asghar ali

8/4/2019 Asghar Ali

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/asghar-ali 1/18

Relational Database & ItsApplications

Asghar AliAD512545

8/4/2019 Asghar Ali


Click to edit Master title style

Click to edit Master text stylesSecond level

● Third level● Fourth level● Fifth level

8/4/2019 Asghar Ali


Defination

Relational databases

In relational databases, fields can be used in a number of ways (and

can be of variable length), provided that they are linked in tables. It is

developed based on a database model that provides for logical

connections among files (known as tables) by including identifying

data from one table in another table

A short definition of an RDBMS may be a DBMS in which data isstored in the form of tables and the relationship among the data isalso stored in the form of tables.

8/4/2019 Asghar Ali


Agenda

Agenda

Introduction and participants needs

We will review “what is a database;”

Understand the difference between data

and information;

What is the purpose of a database

system;

How to select a database system;

Database definitions and fundamental

building blocks;

8/4/2019 Asghar Ali


Some Definitions

A File: A group or collection of similar records, like INST6031 Fall

Student File, American History 1850-1866 file, Basic Food Group

Nutrition File

A record book: a "rolodex" of data records, like address lists,

inventory lists, classes or thematic units, or groupings of other

unique records that are combined into one list (found in

AppleWorks, FileMaker Pro software).

A field: one category of information, i.e., Name, Address, Semester

Grade, Academic topicA record: one piece of data, i.e., one student's information, a recipe,

a test question

A layout: a design for a database that contains field names and

possibly graphics.

8/4/2019 Asghar Ali


Fundamental building blocks

Tables comprise the fundamental building blocks Tables comprise the fundamentalbuilding blocks of any database. If you're familiar with

spreadsheets, you'll find database tables extremely similar. Take a look at thisexample of

a table sample database:

The table above contains the employee information for our organization --characteristics

like name, date of birth and title. Examine the construction of the table and you'll findthat

each column of the table corresponds to a specific employee characteristic (or attribute in

database terms). Each row corresponds to one particular employee and contains hisor her

information. That's all there is to it! If it helps, think of each one of these tables as a

spreadsheet-style listing of information.

Fundamental building blocks

8/4/2019 Asghar Ali


Agenda (2)

Database development: the first steps;

Quality control issues;Data entry considerations;

8/4/2019 Asghar Ali


What is a database

A database is any organized collection of

data. Some examples of databases you

may encounter in your daily life are:

a telephone book

T.V. Guide

airline reservation system

motor vehicle registration records papers in your filing cabinet

files on your computer hard drive.

8/4/2019 Asghar Ali


Data vs. information:What is the difference?

What is data?

Data can be defined inmany ways. Information

science defines data as

unprocessed information.

8/4/2019 Asghar Ali


information:

What is information?

Information is data that

have been organized and

communicated in a

coherent and meaningful

manner.

Data is converted into

information, and

information is converted

into knowledge.

Knowledge; information

evaluated and organized

so that it can be used

purposefully.

8/4/2019 Asghar Ali


Why do we need a database?

Keep records of our:

Clients

Staff Volunteers

To keep a record of activities

and interventions;

Keep sales records;

Develop reports;

Perform research

Longitudinal tracking

8/4/2019 Asghar Ali


What is the ultimate purpose of a database management

What is the ultimate purpose of

a database managementsystem?

Data Information Knowledge Action

Is to transform

8/4/2019 Asghar Ali


More about database definition

What is a database?

Quite simply, it’s an organized collection of data.

A database management system (DBMS) such

as Access, FileMaker, Lotus Notes, Oracle or

SQL Server which provides you with the

software tools you need to organize that data in

a flexible manner. It includes tools to add,

modify or delete data from the database, ask

questions (or queries) about the data stored in

the database and produce reports summarizing

selected contents.

8/4/2019 Asghar Ali


Let’s explore some examples

Outlook contacts

Aspira Association MISKidTrax

GIS-GPS systems

8/4/2019 Asghar Ali


Types of Databases

Non-relational databases place information in field categories that we create so

that information is available for sorting and disseminating the way we need it.

The data in a non-relational database, however, is limited to that program and

cannot be extracted and applied to a number of other software programs, or

other database files within a school or administrative system. The data

can only be "copied and pasted.“ Example: a spread sheet

Relational databases

In relational databases, fields can be used in a number of ways (and

can be of variable length), provided that they are linked in tables. It is

developed based on a database model that provides for logical

connections among files (known as tables) by including identifying

data from one table in another table

8/4/2019 Asghar Ali


Selecting a DatabaseManagement System

Database management systems (or DBMSs) can be divided into

two categories -- desktop databases and server databases.

Generally speaking, desktop databases are oriented toward

single-user applications and reside on standard personal

computers (hence the term desktop).

Server databases contain mechanisms to ensure the reliability

and consistency of data and are geared toward multi-user

applications.

8/4/2019 Asghar Ali


Selecting a database system:

Need Analysis

The needs analysis process will be specific to your organization but, at

a minimum, should answer the following questions:

How many records we will warehouse and for how long?

Who will be using the database and what tasks will they perform?

How often will the data be modified? Who will make these

modifications?

Who will be providing IT support for the database?

What hardware is available? Is there a budget for purchasing

additional hardware?

Who will be responsible for maintaining the data?

Will data access be offered over the Internet? If so, what level of

access should be supported?

8/4/2019 Asghar Ali


Thank You

Have a Great Day

asghar ali

Documents