VOL. CLXVII . . . No. 57,910 + © 2018 The New York Times Company NEW YORK, FRIDAY, MARCH 23, 2018

C M Y K Nxxx,2018-03-23,A,001,Bs-4C,E2_+

U(D54G1D)y+#!$!\!#!{

President Trump put Chinasquarely in his cross hairs onThursday, imposing tariffs on asmuch as $60 billion worth of Chi-nese goods to combat the risingthreat from a nation that theWhite House has called “an eco-nomic enemy.”

The measures are Mr. Trump’sstrongest trade action yet againsta country that he says is responsi-ble for thousands of lost Americanjobs and billions in lost revenues.Financial markets plunged onfears of a potential trade war be-tween the world’s two largesteconomies, with the Standard &

Poor’s 500-stock index droppingby 2.5 percent.

The White House said it was ta-king action in retaliation for Chi-na’s use of pressure and intimida-tion to obtain American technol-ogy and trade secrets. The meas-ures include a significant changein Mr. Trump’s looming steel andaluminum tariffs that would aimthem primarily at China.

After Mr. Trump announced themoves, China’s Ministry of Com-merce said that it was proposingtariffs of its own on 128 products

U.S. Imposes Tariffs on $60 Billion Worth of Chinese GoodsStrongest Trade Action Yet vs. ‘Economic Enemy’

Continued on Page A11

By MARK LANDLER and JIM TANKERSLEY

BEIJING — For the better partof two decades, China’s leadershave made the most of the globaltrade rules set by the UnitedStates and others, seizing on op-portunities to bolster their na-tion’s economic rise while finess-ing American complaints thatthey were not always playing fair.

Now, for the first time, Chinafaces an American president whois embracing protectionist meas-ures, and that has presented itsleader, Xi Jinping, with an extraor-dinary challenge: Even as he haselevated his status as the coun-try’s “helmsman,” with a new

mandate to rule indefinitely, theUnited States is moving to treatChina more seriously as a stra-tegic rival and to recast an eco-nomic relationship that has longbound the two countries.

The punitive actions unveiledby President Trump on Thursday— tariffs on $60 billion worth ofChinese goods, as well as new re-strictions on Chinese investmentin the United States — put Mr. Xion the spot, forcing him to con-sider retaliatory action.

On Friday, China said it was

Reply From Beijing Could Rattle Global Economy

By STEVEN LEE MYERS

Continued on Page A11

On Saturday, Rebecca Schneidplans to pull on her sneakers, slinga camera over her shoulder andmarch down Pennsylvania Ave-nue in Washington with thou-sands of other students demand-ing an end to the gun violence thathas cut through so many Ameri-

can communities.But to Ms. Schneid, a survivor

of the school shooting that killed17 people last month in Parkland,Fla., the march is just the begin-ning — a moment of politicalawakening, she hopes, that willput the nation on notice thatyoung people plan to be a greater,more organized force than teen-agers and college students in the

past.“It’s going to look like millions

and millions of people,” said Ms.Schneid, 16, who is the editor ofthe newspaper at Marjory Stone-man Douglas High School in Park-land. “And it’s going to look scaryto politicians.”

With more than 800 student-leddemonstrations planned in the

They’ve Tuned In, on Guns. Will They Turn Out?By ALEXANDER BURNSand JULIE TURKEWITZ

David Hogg, right, a Parkland, Fla., student activist, visited a school in Washington on Thursday.ERIN SCHAFF FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Continued on Page A22

Late Edition

WASHINGTON — John Dowdresigned on Thursday as Presi-dent Trump’s lead lawyer for thespecial counsel investigation asMr. Trump signaled that he wasprepared to ignore his advice andwanted a sit-down with investiga-tors.

After days of uncertaintyamong the president’s lawyersabout their status, Mr. Dowd ulti-mately broke with Mr. Trump overwhether he should agree to bequestioned in the inquiry, a personbriefed on the matter said.

Mr. Dowd viewed an interviewas too risky, but the president re-iterated shortly after Mr. Dowd re-signed that he wanted to clear hisname. “I would like to,” the presi-dent told reporters at the WhiteHouse when asked about meetingwith investigators for the specialcounsel, Robert S. Mueller III. “Iwould like to.”

Mr. Dowd’s departure clearedthe way for the president to em-brace a more aggressive posturetoward the investigation andmarked another reshuffling ofpersonnel for Mr. Trump. In themost politically consequential in-vestigation in decades, the presi-dent has refashioned his legalteam several times, a revolvingdoor that mirrors the high turn-over among senior White Houseand campaign aides.

“I love the president,” Mr. Dowdsaid in a telephone interview. “I

wish him the best of luck. I thinkhe has a really good case.”

Now, as he weighs whether tobe interviewed by Mr. Mueller, thepresident will be advised by a cad-re of lawyers better known fortheir television and advocacywork than their courtroom tri-umphs.

This week, the president hiredJoseph E. diGenova, a longtimeWashington lawyer who haspushed the theory on Fox Newsthat the F.B.I. and Justice Depart-ment framed Mr. Trump.

The former United States attor-ney in Washington, Mr. diGenovahas been on television in recentyears more than he has been incourt. He has appeared in onlythree federal criminal cases in thepast two decades, according to thenational database of federal courtrecords, and has not filed an ap-pearance in a federal criminal

Trump’s Lead Lawyer ResignsAfter President Ignores Counsel

By MICHAEL S. SCHMIDT and MAGGIE HABERMAN

John Dowd quit Thursday.BRENDAN McDERMID/REUTERS

Continued on Page A19

The Youth Army, a Kremlin creationdesigned to imprint nationalist fervor,has its critics. Kubinka Journal. PAGE A6

INTERNATIONAL A4-13

Soviet Throwback for YouthsThe Senate sealed a $1.3 trillion deal tokeep the federal government openthrough September. PAGE A20

Congress Averts Shutdown

Workers at Kennedy, La Guardia andNewark airports may see a $19 min-imum wage by the fall of 2023. PAGE A23

NEW YORK A23-25

A Wing and a Pay Raise

The No. 11 Ramblers and 98-year-oldteam chaplain Sister Jean edged No. 7Nevada to continue their run in theN.C.A.A. men’s tournament. No. 3 Mich-igan topped No. 7 Texas A&M. PAGE B10

SPORTSFRIDAY B7-11

Loyola-Chicago Stays Alive

The stage musical adaptation of theanimated blockbuster is beautiful, JesseGreen writes, and a bit confusing, too.Above, Caissie Levy as Elsa. PAGE C1

WEEKEND ARTS C1-28

‘Frozen’ Storms Broadway

South Korea arrested former PresidentLee Myung-bak on charges of bribery,embezzlement and tax evasion. PAGE A4

Ex-President Is Jailed in Seoul

Landon Donovan, the best U.S. soccerplayer of his time, is using a move to aMexican club as a chance to get toknow a country that once reviled him.The openness has been mutual. PAGE B7

U.S. Star, at Home in Mexico

Martin Shkreli went to prison for fraud,and Elizabeth Holmes hasn’t. James B.Stewart asks if that’s fair. PAGE B1

BUSINESS DAY B1-6

Divergent ConsequencesMore than 8.6 million people lived inNew York City last year, according to acity analysis of census data. PAGE A23

City’s Population Hits a Record

David Brooks PAGE A27

EDITORIAL, OP-ED A26-27

WASHINGTON — PresidentTrump named John R. Bolton, ahard-line former American am-bassador to the United Nations, ashis third national security adviseron Thursday, continuing a shake-up of his administration that cre-ates one of the most hawkish na-tional security teams of any WhiteHouse in recent history.

Mr. Bolton will replace Lt. Gen.H. R. McMaster, the battle-testedArmy officer who was tapped asMr. Trump’s second national secu-rity adviser last year to stabilize aturbulent foreign policy opera-tion. But General McMaster neverdeveloped a comfortable relation-ship with the president.

The move, which was suddenbut not unexpected, signals amore hawkish shift in Americanforeign policy at a time when Mr.Trump faces mounting challengesfrom Iran and North Korea.

The president replaced Secre-tary of State Rex W. Tillerson lastweek with the C.I.A. director, MikePompeo, a former Army officerand Tea Party congressman whohas spoken about regime changein Pyongyang and about rippingup the Iran nuclear deal.

Mr. Bolton, an outspoken hawkwho served in the George W. Bushadministration, has called for mili-tary action against Iran and NorthKorea. In an interview on Thurs-day on Fox News, soon after hisappointment was announced in apresidential tweet, he declined tosay whether Mr. Trump should gothrough with a planned meetingwith North Korea’s leader, KimJong-un.

General McMaster will retirefrom the military, ending a careerthat included senior commands inIraq and Afghanistan. He had dis-cussed his departure with Mr.Trump for several weeks, WhiteHouse officials said, but decided

to speed up his departure becausequestions about his status werecasting a shadow over his ex-changes with foreign officials.

Mr. Trump, the officials said,also wanted to fill out his nationalsecurity team before his meetingwith Mr. Kim, which is scheduledto occur by the end of May.

Mr. Bolton, who will take officeApril 9, has met regularly with Mr.Trump to discuss foreign policy.Though he has been on a list ofcandidates for the post since thebeginning of the administration,officials said Mr. Trump has hesi-tated, in part because of his nega-tive reaction to Mr. Bolton’s wal-

rus-like mustache.On Thursday, however, Mr.

Trump summoned him to the OvalOffice to discuss the job. Hours lat-er, Mr. Bolton was on Fox, wherehe has been an analyst, for a pre-scheduled interview, in which heconfessed surprise at how quicklyMr. Trump announced the ap-pointment. “This hasn’t sunk in,”he said.

The news of the appointment

Trump Chooses HawkFor 3rd Security AdviserAs Shake-Up Continues

McMaster to Resign — Choice of Bolton Signals Hard-Line Shift in Policy

By MARK LANDLER and MAGGIE HABERMAN

DIFFERENT VIEWS John R.Bolton is not always in stepwith the president. Page A18.

ALEX BRANDON/ASSOCIATED PRESS

Continued on Page A19

PHILIPPE LOPEZ/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES

Workers and students in Paris joined tens of thousands around France to protest President Emmanuel Macron’s policies. Page A13.Protests in Paris

CENTRAL ISLIP, N.Y. — ALong Island restaurateur testifiedunder oath on Thursday that hesteered tens of thousands of dol-lars to Mayor Bill de Blasio’s poli-tical campaigns in return for fa-vorable treatment by the city.

It was the first time that therestaurateur, Harendra Singh, haspublicly detailed his efforts to usecampaign contributions — asmuch as $80,000 raised from oth-ers, and much more personally byusing “straw donors” to skirt con-tribution limits — to gain betterterms during lease negotiationsfor one of his restaurants.

Mr. Singh also suggested for thefirst time that Mr. de Blasio notonly knew of the illegal arrange-ment, but that the mayor encour-aged it and actively helped therestaurateur.

“He made many phone calls,”Mr. Singh said of the mayor. “Hisoffice was working very hard,from his deputy mayor to his as-sistant to his intergovernmentalaffairs person. Everyone wasworking.”

Mr. Singh was testifying as a co-operating witness in the corrup-tion trial of Edward Mangano, theformer Nassau County executive,and John Venditto, the formerTown of Oyster Bay supervisor,both of whom Mr. Singh haspleaded guilty to bribing.

De Blasio KnewAbout Bribery,Donor TestifiesBy BRIAN M. ROSENTHAL

Continued on Page A24

The bombs planted by a white manhave raised lingering questions aboutrace, geography and class in a city thatfelt it had answered them. PAGE A17

NATIONAL A16-22

Austin After the Blasts

Today, a mix of clouds and sunshine,chilly, high 45. Tonight, clear, cold,low 31. Tomorrow, sunshine and afew clouds, another chilly day, high46. Weather map is on Page B14.

$3.00