PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analogWrite()

function.

SPI: 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO), 13 (SCK). These pins support SPI comunicatn.

Which although provided by the underlying hardware, is not currently included in the

Arduino language.

LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is HIGH

value, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it's off. The Nano has 8 analog inputs, each

of which provide 10 bits of resolution (i.e. 1024 different values). By default they

measure from ground to 5 volts, though is it possible to change the upper end of their

range using the analogReference() function. Analog pins 6 and 7 cannot be used as digital

pins. Additionally, some pins have specialized functionality:

I2C: A4 (SDA) and A5 (SCL). Support I2C (TWI) communication using the Wire

library (documentation on the Wiring website).

There are a couple of other pins on the board:

AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analogReference().

Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add a reset

button to shields which block the one on the board.

The Arduino Nano is a small, complete, and breadboard-friendly board based on the

ATmega328P (Arduino Nano 3.x). It has more or less the same functionality of the

Arduino Duemilanove, but in a different package. It lacks only a DC power jack, and

works with a Mini-B USB cable instead of a standard one.

3.2.2 Fingerprint Module (R305)

Selection Criteria:

a) Optical fingerprint

b) Less cost

c) Storage of 1000 fingerprint

d) Inbuilt password security

e) Interfacing compatibility with Arduino

Specifications of Fingerprint Module R305:

Fingerprint sensor type: Optical

Resolution : 500 DPI

Fig.3.3: R305

12

Power : DC 3.6-6.0 V

Scanning Speed: < 0.5 sec

Storage capacity: 256

Working:

Fingerprint processing includes two parts, fingerprint enrolment and fingerprint matching

(the matching can be 1:1 or 1:N). When enrolling, user needs to enter the finger two

times. The system will process the two time finger images, generate a template of the

finger based on processing results and store the template. When matching, user enters the

finger through optical sensor and system will generate a template of the finger and

compare it with templates of the finger library.

For 1:1 matching, system will compare the live finger with specific template designated

in the Module; for 1:N matching, or searching, system will search the whole finger library

for the matching finger. In both circumstances, system will return the matching result,

success or failure.

3.2.3 Servo Motor (SG 90)

Selection Criteria:

a) Angular Accuracy (0o

and 90o)

b) Less in size

c) Interfacing capabilities with Arduino

d) High torque

Specification of Servo Motor (SG 90):

Weight: 9 g

Dimension: 22.2 x 11.8 x 31 mm approx.

Stall torque: 1.8 kgf·cm

Operating speed: 0.1 s/60 degree

Operating voltage: 4.8 V (~5V)

Dead band width: 10 μs

Temperature range: 0 ºC – 55 ºC

Working:

A servo consists of a Motor (DC or AC), a potentiometer, gear assembly and a controlling

circuit. First of all we use gear assembly to reduce RPM and to increase torque of motor.

Say at initial position of servo motor shaft, the position of the potentiometer knob is such

that there is no electrical signal generated at the output port of the potentiometer. Now an

Fig.3.4: SG 90

13

electrical signal is given to another input terminal of the error detector amplifier. Now

difference between these two signals, one comes from potentiometer and another comes

from other source, will be processed in feedback mechanism and output will be provided

in term of error signal. This error signal acts as the input for motor and motor starts

rotating. Now motor shaft is connected with potentiometer and as motor rotates so the

potentiometer and it will generate a signal. So as the potentiometer‟s angular position

changes, its output feedback signal changes. After sometime the position of potentiometer

reaches at a position that the output of potentiometer is same as external signal provided.

At this condition, there will be no output signal from the amplifier to the motor input as

there is no difference between external applied signal and the signal generated at

potentiometer, and in this situation motor stops rotating.

3.2.4 Buzzer

Specification of Buzzer:

Operating Temperature Range: - 20°C ~ + 105°C

Storage Temperature Range: - 40 °C ~ + 105°C

Operating Voltage: 3.0 to 30.0 VDC

Case material: PC UL 94HB

Oscillating Frequency 3.0 ± 0.5 KHz

Current Consumption 9.0 mA max

Sound Pressure Level Initial Value ± 10 dB

Working:

Piezoeletric buzzer is the handy sound generator used in electronic circuits to give audio

indication .It is widely used as alarm generator in electronic devices. It is available in

various types and size to suit the requirements. A Piezo buzzer has a Piezo disc and an

oscillator inside. When the buzzer is powered, the oscillator generates a frequency around

2-4 kHz and the Piezo element vibrates accordingly to produce the sound. An ordinary

Piezo buzzer works between 3–12 volts DC.

3.2.5 Power Supply

Specification of Power Supply:

Light, high efficiency AC switching design

AC Input: 100-240 VAC, 50 - 60 Hz

DC Output: 5V

Upto 2 A (2000 mA)

EMI filter included!

Fig.3.5: Buzzer

Fig.3.6: Power Supply

14

Standard US style 2 flat prong AC Plug

Female plug: 5.5 x 2.1mm x 10mm

Center pin positive

CEC/Energy Star compliant

UL/CUL/CE Approved

Model Number: CF1205-B

RoHS Compliant/WEEE Compliant: Yes

Working:

This is a high quality switching „wall wart‟ AC to DC 5V 2000mA Barrel Jack wall

power supply manufactured specifically for SparkFun Electronics. These are switch mode

power supplies which mean the output is regulated to 5V and the capable output current is

much higher (2000mA).

These wall adapters are perfect for supplying power to many single-board computers like

the pcDuino, Beaglebone Black, or the Raspberry Pi. Please note, this specific supply

(5V/2A) is also FCC/CE certified and works with 100-240VAC inputs and has a Center-

positive 5.5x2.1mm barrel connector.

3.2.6 LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes)

Specification of LED:

5 mm LED

140 degree viewing angle

Forward current max. 150mA

Power dissipation 0.5 watts

Voltage: 1.9v-2.6v

Typical: 2.1v

Current: 20mA

Working:

A light-emitting diode is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is a p–n junction diode

that emits light when activated. When a suitable voltage is applied to the leads, electrons

are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form

of photons.

3.2.7 IR Sensor

Selection Criteria:

a) Good sensitivity for small distance

Fig.3.7: LED

15

b) Less power required

c) Cheaper in cost

d) Interfacing capabilities with Arduino

Specification of IR sensor:

5VDC Operating voltage

I/O pins are 5V and 3.3V compliant

Range: Up to 20cm

Adjustable Sensing range

Built-in Ambient Light Sensor

20mA supply current

Working:

An infrared sensor circuit is one of the basic and popular sensor module in an electronic

device. This sensor is analogous to human‟s visionary senses, which can be used to detect

obstacles and it is one of the common applications in real time. In this project the working

of IR sensor is to detect the door is closed or not.

The transmitter section includes an IR sensor, which transmits continuous IR rays to be

received by an IR receiver module. An IR output terminal of the receiver varies

depending upon its receiving of IR rays. Since this variation cannot be analysed as such,

therefore this output can be fed to a comparator circuit. Here an operational amplifier (op-

amp) is used as comparator circuit.

When the IR receiver does not receive a signal, the potential at the inverting input goes

higher than that non-inverting input of the comparator IC. Thus the output of the

comparator goes low, but the LED does not glow. When the IR receiver module receives

signal to the potential at the inverting input goes low. Thus the output of the comparator

goes high and the LED starts glowing. Resistor R1, R2 and R3are used to ensure that

minimum 10 mA current passes through the IR LED Devices like Photodiode and normal

LEDs respectively. Preset is used to set the sensitivity of the circuit.

3.3 Working of Proposed System

To operate this project first we have to operate this project in “Settings mode or Admin

mode”. In this mode we have to enter data into the database of finger print sensor, for this

we have to take impressions of fingerprints of that person whom we want to give access

to our security system. This can be done once or whenever a new entry has to be added in

the system. Then this project has to be used in “Normal mode or Search mode”. In this

Fig.3.8: IR Sensor

16

mode the system compares the fingerprint input received at its optical plate with the

previously stored fingerprint from its flash memory. If the entry matches with the

memory then it gives out ok signal along with the identity number of that person. But if

the entry does not match with the memory then it gives out error signal. The output receiv

ed from fingerprint sensor is given to the microcontroller. Microcontroller then compares

these output data. Function of microcontroller is to turn on the respective device dependin

g upon the input received. In case of OK signal from fingerprint module, microcontroller

turns on Relay and a Motor. However if the error output is received then it turns on the

Buzzer. And with help of GSM Technology we have to send alert SMS to the authorize

person who access their bank locker with his/her absence, Also gives notification like

how many time locker was accessed, with their respective time and dates.

What is Biometric:

Biometrics are automated methods of recognizing a person based on a physiological or

behavioural characteristic. Among the features measured are face, fingerprints, hand

geometry, handwriting, iris, retinal, vein, and voice. Biometric data are separate and

distinct from personal information. Biometric templates cannot be reverse-engineered to

recreate personal information and they cannot be stolen and used to access personal

information.

Using a unique, physical attribute of your body, such as your fingerprint or iris, to

effortlessly identify and verify that you are who you claim to be, is the best and easiest

solution in the market today. That is the simple truth and power of Biometrics

Technology today. Although biometric technology has been around for many years,

modern advances in this emerging technology, coupled with big reductions in cost, now

make biometrics readily available and affordable to consumers, small business owner,

larger corporations and public sector agencies alike.

How does fingerprint scanner works:

Fingerprint is a pattern made up of ridges and valleys on our fingertip skin. While storing

the entry in database, scanner takes an image of these patterns and stores in its own

memory. Then while performing search operation, it again takes pattern of fingerprint of

that user who needs to gain access. This pattern is compared with all patterns previously

stored in memory. In short it performs a task which is related to Digital image processing.

It performs various iterations and executes matching algorithms and if it finds exact

match then it gives out fingerprint ID number. Otherwise it gives out error signal.

17

A fingerprint scanner system has two basic jobs -- it needs to get an image of your finger,

and it needs to determine whether the pattern of ridges and valleys in this image matches the

pattern of ridges and valleys in pre-scanned images.

Only specific characteristics, which are unique to every fingerprint, are filtered and saved as

an encrypted biometric key or mathematical representation. No image of a fingerprint is ever

saved, only a series of numbers (a binary code), which is used for verification. The algorithm

cannot be reconverted to an image, so no one can duplicate your fingerprints.

3.3.3 Precautions to be taken while accessing Biometric fingerprint sensor:

3.4 Software Requirement

Arduino IDE: The Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) is a cross-platform

application (for Windows, macOS, Linux) that is written in the programming language Java.

It is used to write and upload programs to Arduino compatible boards, but also, with the help

of 3rd party cores, other vendor development boards.

The source code for the IDE is released under the GNU General Public License, version 2.

The Arduino IDE supports the languages C and C++ using special rules of code structuring.

Fig.3.9: Working of Fingerprint Optical Scanner

Fig.3.10: Precautions to be taken while accessing Biometric Fingerprint Optical Scanner

18

The Arduino IDE supplies a software library from the Wiring project, which provides many

common input and output procedures.

3.5 System Flow

In bank locker system for biometric fingerprint there are two cases:

Case 1: For an authorized user in the system the fingerprint template of a person if he/she is

given authority the fingerprint is stored in the flash memory and so he generates the ok signal

to servo motor to lock the door by 90o

rotation reverse of opening.

Case 2: For Unauthorized user when an unauthorized user tries to open the bank locker

system he/she keeps his finger on the biometric surface where the fingerprint is taken as

template it gets that an unauthorized user is trying to open it the alarm gets ON and the red

Led starts blinking with the buzzer.

Flow for Manager wants to Enrol/Register new user:

Start

Manager Put is finger on

module

Compare in

Database

Matched Unmatched

Person gets

Access Access

Declined

Fingerprint Module Ready

For Enroll New user

Enroll Successfully

End

Yes No

Template Stored in Database

Fig.3.11: Flow chart 1

19

3.6 Hardware Schematic

a. Fingerprint module R305

b. Arduino Nano

c. Servo Motor SG-90

d. Piezoelectric Buzzer

Start

End

Module always in Search mode

Given thumb is compare with stored

template in database.

After that this are send for comparison

Want to access own Locker

User put thumb on FP Sensor

Matched

Compare in

Database

Unmatched

The person

gets Access,

green led ON

The person

doesn’t gets

Access, the

Buzzer gets

ON also red

led ON

If

Matched

Servo Motor Rotates 90o

For unlock the door

After finished his/her work

Servo Motor Rotates 90o

For lock the door

IR Sensor Gives

feedback to Servo

motor the door is

closed

Fig.3.12: Flow chart 2

Flow for Search the already stored template for give access to use locker system:

20

e. IR Sensor and LEDs.

Fig.3.13: Hardware Schematic

Fig.3.12: Actual Model

21

4. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

4.1 Testing

Table 4.1 Test Cases

Test

Case

ID

Test Case

Name

Test Case

Description

Steps

Expected

Output

Actual

Output

TC1 Time In

/Time Out

When we get

the access and

we don’t open

the door then

time is out and

door is

automatically

closed.

1. Access is

granted door is

open.

2. Access is

granted but

door is not

opened by user.

Door is open

successfully.

User doesn’t

wanted to

open the

door.

TC2 Enroll

With the help of

admin /manager

user gets

enrolled their

fingerprint

template to their

bank locker.

1. Admin gives

his fingerprint

expression and

he matches with

store template

of manger.

2. User gets

enrolled their

fingerprint.

Should

Enrolled

template in

database

successfully.

Enrolled

template in

database

successfully.

TC3 Search

mode

When power

supply is given

circuit the

search mode is

always on in

finger print

module.

1. Input supply

is given to

circuit.

2. The search

mode is on.

Should

always in

loop of

searching

mode

continuously.

Always in

loop of

searching

mode

continuously.

22

TC4 Fingerpri

nt module

For security and

access of bank

locker system.

1. Already

stored template.

2. Compares

with the input

fingerprint.

3. If match

authorized user.

4. If unmatched

unauthorized

user.

1.Authorize

d person

gets access

and door

gets open.

2.

Unauthorize

d person

doesn’t get

access.

For authorized

user door is

open.

For

unauthorized

user door is

closed.

TC5 Servo

motor

Locking

mechanism for

locker

1. Input from

fingerprint

module when

input is

matched with

stored template.

2.When input is

not matched

with stored

template.

1. If

matches the

servo motor

rotates or

unlocks the

door.

2. If

unmatched

door

remains

closed.

Unlock

successfully.

Lock

successfully.

TC6 IR sensor

It provides

feedback to the

servo motor to

lock the door.

1.Unlock door

2. Lock door

IR

transceiver

sense

ambient

light.

If sense then it

provide

feedback to

servo motor to

rotate

anticlockwise.

If not remains

as it is.

TC7 LED and

BUZZER

For indication

and alert

message.

1. Authorized

user

2. Unauthorized

1. Green

Led and

Buzzer

should ON

1. Green led

and buzzer

gets ON.

2. Red led and

23

user for

authorized

user.

2. Red Led

and Buzzer

should ON

for

unauthorize

d user.

buzzer gets

ON.

4.2 Experimentation

4.2.1 Experimentation on Fingerprint Module

Give 5V DC supply to R305 module, if the LED in module will blink then the module’s

supply is OK .

If Module LED Blinked continually then there is loose connection in supply.

4.2.2 Experimentation on Arduino Nano

Connect Arduino nano to computer’s USB port. Then the in-built led is blink when it is

get the power supply by PC. Another way to test the Nano is working or not?

Program: // the setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board

void setup() { // initialize digital pin LED_BUILTIN as an output. pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT); } // the loop function runs over and over again forever void loop() { digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level) delay(1000); // wait for a second digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW delay(1000); // wait for a second }

4.2.3 Experimentation on Servo Motor SG-90

Connect the following:

Servo motor(GND) to Arduino nano (GND)

Servo motor(VCC) to Arduino nano (VCC/+5v)

Servo motor(Data In) to Arduino nano (Digital Pin 2)

Arduino Nano to your laptop/pc

24

Code for Servo Motor Test:

#include <Servo.h>

Servo servo_pin_2;

void setup()

{

servo_pin_2.attach(2,530,2600); }

void loop()

{

servo_pin_2.write( 0 );

delay( 2000 );

servo_pin_2.write( 180 );

delay( 2000 );

servo_pin_2.write( 0 );

delay( 2000 );

servo_pin_2.write( 180 );

delay( 1000 );

}

4.2.4 Experimentation on IR Sensor

Make a connections:

Vcc to the power supply 3-5V DC;

Gnd to the ground reference;

Out for the digital output signal of the sensor i.e. Transceiver.

Code for IR sensor test:

#define IR 2 // digital pin input for ir sensor

int detection = HIGH; // no obstacle

int i = 0;

// array digital pin for: green led(3,4,5) - white led (6,7,8)- red led (9,10,11)

int LedPIN[] = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11};

Fig. 4.1 : Interfacing of servo motor

Fig.4.2 : working of servo motor

25

void setup() {

pinMode(IR, INPUT);

for(i = 0; i &lt; 9; i++){

pinMode(LedPIN[i], OUTPUT);

}

}

void loop() {

detection = digitalRead(IR);

if(detection == LOW){

BlinkLED();

}

else{

LedOFF();

}

delay(1);

}

4.2.5 Experimentation on Buzzer

The Connections are pretty simple:

Connect the Supply wire (RED) of the buzzer to the Digital Pin 9 of the Arduino

through a 100 ohm resistor.

Connect the Ground wire (BLACK) of the buzzer to any Ground Pin on the Arduino.

That's all of it. Time to Code.

Note: The resistor is used in order to protect the board/micro-controller from any damage

due to the audio output device.

Code:

<p>const int buzzerPin = 9; // declaring the PWM pin</p><p>

void setup()

{

Serial.begin(8600);

pinMode(buzzerPin, OUTPUT); //addigning pin to Output mode</p><p>}</p><p>

void loop()

{

tone(buzzerPin, 50);

delay(50);

noTone(buzzerPin);

delay(100); } </p>

Fig.4.3 : connection of IR sensor with arduino

26

4.3 Result

Image shows all

hardware description

of fingerprint

module.

Step 1: When the

power supply is

given to the circuit.

The handshaking is

done in which shows

all the connections

are in proper

working.

Step 2: When the

power supply is

given to the circuit.

The fingerprint

module Always is in

Search mode.

Step 3: When

manager fingerprint

matches with stored

template in database.

Then Fingerprint

module is in enroll

loop.

27

Step 4: Enroll is

done successfully

and user gets access

to the bank locker.

Step 5: For

authorized user

opens his/her locker

by using his

fingerprint and it

matches with the

stored template and

door gets unlock.

Step 6: when locker

gets unlock user

does his work the

door remains open

till his work is done

and till user closes

the door.

Step 7: As soon as

user finishes his

work he closes the

door and door gets

lock automatically

by the feedback of

IR sensor.

28

Step 8: For

unauthorized user

the access gets

declined when he

tries to unlock the

locker.

Step 9: When

unauthorized user

place his/her finger

the alert system i.e.

buzzer beep and red

LED for indication

starts.

Step 10: If we place

finger of authorized

user and door gets

unlock but user

doesn’t opens the

door.

Step 11: The door

gets lock after five

seconds when no

activity is done.

29

5. CONCLUSION

5.1 Conclusion

Biometrics has undergone intense scrutiny and the results are in - when properly deployed,

biometrics work well and are safe, secure, and accurate.

The project took the revolution in the history of lockers, because this system overcome

limitation of traditional locking systems like locks & keys, password authentication, RFID

Card, etc. Because all the systems had some disadvantages like duplication of keys and

RFID Cards or hacking of passwords. But in biometric security system there is zero

possibility of duplication of fingerprints and DNA.

5.2 Applications

Bank Lockers or security safes: Many of the banks use key based or password based

locks for their lockers or safes. We can implement Fingerprint based bank locker system

using this project.

Industrial application: “Fingerprint-based security system” project can be used by the

employees, staff or workers in various industries like Automobile industries, manufacturing

industries, Software development companies.

Home or domestic application: This project can be used to automate the door locking

process at our home, so the user needs not to carry the door lock keys along with him, he

can just use his/her finger to open the door.

5.3 Advantages

Fingerprint based security system is the most secured system as compared to other

systems. Reason is that RFID card or Keys of lock can be stolen, password may be leaked.

However thumbnail of every human being is unique, so lock will not open unless the same

person is present to give the impression of fingerprint.

Smart Alert via SMS to user.

No need to carry the keys to open the lock. Or even there is no need to remember the

password or any Pin number.

One of the main advantages is that this system remembers the stored password even if the

power supply is turned off.

30

Scientific research and studies have proved that fingerprints do not change as you grow

up.

Using Fingerprint saves time to gain access as compared to other methods like RFID card,

Password or Key.

5.4 Future Scope

Use Single Fingerprint Scanner to access All the locker.

In addition to this the future scope of this project is to develop smart bank Locker security

system based on “FACE”, “IRIS and Retina” Scanning for visual identification of the

person.

REFERENCES

[1] A. Aditya Shankar, “Finger Print Based Door Locking System”, IJECS Volume 4

Issue 3 March, 2015 ISSN:2319-7242.

[2] Omidiora E. O.(2011) “A Prototype of a Fingerprint Based Ignition Systems in

Vehicles” Published in European Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-216X

Vol.62 No.2 (2011), pp. 164-171 © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2011.

[3] Karthikeyan.a “Fingerprint Based Ignition System” Published in Karthikeyan.a,

Sowndharya.j /International Journal of Computational Engineering Research /

ISSN: 2250–3005.

[4] Pavithra. b.c., “Fingerprint Based Bank Locker System Using Microcontroller”,

Proceedings of IRF International Conference, 05th April-2014, Pondicherry,

India, ISBN: 978-93-82702-71-9.

[5] Crystalynne D. Cortez, “Development of Microcontroller-Based Biometric Locker

System with Short Message Service” Lecture Notes on Software Engineering,

Vol. 4, No. 2, May 2016.

[6] Smita s. Mudholkaretal, “Biometrics Authentication Technique For Intrusion

Detection Systems Using Fingerprint Recognition”, International Journal of

Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology (IJCSEIT), Vol.2,

No.1, February 2012.

[7] Ms. Reetu Awasthi, “A Study Of Biometrics Security System”, International

Journal Of Innovative Research & Development Page 737 www.Ijird.Com April,

2013 Vol. 2 Issue 4.

[8] Sagar S.Palsodkar, “Bank Lockers Security System using Biometric and GSM

Technology”, SSRG International Journal of Electronics and Communication

Engineering (SSRG-IJECE) – Volume 2 Issue 4–April 2015.

[9] Raghu Ram Gangi, “Locker Opening And Closing System Using Rfid,

Fingerprint, Password and GSM” International Journal of Emerging Trends &

Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS, Volume 2, Issue 2, March – April

2013 ISSN 2278-6856.

[10] Anil k. Jain, Ling Hong, Sharath Pankanti, Ruud Bolle “An Identity-

Authentication System using Fingerprints” .IEEE Vol.85 No.9 September1997.

[11] Mary Lourde R and Dushyant Khosla, “Fingerprint Identification in Biometric

Security Systems”, International Journal of Computer and Electrical Engineering,

Vol. 2, No. 5, October,2010.

[12] A. O. Oke, A. A. Adigun, A. S. Falohun, and F. O. Alamu, “Development of a

programmable electronic digital code lock system,” International Journal of

Computer and Information Technology, vol.2, issue 1, pp. 127-131, January 2013.

[13] D. Matoni, D. Maio, A. K. Jain, and S. Prabhakar, Handbook of Fingerprint

Recognition, 2nd ed., London: Springer Verlay London Limited, 2009, ch. 2, pp.

57-58.

[14] http://tiny.cc/o3z15y

1

R30X Series

Fingerprint Identification Module

User Manual

I Introduction

Power DC 3.6V-6.0V Interface UART(TTL logical level)/ USB 1.1

Working current Typical: 100mA Peak: 150mA

Matching Mode 1:1 and 1:N

Baud rate (9600*N)bps, N=1～12 (default N=6）

Character file size 256 bytes

Image acquiring time <0.5s Template size 512 bytes Storage capacity 256 Security level 5 (1, 2, 3, 4, 5(highest))FAR <0.001% FRR <0.1% Average searching time < 1s (1:1000) Window dimension 18mm*22mm

Temp: -10℃- +40℃ Temp: -40℃- +85℃ Working environment RH: 40%-85%

Storage environment RH: <85%

Split type Module: 32*23*7mm Sensor:56*20*21.5mm

Outline Dimention

Integral type 54.5*20.6*23.8mm

Operation Principle

Fingerprint processing includes two parts: fingerprint enrollment and fingerprint matching (the matching can be 1:1 or 1:N). When enrolling, user needs to enter the finger two times. The system will process the two time finger images, generate a template of the finger based on processing results and store the template. When matching, user enters the finger through optical sensor and system will generate a template of the finger and compare it with templates of the finger library. For 1:1 matching, system will compare the live finger with specific template designated in the Module; for 1:N matching, or searching, system will search the whole finger library for the matching finger. In both circumstances, system will return the matching result, success or failure.

- 1 -

II Main Parameters

III Hardware Interface Exterior Interface

R305 (All in one)

- 2 -

R305F

Connecting with PC (P1/P2 on board)

Serial Communication(P1)

When the FP module communicates with user device, definition of J1 is as follows: Pin Nmuber Name Type Function Description

1 Vin in Power input 2 GND － Signal ground. Connected to power ground (color: black） 3 TD in Data output. TTL logical level 4 RD out Data input. TTL logical level

- 3 -

Hardware connection

Via serial interface, the Module may communicate with MCU of 3.3V or 5V power: TD (pin 3 of P1) connects with RXD (receiving pin of MCU), RD (pin 4 of P1) connects with TXD (transferring pin of MCU). Should the upper computer (PC) be in RS-232 mode, please add level converting circuit, like MAX232, between the Module and PC.

Serial communication protocol

The mode is semiduplex asychronism serial communication. And the default baud rate is 57600bps. User may set the baud rate in 9600～115200bps。 Transferring frame format is 10 bit: the low-level starting bit, 8-bit data with the LSB first, and an ending bit. There is no check bit.

Reset time

At power on, it takes about 500ms for initialization. During this period, the Module can’t accept commands for upper computer.

Electrical paramenter (All electrical level takes GND as reference)

Power supply Parameter

Item Min Typ Max

Unit Note

Power Voltage (Vin) 3.6 6.0 V Normal working value. Maximum Voltage (Vinmax)

－0.3 7.0 V Exceeding the Maximum rating may cause permant harm to the Module.

Operation Current (Icc)

90 100 110 mA

Peak Current (Ipeak) 150 mA

TD（output, TTL logic level） Parameter

Item Condition Min Typ Max

Unit Note

VOL IOL=－4mA 0.4 V Logic 0 VOH IOH= 4mA 2.4 3.3 V Logic 1

RD（input, TTL logic level） Parameter

Item Condition Min Typ Max

Unit Note

VIL 0.6 V Loigc 0

- 4 -

VIH 2.4 V Logic 1 VIH =5V 1 mA

IIH VIH =3.3V 30 uA

VImax －0.3 5.5 V Maximum input voltage

IV System Resources To address demands of different customer, Module system provides abundant resources at user’s use.

Notepad

The system sets aside a 512-bytes memory (16 pages* 32 bytes) for user’s notepad, where data requiring power-off protection can be stored. The host can access the page by instructions of PS_WriteNotepad and PS_Read Notepad. Note: when write on one page of the pad, the entire 32 bytes will be written in wholly covering the original contents.

Buffer

There are an image buffer and two 512-byte-character-file buffer within the RAM space of the module. Users can read & write any of the buffers by instructions. Note: Contents of the above buffers will be lost at power-off.

Image buffer

ImageBuffer serves for image storage and the image format is 256*288 pixels. When transferring through UART, to quicken speed, only the upper 4 bits of the pixel is transferred (that is 16 grey degrees). And two adjacent pixels of the same row will form a byte before the transferring. When uploaded to PC, the 16-grey-degree image will be extended to 256-grey-degree format. That’s 8-bit BMP format. When transferring through USB, the image is 8-bit pixel, that’s 256 grey degrees.

Character file buffer

Character file buffer, CharBuffer1, CharBuffer2, can be used to store both character file and template file.

4.3Fingerprint Library

Synstem sets aside a certain space within Flash for fingerprint template storage, that’s fingerprint library. Contents of the library remain at power off. Capacity of the library changes with the capacity of Flash, system will recognize the latter automatically. Fingerprint template’s storage in Flash is in sequential order. Assume the fingerprint capacity N, then the serial number of template in library is 0, 1, 2, 3 … N. User can only access library by template number.

- 5 -

System Confiuration Parameter

To facilitate user’s developing, Module opens part system parameters for use. And the basic instructions are SetSysPara & ReadSysPara. Both instructions take Parameter Number as parameter. When upper computer sends command to modify parameter, Module first responses with original configurations, then performs the parameter modification and writes configuration record into Flash. At the next startup, system will run with the new configurations.

Baud rate control (Parameter Number: 4)

The Parameter controls the UART communication speed of the Modul. Its value is an integer N, N= [1, 12]. Cooresponding baud rate is 9600*N bps。

Security Level (Parameter Number: 5)

The Parameter controls the matching threshold value of fingerprint searching and matching. Security level is divided into 5 grades, and cooresponding value is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. At level 1, FAR is the highest and FRR is the lowest; however at level 5, FAR is the lowest and FRR is the highest.

Data package length (Parameter Number: 6)

The parameter decides the max length of the transferring data package when communicating with upper computer. Its value is 0, 1, 2, 3, corresponding to 32 bytes, 64 bytes, 128 bytes, 256 bytes respectively.

System status register

System status register indicates the current operation status of the Module. Its length is 1 word, and can be read via instruction ReadSysPara. Definition of the register is as follows:

Bit Num 15 4 3 2 1 0 Description Reserved ImgBufStat PWD Pass Busy

Note: Busy：1 bit. 1: system is executing commands; 0: system is free; Pass：1 bit. 1: find the matching finger; 0: wrong finger; PWD：1 bit. 1: Verified device’s handshaking password. ImgBufStat：1 bit. 1: image buffer contains valid image.

Module password

At power-on reset, system first checks whether the handshaking password has been modified. If not, system deems upper computer has no requirement of verifying password and will enter into normal operation mode. That’s, when Module password remains the default, verifying process can be jumped. The password length is 4 bytes, and its default factory value is 0FFH, 0FFH, 0FFH, 0FFH. Should the password have be modified, refer to instruction SetPwd, then Module (or device) handshaking password must be verified before the system enter into normal operation mode. Or else, system will refuse to execute and command.

- 6 -

The new modified password is stored in Flash and remains at power off.

Module address

Each module has an identifying address. When communicating with upper computer, each instruction/data is transferred in data package form, which contains the address item. Module system only responds to data package whose address item value is the same with its identifying address. The address length is 4 bytes, and its default factory value is 0xFFFFFFFF. User may modify the address via instruction SetAdder. The new modified address remains at power off.

Random number generator

Module integrates a hardware 32-bit random number generator (RNG) (without seed). Via instruction GetRandomCode, system will generate a random number and upload it.

V Communication Protocol The protocol defines the data exchanging format when ZFM-20 series communicates with upper computer. The protocol and instruction sets apples for both UART and USB communication mode. For PC, USB interface is strongly recommended to improve the exchanging speed, especially in fingerprint scanning device.

5.1Data package format

When communicating, the transferring and receiving of command/data/result are all wrapped in data package format. Data package format

Header Adder Package identifier

Package length

Package content (instuction/data/Parameter）

Checksum

Definition of Data package

Name Symbol Length Description

Header Start 2 bytes Fixed value of 0xEF01; High byte transferred first.

Adder ADDER 4 bytesDefault value is 0xFFFFFFFF, which can be modified by command. High byte transferred first and at wrong adder value, module will reject to transfer.

01H Command packet;

02H Data packet; Data packet shall not appear alone in executing processs, must follow command packet or acknowledge packet.

Package identifier

PID 1 byte

07H Acknowledge packet;

- 7 -

08H End of Data packet.

Package length

LENGTH 2 bytesRefers to the length of package content (command packets and data packets) plus the length of Checksum( 2 bytes). Unit is byte. Max length is 256 bytes. And high byte is transferred first.

Package contents

DATA － It can be commands, data, command’s parameters, acknowledge result, etc. (fingerprint character value, template are all deemed as data);

Checksum SUM 2 bytesThe arithmetic sum of package identifier, package length and all package contens. Overflowing bits are omitted. high byte is transferred first.

Check and acknowledgement of data package

Note: Commands shall only be sent from upper computer to the Module, and the Module acknowledges the commands.

Upon receipt of commands, Module will report the commands execution status and results to upper computer through acknowledge packet. Acknowledge packet has parameters and may also have following data packet. Upper computer can’t ascertain Module’s package receiving status or command execution results unless through acknowledge packet sent from Module. Acknowledge packet includes 1 byte confirmation code and maybe also the returned parameter. Confirmation code’s definition is : 00h: commad execution complete; 01h: error when receiving data package; 02h: no finger on the sensor; 03h: fail to enroll the finger; 06h: fail to generate character file due to the over-disorderly fingerprint image; 07h: fail to generate character file due to lackness of character point or over-smallness of fingerprint image 08h: finger doesn’t match; 09h: fail to find the matching finger; 0Ah: fail to combine the character files; 0Bh: addressing PageID is beyond the finger library; 0Ch: error when reading template from library or the template is invalid; 0Dh: error when uploading template; 0Eh: Module can’t receive the following data packages. 0Fh: error when uploading image; 10h: fail to delete the template; 11h: fail to clear finger library; 13h: wrong password! 15h: fail to generate the image for the lackness of valid primary image; 18h: error when writing flash; 19h: No definition error; 1Ah: invalid register number; 1Bh: incorrect configuration of register;

- 8 -

1Ch: wrong notepad page number; 1Dh: fail to operate the communication port; others: system reserved;

VI Module Instruction System

R303A series provide 23 instructions. Through combination of different instructions, application program may realize muti finger authentication functions. All commands/data are transferred in package format. Refer to 5.1 for the detailed information of package.

System-related instructions

Verify passwoard VfyPwd

Description: Verify Module’s handshaking password. (Refer to 4.6 for details) Input Parameter: PassWord (4 bytes) Return Parameter: Confirmation code (1 byte) Instruction code: 13H Command (or instruction) package format:

2 bytes 4bytes 1 byte 2 bytes 1 byte 4 byte 2 bytes Header Module

address Package identifier

Instruction code

Password Checksum

0xEF01 xxxx 01H 07H 13H PassWord sum Acknowledge package format:

2 bytes 4bytes 1 byte 2 bytes 1 byte 2 bytes Header Module address Package

identifier Package Length

Confirmation code

Checksum

0xEF01 xxxx 07H 03H xxH sum Note: Confirmation code = 00H: Correct password;

Confirmation code = 01H: error when receiving package; Confirmation code = 13H: Wrong password;

Set password SetPwd

Description: Set Module’s handshaking password. (Refer to 4.6 for details) Input Parameter: PassWord (4 bytes) Return Parameter: Confirmation code (1 byte) Instruction code: 12H Command (or instruction) package format:

2 bytes 4bytes 1 byte 2 bytes 1 byte 4 byte 2 bytes Header Module

address Package identifier

Package length

Instruction code

Password Checksum

0xEF01 xxxx 01H 07H 12H PassWord sum

- 9 -

Acknowledge package format: 2 bytes 4 byte 2 bytes 1 byte 2 bytes Header Module address Package length Confirmation

code Checksum

0xEF01 xxxx 03H xxH Sum

Note: Confirmation code=00H: password setting complete; Confirmation code=01H: error when receiving package;

Set Module address SetAdder

Description: Set Module address. (Refer to 4.7 for adderss information) Input Parameter: None; Return Parameter: Confirmation code (1 byte) Instruction code: 15H Command (or instruction) package format:

2 bytes 4bytes 1 byte 2 bytes 1 byte 4 bytes 2 bytes Header Original

Module address Package identifier

Package length

Instruction code

New Module address

Checksum

0xEF01 xxxx 01H 07H 15H xxxx sum Acknowledge package format:

2 bytes 4bytes 1 byte 2 bytes 1 byte 2 bytes Header New Module

address Package identifier

Package length

Confirmation code

Checksum

0xEF01 xxxx 07H 07H xxH Sum Note: Confirmation code=00H: address setting complete;

Confirmation code=01H: error when receiving package;

Set module system’s basic parameter SetSysPara

Description: Operation parameter settings. (Refer to 4.4 for more information) Input Parameter: Parameter number; Return Parameter: Confirmation code (1 byte) Instruction code: 0eH Command (or instruction) package format:

2 bytes 4bytes 1 byte 2 bytes 1 byte 1byte 1byte 2 bytes Header Module

address Package identifier

Package length

Instruction code

Parameter number

Contents Checksum

0xEF01 Xxxx 01H 05H 0eH 4/5/6 xx sum Acknowledge package format: 2 bytes 4bytes 1 byte 2 bytes 1 byte 2 bytes Header Module

address Package identifier

Package length

Confirmation code

Checksum

0xEF01 Xxxx 07H 03H xxH Sum Note: Confirmation code=00H: parameter setting complete;

Confirmation code=01H: error when receiving package;

- 10 -

Arduino Nano (V2.3)

User Manual

Released under the Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 License

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/

More information:

www.arduino.cc Rev. 2.3

Arduino Nano Pin Layout

!

D1/TX (1) (30) VIN D0/RX (2) (29) GND RESET (3) (28) RESET GND (4) (27) +5V D2 (5) (26) A0 D3 (6) (25) A1 D4 (7) (24) A2 D5 (8) (23) A3 D6 (9) (22) A4 D7 (10) (21) A5 D8 (11) (20) A6 D9 (12) (19) A7 D10 (13) (18) AREF D11 (14) (17) 3V3 D12 (15) (16) D13

Pin No. Name Type Description 1-2, 5-16 D0-D13 I/O Digital input/output port 0 to 13

3, 28 RESET Input Reset (active low) 4, 29 GND PWR Supply ground

17 3V3 Output +3.3V output (from FTDI) 18 AREF Input ADC reference

19-26 A7-A0 Input Analog input channel 0 to 7 27 +5V Output or

Input +5V output (from on-board regulator) or +5V (input from external power supply)

30 VIN PWR Supply voltage

!!!!!!

Arduino Nano Mechanical Drawing

!

Arduino Nano Bill of Material Item!Number! Qty.! Ref.!Dest.! Description! Mfg.!P/N! MFG! Vendor!P/N! Vendor!

1! 5! C1,C3,C4,C7,C9!Capacitor,!0.1uF!50V!10%!Ceramic!X7R!0805! C0805C104K5RACTU! Kemet! 80"C0805C104K5R! Mouser!

2! 3! C2,C8,C10!Capacitor,!4.7uF!10V!10%!Tantalum!Case!A! T491A475K010AT! Kemet! 80"T491A475K010! Mouser!

3! 2! C5,C6!Capacitor,!18pF!50V!5%!Ceramic!NOP/COG!0805! C0805C180J5GACTU! Kemet! 80"C0805C180J5G! Mouser!

4! 1! D1! Diode,!Schottky!0.5A!20V! MBR0520LT1G! ONSemi! 863"MBR0520LT1G! Mouser!5! 1! J1,J2! Headers,!36PS!1!Row! 68000"136HLF! FCI! 649"68000"136HLF! Mouser!

6! 1! J4!Connector,!Mini"B!Recept!Rt.!Angle! 67503"1020! Molex! 538"67503"1020! Mouser!

7! 1! J5! Headers,!72PS!2!Rows! 67996"272HLF! FCI! 649"67996"272HLF! Mouser!

8! 1! LD1!

LED,!Super!Bright!RED!100mcd!640nm!120degree!0805! APT2012SRCPRV! Kingbright! 604"APT2012SRCPRV! Mouser!

9! 1! LD2!

LED,!Super!Bright!GREEN!50mcd!570nm!110degree!0805! APHCM2012CGCK"F01! Kingbright! 604"APHCM2012CGCK! Mouser!

10! 1! LD3!

LED,!Super!Bright!ORANGE!160mcd!601nm!110degree!0805! APHCM2012SECK"F01! Kingbright! 04"APHCM2012SECK! Mouser!

11! 1! LD4!

LED,!Super!Bright!BLUE!80mcd!470nm!110degree!0805! LTST"C170TBKT! Lite"On!Inc! 160"1579"1"ND! Digikey!

12! 1! R1!Resistor!Pack,!1K!+/"5%!62.5mW!4RES!SMD! YC164"JR"071KL! Yageo! YC164J"1.0KCT"ND! Digikey!

13! 1! R2!Resistor!Pack,!680!+/"5%!62.5mW!4RES!SMD! YC164"JR"07680RL! Yageo! YC164J"680CT"ND! Digikey!

14! 1! SW1!Switch,!Momentary!Tact!SPST!150gf!3.0x2.5mm! B3U"1000P! Omron! SW1020CT"ND! Digikey!

15! 1! U1!

IC,!Microcontroller!RISC!16kB!Flash,!0.5kB!EEPROM,!23!I/O!Pins! ATmega168"20AU! Atmel! 556"ATMEGA168"20AU! Mouser!

16! 1! U2!IC,!USB!to!SERIAL!UART!28!Pins!SSOP! FT232RL! FTDI! 895"FT232RL! Mouser!

17! 1! U3!IC,!Voltage!regulator!5V,!500mA!SOT"223! UA78M05CDCYRG3! TI! 595"UA78M05CDCYRG3! Mouser!

18! 1! Y1!Cystal,!16MHz!+/"20ppm!HC"49/US!Low!Profile! ABL"16.000MHZ"B2! Abracon! 815"ABL"16"B2! Mouser!

SERVO MOTOR SG90 DATA SHEET

Tiny and lightweight with high output power. Servo can rotate approximately 180 degrees (90 in each direction), and works just like the standard kinds but smaller. You can use any servo code, hardware or library to control these servos. Good for beginners who want to make stuff move without building a motor controller with feedback & gear box, especially since it will fit in small places. It comes with a 3 horns (arms) and hardware.

Position "0" (1.5 ms pulse) is middle, "90" (~2ms pulse) is middle, is all the way to the right, "-90" (~1ms pulse) is all the way to the left.

Silicon TechnoLabs IR Proximity Sensor

Product Datasheet www.silicontechnolabs.in 1

IR Proximity Sensor

Silicon TechnoLabs IR Proximity Sensor

Product Datasheet www.silicontechnolabs.in 2

1. Descriptions

The Multipurpose Infrared Sensor is an add-on for your line follower robot and obstacle avoiding robot that gives your robot the ability to detect lines or nearby objects. The sensor works by detecting reflected light coming from its own infrared LED. By measuring the

amount of reflected infrared light, it can detect light or dark (lines) or even objects directly in

front of it. An onboard RED LED is used to indicate the presence of an object or detect line. Sensing range is adjustable with inbuilt variable resistor.

The sensor has a 3-pin header which connects to the microcontroller board or Arduino board via female to female or female to male jumper wires. A mounting hole for easily

connect one or more sensor to the front or back of your robot chassis.

2. Features

5VDC operating voltage.

I/O pins are 5V and 3.3V compliant.

Range: Up to 20cm.

Adjustable Sensing range.

Built-in Ambient Light Sensor.

20mA supply current.

Mounting hole.

3. Specifications

Size: 50 x 20 x 10 mm (L x B x H)

Hole size: φ2.5mm

4. Schematics

Silicon TechnoLabs IR Proximity Sensor

Product Datasheet www.silicontechnolabs.in 3

5. Hardware Details

IR Transmitter

IR Receiver

Variable Resistor To set range of sensor

(0-20cm)

Digital Output to Arduino or Microcontroller Input

GND

5V DC

Surface

Reflected Rays