arkitekturat e rrjeteve

7/29/2019 Arkitekturat e Rrjeteve

1/24

Cregtleturct l rrhltlvlOsl vrtlt elog prvlsucr puot talflb`rl o rrhlt, elog vlon`sur sg jgbgo sgstlf t ecibb`vl n`t prn`rog pr rrhltgo l huch, ec n.fta q ec crnaur cstg sg t bgnaog sgstlfgo l e`fphutlrtvl sgoh trsg. Foyrc f l fgr pr tc erylr et puo t t ayhf f talbb o t`p`b`khg, tlf t jgbo

saeurt l elfg prpuou o ecpgtubbgo l ecbucr. Hc nal oh pcrcvsatrgf g saeurt t tgplvl eryls`rlt t`p`b`khgvl.

^`p`b`khgt Dgzgelprsaeruco sl sg e`fphutlrt onrfhlt vltg hco t bgnaur. ^`p`b`khgodgzgel fuon tc eòsgnlròg sg pbcog o t jgbo hco t pcrcqgtur sl sg nuelo e`fhutlrt, nalecibb`t t d`t`krcducr okc chrg. ^`p`b`khgc dgzgel prdsago ecibb`t , eòlet`rt , OGJ nal auilt.Osl oh pchgshl sat phls l rrhltgt nal g prlesaf, cg sat phls l rrhltgt fl t`p`b`khg dgzgel.

^`p`b`khgt b`khgel prsaeruch sl sg sgohcblt bvgzgo(prsae`ho) e`fphutlrvl t bgnauro rrhlt `sl sg god`rfcjgòlt sae`ho okc oyhc C o oyho I. ^ ohlhtct dhcb(fckhgstrcbl, uocz)prn`rlo pr t prsaerucr t`p`b`khgt l vlcotc dgzgel nal b`khgel, esatu q tc euptòg ncbbgfgo

]csg t z`tròg vl`rgt l onrysafl t t`p`b`khgvl okc ny ectlk`rgt l f pcrsafl, n` tecb`hf o pr`tè`bbl t jgbt fuon t prn`rlo o puoo o rrhlt t e`fphutlrvl. ]r`tè`bblt

pr nrkgf t god`rfcjgòlvl opr rrhlt hco tahlsat phls tleogel t etgh ecpgtubbg, ohàhc l ftuthlsafl n` t hlt f l blat.

^`p`b`k h g t Dgzgel

Osl nsagròg, fuon tg bgnaog ecibb`t okc sljgbc oyh l rrhltgt nlrg tle t khgtac oyhlt l thlrc. O tvrtlt oo eusatgo q t elog fhcdt vlon tg dusog t khgtac ecibb`t, nal ey eòdgkurgf n` tduoesgò`h fgr. G vltfg prìblf sat scsgc l ecibbcvl q n` t prn`rlt.

Osl vlts gc elog vgzctucr ngckrcfgo, fuonlog blat t sagaog sl sg bgnahc ngrletl l tkhta e`fphutlrvl onrfhlt vltg fuonlt sauf saplht t ialt l e`fpbgeufl. ].sa p.sa sagadgk c . pr pls e`fphutlr n` thu nualo 3= ecibb`, dcr oue nuelt elt elq, p`r osl satòg lnaltrl e`fphutlr , n` t elog olv`h t bgnaog lnal 31 ecibb`! Fl rrgthlo l oufrgt t e`fphutlrvl,

ialt elq l f elq8 3= e`fphutlr ere`ho >< ecibb`, 9< e`fphutlr ere`ho :== ecibb`.


2/24

S t fuon t ngog sl sc ecibb` g olv`hgtlo `rkcogzcts such q t fuon tg bgnaog t khgtae`fphutlrt o et foyr, fuon t prn`rog bb`kcrgthlo sg o vczangf8 oufrg g e`fphutlrvl

(o) saufzòl fl (o-3), nal fc pcs oncol rlzubtctgo fl 9, rrlspletgvgsat.Oufrg g ecibb`vl t olv`hsafl 6o(o-3)/9Zg fuon t sagaog scsgc l ecibb`vl rrgtlt saplht. Osl oue nsagròg t acrkhò t tr iukhltgoo ecibb`, olv`hgtlt t khlog foyro f t prcoulsafl pr bgnahlo l oyhlvl o rrhltgo tuch.Zaufgjc l rrhltlv sadryzò ohro okc trl t`p`b`khgt dgzgel Wbb, fckhgstrcbl nal uocz.

3.^`p`b`khgc l prir(flsa)

3. O t`p`b`khgo l prir t khgta e`fhutlrt bgnalo ohrg fl thltrgo. Oufrg g ecibbcvl tolv`hsafl sat g fcna p`r lezgst`ho satgkhl rlnuncotl. Osl onòh e`fhutlr sato prgsahl g blhò t thlrt t vczan`ho, pcsg q ct` eco satgkhl cbtlroctgvl fl e`fhutlrt

l thlr

Dgk 1.>8 Flsa ^`p`b`ky

t`p`bgkhgt flsa prn`rlo o bgnahlt ergtgel t e`fphutlrvl A`st (foyr tgpgel l eschbgnahl hco jlotrcblt tlbldògel ). Zatgkhlt cbtlroctgvl blh`ho sljgbgo e`fphutlr tcvblrs`h(t` icbcojl) blxgfgo(b`cn) o sgstlflt l thlrc e`fphutlrgel nuel prn`rur fsauf sl oh satgkl t fuonsafl bgnasl (jòljtgò).


3/24

^`p`b`k h gc yb b^`p`b`khgc ybb, prn`r oh Aui qlonr`r o t jgbgo t khgtac e`fpòlolt hco t bgnaur. O ohrrhlt t e`fphutlrvl, aui qlonr`r sat e`fphutlrg qlonr`r(a`st e`fphutlr) nal o duon tsljgbs bgnahl sat tlrfgocbg. e`fphutlrg qlonr`r g erylo t khgtac prpuogflt nal duoesgòlt l

eòtr`bbgt. ^ khgtac pchgshlt pr qcshl hco t bgnaur ngrljt fl e`fphutlrgo qlonr`r. Yrhltlt lpcrc pr icrthl t t naocvl eco prn`rur t`p`b`khgo ybb. ]r et ngzcho oue egsatl crsylcstr`bb`khgelybbg dgt`g oh prpcrsg pr saect fuonsgs q t khgt e`fphutlrt t puo`ho o tohlhto eà. Hu preuht`hf sl ngtt l pcrc t e`fphutlrvl fcgodrcfl gsatl foyrc fsadrytzucr l e`fhutlrvl o rrhlt. Ohlrzgt fuonlsago t flrrogo god`rfcjgò okc fcgodrcflvltf prfls t ecrtlbcvl t plrdlrucrc, t jgbct gsago t duturc o fcgodrcfl, nal eco prgturprkhgkhhlo l tyrl.

3

Dgk ^`p`b`khgc dgzgel WBB

FC\

]`rtlt o ngspògfpr bgnahl t oyhlvl

t crnasafl

Zlrvlr

Dgk ^`p`b`khgc dgzgel WBB

FC\

]`rtlt o ngspògfpr bgnahl t oyhlvl

t crnasafl

Zlrvlr


4/24

O rcstgo f t fgr, tleo`b`khgc l rl ec pr`naucr tlrfgocbgo l rg g jgbg pcrcqlt foyrof t s`tgsdgeur pr erylrhlo l t ohlhts puo. Zljgbg tlrfgocb gsatl g bgnaur pr fcgodrlfp`scqrgsat nal pr ctl sl tlfgocbt oue p`slnògo duqgo l e`fphutlrvl5 eur eco ncsatgod`rfcjgò eco eòtcetucr fl fcgodrcfl. Khgtacsatu sat ncsaur t prlsgo o rrlsat nlrgsce`fphutlrg eryls`r t prkhgkhlt o pythlt l tyrl.

Osl t`p`b`khgc ybb sat oh pr`nuet g ngtvl t pcrc t e`fphutlrvl, psl sat prlzlotllnal o ngtt l s`tfl, eur tcogf tlrfgocbt l rgoh hco stcjgòl puouls gotlblkhlot0 Lezgst`hotrl crsylhl.

` Icrthl l tahlsat` Xkhgnahl l prìblfgt tahlsat`

Bgnahl l tahlsat

êu pt ucr gt l pr ì blf gt tau i-gt

Tlong qlonr`r l t`p`b`khgs ybb g tceò aui-gt , FC\(Fubtgstctgò cjjlss uogt), `sleòjlotrct`rgt. Zljgbc okc et` trl pchgshl sat o bècjgògo qlonr`r eu icsaeàlo t khgtacecibb`t t`p`b`khgs dgzgel ybb. Zljgbc oyhl l jgbc sat l bgnaur fl et` pchgshl fuon t e`fuoge`hfl t thlrct t jgbct hco khgtacsatu t bgnaurc. Eh` nal sat lnal okhchsafrg l etyrl trlpcgshlvl, p`r prsl ncbb`ho0

Aui

Dhcbc Aui (cok. I`sat) n.t.ta. rldlrgf o qlonr t rrltagt eu icsaeàlo t khgtac rrlzltfisatltsl nal rrlta s jgbs g khgta rrltag rr`tubbàlt. ]rc aui sat pchgshl g jgbc prlzlotòbècjgògo o jgbgo crrgho t khtac ecibb`t. Jgbgnc pchgshl l bgnaur o aui ec qcshl dgzgel o jgbgon` pchgshl thltr l jgbc sat l bgnaur fl auigo. Auig o rrhltlt ^èlo rgok flrr lfrgoFC\(Fubtgstcjgò Cjjls uogt). Auilt g tce`ho ohrs prlh ectlk`rgvl cetgv `sl pcsgvAuilt-pcsgvlpcrcqlsgo vlongo l jlotrcbgzucr eu tceàlo t khgtac ecib`t 5 `drò duoesgòltlblfotcrlAui-lt cetgvlpcrcqlsgo bècjgòlt l jlotrcbgzucrc eu t khgtac ecibb`t qonr`ho , ec satohrc prlh duoesgòlvl5 duoesgòg g nyt fuon t hlt cg cfpbgdgeuls ( l jgbc f s saplsatgprn`rlt) `sl rr`bg g irgnkhlvl(urzgfl) `sl rutlr-gt(`rhlotus-gt)

FC\ (Fubtgstctgò Cjjlss \ogt)

GIF o pr khgtasg g ooeuptò pr Aui-l pgergsat ohsgt FC\. ]rcc FC\ ec t ohltct sg auignal prn`rlt pr eòtr``bfl eòlet`rgo lGIF-gt Zaufgjc l ohsgvl FC\ hco cetgvl.


5/24

Eòjltrct`rt

Eòjltrct`rt hco erysgsat sg auilt cetgv. Eòjlotrct`rg sat oh eutg l fcnal fl sb`tl flsctcrgsat fuon tg elt nlrg 34 sb`tl .Osl nòg q eòjlotrct`rg t hlt sg Aui-g nualt tpn`rog ecrtlbc fl p`rtl >,1 `sl 34 p`rtl o t jgbct fuon t eyog fl e`fphutlr. Fuon tdutog p`rt ecrtlbo o sb`tgo =. ].ZA bl t talfg sl p`rt ecrtlbc g ec tlt p`rtlfuon t bgnaog 1

pchgshl o eòjltrct`r. Eh` n` t gsatl oh gostcbgf g fgr pr rrhlt t v`kb. ]rpcrsgc leòjltrct`rgt sat fuonsgc lsatgfgt p`rt ecrtlbcvl sgpcs erelss s rrhltcvl.Osl nòg lnaloh t`k t v`kb prlh 4 ohlrzvl satòg ecrtlb pr tlt p`rtl o sb`tgo 3

Zgeursl q rrgtlt rrhltc , nualt tg sgkuròg sarigfgo l kctwcy fcgodrlgf sgstlfgt. ]cprìblf , dutog ecrtlbo Kctlwcy o sb`tgo 9. tcog 34 sadrytzulsg l bgnaur o rrhlt (1 t bgnaur osb`tgo = nal 1 o sb`tgo 3) fuonlo prfls ecrtlbs Kctwly t crrgho tl sgstlfg flgodrlgf. Oslngstcojc onrfhlt oyhlvl sat prìblf , satòg ecrtlbo prsrgtsl , csatu q t khgtac pceltlt lrrhlts n` t prsrgtlo sgeur eur nal ecb`ho opr A\I . Osl olv`hct l huchc rrgtlo lnalfctuthl fuon t satòg ecrtlbc eòjltrct`r. Osl flonòg sl elog tlhecbu oufrgo l sbb`tlvlctalrl hlog kcigf. Lezgstò sb`tg spljgcb g rlzlrvucr pr ecrtlbo onrbgnasl jgbc fuonsòbgnaholo l ohrgt eòjlotrct`r fl thltrgo csatu q ct` sgbblo sg oh eòjtrct`r g fcna.

]r ncbbgf Aui-g , FC\ sl eòjltrct`rg , eòjtrct`rg sat f g satrlht p`r fuonsòdblesgigbgtlt f t fcna fl rcstgo l zkhlrgfgt t rrhlts.

^`p`b`khgc ybb-Tczangf

^l rrhltc fl t`p`b`khg ybb slrvlr csohalr oue kchbgtlt sl sg tc etalo god`fcjgògo tlrfgocbgt q gcec pcrcsatrucr pythlo. Zlrvlrg tahlsat , khlo p`rtgo l oyhs t jgbgo cg n` dutlt o bgnahl nal gcnrkò god`fcjgògo.

^`pb`khgc ybb sat l prsatcsafl pr rrhltct fl rlongthl p.sa pcrcflonòg ectre`fphutlr 8 fl trl stcjgòl puoulsl nal oh slrvlr . osl oh stcjgò puouls sat o ectgo lsgprf nal ny o ectgo l p`satf p`r o acpsgrc t oncrc , bgnahc l ecib`vl sat rlbctgvgsat l

tahlsat , osl oue nualt t ficog bb`kcrg fig bgnahlo onrfhlt vltg t oyhlvl nal osl fuong fli eòjlotrgfgo l stcjgòlvl puosl fl aui.Octyrgsat sl t`p`b`khgc ybb ec oh t fltprn`r sauf ecibb`. ^ elsa oh aui t

jlotrcbgzucr oue sat zkhgnahc fc l fgr pr ecibb` osl sagqòg fgfgo l ecibbcvl nal elogoyhl t jgbt hco t cdrtc fuon tc flrog o eòsgnlrgf t`p`b`khgo fckhgstcbl.

Trlthl8 o prcetge tlrfgflt l q u prflono saplsa prn`rlo ohrg o vlon tthltrgt. ].sa sauf ohlrz sadrytz`ho tlrfgo Aui eur flon`ho o eòjltrct`r. Opcrckrcdltlt l f sgprfl nacf nldgogjgòlt l sg nualt, p`r ngeusa okc hu fuon tflon`s sl etc nldgogjgòl hcokcigf, pr saece sl elog nkhucr sl o gonustrgprn`rlo tlflt q hco tl tlhecbucrc nal saplsa h` t scetc.f tuthl, f`s g aunaog eurblxòg onòh crtgeubb `sl ectcb`k nal sagaog eòjltrct`r fl tlt p`rtl pc acpsgro prpr tg satucr ecrtlb satls. O phlso o vczangf n` t sphlk`hf tlrgfgo f saplsat rn`rur aui, vblo nal r t trl fuonsgt.


6/24

Xkhgnahc l prìblflvl o t`p`b`khgo ybb

Oh pcrpcrsg thltr l t`p`b`khgs ybb sat zkhgnahc l prìblfgt fl blatsg. Zg nal n` t oh`dtògfl t`p`b`khgo fckhgstrcbl osl ngec oue duoesgò n` t elog pce f prìblf tc bècbgzòg pceregfgo oyh pr oyh . Etu osl oh oyhl oue duooesgòò prìblf g satrgalt fl khcsonrfhlt p`rtgt t auigt nal oyhs nualt t t eòtr`bòg sl c on`nalt prìblfg8

O vlt tlrfgocbgo O ecib onrfhlt tlrfgocbgt nal auigt O p`rtgo l auigt g jgbg l sarilo tlrfgocbgo prìblfctge.

Zpcrg , eòtr`bbàlt sl OGJ (oltw`re gotlrdcjl jcrn) c sat l eòdgkurcucr sg nualt vtltàlfgsl oue ec eòdbgetl o rcstlt l cnrlscvl G/@ ,GYS `sl ecocbgt NFC p`sc esch fuon t ihftlstgo l euhtls o stcjgògo puouls (p.a Jaljegt ]r` okc ^ùjastòl Z`dtwcrg) , sg nal satlstlstgfg g acrn nrgvl (p.sa ZpgoYgtl okc Kgisò rlslcrja-g)

Osl csoh oyhl l rrhlts oue duoesgòò , prìblfg fl khcs n` t hlt g bgnaur fl slrvlr-saprls`hf sl elfg pbcogdgeucr t`blrgfgo l kcigflvl nal elfg ir icjeup-go.

Eòdgkurcjgòg ybb g ec ny eudgzgfl eryls`rl. L pcrc pchgshlt o bcrksg oue eco

fuonsg t e`fuoge`ho ngrljt onrfhlt vltg, p`r nualt t e`fuoge`ho plrfs e`fphutlrgtqlonr`r. Nal l nytc rrhltct ybb hco sauf t onglsafl o kcigfl, `dsago ct` o e`fphutlrgoqlonr`r cp` o bgohct e`fuogeusl. Eòtr`bbg ficalt fl tagrrhlo fl lfrc (p`bbgok) t t khgtacvlpchgshl pr qcshl.

^`p`b`k h gc Fckh gstrcbl

t`p`b`khgc fckhgstrcbl, l ohàur o i`to l Fcj f sauf tlrgf l prsaerucr t zgokhgrgfgt(ncgsy

jacgogok), sauf f blat t bgnalt fl ecibb`, sl t`p`b`khgc Wbb.

O t`p`b`khggo fckhgstrcbl ecibb`t satrgalo okc e`fhutlrg o e`fphutlr nuel l ir q sljgbge`fphutlr t bgnalt o zgokhgr . t`p`b`khgc fckhgstrcbl fuon t rlcbgzàlt o trl foyrc.Ltalrolt sat salfiubbg f g oh aur g t`p`b`khgs b`khgel fckhgstrcbl, lnal psl sadrytzòtagjeoltecilbb eècsgcb g trcsa ((3=Icsl


7/24

O coo thltr,âgolt flrl gnlho l iusatgt eurrgz`r nal bgna t khgta pchgshlt l rrhltgtngrljt. O vlon t prn`rgfgt t ecibbgt t trcsa, tagoolt prn`r ecibb e`cesgcb dblesgigb, sg sattrlkucr o dgk. âgoolt sat ir t`p`b`khg l rrhltg t p`pubbcrgzucr, okc e`phc l sch l trcsa, pr t

vltfo crsylhlpuoc fl ecibbgo l trcsa o âjeolt sat l rlon, rrlspletgvgsat , sauf g d`rtlnal h` dblesgigb.

]rìblfg p`tlojgcb f g fcna o t`p`b`khgo fckhgstrcbl sat sl ecsch nualt fl gbchfru sl eur nualt tV pusa`h s puoucrg. Osl oue l elog onrprl rrhltgo, ch` oue fuon t ioicrthl, lnal osl vltf oh oyhl elq duoesgòò, pcsg sgstlfg vcrlt okc sljgbc oyhl l jgbc on`nalt

o rrcnao puoulsl t pcrcsaerucr(prjcetucr-rrlkucbbucr), esau q fuon t nrk`h t naoc.

Trlog ncbbgfgo fl rlonsg onrfhlt oyhs l jgbc elqduoesgòò nal oyhs q oue puoò.Osl oyhc sat hcsat duoesgògt, t naoct ecb`ho opr eòlet`rgo ^ nlrg tle oyhc thltr cjtgvl.O et rcst, rrhltg oue fico bb`kcrg oyhlvl t pc cetgvgzcucrc. Zg n` q t hlt, opsl oyhc sato duoesgò, `sl cjtgvl, `sl elqduoesgòò, saecetàlt prìbelfg. Oyhc cjtgvl lnal f tuthlprpgqlt t nrk`h pcelt, p`r et n` tc ih kcigf, ec n` tc okcncbsch tr rrhltgo, `sl nal tcsapgl nlrg tl oncbhc.

^`p`b`khgc fckhgstrcbl ec oh prpcrsg t fcnal o ercacsgf fl t`p`b`khgo ybb. Ylcbgzgf f gtahlsat eur sat dhcbc pr bgnahl t ecibb`vl, nal f et fuon t eurslogu nal pcrc. O coo

thltr, fuon t hlt l rlon pr gfpblflotgf, osl rrhltc oue sat l vlon`sur o oh bgoh. Zgq nalelfg saqyrtucr o ecpgtubbgo fig t`p`b`khgo ybbg, osl rrhltc o foyr crigtrcrl satrgalt opronrtls, ctalrl bgnahc fl ecibb` t sljgbs oyhl fl aui sat sauf l tahlssat, sl t tlotàlt tbgnalt prphlehc l bgnahls t khgtac oyhlvl onrfhlt vltg.

Lnal oh fgous g fcna g t`p`b`khgs fckhgstrcbl sat foyrc l zkhlnahls s prìblfgt.Osl oh oyhl oue duoesgòò, rrhltg oue fuon t icrt flscza nal ch` vrtlt oue puoò. Eydcjt`r oue l io vltf rrhltgo l onglsaf o rcfhl( preuht`hf sl lvltfhc foyr l tr rrhltg

Dg 8 Eòdg urcjgòg agoolt


8/24

g tgpgt ybb sat q slrvlr `sl Aui t pusa`ho s duoesgòucrg), p`r io q lnal prìblfg vsatgrt zkhgnalt. ]r qbbgf t ziubgfgt t prìblfgt o rrhltlt l tgpgt fckhgstrcbl, olv`hgtlt saqyrtucrsljgbo oyhl o slkflot, q t vrtltàlog sl ecibb`t hco sgkurt t d`rjucr, q csoh oyhl oueereu t rlstcràlt, `sl t b`kò eur sgohcbg t ecb`h opr oyhl, `sl t khgtac oufrct nal prirst thlr hco o rrlkubb.

^`p`b`k h g t b`kh gel

^`p`b`khgc b`khgel( zceògsat flonàlt o t`p`b`khgo lbletrgel) prsaeruco rruko opr t jgborrhltg icrt god`rfcjgògo okc oh oyhl nlrg tle oyhc thltr- onrysal okc t`p`b`khgc dgzgel, l jgbcpcrcqlt pcfhlo l rrhltgt. Eh` qcshl oue sat tl`rg l pcstr5 rrukc t jgbo nsagròg q rrhltg ticrt god`rfcjgògo fuon ngrlet t nget`h o zkhlnahlo l huch eur t vgl nlrg tl onrduthl lecrtlbcvl OGJ nal bgnahc fl ecibb`.

Euht`hf sl t`p`b`khgc dgzgel oue ec prercahl ngrletl t t`p`b`khgs b`khgel. Fuo n elogfckhgtrcbl dgzgel nal uocz b`khgel, ybb dgzge nal fckhgstrcb dgzgel lth.

Foyrc F l fgr tc gfckhgoòg t`p`b`khgo b`khgel sat fl co t cocb`khgvl. Osl elognèuflot fl >== dcql g jgbg sat g nltyrulsaf t nrkàlt tr vlong khct octs, fl khcs qn` tc nrkògf prfls Dlnlrcb Lxprls-gt. O pr`jlsgo l nrkgfgt nualt t prn`rog e`vlrtctDlnLx, eur t cnrlsòg pceltgo DlnLx nualt t saloòg cnrlso l nrkusgt, cnrlso l nlstgocjgògtnal nèuflotgo.

Yrhltgt t huch g nualo t ohlhtct icsaesg t god`rfcjgòl8 cnrlsc iurgf, cnrlsc jce(nlstgocjgò) nal t naoct. ^ khgtac et` god`rfcjgòl l priho pceltgo. ^`p`b`khgc b`khgelnualt t t prjcet`h sl sg ey pcelt t nrkàlt khct tr rrhltgt. Ey pr`jls ialt o trl acpc8

3. t`p`b`khgc b`khgel prjcetò d`rfctgo l pceltgt , ohlhht sg DlnLx l ec t pcrcrlkubbucrd`fctgo l cnrlss.

9. t`p`b`khgc b`khgel prjcetò scsgo l t naocvl t jgbo pceltg prfico, sg DlnLx blhòvltf 9= dcql t fuon t nrkàlo o oh zcrd.:. t`p`b`khgc b`khgel prjcetò foyro l prjhlbbhls s pceltgt opr rrhlt.

]r ncbbgf okc pr`jlsg acpg :, ngsc t`p`b`khg b`khgel dcrl oue l prjhlbbgo pceltgo- tahlsatsaplrls`ho o f t fgro. ^`p`b`khgt l thlrc l prjhlbbgo pceltgo khct tr rruks s tgh.

^`p`b`k h gc fckh gstrcbl

Zg nal sat prflonl f alrt, fl khcs, salfiubbg f g ohàur g rrhltgt b`khge t tgpgtfckhgstrcbl- eh` sat tgpg BCO f g p`pubbcrgzucr. Ltalrolt ssat tgpg f g p`pubbcrgzucr gt`p`b`khgs b`khgel fckhgstrcbl, p`r sg nal saplht n` t sagaog, oue sat khgtafò t`p`b`khgcdgzgel fckhgstrcbl ( eh` erlht iueur tgokbbò, p`r eòjlptg oue sat blat t euptàlt)

Zg duoesgòò t`p`b`khgc fckhgstrcbl0 âhlsat, sljgbo alr eur oyhc o rrhlt ec t

naoc pr oyhlt thltr,cg nrkò sgohcbl tr rrhltgt. Oyhlt l onrysafl nkh`ho sgohcbgo nalvrtlt`ho sl c sat nrkucr l naoc tyrl. Osl p`, ctc l fcrrgo. Osl h` l nrk`ho f tuthl,prnlrgsc t f`s crrgo o nlstgocjgògo l tgh.

Eur o rrhlt ngec e`fuogeàlt t khgta l onkh`ho. Eh` sat ngec sg tl bgohct lvhltrc tlbldògel, tle t jgbt ngsc dqgoh icsaeocncho oh oufr tlbldòge. Jgokrrgf l vlcot uoncalotl sgjgbgt plrsò o bgoh, esatu q sljgbg ec fuon t prkhgkhlt o tagrrhlo l tgh. Oslsgohcbg g huch gsatl t talfg, trl sgohcb zco`r t saeurt, nal elog nkhucr sl tlbldòg ec jgonrucrtrlalr saeurt, elog fuonr sl tagrrhc sat pr hu. Onrysal okc eh` osl elog nkhur ny sgohcbl


9/24

zo`rl t khctc nal oh t saeurt, elog ngtur sl tagrrhc sat pr dqguo l huch Tbbc. ]r n` rcst, tkhgta nkh`ho zgblo, p`r vltf oh plrsò bchfràlt- cg g jgbg gu sat nlngeucr tagrrhc.

^`p`b`khgc fckhgstrcbl puoò o t ohlhto foyr. Zljgbc ecrtlb ltalrolt, ec cnrlsouogel >1 igtc nal sljgbc phls l t naocvl l jgbc icrtlt sat l prjcetucr fl cnrlso l ecrtlbso oyhl q nualt prcoucr t naoo. ^ khgta oyhlt o rrhlt fuon fuon t saàgo t naoo,

p`r, osl oue sat cnrlsucr tyrl, ct` l goh`r`ho nal l nrk`ho f tuthl, prnlrgsc t f`s crrghnlstgocjgògo l vrtlt( p`r, rrhltlt duoesgò`ho f fgr sl bgohct l vhltrc o foyro sg ovczangf-fcegoc l dqgut tò oue fuon t prkh`h t naoct t jgbct oue hu nlngeàlo ctgh).S tcog ngog sl sg t naoct khlho nlstgocjgògo l tyrl o rrhlt, p`r sg e`fphutlrt l bgnaur orrhlt nrk`ho t naoc o dgbbgf0 O rrhltgo l tgpgt fckhgstrcbl sljgbg stcjgò puouls fuon tnrk`h t naoc o d`rf t pceltgt. ^ naoct t jgbct icrtlo o rrhltgo l jgbgn` tgp nualt t hloo pchtusafrg fl d`rfct t jcetucr, fl lfrgo d`rfctg g drcfl-gt Nctc Bgoe Bcylr t jgbgo cg tgp grrhltgt prn`r pr sgstlfgf(`rkcogzgf) t naocvl d`rfctg Ltalrolt nuelt sg o dgk.

dgk prirhc l d`rfctgt nctc bgoe bcylrsljgbg pccelt oue kuzò t hlt f g khct sl sl 3


10/24

sgprf g irlzgt t oufrgt t rcstgt pr n` alr nydgsaàlt prnlrgsc oyhc C nal I zkhlnago t f`szkhlnago oufrc t onrysaf nal nal t nrk`ho god`rfcjgògo, `sl prnlrgsc t f`s vglho nlrgtle tlotgfg g 34 nal prduon`ho fl tlotgfgo. Zacosct hco p`tauchsl t fnac q nyhc oyhlt tgnrk`ho t naoct l tyrl o ohrgo okc 34 tlotgflt. Tòlsc fuon t hlt l rrgtur pr khysfsleòng, ec pr rrhltgo q icrt t naoc 3= fgbgò i/s o vghgf. Yrhltc l tgpgt fckhgstrcbl rrcbb

ereò ecq tlotgfl.Zc t`blràlo e`blzgòlt0 ^ elsa ecibb g jgb ssat f g khct sl nualt t zv`kb`hsacosct pr bchfrgf t e`blzgògt, pcsg oyhlt f blat nkh`ho oyhlt l thlrc, p`r foyrc

b`khgec o t jgbo t`p`khgc fckhgstrcbl duoesgòò rrgt fuonsgo l bchfrgfgt t e`blzgògt tpceltlvl. Eòebuzgò8 osl oyhc oue sat l eyur prnlrgsc rrhltc oue sat l qcssafl nal fsauf sl oh oyhl p`slnò god`rfcjjgò pr nrkgf, dcr on`na eyr bgohc t bgràlt, t nyhcoyhlt n` t tlot`ho q t hlo t pcrc nal t nrk`ho god`rfcjgò nal rrlzubbtctg n` t hlte`blzgòg.

Ficog flon g tr pr`jlsg on`na o OGJ Ltalrolt, pr et, osl prn`rog t`p`b`khgoLtalrolt, t khgtac oyhlt nualt tc elo ltalrolt ecrtlbo. Ltalrolt fuon valt o vlprgf prflsfckhgstrcbls dgzgel, ybbgt dgzge, nal uozcs dgzgel.

Ltalrolt oue sat g vltfg salfiubb g t`p`b`khgs fckhgstrcbl p`r f sauf prn`rlt. Zsaplhtg o trlkuo l C^&^ n` t bchfràlt vlrzgòg g Ltalroltgt fl lfrgo Ztcr/BCO, l jjgbcsgkurò saplhtsgo l icrthls l jgbc fctlt Flkcigtprsleòn(Fips). ZtcrBCO sat rrhlt3=Fips , p`r lnal f tuthl n` t sagaog gostcbgfgo q prn`r vlrzgòg g vhltr ZtcrBCO.Icsaesgo l rrhltlvl t thlrc q g okhcho Ltalrolt l priho CrtZ`dt`v, BCOtcstgj, salfiubb gohàur sat rrhltg B`jcb^cbe/Cpbl ^cbe l onrtucr tle e`fphutlrt Fcjgot`sa. B`jcb ^cbe icrtvltf 9Fips, p`r o

vgtgo 3717 rlcbgzò vlrsgògo 34Fips. Lnal rrhltlt l thlrc tèlo rgok hco t vblsafl p`r ouehco t ohàurc sg GIF, phlsrgsat pr saece sl f vò hco bchfrucr o trlk. Ercacs etyrl nale`fpcog t thlrc onrt`ho sgstlflt l vltc tèlo rgok eu o et rcst vlon`sgo sl c t prco`horrlkubbct l Zlrnliib`fgt. Nlrg f tcog ce`fc p` ialt budt pr et.

Lnal psl rrhltg tèlo rgok ec t`p`b`khgo b`khgel uocz, eh` sadrytzò sgstlfgo l bgnahlsybb, sg nal ltalrolt 3=icsl^ t`p`b`khgo l tgh dgzgel. O vlon t Aui-lvl tèlo rgok sadrytzòpchgshlt t ohàur sg eòjltrct`r, `sl FC\ (Fubtgstctgò Cjjlss uogt) ec sat sphlkur oecpgtubgo l ecbucr. F`s blhòg q thu aut`h ey FC\, g jgbg ncbbò okc flngc cttcjaflot uogtcLtalrolt cncptlrgt- ey sat oh trcosgvlr g jgbg eylt o C\G(cttcjaflot \ogt Gotlrdcjl) p`rt.

^èlo rgok pbbcec eylt o FC\ fl ongafo l N-salbb tgp g eòlet`rgt o oh co naleòlet`rgt GIF o coo thltr. Eòlet`rg ^èlo rgok dutlt o FC\, tlt ]J fuon t eylo oFC\, nal f pcs ohsgc l FC\ eylt o oh FC\ thltr. ^èlo rgok oue p`sln`hotlrfgoct`r- o vlon t tyrl, ohrg sech g ecibbgt ecplt pr pbbceo, onrsc thltrg o FC\.Zg l elog puoucr rrhltgo 3=Icsl^ fl ongafo l Aui-vl, rrhltgo l huch ^èlo Ygok fuonlog fs blatg tc onrtòg csatu q ecibb`t t satrgalo okc satpgzc fltcbgel qlonr`rl( vlon eu hco tvlon`sur t khgtac ecibb`t) o sljgbgo ect nlrg tl stcjgòlt puoulsl o stcjgòlt puoulsl o ctect nal FC\ saeò o satpgzo fltcbgel.


11/24

Hu euhtàlt sl sgstlfg prcoulsn`rzuls Ltalrolt, oh stcjgò dcr ta`t t khgtac t thlrct lnkh`ho. ]`r ^èlo Ygok oue duoesgòò o et foyr- sljgbg stcjgò nuact tc prsrgs ct ql nkhò okc cph` pcrcprcel, nuel erghucr oh bb`h irgkcnl t t naocvl

zlfrc l t`p`b`khgs ^èlo Ygok sat pceltg ^èlo. S t pcrconcbàlt e`blzgòg g

pceltlvl t`p`b`khgt tèlo prvlts`ho sl vltf oh stcjgò puol fuon t nrk`h god`rfcjgò

prkhct rrhltgt o oh cst t nao eà`r. Flt`nc l jgbc prn`rlt q t prcoàlt vltf ohtrcosfgsgò sat pceltg ^èlo `sl fisatltsg d`bs. Tltf oh oyhl l jgbc ec eòtr`bbgo figpceltgo ^èlo fuon t nrk`h god`rfcjgò opr rrhlt.

Zg tèlo bvgz opr rrhlt0 Eur stcjgòg puouls prpuoò tèlo ch` l nrkò stcjgògtthltr sgpcs rcnas o bgoh. Osl csohrc oue l iblo(pèupg) tèlo, stcjgòg puouls srgsa lnrkò. Osl csohrc oue prkhgkhlt o ^èlo lnal alrs s nyt, stcjgòg puouls nrkò prkhcttr rrhltgt pythl khlolrcbl, g ohàur sg buthl pr trcsakgf t drcfl (s`bgjgt sujjlss`r drcfl), nuelpcrcsatrucr pylthl8 eusa nualt t hlt q tc flrr tèlo-go. Osl stcjgòg puouls prkhgkhlt,nuel nrkucr cnrlso l stcjgògt puouls tèlog nrkàlt. ]rcrsylhl sl oue ec oyhl t vlcot gjgbg fuon t io trcosfltgf f t khct sl q hu nualt pr phls t naocvl q t io oh rrltat pb`t o rrhlt, csoh oue n` t prls f sauf sl oh rrlta prnlrgsc tc elt rcstgo pr icrthl.

]r ncbbgf prlh Ltalroltgt, eu e`blzgòlt fuon t pcfuons`ho sauf oyhlt l thlrc q icrthlt tfilsgo o rrhlt. ^èlo Ygok dut fuonsgo q sljgbc t vhlo o rlon.Dcetg sl o rrhltlt ltalrolt nal ^èlo Ygok , prsrgthlt onge`ho o bb`hgo l ecibbgt t jgbgo

sljgbc t`p`b`khg l rrhltgt prn`r. Bgohct `ptgel oue hco sauf t prsatctsafl pr icrthl, p`rduoesgò`ho fgr o e`fuogegflt prlh pgel o pge. Ylzubtctg sat sl ^èlo Ygok hco f tprsatctsafl pr prn`rgf t ecibgt `ptge sl Ltalrolt, osl oue prn`rog onòh eòdgkurcjgò tWbbgt, sg nal Ltalrolt 3=Icsl^. ^èlo Ygok sat g ngzchoucr pr prercahl t mecibb`vl p`r f ssaplsatg sadrytzàlo GIF ^gp3, GIF^gp9 nal GIF ^gp:,

Eu sat eudgrg g p`satf g ^èlo Ygok0 sat f g satrlht sl Ltalrolt, p`r ec nltletgf ts`dgstgeucr t prìblfgt nal cpcrctur pr onrlqhl sl Ltalrolt ( eh` ec n.f.tacohlo sl t p`b`khgc^èlo Ygok sat t`p`b`khg o t jgbo blat zkhgnalo prìblflt).

]r rrhltl f t fnac, okcohalr ^èlo Ygok sat zkhlnahl f l fgr. ^le saufgjc lstcjgòlvl t jgbt g elog, onsl onòhrg prlh turl duoesgòò nìt, sauf f blat sat tzkhlnaog prìblfgo osl sat dhcbc pr ^èlo Ygok (`sl rrhltgo q ec zkhgnahlo l prìblfgt tvlt), sl sc t zkhgnaog prìblfgo osl sat dhcbc pr rrhltgo l tgpgt fckhgstrcbl. Yrhltg tèlo rgokkhgtafò ec qlo f l saplht sl rrhltg Ltalrolt. Okc etu osl nualt t vlon`sog o saplhtsgo lqcshls, zkhlnaog ^`p`b`khgo ^èlo Ygok, lnal psl sat f l satrlohtc. ]cs pcrcqgthls st`p`b`khgs Ltalrolt 3==Icsl^ vlongfg sat o zkhlnahlo l Ltalrolt.

Eur f ck hgs tr cbh c oue sa tvltf fck hgs trcbl

S vrtlt t euptòg sl sg rrhltg fuon t sadrytzò oh t`p`b`khg dgzgel nal oh t`p`b`khg b`khgelthltr, n` tc vzak`hf 3=Icsl^, bb`h g rrhltgt Ltalrolt l jgbc ec t`p`b`khgo b`khgel fckhgstrcblnal t`p`b`khgo dgel Wbb. O dgk sat trlkucr sg sat l bgnaur rrhltg 3=Icsl^.

3=icsl^ nuelt sg icsaesg l ybblvl t bgnaur o fckhgstrcb. Eh` lnal f tuthl sgbblt sgeurgsatl fckhgstrcbl-q duoesgòòt sg rrhlt, p`r sat l bgnaur fl ecibb`t o d`rf t ybbgt, nuelsadrytzulr gdtlt l prnrlnaurc t pc fir`htur (\^]). ]r et crsylhl, eh` rrhlt satfckhgstrcbl b`khgel p`r dgzgel Wbb. ]r sl 3=Icsl^ sadrytzò et qcshl t ybbvl t bgnaur0 Fuon


12/24

t nuelt h` l b`khgesafl, pcsg rrhltg g tgpgt ybb prdcsago f sauf ecibbc sl ch` fckhgstrcbl naloue nualt t hlt rle`fcongf g selfs okc pgepcfhc l fgfgt t bgnahls

p`r eh` qcshl l ybbvl t bgnaur ec prpcrfgo eryls`rl8g tahlsat fl rcstgo l zkhlnahls sprìblfgt. Zup`z`hf sl vlon`sog rrhltgo o sauf ectl. O sljgbgo ect prn`rog eutgo fltcbgel,f pcs satrgog ecibb`t (spljgdgecjgòg 3=Icsl^ eudgzò khctsgo l sljgbgt ecibbbb o 3== fltrc)

okc eutgc fltcbgel nlrg tle sljgbg stcjgò puol o ct ect.

^hltr, bgnaog eutgt fltcbgel t sljgbgt ect fl eutgo fltcbgel t ectgt thltr fl ongafo lecibb`vl. ^cog elog ybbt l bgnaur t rrhltgt t tgpgt ybb o sljgbgo ect nal ctl fckhgstrcbl q bgnaectlt. Ecibbg g jgbg prn`rlt pr bgnahlo l Aui-gt fl aui-go thltr , o prkhgtasg selbltg. ^lrfgselblt prsaeruco eòjlptgo, o vlon t tgplvl oh okc oh t ecibbcvl. Khgtafò nsagròg tvrtltàlog sl ecibbgo q l prn`rog sg selblt sat fcsc l saplhtsgs, p`r tc tlhecbòg saplhtsgol ecibbgt t jgbgo l prn`rog opr rrhlt( okc auig nlrg tle oyhc). Tblrc l t khgtac etyrl ecibbcvlsatls sat o gostruflotlt pr tlstgf o satpgzo fltcbgel. Eur ngeusa coeàlt sl stcjgòg g tghoue puoò f o rrhlt fuon t acp eutgo fltcbgel nal t tlstò ecibbgo l nuaur. ^ khgtaecibb`t hco t rrcnagtur fl sgfi`bl t qcrtc sl eu saeò ecibbg, o jgbgo stcjgò puol.

Irlonc sljgbs satpgz fltcbgel sat Aui-g 3=Icsl^, pchgshl q g fuonsò t khgtae`fphutlrvl o ect t sgbblo sg rrhlt Ltalrolt. Ey aui sat g bgnaur fl auigo thltr- csatu qhco t khgta auilt t bgnaur fl e`fphutlrt o rrhlt. Fuon t tlstòg Aui-go, csatu q flrroge`fphutlr p`rtcibb, l eyog o Aui nal prpgquog t iog eòlesgò o rrhlt. Ngsc Aui-l ( tohàur sg aui sfcrt) eco nal duoesgòlt l ngcko`stgdgegfg. Etc vzak`ho scsgo nal tgpgo lgod`rfcjgògt, nuel u prsatctur e`fphutlrgt ebglot nal nltlet`ho kcigflt o e`fphutlrt orrhlt. ]`s esch, fuon tc pckucog s`dtulrgo g jgbg n` t fuonsò t vzakòg auilt okc bcecjgò

Aui

Aui

Aui

Dgk8 3=icsl^- eòdgkurgfg ybb


13/24

qlonr`r. ].sa elfg tao sl o BCO vltf oh pchgshl fuon t dblt o oh cst t jcetucr.Onòh tgp g jcetucr g kcigfgt acrnulrgel nlrg tl prkhgfg pceudg t oh e`fphutlrg, fl ecelfg nal ibbègfgo l rrhltgt, fgr auilt Zfcrt nltlet`ho et kcigf nal eygo okc rrhltge`fphutlrgo q elq duoesgòò.

Octyrgsat, qcshc l ybbgt tle 3= Icsl^ n` t tahlsatò et acp t nlickgfgt, igbl nal osl

oue elog Aui sfcrt5 fuon t bgnaog e`fphutlrgo p`rtcibb o Aui nal t prpgqlog t sadrytzògrrhltgo. Osl rrhltg sat g oxco prsaece t prkhgfgt t e`fphutlrgt, eyog oh e`fphutlr prlhaui-gt nal prpgquog prsrg. N` thu nualt vltf oh fgout `sl ny tg tlstòg t khgtac bgnahlt lhuchc, q t khlog e`fphutlrgo q ibbèò rrhltgo.

GLLL pr`tè` b blt l t`p`b`kh gvl

GLLL (gostgtut d`r lbljtrgjcb con Lbljtrògjs Lokgollrs) o vgtgo 371= sat prphleur tgpcrcflonò t khgtac eòdbgetlt stconcrnl, pr`tè`bblt nal flt`nct l pr`naulsvl pr bgnahlo lecibb`vl nal t`p`b`khgt b`khgel. Bgstc l jgbc n` t pcsò nualt tg saphlkò ngsc ecrcetlrgstgec tetyrl stconcrnlvl nal foyro sg e`fgsgòg GLLL ec erylr puoo l sch ( ngsc okc et`god`rfcjgòl bchfràlo lnal opr vlonl t thlrc o et tlest)

Ztconcrn g 1=9.:

Eur sat tceucr e`fgsgòg GLLL 1==9.: stconcrnlt Ltalrolt gsago t prcoucrc o dusao leòdgkurgfgt t bgnahls s ecibb`vl, nuel gu dcblflonlrucr zictgfgt o gonustrg. Ey e`fgsgò eccrrgtur q t khgtac t`p`b`khgt l rrhltvl t rlhc strget t onhlego Ltalrolt, nuel hu trlkucr Qlr`x nalNLJ nuel hu tao8 achnl t ncbgf fl stconcrngo t okhchsaf fl Ltalrolt nal bgon stconcrng1=9.:. Ey prdsago spljgdgegf l Ltalroltgt vhltr, nal io onrysagfl o strueturo icz tpceltgt t t naocvl.

Lnal psl t khgtac tgplt l rrhltlvl Ltalrolt prn`rgo stconcrngo 1=9.:, 3= Icsl9, l jgbcsadrytzò t`p`b`khgo b`khgel nal dgzgel fckhgstrcbl, sat f sauf prlzlotl. Eh` prn`r ecibbgoe`cesgcb 4 3 ic tc

]hlsc

ayrsl

1 ic tc


14/24

tgp g god`rfcjgògt. Osl tgpg g t naocvl oue sat o bgst, eh` dusa n` t prfich khctsgo lpceltgt.

Ey tgp g god`rfcjgògt sat g ronsgs ey o pr`jlsgo l nrkgfgt, pcsg sctjgòltprcoulsl oue fuon t eupt`ho igtfcpl osl prlsgo tlest (`sl ngec thltr).

^ naoct l vrtltc (cetucb nctc) t naoct q fuon t hlo t khctsgs prlh >4-3


15/24

l etgh pceltg. Osl f sauf sl oh stcjgò puouls prpgqlt q t eylt o t ohlhhto eà,vhlo nlrg tl e`blzgòg g pceltlvl. Icrthc n` t onrerlalt nal stcjgòlt puousl srgsa n` ttlot`ho q srgsa t trcosflt`ho.

JZFC/JN `drò fuonsg t rlnuegfgt t e`blzgògt t pceltgt. ]crc trcosfltgfgt, cgnrkò sgohcbgo Jcrrglr slosgok , q t saà sl c prn`r jgbg n` q`dt stcjgò puol o et cst

rrhltgo. Osl oue prn`rgo, ey g nrlhtò bchfgo stcjgògt puouls sl khgtaec sat pcstr nal eh`trcosfltò pceltgo. Lnal osl f pcs sgohcbg Jcrrglr slosgok ( sg sat trlkucr o dgk) ziubòsl onòh stcjgò puol io trcosfltgf o cstgo tlstgfgt, JZFC/JN g bchfrò stcjgògt puoulsq t prlt.

]rnlrsc trcdgeu o rrhlt t f`s ialt g nlonur nal ecibb`t l BCO-gt oue hco f t khctc sl qnualt t hlo o acrfòg(o pchtgf) fl saplhtsgo, ey pr`jls fgr duoesgò. O t euonrto,e`bgzgòlt on`nago pc fcrr pcrcsysa prlzlojo l JZFC/JN.

JZFC/JN oue sat foyrc q t igonlfg sl vltf oh stcjgò puol o cstgo eòerltt trcosflt`ho t naoc- eh` oue foyr q t igonlfg q t khgtac stcjgòlt puoulsl t f`ssadcqlo pcrc trcosfltgfgt t ohrs prlh tyrl.

Osl on`na q ny stcjgòl puoulsl tc dgbb`ho trcosfltgfgo o t ohhto eà,JZFC/JN oue fuonlt cskh t ih pr pcrconcbgfgo l e`blzgògt. Osl vhlo nlrg tle e`blzgòg gny pceltlvl, JZFC/JN n` t prpgpgqlt tc pcrconcb`h prsrgthlo l tyrl (dgk). Zg nal f alrtelfg ngseutucr, sljgbg stcjgò puouls zkhlna pcrc trcosfltgfgt t srgsaf oufrgo l rcstgtonrfhlt 3 nal 9, osl stcjgòlt puoulsl zkhlnago t ohhtgo oufr, sljgbg zkhlna zkhlnahl trcstsgsafl t oufrgt onrfhlt 3 nal > nal prpgqlt prsrg. Eh` pr`jlnur prsrgtlt, prnlrgsct f`s ialt trcosfltgf g sueslssaf g t naocvl t t nyhcvl stcjgòl puoulsl. Osl sattlotgfg g 34 g pc sueslssaf, t nyhc stcjgòlt puoulsl nualt t pcuz`ho nal tu hcpgo rcstgostcjgòlvl puoulsl pr trcosfltgf.

0

C dblt ngeusace`fc o rrhlt0

Zgohcbg Jcrrglr slosgok

!

]rgt, ngeusace`fc p`

trcosfltò

Zgohcbg Jcrrglr slosgok

Dgk()-Zgohcbg Jcrrglr-slosgok o nltyr

Fo rc o t jgbo JZFC/JN crconcb` o e`blzgògo


16/24

Zaeurt, JZFC/JN oue fuon t pcrconcb`h t khgtac e`bgzgòlt, p`r prpgqlt t fgogfgzò eàol jgbc hu fgrrlt rrhlts.]r`tè`bg Ltalrolt g jgbc ec ltgelto 1=9.9 sat vcrcjgòg o et tlf. Ohlrzgt l prn`rgo 1=9.9erylsgsat o fhlngsgo O`vlbb. Zg n` q t hlt, 1=9.: sat pròcr g pr`tè`bbgt G]Q q l ec

Ny pceltc , t jgbt oue eco nkhucr ohrg thltrgo, dgbb`ho t trcosflt`ho opr rrhlt

]celt ]celt

E`blzgòg g ]celtgt

Oyhc l jgbc sat f cdr vlongt t e`blzgògt ziubuo e`blzgògo(prpbcshlo) nal nrkòsgohcbgo pr oncbhl, nuel saloucr tl t khgtac oyhlt q fuon t vglho nlrg tl e`blzgòg

]rgt,prgt

]rgt,prgt

]rgt,prgt

]rgt,prgt

Zljgbc oyhl o rrhlt prlt oufrgo l rcstgt fgbgsleònc pcrc sl t prsrgs trcosfltgfgo,fl saprls sl f oue g nualt l ohhtc plrg`n q srgsat t nrkò pceltl.

Dgk8 Foyrc t jgbo JFZC/JN pcrconcbò prsrgthlo l e`blzgògt


17/24

pr`p`zucr O`vlbb. O fhlngslt altlr`khlol, fl tgpl t onrysafl t slrvlr-vl nal sgstlflt`plrctgvl t rrhlts, 1=9.9 saplsa prn`rlt, pcsg sat nal uogvlrscb.

Ztconcrn g 1=9.>

Nuel u prpgqur t ngzchoàlt stconcrng g jgbg sat f pce g nao pcs e`blzgògt sl 1=9.:,ooe`fgsgòg GLLL 1=9.> ec ngzchoucr t`p`b`khgo l e`figoucrfckhgstrcbl/ybb l jgbc icrtgod`rfcjgòl fl ongafo l tèlogt. Fl prn`rgf t t`p`b`khgs dgzgel fckhgstrcbl nal tt`p`b`khgs b`khgel uocz stconcrng 1=9.> sat g ngzchoucr o pcrgfgo q e`fphutlrt hco tnao pcs fcsatrgflvl sg nal ohlrzgt8 f hlpog vltf khysf sacosl u taò ohrg thltrgt. Stc tlhecb`h et prìblf e`fgsgòg 1=9.> ec ngzchour tèlo t tgbb q rrhltg fuon tc sadrytzòp`tauchsl o t ohhto foyr sg nal l sadrytz`ho kruplt ngseutulsl. Nuel prn`rur kgsatgoicsaeigslnuls- eusa l ec sae`pgo ec t nrlht t fich bgkhrct(zceògsat o eà t jcetucr)cseusa thltr oue fuon t icsaeigsln`h, prnlrgsc sae`pg on`nalt tle ey g pcrg. Oht sat nalfl stconcrngo 1=9.>

Oh stcjgò puol q p`slnò tèlo fuon t nrk`h god`rfcjgò, pcs esch , stcjgògpuouls prcoò vrtltgfgo l fcrrsgt t etgh god`rfcjgòg nal nualt tc ecb`h tèlogo stcjgògothltr o rlon. Zg rrhltg prjcetò sl eusa sat o rlon0 ^l stconcrng 1=9.> rrhltg prjhlbb sl eusatthltr nualt flrr ^èlo-go. Zg nal oh flocxalr igzolsg fuon t flrr sae`pgo igslnuls saplsaokc plrsòg q puoò o phlso pr nle`rgf, sat l fuonsafl q onòh stcjgò puol t eltprg`rgtlt fig t thlrct nal tc fcrrgo ^èlo-go.

Flt`nc l eòtr`bbgt t e`blzgògt oue sat l vltfhc prsl ncbbàlt stconcrng 1=9.> prlh1=9.:. ]celtg 1=9.> ncbbò prlh pceltgt 1=9.:prfico phlso ayrsl (plcfibl) eudgzgfgo l

dgbbgfgt l drcfl(stcrt drcfl nlbgfltlr), eòtr`bbgo l drcfl(jòtr`bbdrcfl) cnrlso l nlstgocjgògt(nlstgoctgò cnnrlss), cnrlso l nrkulsgt (sùrjl cnnrlss), t naoct(god`rfctgò), sleulojct lvrtltgfgt t drcfl(drcfl jalje sleulojl) nal eudgzulsgo l drcfl (drcfl nlbgfltlr), sg nalsat trlkucr o dgk

Lnal psl e`figocjgòg tèlo-fckhgstrcbl pcrconcbò e`blzgògo, stconcrng 1=9.> ce`fc ec ngsct fltc pr saece sl eylt okc prn`rgflt l zceòsafl. Zaufgjc l rcfhlvl t saeurtc td`rfctgt ^èlo-fckhgstrcbl rrhlnago prlh acrnulrgt g jgbg elq duoesgòò, ec fuon t rlzubtò flaufihlo l tèlo-gt `sl o prlfhl t tèlogt t jgbt hcpgo prsatyphl q rrhltg ec sauf tèlo.

Eudgzulsg

dgbbgfgt

t drcfl

Cnrlsc lfcrrsgt

Cnrlsc lnrkulsgt

God`rfc-jgòg

Zleulojc lvrtltgfgt tdrcfl-gt

]hlsc

ayrsl

Eòtr`bbgg drcfl-gt

Eudgzulsg

drcfl-gt

Dgk() 8E`fp`zgfg g drcfl-gt 1=9.>


18/24

Ztconcrn g 1=9., pcsg pceltgunatò okc oh stcjgò puouls o thltrgo, eu trcosfltgfg prsrgtlt o n` acp, eusatu q cseuont saeò sauf bcrk, nal f pcr oue egsatl trcosfltgf t prsrgtasaf

ey pr`tè`bb zceògsat prn`rlt o gfpblflotgfgo fckhgstrcbl (Ltalrolt).Scshl l saufdgsat(Fubtgpbl cjjlss) ec t ih fl dcetgo sl sljgbg stcjgò ec qcshl o ecibbgo l pricsaet.. Jcrrglrslosl g rldlràlt dcetgt q sljgbg stcjgò puouls onkhò t saà osl csoh stcjgò puouls oue p`trcosfltò pcrc sl t dgbb`h t nrk`h t naoc . J`bbgsgò nltljtgò (nltletgf g prpbcshls) ec tih fl pcrgfgo l t onkhucrgt pr t pcrl osl stcjgòlt l thlrc p` trcosflt`ho prnlrgsc ol p`trcosflt`hf.


19/24

O sgstlfgo fckhgstrcbl , t stcjgòlt eco qcshl o t ohlhtgo flnguf t ecibbgt.. pr et sat lfuonsafl q oh stcjgò t hlt nuel trcosfltucr eur oh stcjg o thltr nò t trcosflt`h.Yrlkubbc 3 sat q oh stcjgò nualt t onkh`h pr t prjcetucr osl oh stcjgò thltr p`trcosfltò pcrc sl t dgbb`h trcosfltgfgo. Osl rrhltc sat l zo, ctalrl stcjgòg ouegosgstò(icje `dd) nal prlt onreà rcstgo pcrc sl t pr`v`h prsrg

Yrlkubbc 9 sat sl stcjgòg g jgbg p` trcosfltò nualt fògt`r`h rrhlto t saà osl oh stcjgòec dgbbucr trcosfltgfgo.. eh` sat oh prpbcshl j`bbgsgò) nal osll eh` on`na t ny stcjgòltpuouslsl nualo t tragqlo(icje `dd) nal prpgqlo pcs oh gotlrvcbg eà`r t rcstgt (c rcon`ftgfl gotlrvcb ). Cs gt tcels c dgogtl tgfl d`r sgkocbs t` trcvlb n`wo tal jcibl, gt gs p`ssgibl d`r f`rltaco òl stctgò t` tagoe tact tal oltw`re gs drll con i`ta krci gt ct tal scfl tgfl.

F`nlbg JZFC/JNJ sat dcr on`na o i`to rlcbl. Ohlrzgt l gov`bvucr igslnckup`rl euhnlso sauf pr zictgfgo fgrslbbhlvl t ohlhtc.

^èlo Ygok

ey pr`t`j`b sat sauf g prn`rur o rrhltlt uocz pr eòtr`bbgo l qcshls s stcjgògt ouocz. Oh flscza g saeurt (g quchtur ^èlo) jgreubbò opr uocz, nuel ecbucr prlh okcoh stcjgò o oh thltr(ey dgbbò okc oh stcjgò eòtr`bblr `sl fcstlr g jgbg l onrdut eto uocz)..

Oh stcjgò g jgbg nò t trcosflt`h prlt q tèlog tg crrgh. Eur ey tg crrgh, ey l onrysaòelt okc oh tèlo o flscza bgnas(jòoljt`r flssckl ) nal g satò flsczago l tgh oduon. Ey f pcs vlon`slt o coo nrkusl(ùtk`gok sgnl ) t uoczs.

Zljgbg stcjgò pcsò fl prcogfgo tèlo-gt nal osl oue ec cskh pr t trcosfltucr. Etcfògt`r`ho flsczago bgnas ( jòoljt`r flssckls ) pr t pcrl osl flsczag u sat

cnrlsucr etyrl. Osl fcsczalt l bgnaurc(jòoljt`r flssckls) u cnrlsòl etyrl, etce`ph`ho flsczago, l f`ngdge`ho ct pr t ngtur fcrrsgo l tgh, nal f pcs l nrk`hoopr uocz. Jòoljt`r flssckls t jgbct oue u hco cnrlsucr etyrl ecbàlo ngrljtstcjgògt thltr o uocz..

Eur Jòoljt`r flssckls ecbò oh jgeb t pb`t nal crrgo stcjgògo l pcrl nrkuls eyeòtr`bbò flsczago osl cg gsatl prcoucr. Ey f pcs l alna flsczago nal l zcvlosò ct floh tèloJZFC/JN

Yrhltlt ]llr t` -pllr sl eb glot-slrvlr

Oi`to l e`fphutlrvl, ngsc pr`nagfl cq sauf l eco oncr puibgeuo, csatu q opr nlictl

fig et` pr`nagflec ngq ec nal dcoctgel. On`satc on`halr elog nkhucr igslnc onrfhltonrfhlt sadrytzuslvl t Fcjc nal icsaeigslnusvl t ]J-vl.Nlrg fl tcog nlictlt pllr-t`-pllr `sl ebglot-slrvlr oue ec prucr nlrg tl nce`rngfg, p`r

ngsc ohlrz vrtlt ils`ho o ohro l ngsc o thltro, okcohalr vltf sl sat tleo`b`khgc l pcrlfl t jgbo hco tceucr. Osl nsagròg tg vzakòg o foyr gotlbletucbl etgh nlictg, vczanògs blxucrg.

Csoh tgp l rrhlts oue sat plrdletl o t khgtac sgtucjgòlt . Yrhltct ebglo/t slrvlr ecosgkurg f t fgrl, onrsc rrhltlt pllr-t`-pllr hco f dblesgigbl nal saplsa f t bgrc. [gon`ws


20/24

9=== pr`dlsgòcb g prerca t nyhc pbctd`rfct, prfls [gon`wsgt 9=== pr`dlsgòcb fuonsgtprgfcrl t rrhltcvl pllr-t`-pllr nal [gon`ws 9=== slrvlr.

Yrhltlt eb glot-slrvlr

Yrhltct ebglot-slrvlr hco t okhchsafl o oh dcrl foyrl fl rrhltlt l vhltrc

Fcgodrlgf/^lrfgocb. ^l t ny rrhltct e`fphutlrg qlonr`r sat flsg g rrhlts nal flocxaò fl tkhgtac erelsct. Ncbbgfg eryls`r sat o ct sl e`fphutlrt ebglot fuon t puo`ho sg t pcvcrur(oo sup`zgfgo sl sat dhcbc pr e`fphutlrt ]J). O dgk l sat trlkucr eòdgkurgfg g rrhltsebglot slrvlr.

^l `rkcogzctct l fnac rrhltlt ebglot slrvlr eco ngsc prpcrsg Etc saplsa hco f sauf t vblrsucrc sl rrhltlt pllr-t`-pllr

Yrhltlt ebglot slrvlr hco saplsa f dblesgigbl sl rrhltlt pllr-t`-pllr, eco f sauf`psgòl t fuonsafl nal f sauf s`dtulrl hco saerucr pr t`. Ercacs etyrl eco fsauf god`rfcjgòl gonustrgcbl, q eco oh ongafls q nualt vblrsucr eur nalprpgqlog t lblfgoòg onòh prìblf.

G `dr`ho Cnfgogstrct`rgt eòtr`bb f t fgrl fig rrhltoO rrhltlt pllr-t`-pllr sljgbg sadrytzuls sat vlt cnfgogstrct`r. Yrhlto ebglot-slrvlr leòtr`bbò cnfgogstr`rg g rrhlts g jgbg vlon`s sl jgbcvl pcgshl plrgdlrgel nal dchbbcvl sljgbgsadrytzuls fuon tu qcslt.

Fuon t zkhlràlo o pceudgYrhltlt pllr-t` pllr fuonlo tahlsat t zkhlràlo, p`r oue duoesgò`ho fgrl fl fsauf sl 3< oyhl. Yrhltlt ebglot slrvlr, o coo thltr, fuon t zkhlràlo o ngsc qgonrcfcegoc, igbl lnal o ngsc fghcrc `sl qgonrc fghrc tl rcstg g g rrhltlvl [CO(wgnl crlcoltw`re)

Hco f fgrl t sgkurucrc okc qcshlt l pccur`rgzucrcYrhltlt ebglot slrvlr sadrytz`ho sgkurgo sauf t d`rt sl rrhltlt pllr-t`-pllr. Zaufgjc l

rrhltlvl ebglot-slrvlr ere`ho okc sadrytzulsgt t `dr`ho dhcb ecbgfgo nal b`kòGN pcrcsl tg qcslt rrhlts fl e`fphutlr ebglot. Ey dhcb ecbgf nal GN g fuons`ho sadrytzulsgtqcshl vltf o dchbbc nal pcgshl q eco qcshl t cut`rgzucr. Fl et`, dhcbecbgfg nal GN geuft`ho dchbb slrvlrgt scet sl jgbgt bb`h t dchbbgt sadrytzulsg q g qcslt ec (rlcn-òby, `sldubb) nal sg sadrytzulsg fuonlt t fcogpub`h fl dchbbc, zavlon`shlo l tyrl. @sl saogfgoq lnal sadrytzuls t thlr t fuon t icsaeoncho

Yrhltlt ebglot slrvlr eco nal t fltct l tyrl. Et` hco sauf f t satrlhoc pr oyhl sl scrrhltlt pllr-t`-pllr nal f vsatgr gostcbàlo. Igbl lnal cnfgogstr`rvl f fl prv`hgostcbgfg g slrvlrgt fuon tu zkhcs fl `r. Zatgfg g ebglotvl t rgoh fuon t zkhcs sauf

]c fcrr pcrcsysa sl eco fgf t bcrt nal olv`h pr cnfgogstrct`r, rrhltlt ebglot slrvlrhco f t prsatcsafl pr prn`rgf o e`fpcogt l fnac. Bl t saàgf ngsc bb`hl t

slrvlrvl t jgbt fuon tg acsog o rrhltlt ebglot slrvlr.

Ngse slr vlrt

Ngse slrvlrg sat p`zgjgòg qlonr`r pr dchbbc nal t naoc, t eyur o rrhlt sgeursl nal jgbc nòyhl. Zadcqlt pr n` stcjgò puouls sg lnal oh acrn ngse bècb.

Yucthc l god`rfcjgògt o ngse slrvlr sat l ohlht sg nal ructhc l god`rfcjgògt o acrnngseuo b`jcb, p`r etagfg g god`rfcjgògt okc ngse slrvlrg sat ngec f e`fpbles. O stcjgògo lpcvcrur puouls o rrcnao pr etagf t god`rfcjgògt e`fphutlrg nualt khlh bècjgògo l dchbbgt


21/24

o DC^(dgbl Cbb`jctgò ^cibl). ]csg t khlh bècjgògo l dchbbgt o DC^ e`fhutlrgtrcodlrò(zavlon`s) eèct Ylcn/[rgtl(blxusl/saerusl) o et bècjgò t acrn ngseut nale`phò dchbbgo o flf`rhl(euhtls).

Etagfg g god`rfcjgògt okc ngse slrvlrg oue sat icsa g tahlsat. Ngse slrvlrg ruco DC^-go l tgh nal sljgbo alrl eur stcjg og puouls nsagrò t rgetalo god`rfcjgòl okc ngse slrvlrg,

ngse slrvlrg nualt t nrkò e`phlo l DC^-gt t vlt stcjgògt puouls. Ztcjgòg puouls rucoe`phlo l DC^-gt o euhtls. ]r qcshl t god`rfcjgòl o ngse slrvlr stcjgòg puouls s pcrgflrr e`phlo l DC^-gt t ngse slrvlrgt nal f pcs l sadrytzò q t sala sl eu on`nalt dchbbg oacrn ngseuo l ngse slrvlrgt. Eur stcjgòg puouls gu qcslt ngse slrvlrgt on`na pr`jlsg sg ovczangf.

Ngse slrvlrg fuonlt, ec t okhcr, t sala aczcrnlt p`tlojgcbl. Lslojc l puos o rrhltsat q t fuonsàlt oh oufrg ohlrzgsa qcshl o fuonsgt l rrhlts cp` h`0 Zg n` q t hlt, eurngeusa pr alrl t pcrl gu qcslt ngse slrvlrgt, sadrytzulsg flrl e`hlo l DC^-gt , csatu sg nal cgnuelt o ct jcst, sljgbo alrl eusan` q satò `sl dsago dchbb okc acrn ngseu g slrvlrgt DC^-gonrysaò. ]r et crsylhl, osl flrrog e`phlo l DC^-gt t ngse slrvlrgt o `rc 1, o `rc 3>,:=pcsngtl n` t nuelt sl oue sat l ohlht fl `rgkhgocbgo. ]r et crsyl J]\-hc l ngse slrvlrgt

sadrytzò fcp-o l vlt t naocvl ncbsl pr eregf t t naocvl o acrn ngse, t naoctetaysl fuon t okcncbs`ho rrhlto `sl tc sapglho lnal tl onrprlrhc.S tu safcklt ey aczcrn p`tlojgcb, ngse slrvlrt zceògsat hco t oncr `sl t

pcrtgjgpucr o ngsc phls- sljgbc phls sat l rlzlrvucr pr oh stcjgò t vcjcot puouls. Zgpcsrrcnas t icsaeoncrhls s god`rfcjgòlvl, rualt vblrc puibgel rlcn òby, fl ec firàltgotlkrgtltg g DC^-gt o ngse slrvlr

Dchb b slrvlr

Ngse slrvlrt fuon t hlo t e`fpbgeucr nal fl rrlzge p`tlojgcb pr puo. Dchbb slrvlrt hcof t prdcqsucr. Etc pr okc octyrc hco sauf f e`fpbls sl pcrccrnasgt l tyrl, ngseslrvlrt. Dchbb slrvlr ec zceògsa sgstlfgo `plrctgv t vltgo, g jgbg d`rfò fisathlbbsgo l

fhlngsgt(rrltagos) t ngse sgstlfgt `plrctgv. Ey systlf `plrctgv dgbtrò e`fconct l rrhlts nalN@Z e`fconct , pretalo N@Z e`fconct o e`fconc t rrhlts nal cocshlbbtcs.Dchbb slrvlrt nal ngse slrvlrt hco t ohlht sgpcs duoesgògt, rrlspletgvgsat, sgkur`ho

vlon qlonr`r stcjgòlvl puousl pr nlp`tgzgf t naocvl. ]r ncbbgf okc ngse slrvlrg, dchbbslrvlrg ruco DC^-go l vlt nal erylo vlt eregfgo l dchbbcvl okc Acrn ngseu g vlt. Eur stcjgògpuouls ereò dchbb, dchbb slrvlrg eòtr`bbò DC^-go l vlt, q t eòstcotò vlonon`nahlo(b`jgfgo) l dchbbgt o acrn ngse, nal zavlon`s eèct blxusl/saerusl o ct bècjgò. ]cse`phgfgt t t naocvl okc acrn ngseu dchbb slrvlrg g nkò e`phlo l dchbbcvl stcjgògt puouls qec ir erelso.

Ncbbgfg g onrfhlt ngse slrvlgt nal dchbb slrvlrgt fuon t saprlalt o foyro sg ovczangf8 eur stcjgòg puouls ereò okc ngse sllrvlrg dchbb pr alrl t pcrl khct ngts ngse slvlrfisatlt o `rfcogo l tgh nal ereò acrto l nlp`s eu rualo dchbbct nuel g talo stcjgògt

puouls8 sae` flrr dchbbgo p`r ruch fcpo5 ecf puo f t flfl sl sc t t durogz`h flfcpc. Zljgbo alrl q stcjgòg puouls flr ngec okc `rfcog, `sl etalo srgsat `rfcog okc pcergrlkubbàlt, p`r prsaece sl ec czaurgf cut`fctge, ngse slrvlrg flrl fcpo l vblsafl. Eurstcjgòg puouls etalalt tg khlo dchbbct, sadrytzò fcpo l vhltr, ec t okhcr sl `rfcog t hlt grgrlkucbbucr nal fuon cskh t khlh.

Dchbb slrvlrg ereò vlt, o vlon q tc blh`h stcjgògo puoul q t ere`ho o acrngseuo ltgh. Eur stcjgòg puouls ereò dchbb, dchbb slrvlrg ta`t8 uo n` t nrk`h dchbbgo. Cg khlo


22/24

dchbbgo, io e`phlo l tgh pr stcjgògo puouls nal l nrkò plrfs rrhlts nlrg tl stcjgòg puoulsq ec ereucr dchbb.

Dchbb slrvlrt eco oh oufr t prpcrsgvl o ercacsgf fl ngse slrvlrt. Zpcrg, pr saecesl dchbb slrvlrvl oue g nualt e`phc l DC^ pr stcjgògo puouls, lezgstò vltf oh rlkhgstrgf gbècjgògt t dchbbgt nal dchbb slrvlrg l p`slnò. ^hltr, slrvlrg f tuhl oue l icsaeonco

acrngseuo l tgh5 okc , tr ngse slrvlrgo fuonlo o t ohlhto eà tc sadrytz`ho t khgtacstcjgòlt puoulsl. Eh` fuonsg sg l ngog oue ec lezgstu tl ngse slrvlrt.

Dchb b slrv lrt tnlst goucr n al tpc nls tgou cr.

O ngseutgflt fig slrvlrt okcohalr fuon t nkhòg ohlrz t jgbt dbcsgo fig slrvlrnlstgouls nal h`nlstgouls. Dchbb slrvlrg nlstgouls ec ohsgo l vlt t ngseut(ngse nrchv) qbbgfg gvltf g t jgbgt sat t hlt dchbb slrvlr. ]rjcetgfg g nlstgocjgògt(qbbgfgt) t e`fphutlrgt sg dchbbslrvlr eudgzò euhtlso l tgh o duoesgò t dchbb slrvlrgt. Dchbb slrvlr h` nlstgouls sat stcjgògpuouls euhtlsc l t jgbgt sat l oncr fls stcjgòlvl puoulsl nal duoesgògo l dchbb slrvlrgt.

]rsl n` t egsagt ncsat t prjcetòg prsl sarilo dchbb slrvlrg. Dchbb slrvlrg g nlstgoucrsat f g saplht, f g sgkurt nal f g cdt sl cg q sadrytzò stcjgòg puouls. F g saplht sat

pr ctl sl l tr euhtlsc nal t khgtac pr`jlslt t jgbct g erylo ey e`fphutlr ngrljt nrkàlo odchbb-slrvlr, nal f t sgkurt sl cseusa oue l sadrytzò fcegoo sg stcjgò puouls nal p`tauchsleur oue vgl nlrg tl rcfhc l sgstlfgt. F g cdt pr crsylhl sl oue nualt oncr eào l tgh eursat dchbb slrvlr nal eào eur sat stcjgò puouls. Zaeurt fl naoglo l nlstgocjgògtdchbbslrvlrgt tuch crrgalo plrd`rfcosc t rrhlts such. Octyrgsat, coc l nìt dchbb slrvlrgt nlstgoulsfuon t hlt fgfg, psg nualt t iblog e`fphutlr vltf pr t ruchtur gotlkrgtltgo nal sgkurgo lt naocvl t huchc. ]r saece sl dchbb-slrvlrg ec pb`t erelsc, n` t egsagt nsagrucr t elogonòh e`fphutlr t saplht fl acrn ngse t fcna, nal oh bb`h g esch fcegol oue sat l bgrl.

fgfg g bcrt g dchbb-slrvlrgt nlstgouls bl acpsgr pr dchbb-slrvlrt h` nlstgouls. fgfg gubt sat l vltfhc prpcrsg t jgbo l elog pr prn`rgf t dchbb-sgstlfgt sg stcjgò puouls. Dchbbslrvlrt h`nlstgouls hco f t okcncbsaf sl ct` nlstgouls, pcsg sljgbo alrl eur srvlrgt gu

nualt eàc l J]\-s q tg erylo nltyrct l stcjgògt puouls stcjgòlt l thlrc puoulsl nualt tprlsgo q t fuon tu qcslo slrvlrgt. Eh` prgthl fuon tc okcncbsò t tr rrhlto. ]`s esch, oslvgl nlrg tl rcfhc l dchbbslrvlrgt, ec nal saplsa on`na o slrvlrgo t jgbgo ngeusa l prn`r lnalsg stcjgò puouls vlt pr olv`hc cnfgogstrctgvl, fuon tg aufiuog t naoct okc l tr rrhltc. Eurdbgtlt pr rrhltct q eco dchbb slrvlr nlstgouls nal h`nlstgouls, fuon t taualt sl dchbb slrvlrtnlstgouls hco f t fgr osl fuon t sgkurò fcego satls. Dchbbslrvlrt h`nlstgouls fuon thlo zkhlnahl l fgrl pr rrhltc sauf t v`kbc, p`r osl elog


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rrhlto, cg tahlsat ecbò o krupo t jgbt ce`fc hco e`fphutlr duoesgòcb. Eur oh stcjgòpuouls oue puoò rrhltc fuon t vczan`h s duoesgòurg, osl t khgt sadrytzulsgt rucho dchbbctl olv`hsaf o stcjgòlt l tyrl puoulsl. Fl dhcb t thlrc rrhltc pllr-t`-pllr g fuonsò sljgbgtstcjgò puouls rlkhgf t nydgsat 8 t hlt stcjgò g puos nal dchbb slrvlr.

Yrhltlt pllr-t`-pllr u `dr`ho sadrytzulsvl t vlt sauf fuonsg t jgbct g `dr`ho nal

rrhltct ebglot-slrvlr. Zljgbg sadrytzuls vlon`s sl jgbc fuonsg nal pchgshl plrgdlrgel n` tgicsaeonco fl t thlrt o rrhlt. Hu fuon tg oncog pchgshlt o foyr slbljtgvl , t talfg8eòtcigbgtltg n` t sadrytz`h nrchvgo J, onrsc saigfg g iurgflvl ohlrz`rl prgotlrgo, nal

fuon tg satòg dhcbecbgfgo rlsuslvl t huchc, csatu q t f`s fuon tu qcslo plrsòc t pccut`rgzulf. Hu euhtàlt pr saece t rconsgs s god`rfcjgò o rrhlto BCO pllr-t`-pllr tngstrgiutàlo opr rrhlt nualt tg blog t eyurc fcegoct l bgnaurc o rrhlt nal g b`kòg o rrhlt, prnlrgsc q sljgbg q puoò o rrhlt t elt olv`h pr t naoc

Tblrsgfg g pceltgt pllrt` pllr

Eur t iblog pchgshlo pr rrhlto pllr-t`-pllr nualt t elog pcrcsysa8

Zc hco t fgrc cdtsgt e`fuogeuslZaufgjc l pceltlvl pllr-t`-pllr eco lfchbgo l tyrl nal fuonsgo bb`f`tgthls, nuelfuonsur o t ohlhto eà, e`fuogegfgo fl l-fcgb o eà rlcbl. ]celtg g fgrl g `dròsadrytzulsgt bgstlo l sadrytzulsvl t thlr fl t jgbt fuon t bb`f`tgsgo5 t elt sg satlsbb`f`tgthl t ohdgsat nal t saufdgsat.

Zc sat ecpcjgtltg g rlsurslvl t icsaeoncrclnal psl rrhltc pllr-t`-pllr saplsa prlt q sljgbg stcjgò puouls t ruco cpbgecjgògo ltgh o dchbb, fuon t b`jòg onòh cpbgecjgò sg qlonr`r nal tu fuonsòg ohlrvl tg ecpgookc jgbc n` fcego thltr. ]`s esch, fuon tg oncog pcgshlt sg hco nrchvlt, JN-r`ft nalprgotlrt. ]celtlt f t fgrc g salolho sadrytzulsgt eur stcjgòg g puos fl rlsurslt licsaeoncr l bsaò rrhlto.

Zc sat pchgshc l prsatcsafl pr prn`rgf o zyrlt l v`kbc.pr crsyllhl sl rrhltc pllrt`-plrr rrcbb ec flocxalr t rrhlts, n` tc nsagròg q rrhlt osc f blat tc eòtr`bbòg. Yrhltc l fgrl pllr-t`-pllr nualt t hlt l tahlsat pr gostcbgf-nualt tg elt vlkbct l fgrc pr prgotgf nal cnfgogstrgf fl dchbbct, pr qbbgf t eòtr`bgtfl rlsurslt l icsaeoncrc. Lnal psl rrhltct pllr-t`-pllr oue hco t ohàurc fl sgkurgo ltyrl , khgtacsatu n` t nsagrògt oh bb`h eòtr`bbl tce`h rlsurslvl t icsaeoncrc.

Euptgfg g `plrcjgòlvl pllr- t` pllr

Elfg aubuftucr sl sg duoesgòò rrhltc ebglot slrvlr, p`r nal sg puoò rrhltc pllr-t`-t` pllr0 Ofcegoo l pcvcrur sgstlfg g huch `plrctgv (p.sa N@Z) fuonlt o erels tuch, tg qcslt nrchvlvlngrljt. Cpbgecjgòg g nrlhtàlt ngrljt N@Z-gt, g jgbg g nrkò god`rfcjgò IG@Z-gt nal cg g nrkò

ngseut t e`fphutlrgt. N@Z oue ereò ongaf o qcshl t god`rfcjgògt nal plrgdlrgvl oe`fphutlrgo l vlt.

Osl puoòg o rrhlt, sgtuctc sat ngec f onrysal. N@Z ec olv`h pr god`rfcjgòlpr qcshl o god`rfcjgòlt l e`fhutlrvl t thlr o rrhlt. Ey onfs qualt rlngrlet`r `sl salbbosl hlog sadrytzuls g O`wlb-gt)- saga lslojo l puos o rrhlt oo wgon`ws 9===O sagqgf t pcrl, nuelt sl lezgst`ho t khgtac prpcrsgt o cooo l rrhltcvl ebglot slrvlr. Eur tiog o rlvgsgò t srgsaf fuon t ziubòg sl ehò oue sat khgtafò. ]r rrhltc t v`kbc rrhltcpllr-t`-pllr ec oh oufr prpcrsgsa8


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Oue ereò stcjgò nlstgouls puouls (lnal psl prn`rgfg g ohrs sat gnl l fgrl prsaece t crsylvl q g elfg prflon).

Foyr l tahlsat l bgnahls nal l icsaeoncrhls s god`rfcjgòlvl o stcjgòlt puoulsl tjgbct g elog o vlonlt l huchc puoulsl

sat f l bgr sl t elog nupbgjctl pr iblrhl t prgotlrvl , nupbgjctl t JN-Y@F-vl lthpr sljgbgo plrsò o zyrl nal fl khcs f l fgr fl rcstgo l icsaeoncrhls s prgotlrvlt pr`nagfgt sg prgot icdlr nal prgot ecblfct dgzge

fgf f g bgrl sl ebglotslrvlrt bCO-o nal oue ereò gokhgohlr fl rcstgo l gostcbgfgtZaeurt , rrhltc pllr-t` pllr oue `drò dblesgigbgtlt `sl bgnahl e`fpblt t sgkurt onrfhlt dchbbslrvlrgt nal stcjgòlvl puousl, p`r o gostcbgfl t v`kbc n` tg pb`ts`h erelsct l tuchc.]rn`rgfg g gotlrolt cnrlssZljgbg e`fphutlr o gotlrolt ec oh gnlotgtgtlt uoge o d`rf t oufrgt :9 igtsa(> ichtc), g jgbgsat prsaece t blxusafrgs f t blat, zceògsat l trlkucr sg cnrls ouflrgel l jgbc prialtokc ectr phls. Ngsc ohlrz g saerucho etyrl oufrcvl pgec `sl g trlk`ho sg ectr cnrlsc p.sacnrlsc tgpgel l fgjr`s`dtgt sat sat esatu8

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