Saturday, March 7, 2009

ASHRAE Guide for Buildings in Hot & Humid Climage Humidity Challenges Humidity wall paper humidity High-Tech Production Factories Seminar New & ExistingBuildings in Hot and Humid Climates ASHRAE president 2006-07 Mr. Terry E. Townsend, (P.E., Fellow ASHRAE)

The ASHRAE Guide for Buildings in Hot & HumidClimates BCA Acamedy NUS Professor Professor S.K. Chou Enhancement of the Envelope Thermal TransferValue Criterion for Improved Energy Performance of Buildings ( ) North America mold () (money)

1. The ASHRAE Guide for Buildings in Hot & Humid Climates keyword Moisture (), mold (), humidity (),dehumidification ( ), sustainability ( ), energy reduction () , moisture management ( ), hot and humid climates ()

The expanded second edition of The ASHRAE Guide for Buildings in Hot and Humid Climates triples thesize of this popular reference, adding information on building enclosures, dehumidification,sustainability, mold avoidance, energy reduction, and much moreall tightly focused on the needs ofowners, architects, and engineers who build and manage buildings in hot and humid climates. Thebook includes six chapters that discuss critical crosscutting issues for architecture, engineering, andbuilding management along with eleven chapters of detailed and practical solutions to everydayproblems in each area. This expanded second edition provides a richly illustrated summary of thestate of the art in building science, moisture management, and techniques for reducing energyconsumption in hot and humid climates, all based on real-world field experience as well as on recentASHRAE research. The expanded second edition is written and illustrated by Lew Harriman, the leadauthor of ASHRAEs well-known Humidity Control Design Guide, and by Joe Lstiburek, ASHRAE Fellowand the author of the irreverent and popular Building Science column in the ASHRAE Journal.

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HVACHVAC: Introduction to DesignHVAC: Building in Hot & Humid ClimateM&E Basics: Pipe & Duct SizingHVAC: Duct Sizing with VBAHVAC: Duct Sizing

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Related Products: Humidity Control Design GuideFormat: Hard cover, 8.5" x 11"Keywords: moisture, mold, humidity, dehumidification, sustainability, energy reduction, moisturemanagement, hot and humid climates

Publisher: ASHRAE

Year: 2009

Author: Lewis G. Harriman, III, and Joseph W. Lstiburek

Number of Pages: 316

ISBN/ISSN: 978-1-933-742-43-4

Sponsor: TC 1.12, Moisture Management in Buildings

2. Lstiburek's Guide to Solving IAQ Problems IAQ (Indoor Air Quality) IAQ Lstiburek IAQ

1. If it smells it probably is bad

2. Not everything that is bad smells (Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ozone )

3. Vent combustion sources Dryer, Engine combustion sources vent COx, NOx Pollutant

4. Construct a tight enclosure enclosure moisture Infiltrate ()

5. Keep things form getting wet, hot or exposed to UV. Isolate those that do from occupants. ( ) UV

6. Control indoor humidity Humidity Humidity Space Humidity SurfaceHumidity

7. Maintain stinky places/ things (eg. Bathrooms, kitchens, elevator shafts & trash chutes)under a negative pressure. ( elevator shafts trash chutes, etc.) ( Exhaust ) negative pressure

8. Keep things & spaces clean

9. Filter for people not just equipment Filter

10. Ventilate for people, not just the building (Source control ventilation will handle the building) ventilate () Source control ventilation

11. Don't do stupid things to your building

3. Improving Thermal Comfort Humidity Occupants Comfort Level Thermally Comfort Thermal Comfort HVAC Systems: Introduction to Design ASHRAE Standard 55: Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy Hot & Humid Climate Thermal Confort

Engineering ExamsUSA: EIT and FE Exam

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HVAC: Duct Sizing with VBASwimming Pools ( )

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A. Key Suggestions

1. Insulation enclosure Solar Heat Glare ( ) exterior shading ( )

2. 23.3C (74F) 26.1C (79F) Humidity Occupants Comfort Level Indoor Dew Point 12.8C (55F)

3. Air Handling systems different/dynamic changing internal heat loads AHU (Chilled Water) operate AHU

B. Thermal Comfort 1. Shaded Windows= Improved Comfort & Reduced Glare

Radiant Heat Glare Peak Load

2. Less East & West Glass= Better Comfort Solar Load Cooling systems Operating cost

3. Comfort Unlikely in 'Glass Boxes' well insulated wall Comfort complaint probability Mechanical Systems Construction, Operating and Maintenance Cost

4. Tight, Well-constructed Exterior Walls Avoids Sharp Changes in Interior Conditions

Infiltration mold

5. High Ceilings and Personal Fans Allow Low-cost ComfortTemperature Stratification Ideal Ceiling Height = 3.65mIdeal Fan Blade Height = 3.0m

6. One Fan per Floor = Better Comfort + Simpler Systems Fan (AHU) Comfort Systems

Occupancy Schedules Heat Load Multiple Area Energy Cost

C. HVAC Systems1. HVAC Design

Indoor Design 24C 26C Dew point 12.8C (55F) Equipment Cooling Capacity Multiple-stages ()modulating capability Supply Air Stream Noise Chilling Effect Occupant ( Control ) Cold Air Direct Blow

2. Dry Ventilation Air Helps Avoid Temperature SwingsDedicated Outside Air System (DOAS) Ventilation

Air AC Equipments Dewpoint 12.8C (55F) Treatment Filter Cooling Equipment humidity SensibleLoad US Dedicated Outdoor AirDehumidification System Federal Buildings DedicatedVentilation dehumidification equipment 2003 humidity Dew point 12.8C (55F) O/A Dew point 10.0C (50F) Treatment

3. Constantly Cold Coil also Dry Air EffectivelyCooling Coil or Desiccant Dehumidifier controlled with a humidistat vs thermostatVAV Systems with Constantly Cold Coil

Supply Air Dew Point is Low enough (12.8C (55F))Supply Air Dew Point Indoor Dew Point Coilstays cold re-heat waste heat (refrig condenser or heatrecovery wheel)

4. Drier Air Expands the Comfort Range in Mixed Uses Humidity

5. Capacity Modulation Avoids Sharp Changes Stop Overshooting Desired ConditionsStop Oversizing Cooling Equipment - Size at or under "Peak Load" Peak Load Operating hour 99% Designer 10-20% temperature Cost comfort Variable-Speed Motors (or) Multiple Stage of equipment Capacity () Capacity Comfort Split Cooling Load between several pieces of equipments (vs) One Large Piece/componentEquipment Load equipment most expensive Comfort Energy use (reliability) Equipment Load equipment Comfort Energy use (reliability) Ensure that a component in system responds to a humidstat control of dew pointconditionsCooling System Humidity 12.8C (55F) Humidistat respond Dedicated humidification equipment Heat Load Humidity

6. Higher Velocity VAV Diffusers Avoid "Cold Air Dumping" (use with non-sleeping areas)Low velocities cause " Cold Air Columns"High Velocity Loud Diffusers non-sleeping area Comfort Productivity Diffusers Peak Design Flow Low Load Condition Air Flow

Mixed "Cold Column" Occupant Comfort Benefit to having "White Noise" generation High Velocity Diffuser Low-Level"White Noise"

4. Managing Ventilation Air Outdoor Air (O/A) Breathing Zone Breathing Zone 3" 72" (75 & 1800mm) () Fixed air-conditioning equipment 2 ft. (600mm) Ventilation Air Pollutants

A. Key Suggestions

1. Ventilation System ASHRAE Standard 62.1: Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality ASHRAE 62.1 User Manual size

2. (O/A) Dew point 12.8C (55F) Dehumidify (Dry) 3. MERV-8 Filter O/A

MERV-11 Filter Carbon Filter()

4. O/A Modulate () Energy Cost Ventilation Amount Timer CO2 Sensor Motion sensor sense modulate

5. Waste Energy Recover Cold & dry exhaust air recover Sensible Heat Recover Heat Exchanger Sensible Latent recover Energy (Enthalpy) Wheel

B. Dehumidification and Air CleaningVentilation Air Condition Pollutant Dilute dry Breathing Zone Ventilation Air Humidity Load Total peak humidity load 60% humidity Dew point 12.8C (55F) HVAC Engineer DOAS Federal Buildings Dedicated Ventilationdehumidification equipment 2003 O/A Dew point 10.0C (50F) Treatment Designer DOAS humidity control cooling system Designer Cooling systems Cooling systems Cooling dry Absolute Humidity (or Dew PointTemperature) Humidistat respond energy saving higher thermostat setting coolingsystems humidity Filter Filter Efficiency ASHRAE MERV Rating MERV Chart ASHRAE Standard 62.1 O/A MERV-8 Filter Commercial Building MERV-8 MERV-11 Filter MERV-8 MERV-13 Ground Level Ozone Clean Air smog 0.08ppm (8 hour avg) or 0.12 (1 hour avg)

carbon filter

C. Ventilation RateVentilation rate ASHRAE Standard 62.1: Ventilationfor Acceptable Indoor Air Quality

Ventilation Rates ( ) contaminants Ventilation Rates= Occupancy+ Area Factors Occupancy density ventilation rate () pdfdownload Free Online Preview Rate LEED ASHRAE 62.1 30% % Customer HVAC Maintenance Access 12.8C (55F) Dew Point 65%RHupper Limit Commissioning, Documentation & Maintenance VentilationSystem performance Local Codes: Ventilation rate rate ASHRAE 62.1

Singapore: CP 13Malaysia: Uniform Building Bylaw

Mold Energy Recovery Dry and Cold Air Totalenergy recovery Ventilation rate US Office Buildings 510 ASHRAE 62

D. Ventilation System Maintenance1. Outdoor Air Filter 2. O/A damper Position Operation 3. O/A sensor re-calibrate ( ) Humidity

Sensor accuracy 5% RH 15% RH

4. Coil, Drain Pans damp duct interior

5. Energy Consumption Reduction1. Minimize exterior glazing, install low-e glass and shade it.

(Direct) () (Diffuse) Heat transfer low-e

glass Shade 2. Avoid West facing glazing ( ) 3. Design glazing to allow daylighting of perimeter. perimeter (

) glazing ( Shade

4. Exterior enclosure must be air tight. moisture energy save

5. Commissioning building and systems. Systems Function and performance commissioning design

6. Seal all ducts and plenums. Air duct Plenum Energy seal

7. Match ventilation to building's occupancy. ventilation

8. Capture & re-use heat from cooling equipment & exhaust air. heat Cold &dry exhaust Energy

9. Control indoor dew point temperature. Dew point temperature 10. Provide ongoing-commissioning of systems. systems

ongoing-commissioning ( )

Energy Efficiency ASHRAE 90.1 Free Preview ASHRAE Publications [http://www.ashrae.org/publications/page/1285] Preview Popular ASHRAE Standards

()

For Further Readings1. High Performing Buildings

ASHRAE Energy-efficient design and Operation Decision maker Building community Sustainabilitymovement ASHRAE Website (Free) Download

2. Advanced Energy Design Guides Free DownloadBuilding Energy Advanced Energy Guide Series ASHRAE Website (Free) Download

Small OfficesSmall RetailWarehousesK-12 Schools

Highway LodgingHealthcare Facilities

Small Warehouses and Self-Storage Buildings

For warehouses up to 50,000 ft2 and self-storage buildings thatuse unitary heating and air-conditioning equipment, whichrepresent a significant amount of commercial warehouse spacein the U.S. I-P units.

K-12 School BuildingsFor elementary, middle, and high school buildings, which have awide variety of heating and air-conditioning requirements.Options for daylighting, an important component in schools, areincluded.I-P units.

Small Retail Buildings

For retail buildings up to 20,000 ft2, the bulk of retail space in theU.S. Addresses typical uses: retail (other than shopping malls);strip shopping centers; automobile dealers; building material,garden supply, and hardware stores; department stores;drugstores; equipment and home furnishing stores; liquorstores; and wholesale goods (except food). I-P units.

Small Office Buildings

For office buildings up to 20,000 ft2 the bulk of office space inthe U.S.; and provides benefits and savings for the buildingowner while maintaining quality and functionality of the officespace. Awards: USGBC 2005 Leadership Award; Stars of EnergyEfficiency Award, Honorable Mention (Alliance to Save Energy);and Best Sustainable Practice Award, Honorable Mention(SBIC). I-P units.

3. ASHRAE PublicationsASHRAE Publications [http://www.ashrae.org/publications/page/1285] PreviewPopular ASHRAE Standards ASHRAE Online Learning Short Courses ASHRAE 55 HVACSystems: Thermal Comfort (I-P) Free Free

Web-Links

1. HVAC Systems: Introduction to Design[ http://chawlwin.blogspot.com/2008/10/hvac01design.html ]

2. ASHRAE Standard 55: Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy [ http://www.ashrae.org/publications/ ]

3. ASHRAE Online Learning : Look for Short Courses: HVAC Systems: Thermal Comfort (I-P)[ http://www.ashrae-elearning.org/catalog.php ]

4. ASHRAE Standard 62.1: Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality [ http://openpub.realread.com/rrserver/browser?title=/ASHRAE_1/ashrae_62_1_2007_1280 ]

5. ASHRAE MERV Rating [ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimum_Efficiency_Reporting_Value ]

6. MERV Chart[ http://www.pureairsystems.com/103_2.html ]7. Clean Air [ http://chawlwin.blogspot.com/2009/01/clean-air.html ]8. Free Preview [ http://www.ashrae.org/publications/page/1285 ]9. High Performing Buildings [ http://www.hpbmagazine.org/ ]

10. Advanced Energy Design Guides Free Download [ http://www.ashrae.org/publications/page/1604 ]

Posted by Ko Chaw - at 12:09 AM

Labels: Environment, HVAC, Singapore

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Anonymous said...

Dear Ko. Chaw,Please kindly guide to us, how to get ASHRAE Member.Best RegardsHein

April 30, 2009 at 1:04 AM

said...Dear Hein,I will publish a short article in May 2009..

May 14, 2009 at 6:56 PM