arquitetura de front-end em aplicações de larga escala
DESCRIPTION
Para desenvolver um site institucional simples ou um hotsite pequeno, não é preciso muito mais que um pouco de HTML, um ou dois arquivos de CSS, alguns arquivos de JavaScript, e um sistema de CMS. No entanto, à medida que a complexidade de um site aumenta, o código passa a se tornar cada vez mais extenso, complexo, difícil de ser organizado, e projeto acaba virando um grande "code spaghetti". Para garantir que isso não aconteça, é necessário implementar uma estrutura sólida para o HTML, CSS e JavaScript, de modo que os componentes da aplicação funcionem independentemente e sejam facilmente mantidos e modificados. Nesta palestra, mostrei como elaborar uma arquitetura de front-end que sustente uma aplicação de larga escala.TRANSCRIPT
Arquitetura deFront-end emaplicações delarga escala
@shiota | eshiota.com
RAILS
EDITION
Front-end
Internet
Arquitetura simples
Arquitetura complexa
Na minha visão, aplicações JavaScript de larga escala são aplicações não-triviais que requerem um esforço significante de manutenção por parte do desenvolvedor, onde a maior parte do trabalho de manipulação de dados e visualização é atribuída ao navegador.
Addy OsmaniDeveloper Programs Engineer @ Google
Aplicações com front-end de larga escala são aplicações não-triviais que requerem um esforço significante de manutenção por parte do desenvolvedor, onde organização, modularização, otimização e reutilização de código são cruciais.
Eduardo Shiota YasudaLoves cat videos on Youtube
Aplicações de pequena escala
style.css
templates
application.js& jQuery / plugins
imagens
CMS
CSS simples
Centenas de linhas
Fácil de manter
JS Simples
Plugins e algumas funções
Uma função autoexecutável
jQuery
Aplicações de Larga escala
HTML, CSS e JavaScript modulares
Noção de módulo
HTML & CSS modular
<section class="side-block"> <h3>Quick links</h3>
<ul class="arrowed-list side-list"> <li> <a href="#">Your profile</a> </li> <li> <a href="#">MKX settings</a> </li> <li> <a href="#">MIH SWAT</a> </li> <li> <a href="#">Invite users</a> </li> </ul></section>
<section class="side-block"> <h3>Your starred content</h3>
<ul class="iconed side-list"> <li class="file-locked"> <a href="#">RubyConf - 02 - Ruby is cool</a><br /> <small>in group: <a href="#">Ruby</a></small> </li> <li class="photo-locked"> <a href="#">RubyConf entrance hall</a><br /> <small>in group: <a href="#">Ruby</a></small> </li> <li class="doc"> <a href="#">MongoDB</a><br /> <small>in company: <a href="#">MIH SWAT</a></small> </li> <li class="forum"> <a href="#">Ruby group files...</a><br /> <small>in group: <a href="#">Ruby</a></small> </li> </ul></section>
<section class="side-block"> <h3>Recommended contacts</h3>
<ul class="side-list"> <li class="data-card"> <div class="card-content"> <hgroup> <h4>Lorem ipsum</h4> <h5>CEO @ <a href="#">MIH SWAT</h5> </hgroup>
<p><a href="#">[add as contact]</a></p> </div>
<img src="image.jpg" alt="Lorem ipsum" /> </li>
<li class="data-card"> <div class="card-content"> <hgroup> <h4>Lorem ipsum</h4> <h5>Technical Architect @ <a href="#">MIH SWAT</h5> </hgroup>
<p><a href="#">[add as contact]</a></p> </div>
<img src="image.jpg" alt="Lorem ipsum" /> </li> </ul></section>
<section class="side-block"> <h3></h3>
<ul class="side-list"> <li></li> </ul></section>
/*********************************** patterns/side_list.scss**********************************/
.side-list { list-style: none outside; padding: 0;}
.side-list li { margin-bottom: 10px; overflow: hidden;}
/*********************************** patterns/arrowed_list.scss**********************************/
.arrowed-list li { margin-bottom: 0.2em; position: relative;}
.arrowed-list li:before { content: "\25B8"; display: inline-block; margin-right: 0.3333em;}
/*********************************** patterns/side_block.scss**********************************/
.side-block { margin-bottom: 1.5em;}
.side-block h3 { border-bottom: 1px solid #cecece; font-size: 1em; /* 16px / 16px */ margin-bottom: 0.8em; padding-bottom: 0.1em;}
<section> <h3>Recommended contacts</h3>
<ul class="side-list small-entity-list"> <li class="data-card"> <div class="card-content"> <hgroup> <h4>Lorem ipsum</h4> <h5>CEO @ <a href="#">Buscapé</h5> </hgroup>
<p><a href="#">[add as contact]</a></p> </div>
<img src="image.jpg" alt="Lorem ipsum" /> </li> </ul></section>
<article class="data-card group-activity"> <div class="card-content"> <p> <a href="#" class="actor">Rafael Dohms</a> joined a group: <a href="#" class="subject">I love Ruby on Rails</a> </p>
<p> <date>2 hours ago</date> <a href="#">Unlike</a> <a href="#">Comment entry</a> </p> </div>
<img src="image.jpg" alt="Rafael Dohms" /></article>
<article class="data-card"> <div class="card-content"> </div>
<img /></article>
/*********************************** patterns/data_card.scss**********************************/
.data-card { min-height: 120px; position: relative;}
/* Override width and height as needed */.data-card > img { position: absolute; left: 0; top: 0; width: 120px; height: 120px;}
/* Override padding-left as needed */.data-card .card-content { padding-left: 140px;}
/**************************************** patterns/small_entity_list.scss** children extend patterns/data_card***************************************/
.small-entity-list .data-card { min-height: 60px;}
.small-entity-list .data-card > img { width: 60px; height: 60px;}
.small-entity-list .data-card .card-content { padding-left: 80px;}
.button
.large-button
.confirm-button
.send-button
.button { border-radius: 5px; font-family: "proxima-nova", sans-serif; height: 2em; line-height: 2em; padding: 1em; color: #fff; text-shadow: 0 -1px 0 #000;}
.large-button { font-size: 3em;}
.confirm-button { background: #ffba00; box-shadow: 0 3px 0 #cd9600;}
.send-button { /* styles for icon placement */}
.button
.large-button
.confirm-button
.send-button
.button
.small-button
.confirm-button
.send-button
Multiple classes + Single responsabilities
Short inheritance (3-4 levels max)
Portable classes
Organizando os módulos
/* * application.css example w/ Asset Pipeline * *= require base/reset *= require core/typography *= require core/forms *= require_tree ./patterns *= require ui/buttons *= require ui/loader *= require ui/datepicker */
application.scss w/ SASS
base/_functions.scss
core/_typography.scss
ui/_loader.scss
application-ec8971025292ecb7dd2c99d430d7a76e.css
Leituras
oocss.org
JavaScript modular
JavaScript não é (só) jQuery
shareTypeSelector.js
shareForm.js
shareField.js
newsfeed.js
shareForm
shareTypeSelector shareField
mediator.js
trigger("share-type-changed") on("share-type-changed")
shareProxy
newsfeed
on("new-post")trigger("new-post")
init init
submit get
dataonsuccess
Modules + Tests
=
OMGBBQW00T
/** Loader constructor
@params {Function} placement Function that determines the loader's placement @constructor**/ns("EDEN.ui.Loader", function (placement) { if (!(this instanceof EDEN.ui.Loader)) { return new EDEN.ui.Loader(placement); }
this.frame = 1; this.framesQty = 8; this.stack = []; this.animating = false; this.$loader = $("<div class='loader'><b> </b></div>"); this.$renderer = this.$loader.find("b"); this.placement = placement;
this.init();});
/** Animation speed (in frames per second)
@property fps @type Number @default 20**/EDEN.ui.Loader.prototype.fps = 20;
/** Fading speed
@property fadeSpeed @type Number @default 150**/EDEN.ui.Loader.prototype.fadeSpeed = 150;
/** Inits the loader by inserting it into the DOM. If a placement argument wasn't passed to the constructor, uses a generic placement.
@method init**/EDEN.ui.Loader.prototype.init = function () { if (!this.placement) { this.placement = function ($loader) { $loader.appendTo($("body")); }; }
this.placement.call(this, this.$loader);};
/** Starts the loader by fading in and starting the animation. If there are multiple processes, stacks the requests.
@method start**/EDEN.ui.Loader.prototype.start = function () { this.stack.push((new Date()).getTime());
if (this.stack.length === 1) { this._startAnimation(); }};
/** Stops the loader by fading out and stoping the animation If there are any processes pending, pops the requests until it can actually stop.
@method stop**/EDEN.ui.Loader.prototype.stop = function () { this.stack.pop();
if (!this.stack.length) { this._stopAnimation(); }};
/** Starts the loader animation
@private**/EDEN.ui.Loader.prototype._startAnimation = function () { this.animating = true;
this._renderAnimation();};
/** Stops the loader animation
@private**/EDEN.ui.Loader.prototype._stopAnimation = function () { this.animating = false;};
/** Loops the animation, calling itself according to the fps
@private**/EDEN.ui.Loader.prototype._renderAnimation = function () { if (!this.animating) { return true; }
this._draw(); setTimeout(this._renderAnimation.bind(this), 1000 / this.fps);};
/** Draws the animation
@private**/EDEN.ui.Loader.prototype._draw = function () { this.$renderer.removeClass().addClass("f" + this.frame);
this.frame = this.frame + 1 > this.framesQty ? 1 : this.frame + 1;};
/** Returns the animation stack.
@return Array @private**/EDEN.ui.Loader.prototype._getAnimationStack = function () { return this.stack;};
não achei um logo maior :(
it("appends the loader to body as a default", function () { var loader = new Loader();
expect($("body").find(".loader").length).toEqual(1);});
it("appends the loader through an argument function", function () { var loader = new Loader(function ($loader) { $("#loader-placeholder").append($loader); });
expect($("#loader-placeholder").find(".loader").length).toEqual(1);});
it("stops the animation if stack is empty", function () { loader.start(); loader.stop();
expect($(".loader").data("spinning")).not.toBeTruthy();});
it("renders the animation at default speed (20fps)", function () { jasmine.Clock.useMock(); spyOn(loader, "draw");
loader.start();
jasmine.Clock.tick(2000);
// The first renderAnimation call renders the first frame, and then // starts the frame counting. So it'll always be (fps * seconds) + 1 expect(loader.draw.calls.length).toEqual(41);});
jasmincerice + guard-jasmine +
PhantomJS + Jenkins
=
OMGWTFBBQW00TROFL
phantomjs.org
Jenkins » rake guard:jasmine
SOLID principles
Loose coupling » Portable
Testable
MV**
Organizando os módulos
// application.js with Asset Pipeline////= require jquery//= require jquery_ujs//= require jquery/jquery.inputmask//= require jquery/jquery.validate//= require jquery/jquery.uniform//= require i18n//= require i18n/translations//= require i18n/setLocale//= require_tree shims//= require tools/namespace//= require accounting//= require handlebars-1.0.0.beta.6//= require eden/events//= require eden/dispatcher//= require eden/appMediator//= require_tree ./jquery//= require_tree ./eden/ui//= require_tree ./eden/presenters//= require_tree ./eden/validators//= require ./eden/forms/SubmitButton//= require_tree ./eden/forms//= require_tree ./eden/components//= require_tree ./eden/views//= require_tree ./eden/proxies//= require_tree ./eden/commands//= require_tree ./eden/services//= require_tree ./eden/modules//= require eden/app
documentcloud.github.com/jammit/
requirejs.org
//my/shirt.js now has some dependencies, a cart and inventory//module in the same directory as shirt.jsdefine(["./cart", "./inventory"], function(cart, inventory) { //return an object to define the "my/shirt" module. return { color: "blue", size: "large", addToCart: function() { inventory.decrement(this); cart.add(this); } }; });
github.com/jwhitley/requirejs-rails
Leituras
addyosmani.com/largescalejavascript
addyosmani.github.com/todomvc/
Ferramentas paramanter a organização
Exemplos com compass
Geração de sprites
/* Attributes a sprite map to a variable */
$icon-sprite: sprite-map("icon/*.png", $spacing: 16px, $repeat: no-repeat, $layout: vertical);
$icon-sprite: sprite-map("icon/*.png", $spacing: 16px, $repeat: no-repeat, $layout: vertical);
/* Compass sprite function receives the map variable and image as arguments */
background: sprite($icon-sprite, arrow_dropdown) no-repeat;
/* Compiled CSS */
background: url(/assets/icon-s5dab8c2901.png) -40px -158px no-repeat;
Inline images - base64
/* Generates a base64 image */
background: #f5f3eb inline-image("bg_dots.png") repeat;
/* Compiled CSS */
background: #f5f3fb url('data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAgAAAAQCAMAAAAcVM5PAAAAGXRFWHRTb2Z0d2FyZQBBZG9iZSBJbWFnZVJlYWR5ccllPAAAAAlQTFRF5+TW////////4qZUpQAAAAN0Uk5T//8A18oNQQAAACBJREFUeNpiYGBgAgMGBkYog4mJXAbILAiDkVxzAAIMAEMOAPMId2OWAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC') repeat;
Vendor prefixes
.my-gradient { background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(right, rgba(0, 0, 0, .5), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(right, rgba(0, 0, 0, .5), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)); background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(right, rgba(0, 0, 0, .5), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(right, rgba(0, 0, 0, .5), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)); background-image: linear-gradient(right, rgba(0, 0, 0, .5), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0));}
.my-gradient { background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(right, rgba(0, 0, 0, .5), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(right, rgba(0, 0, 0, .5), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)); background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(right, rgba(0, 0, 0, .5), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(right, rgba(0, 0, 0, .5), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)); background-image: linear-gradient(right, rgba(0, 0, 0, .5), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0));}
/* Generates vendor-prefixed rules */
.my-gradient { @include background-image( linear-gradient(right, rgba(0, 0, 0, .5), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)) );}
/* Compiled CSS */
.my-gradient { background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(right, rgba(0, 0, 0, .5), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)); background-image: -moz-linear-gradient(right, rgba(0, 0, 0, .5), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)); background-image: -ms-linear-gradient(right, rgba(0, 0, 0, .5), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)); background-image: -o-linear-gradient(right, rgba(0, 0, 0, .5), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)); background-image: linear-gradient(right, rgba(0, 0, 0, .5), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0));}
Resumindo
Modules, motherf*cker.
Aprenda JavaScript.
Use ferramentas e frameworks. <3
Se você chegar nesse ponto...
DOUBLE RAINBOW ALL THE WAY
OMG SO INTENSE
Thanks!@shiota | eshiota.com