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ASP.NET interview questions

1. What does the Orientation property do in a Menu control?

Orientation property of the Menu control sets the display of menu on a Web page to vertical or

horizontal.Originally the orientation is set to vertical.

. !i""erentiate #etween$

a.%&lient'side and server'side validations in We# pa(es.

- Client-side validations happends at the client's side with the help of Javacript and !"cript.

#his happens before the Web page is sent to the server.- erver-side validations occurs place at the server side.

#.%Authentication and authori)ation.

- $uthentication is the process of verifyng the identity of a user using some credentials li%e

username and password while authorization determines the parts of the system to which a

particular identity has access.

- $uthentication is re&uired before authorization.

or e.g. (f an employee authenticates himself with his credentials on a system) authorization willdetermine if he has the control over *ust publishing the content or also editing it.

*.a.% What does the .We#Part "ile do?

(t e+plains the settings of a Web ,arts control that can be included to a specified zone on a Web

page.

#.% +ow would you ena#le i,personation in the we#.con"i( "ile?

(n order to enable the impersonation in the web.confing file) ta%e the following steps- (nclude the identity/ element in the web.config file.

- et the impersonate attribute to true as shown below

identity impersonate 0 1true1 2/

-. a.% !i""erentiate #etween

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a.%ile'#ased dependency and /ey'#ased dependency.

- (n file-based dependency) the dependency is on a file saved in a dis% while in %ey-based

dependency) you depend on another cached item.

#.% 0lo#ali)ation and locali)ation.

- 3lobalization is a techni&ue to identify the part of a Web application that is different for

different languages and separate it out from the web application while in localization you try to

configure a Web application so that it can be supported for a specific language or locale.

. a.%!i""erentiate #etween a pa(e the,e and a (lo#al the,e?

- ,age theme applies to a particular web pages of the pro*ect. (t is stored inside a subfolder of the$pp4#hemes folder.

- 3lobal theme applies to all the web applications on the web server. (t is stored inside the

#hemes folder on a Web server.

#.%What are We# server controls in ASP.NET?

- #hese are the ob*ects on $,.56# pages that run when the Web page is re&uested.

- ome of these Web server controls) li%e button and te+t bo+) are similar to the 7#M8 controls.

- ome controls e+hibit comple+ behavior li%e the controls used to connect to data sources and

display data.

2. a.% !i""erentiate #etween a +yper3in/ control and a 3in/4utton control.

- $ 7yper8in% control does not have the Clic% and Command events while the 8in%"uttoncontrol has them) which can be handled in the code-behind file of the Web page.

#.% +ow do &oo/ies wor/? 0ive an e5a,ple o" their a#use.

- #he server directs the browser to put some files in a coo%ie. $ll the coo%ies are then sent for thedomain in each re&uest.

- $n e+ample of coo%ie abuse could be a case where a large coo%ie is stored affecting the

networ% traffic.

6. a.% What are &usto, 7ser &ontrols in ASP.NET?

- #hese are the controls defined by developers and wor% similart to other web server controls.

- #hey are a mi+ture of custom behavior and predefined behavior.

#.% What is 8ole'#ased security?

- 9sed in almost all organization) the :ole-based security assign certain privileges to each role.

- 6ach user is assigned a particular role from the list.

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- ,rivileges as per role restrict the user's actions on the system and ensure that a user is able to do

only what he is permitted to do on the system.

9. What are the +TM3 server controls in ASP.NET?

- 7#M8 server controls are similar to the standard 7#M8 elements li%e those used in 7#M8pages.

- #hey e+pose properties and events for programatical use.

- #o ma%e these controls programmatically accessible) we specify that the 7#M8 controls act asa server control by adding the runat01server1 attribute.

:. a.% What are the various types o" &oo/ies in ASP.NET?

#here e+ist two types of coo%ies in $,.56#

- ession Coo%ie - (t resides on the machine of the client for a single session and wor%s until the

user logs out of the session.- ,ersistent Coo%ie - (t resides on the machine of a user for a specified period. #his period can be

set up manually by the user.

#.% +ow would you turn o"" coo/ies on one pa(e o" your we#site?

- #his can be done by using the Coo%ie.;iscard property.

- (t 3ets or sets the discard flag set by the server.

- When set to true) this property instructs the client application not to save the Coo%ie on the harddis% of the user at the end of the session.

c.% +ow would you create a per,anent coo/ie?

- ,ermanent coo%ies are stored on the hard dis% and are available until a specified e+piration date

is reached.

- #o create a coo%ie that never e+pires set its 6+pires property e&ual to ;ate#ime.ma+!alue.

1;. a.% E5plain &ulture and 7

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- Web orms are an e+tremely important part of $,.56#.

- #hey are the 9ser (nterface

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#here can be two types of assemblies.

i.= tatic assemblies -

- #hey are stored on dis% in portable e+ecutable files.

- (t includes .56# ramewor% types li%e interfaces and classes) resources for the assembly

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(t is a system where a run-time component ta%es responsibility for managing the lifetime of

ob*ects and the heap memory that they occupy.

#.% E5plain seriali)ation and deseriali)ation.

- erialization is the process of converting an ob*ect into a stream of bytes.- ;eserialization is the process of creating an ob*ect from a stream of bytes.

"oth these processes are usually used to transport ob*ects.

;. What are the various session state ,ana(e,ent options provided #y ASP.NET?

- $,.56# provides two session state management options - (n-,rocess and Out-of-,rocess state

management.

- (n-,rocess stores the session in memory on the web server.

- Out-of-,rocess stores data in an e+ternal data source. #his data source may be a B8 erver or

a tate erver service. Out-of-,rocess state management needs all ob*ects stored in session to beserializable.

ASP.NET interview questions - Jan 04, 2011 at 05:16 PM ! "a#u$

!escri#e how Passport authentication wor/s.

$,.56# application with ,assport authentication implemented chec%s the users machine for acurrent passport authentication coo%ie. (f it is not available) $,.56# directs the user to a

,assport sign-on page. #he ,assport service authenticates the user) stores an authentication

coo%ie on the users computer and direct the user to the re&uested page.

E5plain the steps to #e "ollowed to use Passport authentication.

D. (nstall the ,assport ;A.

E. et the applications authentication mode to ,assport in Web.config.

?. et authorization to deny unauthenticated users.?. 9se the ,assport$uthentication4On$uthenticate event to access the users ,assport profile to

identify and authorize the user.

F. (mplement a sign-out procedure to remove ,assport coo%ies from the users machine.

E5plain the advanta(es o" Passport authentication.

9ser doesnt have to remember separate user names and passwords for various Web sites9ser can maintain his or her profile information in a single location.

,assport authentication also avail access to various Microsoft services) such as ,assport 6+press

,urchase.

What is cachin(?

http://careerride.com/profile.aspx?Name=Rahul&Id=1408http://careerride.com/profile.aspx?Name=Rahul&Id=1408

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Caching is the techni&ue of storing fre&uently used items in memory so that they can be accessed

more &uic%ly.

"y caching the response) the re&uest is served from the response already stored in memory.(ts important to choose the items to cache wisely as Caching incurs overhead.

$ Web form that is fre&uently used and does not contain data that fre&uently changes is good for

caching.$ cached web form freezes forms server-side content and changes to that content do not appear

until the cache is refreshed.

$dvanced $sp.net interview &uestions

$,.56# practice test

E5plain the use o" duration attri#ute o" >Output&ache pa(e directive.

#he GOutputCache directives ;uration attribute determines how long the page is cached.

(f the duration attribute is set to >H seconds) the Web form is cached for >H secondsI the server

loads the response in memory and retains that response for >H seconds.$ny re&uests during that time receive the cached response.

Once the cache duration has e+pired) the ne+t re&uest generates a new response and cached for

another >H seconds.

$,.56# interview test -

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$,.56# ma%es development simpler and easier to maintain with an event-driven) server-side

programming model.

"eing part of .ramewor%) it has access to all the features of .5et ramewor%.

Content and program logic are separated which reduces the inconveniences of program

maintenance.

$,.56# ma%es for easy deployment. #here is no need to register components because the

configuration information is built-in.

#o develop program logic) a developer can choose to write their code in more than EK .5etlanguages including !".5et) CL) Jcript.5et etc.

(ntroduction of view state helps in maintaining state of the controls automatically between the

postbac%s events.

$,.56# offers built-in security features through windows authentication or otherauthentication methods.

(ntegrated with $;O.56#.

"uilt-in caching features.

*. E5plain the di""erent parts that constitute ASP.NET application.

Answer$

Content) program logic and configuration file constitute an $,.56# application.

Content files

Content files include static te+t) images and can include elements from database.

,rogram logic

,rogram logic files e+ist as ;88 file on the server that responds to the user actions.

Configuration file

Configuration file offers various settings that determine how the application runs on the server.

-. !escri#e the sequence o" action ta/es place on the server when ASP.NET application

starts "irst ti,e

Answer$

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ollowing are the se&uences

(( starts $,.56# wor%er process - wor%er process loads assembly in the memory - (( sendsthe re&uest to the assembly - the assembly composes a response using program logic - (( returns

the response to the user in the form of 7#M8.

. E5plain the co,ponents o" we# "or, in ASP.NET

Answer$

erver controls#he server controls are 7yperte+t Mar%up 8anguage

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$n assembly e+ists as a .;88 or .6@6 that contains M(8 code that is e+ecuted by C8:. $n

assembly contains interface and classes) it can also contain other resources li%e bitmaps) files etc.

(t carries version details which are used by the C8: during e+ecution. #wo assemblies of thesame name but with different versions can run side-by-side enabling applications that depend on

a specific version to use assembly of that version. $n assembly is the unit on which permissions

are granted. (t can be private or global. $ private assembly is used only by the application towhich it belongs) but the global assembly can be used by any application in the system.

#he four parts of an assembly are

$ssembly Manifest - (t contains name) version) culture) and information about referenced

assemblies.

#ype metadata - (t contains information about types defined in the assembly.

M(8 - M(8 code.

:esources - iles such as "M, or J,3 file or any other files re&uired by application.

9. !e"ine &o,,on Type Syste,.

Answer$

.5et allows developers to write program logic in at least EK languages. #he classes written in onelanguage can be used by other languages in .5et. #his service of .5et is possible through C#

which ensure the rules related to data types that all language must follow. (t provides set of types

that are used by all .56# languages and ensures .56# language type compatibility.

:. !e"ine =irtual "older.

Answer$

(t is the folder that contains web applications. #he folder that has been published as virtual folder

by (( can only contain web applications.

1;. !escri#e the Events in the 3i"e &ycle o" a We# Application

Answer$

$ web application starts when a browser re&uests a page of the application first time. #he re&uestis received by the (( which then starts $,.56# wor%er process

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postbac% event that causes the browser to send the page data) also called as view state to the

server. When server receives view state) it creates new instance of the web form. #he data is then

restored from the view state to the control of the web form in ,age4(nit event.

#he data in the control is then available in the ,age4load event of the web form. #he cached

event is then handled and finally the event that caused the postbac% is processed. #he web formis then destroyed. When the user stops using the application) ession4end event occurs and

session ends. #he default session time is EH minutes. #he application ends when no user

accessing the application and this triggers $pplication46nd event. inally all the resources of theapplication are reclaimed by the 3arbage collector.

11. What are the ways o" preservin( data on a We# or, in ASP.NET?

Answer$

$,.56# has introduced view state to preserve data between postbac% events. !iew state can't

avail data to other web form in an application. #o provide data to other forms) you need to savedata in a state variable in the application or session ob*ects.

1. !e"ine application state varia#le and session state varia#le.

Answer$

#hese ob*ects provide two levels of scope

$pplication tate

;ata stored in the application ob*ect can be shared by all the sessions of the application.

$pplication ob*ect stores data in the %ey value pair.

ession tateession tate stores session-specific information and the information is visible within the session

only. $,.56# creates uni&ue session(d for each session of the application. ession(;s are

maintained either by an 7##, coo%ie or a modified 9:8) as set in the applications

configuration settings. "y default) ession(; values are stored in a coo%ie.

1*. !escri#e the application event handlers in ASP.NET

$nswer

ollowing are the application event handlers

$pplication4tart #his event occurs when the first user visits a page of the application.$pplication46nd #his event occurs when there are no more users of the application.

$pplication4"egin:e&uest #his occurs at the beginning of each re&uest to the server.

$pplication46nd:e&uest occurs at the end of each re&uest to the server.

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ession4tart #his event occurs every time when any new user visits.

ession46nd occurs when the users stop re&uesting pages and their session times out.

1-. What are the We# or, Events availa#le in ASP.NET?

$nswer

,age4(nit

,age48oad

,age4,re:ender

,age49nload,age4;isposed

,age46rror

,age4$bort#ransaction,age4Commit#ransaction

,age4;ata"inding

1. !escri#e the Server &ontrol Events o" ASP.NET.

$nswer

$,.56# offers many server controls li%e button) te+tbo+) ;rop;own8ist etc. 6ach control can

respond to the user's actions using events and event handler mechanism.

#here are three types of server control events

,ostbac% events

#his events sends the web page to the server for processing. Web page sends data bac% to thesame page on the server.

Cached events

#hese events are processed when a postbac% event occurs.

!alidation events#hese events occur *ust before a page is posted bac% to the server.

12. +ow do you chan(e the session ti,e'out value?

$nswer

#he session time-out value is specified in the web.config file within sessionstate element. ou

can change the session time-out setting by changing value of timeout attribute of sessionstateelement in web.config file.

16. !escri#e how ASP.NET ,aintains process isolation "or each We# application

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$nswer

(n $,.56#) when (( receives a re&uest) (( uses aspnet4isapi.dll to call the $,.56# wor%er

process

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erver-side state management

#his %ind of mechanism retains state in the server.

$pplication tate

#he data stored in the application ob*ect can be shared by all the sessions of the application.

$pplication ob*ect stores data in the %ey value pair.

ession tate

ession tate stores session-specific information and the information is visible within the sessiononly. $,.56# creates uni&ue session(d for each session of the application. ession(;s are

maintained either by an 7##, coo%ie or a modified 9:8) as set in the applications

configuration settings. "y default) ession(; values are stored in a coo%ie.

;atabase

;atabase can be used to store large state information. ;atabase support is used in combination

with coo%ies or session state.

;. E5plain the di""erence #etween Server control and +TM3 control.

$nswer

erver events

erver control events are handled in the server whereas 7#M8 control events are handled in the

page.

tate management

erver controls can maintain data across re&uests using view state whereas 7#M8 controls have

no such mechanism to store data between re&uests.

"rowser detectionerver controls can detect browser automatically and adapt display of control accordingly

whereas 7#M8 controls cant detect browser automatically.

,ropertieserver controls contain properties whereas 7#M8 controls have attributes only.

1. What are the validation controls availa#le in ASP.NET?

$nswer

$,.56# validation controls are

:e&uiredield!alidator #his validates controls if controls contain data.

Compare!alidator #his allows chec%ing if data of one control match with other control.

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:ange!alidator #his verifies if entered data is between two values.

:egular6+pression!alidator #his chec%s if entered data matches a specific format.

Custom!alidator !alidate the data entered using a client-side script or a server-side code.

!alidationummary #his allows developer to display errors in one place.

. !e"ine the steps to set up validation control.

$nswer

ollowing are the steps to set up validation control

;rag a validation control on a web form.

et the Control#o!alidate property to the control to be validated.

(f you are using Compare!alidator) you have to specify the Control#oCompare property.pecify the error message you want to display using 6rrorMessage property.

ou can use !alidationummary control to show errors at one place.

*. What are the navi(ation ways #etween pa(es availa#le in ASP.NET?

$nswer

Ways to navigate between pages are

7yperlin% control

:esponse.:edirect methoderver.#ransfer methoderver.6+ecute method

Window.Open script method

-. +ow do you open a pa(e in a new window?

$nswer

#o open a page in a new window) you have to use client script using onclic%01window.open

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$uthentication #he process of validating the identity of a user.

2. !e"ine cachin(.

$nswer

Caching is the techni&ue of storing fre&uently used items in memory so that they can be accessed

more &uic%ly. Caching techni&ue allows to store2cache page output or application data on the

client on the server. #he cached information is used to serve subse&uent re&uests that avoid the

overhead of recreating the same information. #his enhances performance when same informationis re&uested many times by the user.

6. !e"ine coo/ie.

$nswer

$ coo%ie is a small file on the client computer that a web application uses to maintain current

session information. Coo%ies are used to identity a user in a future session.

9. What is dele(ate?

$nswer

$ delegate acts li%e a strongly type function pointer. ;elegates can invo%e the methods that they

reference without ma%ing e+plicit calls to those methods. (t is type safe since it holds reference

of only those methods that match its signature. 9nli%e other classes) the delegate class has a

signature. ;elegates are used to implement event programming model in .56# application.;elegates enable the methods that listen for an event) to be abstract.

:. E5plain E5ception handlin( in .Net.

$nswer6+ceptions or errors are unusual occurrences that happen within the logic of an application. #he

C8: has provided structured way to deal with e+ceptions using #ry2Catch bloc%. $,.56#

supports some facilities to handling e+ceptions using events suc% as ,age46rror and$pplication46rror.

*;. What is i,personation?

$nswer

(mpersonation means delegating one user identity to another user. (n $,.56#) the anonymous

users impersonate the $,56# user account by default. ou can use identity/ element ofweb.config file to impersonate user. 6.g. identity impersonate01true12/

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*1. What is ,ana(ed code in .Net?

$nswer

#he code that runs under the guidance of common language runtime

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#racing is the way to maintain events in an application. (t is useful while the application is in

debugging or in the testing phase. #he trace class in the code is used to diagnose problem. ou

can use trace messages to your pro*ect to monitor events in the released version of theapplication. #he trace class is found in the ystem.;iagnostics namespace. $,.56# introduces

tracing that enables you to write debug statements in your code) which still remain in the code

even after when it is deployed to production servers.

*6. !e"ine =iew State.

$nswer

$,.56# preserves data between postbac% events using view state. ou can save a lot of coding

using view state in the web form. !iewtate serialize the state of ob*ects and store in a hidden

field on the page. (t retains the state of server-side ob*ects between postbac%s. (t represents thestatus of the page when submitted to the server. "y default) view state is maintained for each

page. (f you do not want to maintain the !iewtate) include the directive NG ,age

6nable!iewtate01false1 N/ at the top of an .asp+ page or add the attribute6nable!iewtate01false1 to any control. !iewtate e+ist for the life of the current page.

*9. What is application do,ain?

$nswer

(t is the process space within which $,.56# application runs. 6very application has its own

process space which isolates it from other application. (f one of the application domains throwserror it does not affect the other application domains.

*:. 3ist down the sequence o" ,ethods called durin( the pa(e load.

$nswer

(nit

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M(8 is the Microsoft (ntermediate 8anguage. $ll .5et languages' e+ecutable e+ists as M(8

which gets converted into machine specific language using J(# compiler *ust before e+ecution.

-. 8esponse.8edirect vs Server.Trans"er

$nswer

erver.#ransfer is only applicable for asp+ files. (t transfers page processing to another page

without ma%ing round-trip bac% to the client's browser. ince no round trips) it offers faster

response and doesn't update client url history list.

:esponse.:edirect is used to redirect to another page or site. #his performs a trip bac% to the

client where the clients browser is redirected to the new page.

-*. E5plain Session state ,ana(e,ent options in ASP.NET.

$nswer

$,.56# provides (n-,rocess and Out-of-,rocess state management. (n-,rocess stores thesession in memory on the web server. Out-of-,rocess ession state management stores data in an

e+ternal data source such as B8 erver or a tate erver service. Out-of-,rocess state

management re&uires that all ob*ects stored in session are serializable.

--. +ow to turn o"" coo/ies "or a pa(e?

$nswer

Coo%ie.;iscard ,roperty when true) instructs the client application not to save the Coo%ie on theuser's hard dis% when a session ends.

-. +ow can you ensure a per,anent coo/ie?

$nswer

etting 6+pires property to Min!alue and restrict coo%ie to get e+pired.

-2. What is AutoPost#ac/?

$nswer

$uto,ost"ac% automatically posts the page bac% to the server when state of the control is

changed.

-6. E5plain lo(in control and "or, authentication.

$nswer

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8ogin controls encapsulate all the features offered by orms authentication. 8ogin controls

internally use orms$uthentication class to implement security by prompting for user credentials

validating them.

-9. What is the use o" We#.con"i( "ile?

$nswer

ollowing are the setting you can incorporate in web.config file.

;atabase connections6rror ,age setting

ession tates

6rror 7andlingecurity

#race setting

Culture specific setting

-:. E5plain in what order a destructors is called.

$nswer

;estructors are called in reverse order of constructors. ;estructor of most derived class is called

followed by its parent's destructor and so on till the topmost class in the hierarchy.

;. What is #rea/ ,ode? What are the options to step throu(h code?

$nswer

"rea% mode lets you to observe code line to line in order to locate error. !.56# providesfollowing option to step through code.

tep (ntotep Over

tep Out

:un #o Cursor

et 5e+t tatement

1. E5plain how to retrieve property settin(s "ro, M3 .con"i( "ile.

$nswer

Create an instance of $ppettings:eader class) use 3et!alue method by passing the name of the

property and the type e+pected. $ssign the result to the appropriate variable.

. E5plain 0lo#al Asse,#ly &ache.

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$nswer

3lobal $ssembly Cache is the place holder for shared assembly. (f an assembly is installed to the

3lobal $ssembly Cache) the assembly can be accessed by multiple applications. (n order toinstall an assembly to the 3$C) the assembly must have to be signed with strong name.

*. E5plain Mana(ed code an 7n',ana(ed code.

$nswer

Managed code runs under the safe supervision of common language runtime. Managed code

carries metadata that is used by common language runtime to offer service li%e memorymanagement) code access security) and cross-language accessibility.

9nmanaged code doesn't follow C8: conventions and thus) can't ta%e the advantages of

.ramewor%.

-. What is side'#y'side e5ecution?

$nswer

#his means multiple version of same assembly to run on the same computer. #his feature enables

to deploy multiple versions of the component.

. !e"ine 8esource iles.

$nswer

:esource files contains non-e+ecutable data li%e strings) images etc that are used by an

application and deployed along with it. ou can changes these data without recompiling the

whole application.

2. !e"ine 0lo#ali)ation and 3ocali)ation.

$nswer

3lobalization is the process of creating multilingual application by defining culture specific

features li%e currency) date and time format) calendar and other issues. 8ocalization is the

process of accommodating cultural differences in an application.

6. What is re"lection?

$nswer

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:eflection is a mechanism through which types defined in the metadata of each module can be

accessed. #he ystem.:eflection namespaces contains classes that can be used to define the

types for an assembly.

9. !e"ine Satellite Asse,#lies.

$nswer

atellite $ssemblies are the special %inds of assemblies that e+ist as ;88 and contain

culturespecific resources in a binary format. #hey store compiled localized application resources.

#hey can be created using the $8 utility and can be deployed even after deployment of theapplication. atellite $ssemblies encapsulate resources into binary format and thus ma%es

resources lighter and consume lesser space on the dis%.

:. What is &AS?

$nswer

C$ is very important part of .5et security system which verifies if particular piece of code isallowed to run. (t also determines if piece of code have access rights to run particular

resource. .56# security system applies these features using code groups and permissions. 6ach

assembly of an application is the part of code group with associated permissions.

2;. E5plain Auto,atic Me,ory Mana(e,ent in .NET.

$nswer

$utomatic memory management in .5et is through garbage collector which is incrediblyefficient in releasing resources when no longer in use.