application of physical habitat assessment index in wu river and basin of shihmen reservoir...
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Application of Physical HabiApplication of Physical Habitat Assessment Index in Wu tat Assessment Index in Wu River and Basin of Shihmen River and Basin of Shihmen Reservoir Reservoir
授課教授:林俐玲 鄭皆達授課教授:林俐玲 鄭皆達陳鴻烈 林德貴陳鴻烈 林德貴
報告學生:安軒霈 報告學生:安軒霈 8944200389442003
NCHUSWCStream Morphology &
Engineering Lab.
Bo Ai Elementary SchoolBo Ai Elementary School
2003.1.12 2004.8.28
Original Bank
New Bank
Introduction Location: western edge of the
Pacific Ocean, seismically active region, sub-tropical area.
Area: 36,000 km2 with two-thirds of mountains.
Annual rainfall: 2,000mm.
Natural disasters: landslide, debris flow, and floods
Eastern Asia at 23°30’N, 121°00’E
Debris Flow in Song He
Before After
NCHUSWCStream Morphology &
Engineering Lab.Introduction
Silt Work and Concrete Revetment
Check DamSubmerged Dam and Concrete Revetment
Natural Habitat
NCHUSWCStream Morphology &
Engineering Lab.Introduction
IndexIndex introductionintroduction
QHEIQHEI Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index
Assessment method of physical environment characteristics for river. It can assess whether a river satisfies the biological needs for aquatic creatures.
ISC ISC Index of Stream Condition
Evaluate the quality of a river’s chemical, physical, and ecological characteristics
RBPRBPRapid Bioassessment Protocols
The Protocols is an economical and scientific procedure that provides investigation of various locations in a short time.
SERAS SERAS Stream Environment Rapid Assessment System
Combine the external engineering and the internal structure of river, water pattern features and ecology. It can corresponds to the river environment and ecological features of Taiwan.
NCHUSWCStream Morphology &
Engineering Lab.
Mountain River Plain River
Introduction The assessment indexes
only describe the current situation of a river or habitat environments.Before
After
Concave Bank
Convex bank
Various river morphology have different habitat.
NCHUSWCStream Morphology &
Engineering Lab.Stream Classification System with Five Levels
Level 1Level 1BasinBasin
Level 2Level 2DrainageDrainage
Level 3Level 3Maim RiverMaim River
Level 4Level 4ChannelChannel
ForceForce Topography
Level 5Level 5HabitatHabitat
Plane
Net
Line
Reach
GeologyProperty
GeologyStructure
SedimentTransport
Bed MaterialDistribution
HydrologicDistribution
DrainagePattern
TopographyGeometry
TopographyControl
TopographyProperty
Main RiverPattern
HydraulicProperty
ChannelShape
SedimentFlow
PropertiesBed Form Point
第一層流域特性
第二層主流特性
第三層縱橫剖面特性
第四層泥砂運移特性
第五層生態棲地特性
地質 地形水系
地質特性 流域幾何特性水系型態特性
底床質 地形特性主流平面型態
水砂條件特性
人為
地形控制點侵蝕基準面 人為控制點
、 、 泥砂 水流 地形交互作用特性 人工構造物
生態棲地組成
尺度S
patial and tim
e scale
VegetationDistribution
Vegetationstability
Plant, rooteffect
Land UseDistribution
HumanActivity
Check DamWeir
Revetmentlevee
CityTown
VegetationBuffer Zone
VegetationZone
Geology Water Human Vegetation
河相與棲地關連性
NCHUSWCStream Morphology &
Engineering Lab.Stream Classification System with Five Levels Level V – Habitat Level V – Habitat
ForceForceHabitat Habitat
Boundary ConditionBoundary ConditionHabitatHabitat
Explicit PropertyExplicit Property
Sediment,Sediment,Flow conditionFlow condition
ArtificialConstruction
Seasonal orDaily DischargeHuman Activity
Sediment
Flow
Topography
Human
Vegetation
BedMaterial
VelocityDepth
Step-poolBar
Vegetation
Transverse Constructions
Point BarsFlood Plain
WaterfrontVegetation
GroundWater
RevetmentLevee
WaterfrontBar
Aqueous
Waterfront
HabitatUnit
HabitatUnit
HabitatUnit
Waterfront
WaterfrontWaterfront
Waterfront
NCHUSWCStream Morphology &
Engineering Lab.Stream Physical Habitat Assessment Index Aqueous habitats Aqueous habitats
NCHUSWCStream Morphology &
Engineering Lab.Stream Physical Habitat Assessment Index Waterfront and barsWaterfront and bars
NCHUSWCStream Morphology &
Engineering Lab.
NT4
0
25
50
75
100Sediment
Flow
TopographyVegetation
Nature
NT5
0
25
50
75
100Sediment
Flow
TopographyVegetation
Nature
Stream Physical Habitat Assessment Index
Nanzaigou Creek, Artificial Habitat
Nanzaigou Creek, Natural Habitat
Application of indexApplication of indexSediment C45
Flow B53
Topography C45
Vegetation B70
Nature A84
Sediment A98
Flow A99
Topography A97
Vegetation C35
Nature A100
NCHUSWCStream Morphology &
Engineering Lab.
NT4
0
25
50
75
100Sediment
Flow
TopographyVegetation
Nature
Stream Physical Habitat Assessment Index
Nanzaigou Creek, Artificial Habitat
Straight, hills and coarse bed matStraight, hills and coarse bed material river with U-shaped valley reerial river with U-shaped valley reach, artificial habitatsach, artificial habitats
Nanzaigou Creek, Natural Habitat
Application of indexApplication of indexSediment C45
Flow B53
Topography C45
Vegetation B70
Nature A84
Sediment A98
Flow A99
Topography A97
Vegetation C35
Nature A100
NT5
0
25
50
75
100Sediment
Flow
TopographyVegetation
Nature
NCHUSWCStream Morphology &
Engineering Lab.
Sediment C45, -2.12
Flow B53, -1.84
Topography C45, -2.08
Vegetation B70, 1.40
Nature A84, -0.64
NT4
0
25
50
75
100Sediment
Flow
TopographyVegetation
Nature
Stream Physical Habitat Assessment Index
Nanzaigou Creek, Artificial Habitat
Straight, hills and coarse bed matStraight, hills and coarse bed material river with U-shaped valley reerial river with U-shaped valley reach, artificial habitatsach, artificial habitats
Nanzaigou Creek, Natural Habitat
Application of indexApplication of indexSediment C45, -53
Flow B53, -46
Topography C45, -52
Vegetation B70, 35
Nature A84, -16
Sediment A98
Flow A99
Topography A97
Vegetation C35
Nature A100
NT5
0
25
50
75
100Sediment
Flow
TopographyVegetation
Nature
NCHUSWCStream Morphology &
Engineering Lab.Assessment Results
40 0 40 80 Kilometers
N Altitude (m)
Location: central-west part of Taiwan.
Area: 2,025 km2
Plain: 22%
Mountain and Hill: 44%
Forest: 34%
Average height: 651 m
Main river length: 119.1 km
Wu River Basin Wu River Basin
Habitat InvestigationHabitat Investigation Total habitats: 161
Natural habitat: 108
Artificial habitat: 61
NCHUSWCStream Morphology &
Engineering Lab.
40 0 40 80 Kilometers
N
a: V-shaped valley
b: U-shaped valley
c: Multi-channel
d: Narrow and deep cross-section
e: Wide and shallow cross-section
I: Straight, hills and coarse bed material
II: Meandering, hills and coarse bed material
III: Braided, tableland and coarse bed material
IV: Braided, plain and coarse bed material
V: Straight, plain and coarse bed material
VI: Straight, estuary and coarse bed material
VII: Straight, estuary and fine bed material
Main River classificationMain River classification
Channel classificationChannel classification
Assessment Results
NCHUSWCStream Morphology &
Engineering Lab.
8烏
0
25
50
75
100泥砂
水流
地形植生
自然程度
Braided, plain and coarse bedMulti-channel
3烏
0
25
50
75
100泥砂
水流
地形植生
自然程度
Straight, estuary and fine bedWide and shallow cross-section
3平
0
25
50
75
100泥砂
水流
地形植生
自然程度
Straight, Hills and Coarse Bed MaterialU-Shaped Valley
21平
0
25
50
75
100泥砂
水流
地形植生
自然程度
Meandering, Hills and Coarse BedU-Shaped Valley
Assessment Results
1北
0
25
50
75
100泥砂
水流
地形植生
自然程度
Straight, Hills and Coarse Bed V-Shaped Valley
5南
0
25
50
75
100泥砂
水流
地形植生
自然程度
Meandering, Hills and Coarse Bed V-Shaped Valley
7北
0
25
50
75
100泥砂
水流
地形植生
自然程度
Braided, Tableland and Coarse BedU-shaped Valley
15烏
0
25
50
75
100泥砂
水流
地形植生
自然程度
Braided, Tableland and Coarse BedMulti-channel
7貓
0
25
50
75
100泥砂
水流
地形植生
自然程度
Straight, plain and coarse bedNarrow and deep cross-section
2筏
0
25
50
75
100泥砂
水流
地形植生
自然程度
Straight, plain and coarse bedWide and shallow cross-section
NCHUSWCStream Morphology &
Engineering Lab.
Construction Characteristics of the effective Index Reasons
Upstream Downstream
ConcreteRevetment
Human:2~3 levels downgraded.
Human: 1~2 levels downgraded.
The influences from the revetment are decreased as a result of the increasing of the river width.
Topography: Slightly increased.
Topography: Not obvious
The revetment could increase the bank stability obviouslyIn the upstream.
Assessment Results
Upstream Upstream Downstream
NCHUSWCStream Morphology &
Engineering Lab.
Construction Characteristics of the effective Index Reasons
Upstream Downstream
Submerged Dam
Sediment: Slightly downgraded.
Rarely seen. Sediment deposit at the upstream of dam. Sand and silt deposit and fill the pores of bars and waterfront. It decreases the scores of sediment.
Check Dam Flow: 0.5~1 levels downgraded.
Rarely seen. Sediment deposition at the upstream and influence the habitat obviously. The structure of step-pool is submerged by sediment, and decrease the diversity of flow diversity.
Silt Work Flow: 1 level downgraded
Topography: 1 level downgraded.
Topography: 0~1 levels increased
Backwater submerge the diversity obviously in upstream. Silt works create a high density of topography in downstream
Assessment Results
NCHUSWCStream Morphology &
Engineering Lab.
PhysicalPhysicalChemicalChemical
BiologicalBiological
Flow Velocity, Discharge, Depth, Energy, Bed Material, Pool, Riffle, Vegetation.
Biological Species, Quantity, Diversity, Aquatic Insects
BOD, Water Quality, pH, Suspended Solid,Pollution.
Effective index
NCHUSWCStream Morphology &
Engineering Lab.
石門水庫石門水庫羅浮羅浮
榮華壩榮華壩
蘇樂蘇樂巴陵巴陵
玉峰玉峰
秀巒秀巒
白石白石 鎮西堡鎮西堡
三光三光
Level I: Basin characteristiLevel I: Basin characteristi
c of Shihmen Reservoirc of Shihmen Reservoir
Area: 76,340 ha
Elevation: 135m ~ 3,529 m
Topography : South East to North West
Land Use : Forest: 92.69%
Annual Rainfall: 2426.9mm
Annual Discharge: 47.1cms
NCHUSWCStream Morphology &
Engineering Lab.
選取範圍內共包含 825 處崩塌(約佔總崩塌案例之 86.0% )
入庫泥砂入庫泥砂庫區
泰崗溪
玉峰溪 三光溪
羅浮至榮華
榮華至巴陵
薩克雅金溪
此區位之第一層流域特性較不穩定
資料來源 :國家災害防救中心
歷年崩塌地調查
Effective index
NCHUSWCStream Morphology &
Engineering Lab.
###
####
# ##
###
±
FishFish
Water QualityWater Quality
Order: 5, family: 10, species: 21Endemic Species in Taiwan: 8Alien Species: Oncorhynchus mykiss (虹鱒) , Carassius carassius(鯽魚) , Oreochromis niloticus niloticus (吳郭魚 )
Field investigateField investigate
項目包括溶氧量 DO 、氨氮 Ammonia 、化學需氧量 COD 、生化需氧量 BOD等
Eight Field Investigate During 2004.4 to 2005.10
中華大學水域生態環境中心 (2005)
榮華溪榮華溪
三民溪三民溪
卡拉溪卡拉溪
霞雲溪霞雲溪Effective index
NCHUSWCStream Morphology &
Engineering Lab.
輕度污染
中度污染
嚴重污染
極度污染
稍受 ( 未受 ) 污染
SS過高所致
水質皆屬於未受 ( 稍受 ) 污染,水質狀況佳 Effective index
NCHUSWCStream Morphology &
Engineering Lab.
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
93.4 93.7 93.風災後 93.11 94.1 94.4 94.7 94.10
月份
魚類數量
0
1
2
3
4
5SERAS
魚類等級台灣鏟頜魚
明潭吻鰕虎
台灣纓口鰍
Total
SERAS魚類等級
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
93.4 93.7 93.風災後 93.11 94.1 94.4 94.7 94.10
月份
魚類數量
0
1
2
3
4
5SERAS
魚類等級
虹鱒 台灣石魚賓
台灣馬口魚 台灣纓口鰍
台灣鏟頜魚 平頜鱲
粗首鱲 明潭吻鰕虎
Total SERAS魚類等級
卡拉溪卡拉溪 (( 卡卡 2)2)霞雲溪霞雲溪 (( 霞霞 1)1)
艾莉颱風 海棠、馬莎、泰利與龍王颱風
艾莉颱風 海棠、馬莎、泰利與龍王颱風
魚類數量 魚類數量SERAS魚類等級
SERAS魚類等級
TotalTotal
SERAS 魚類等級
SERAS 魚類等級
颱風的影響性 颱風的影響性 颱風頻率及強度高時,自然恢復力量跟不上,對棲息地破壞難以弭平 颱風過後大量巨石堆積,棲地大漂石有明顯增多趨勢(中華大學, 2005 ) 造成深潭減少與淺瀨增加 砂石堆積造成魚類生殖場與食物資源減 (Turnpenny et al., 1980)
水生物指標值平均為 3 或 4 ,即溪流狀況受人為干擾活動少,外來魚種亦較少入侵,溪流原始狀況佳
人為衝擊影響、氣候與水文特性等也影響該河段的魚群組成及族群分布 人為衝擊影響、氣候與水文特性等也影響該河段的魚群組成及族群分布
Effective index
NCHUSWCStream Morphology &
Engineering Lab.
Physical
Chemical
Biological
P + C + B = Comprehensive Effective Index
Item Category Effective Index
Assess Normalization Score
Comprehensive Effective Index
Habitat Restoration
Detail of Habitat Restoration
Habitat Damage Extent and Kind
ImprovementOr Retrogression
Comprehensive Effective Index
Effective of Artificial engineering
NCHUSWCStream Morphology &
Engineering Lab.Conclusion
The research adopt RBP and stream classification system with five levels to construct “stream physical habitat assessment index.”
The effect of an engineering or habitat restoration could be calculated by this assessment index.
NCHUSWCStream Morphology &
Engineering Lab.
Thanks for Your AttentionThanks for Your Attention