as plantas: talos
TRANSCRIPT
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AS PLANTASO talo
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Parte da planta, case sempre aérea, que serve de soporte aos outros elementos.
Xeralmente ten forma cilíndrica e divídese en ponlas.
xema
Talo secundario
entrenó
nó
nó
-Suxeita ao resto dos elementos da planta.
-Conduce substancias das raices cara ás follas e das follas ao resto dos elementos, a través dos vasos.
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Corte transversal dun talo de liño:
1-médula
2-protoxilema
3-xilema primario
4-floema primario
5-febras de esclerénquima
6-tona
7-epiderme
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Corte transversal dun talo de papiro
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TIPOS DE TALOS SEGUNDO A ESTRUTURA E CONSISTENCIA
HERBÁCEOSflexibles, brandos, xeralmente ocos.
CARNOSOScon gran cantidade
de auga.
LEÑOSOSmacizos e duros, de madeira, con
aneis de crecemento e remificados.
FEBROSOS (ESTÍPE)
de febras, sen aneis de crecemento,
non medran en grosor.
Herbáceo macizo
Cana: herbáceo, oco, dividido por nós.
Cálamo: oco, sen dividir,
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Talos herbáceos
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cálamo
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cana
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cana
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Talo herbáceo máis grande: bambú, pode acadar 15 m de altura.
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Talos carnosos
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Talos carnosos
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Talo carnoso máis grande: saguaro (México) ata 20 m de altura.
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TORO: talo leñoso
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TALO LEÑOSO
Tona ou casca: estrutura de protección e illamento.
Durame: parte central do toro formada por madeira vella. As células están mortas e só realiza función de sostén.
Médula: parte central dalgunhas árbores que almacena susbtancias de reserva. Xeralmente desaparece nas árbores vellas.
Aneis anuais: están marcados polo diferente ritmo de desenvolvemento do cambium ao longo do ano
Cambium: tecido que produce as células do floema e o xilema (sistemas de transporte). É o que provoca o aumento de grosor.
Xilema: conxunto de vasos que transportan a auga e as sales minerais da raíz ás follas.
Albura: parte viva do talo, entre a tona e o durame na que aínda funcionan os vasos de transporte. Almacena substancias de reserva.
Floema: conxunto de vasos que transportan os elementos nutritivos procedentes das follas.
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Aneis de crecemento
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Circulación da saiva
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CORTIZA:
Cortiza. Sobreira
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Piñeiro rubio
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carballo
eucalipto
chopo brancobidueiro
araucariacerdeira
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O Baobad de África pode almacenar no seu toro 136.000 litros de auga.
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Toro máis alto: secuoia vermella Stratosphere Giant, con 112,34 m. California.
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ESTIPE:Talo febroso
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O talo leñoso máis longo que se coñece é o da palmeira trepadora asiática Calamus manan, de ata 185 m de lonxitude.
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TIPOS DE TALOS SEGUNDO A SÚA SITUACIÓN
AÉREOSEstán fora da terra
SUBTERRÁNEOSEstán debaixo da terra.
Dereitos
ou erguidos
Deitados
ou rastreiros
Trepadores suxéitanse enroscándose,
por medio de espiñas, gabiáns...
Tubérculo con substancias
de reserva.
Bulbo moi reducido, discoidal, con follas engrosadas.
Rizoma leñoso e horizontal,
produce talos aéreos.
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Talos dereitos
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Talos deitados
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Talos trepadores
raíces
espiñas
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Talo trepador: gabiáns
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Talo trepador (voluble)
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Talo subterráneo-tubérculo
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Talo subterráneo-bulbo
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Talo subterráneo-bulbo
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Talo subterráneo: rizoma
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Talo subterráneo: rizoma
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POSICIÓN DAS PONLAS
HORIZONTAISFormando ángulo recto.
COLGANTES ou CAÍDASFormando ángulo obtuso.
ERGUIDASFormando ángulo agudo.
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Ponlas horizontais
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Ponlas colgantes
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Ponlas erguidas
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DISTRIBUCIÓN DAS PONLAS
IRREGULARALTERNA
A distinta alturaVERTICILADA
Arredor dun punto.
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Ponlas irregulares
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Ponlas alternas
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Ponlas verticiladas
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TALOS ESPECIAIScladodios ou filocadios: semellan follas
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TALOS ESPECIAISreducidos: plantas acaules, co talo a xeito de disco a rente do chan.
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TALOS ESPECIAISescapos: talos florais nas plantas acaules.
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Espiñas protectoras
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Alimento Espárrago, pataca, xenxibre, iame, augaturma, chufa...
Condimento Canela
Madeira A maioría das árbores: construción, decoración, obxectos utilitarios, esculturas, soporte...
Papel Eucalipto, bananeira, piñeiro, papiro...
Perfumes Incenso, cedro, sándalo...
Cestos, atado, cubertas
Bimbias, rafia, cánamo, cereais...
Febras Cánamo, lianas...
Combustible Toros, ponlas, herbas secas...
Medicina Xenxibre
Varios Chicle, caucho, resinas, cortiza...
ALGÚNS TALOS ÚTILES
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espárragos
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patacas
ñame
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Tupinambo (augaturma)chufa
xenxibre
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caucho chicle
resina
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canela
cortiza
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madeira
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facendo zocos
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cestería
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combustible
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canamo
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incenso
sándalo
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Montaxe: Adela LeiroFotos: Adela Leiro, InternetDebuxos: Mon Daporta