assigmennt ciap
TRANSCRIPT
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INSTITUT PENDIDIKAN GURU
KAMPUS SULTAN ABDUL HALIM
08000 SUNGAI PETANI
KEDAH DARUL AMAN
PROGRAM IJAZAH SARJANA MUDA PERGURUAN
NUMERICAL LITERACY
NAME : FATIN NABILA BINTI MOHD. ALIZA
900323035886
LOO FOONG FERN
900703085244
SITI AISYAH ZAHIDAH BINTI KAMARUDDIN
900930-11-5028
GROUP : IP 2B (BAHASA MELAYU)
INTAKE : JANUARY 2010
LECTURER : MADAM WAH MONG WEH
SUBMIT : 22 AUGUST 2010
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CONTENTS
CONTENTS PAGES
List Of The Elements 1
The Criteria That Have Been Chooses 2
Question For Each Criteria 3
Comparation And Contrast Between Three Country
y Tokyo
y Singapore
y Bandung
4-5
6-7
8-9
Rate For Each Criteria Between Three Country 10
Total Of Living Cost
y Tokyo
y Singapore
y Bandung
1112
13
Summary 14-17
Bibliography 18
Reflective 19
Appendix
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LIST OF THE ELEMENTS
COST LIVING TRANSPORT CONNECTION
ENVIRONMENT /
WEATHERSAFETY
ESTABLISH
OFUNIVERSITY
HOSPITALITIES CULTURE LANGUAGE
LIFESTYLEHOUSINGACOMODATION
FOODCURRENCY
CONVERSIONRATE
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THE CRITERIS THAT HAVE BEEN CHOOSEN
THE
CRITERIA
THAT BEEN
CHOOSEN
FOOD
SAFETY
LANGUAGE
HOSPITALITIESTRANSPORT
NETWORK
EDUCATION
POWER
CURRENCY
CONVERSION
RATE
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THE QUESTIONS FOR EACH CRITERIA
Criteria Questions
Foody Is Halal food can be get easily?
y What is the normal price for a meal?
Safety
y What is the crime rate of the city?
y Is there any spreadable disease in the city?
y Is there any disaster that happens in the city?
Healthcare facilitiesy What is the fee for a treatment?
y How is their facility?
Languagey What is the official language use in the city?
y Can we communicate easily with other?
Transport Network
y What are the easier transport networks at there?
y How we can get at there?
Educational power
y What is the rank of the university?
y What course do they have offer?
y How much the fee?
Currency conversion
ratey What is the currency conversion rate for the city?
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COMPARATION AND CONTRAST BETWEEN THE THREE CITIES
TOKYO
CRITERIA EXPLANATION
FOOD
It is hard to get the Halal food.
The food is quite expensive and not suitable for
students.
Example: the noodle at 200-1000, drinks (both hot
and cold) for 100-150 and sandwiches for 250-
350.
SAFETY
Street crime is extremely rare, even late at night,
and continues to decrease.
Small police stations, or Koban, can be found every
few blocks. If someone is get lost or need
assistance, by all means go to them and it is their
job to help.
Take the usual precautions against pickpockets in
crowded areas and trains.
Disaster like earthquake, tsunami, and volcano
eruption often happen
HEALTHCAREFACILITIES
Healthcare costs for general healthcare, medical
and medical insurance such as general practitioner
consultation rates, hospital private ward daily rate,
non-prescription medicine, and private medicalinsurance / medical aid contributions is relatively
more expensive compared to other cities with a rank
of 1 out of 282.
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LANGUAGE
They are using Japanese. Most of the notes are
written in katakana.
There are only a few of people understand the
English language.
TRANSPORT NETWORK
Has an efficient public transportation network.
Characterized by its punctuality, its superb service,
and the large crowds of people using it.
Example: train, bus, car rental, taxi and so on.
The fare of bus is 1,500 for adults and 700 for
children between 4 and 11 years old.
EDUCATION POWER
The most prestigious universities are the national
University of Tokyo and University of Kyoto,
followed by the best private universities.
The examination can be written in Japanese or
English (except the section on Japanese language;
some testing sites don't offer tests in English).
The Examination for Japanese University Admission
for International Students (EJU) is a standard
examination in existence since 2002, simplifying the
process of admission to Japanese universities for
international students.
Only a handful of universities offer English courses
on the undergraduate (bachelor) level.
Education fees for college and tertiary study is
equally expensive on average compared to other
cities with a rank of 139 out of 282.
CURRENCY
CONVERSIOEN RATE
RM 1 = 27.334 yen
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SINGAPORE
CRITERIA EXPLANATION
FOOD
All kind of food are easily available in Singapore
Example: Chinese food, Malay food and Indian
food (almost same with Malaysia).
There are fast food, hawker centers, food courts
and cafe.
Food can be get with prices start at $1 can go up
to $7-8 in hawker centers.
SAFETY The crime rate in Singapore is one of the lowers
in the world.
HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
The clinics can be spotted in most housing
estates and town centers. Consultation will cost
between S$10 and S$20 depending on the type
of ailment and treatment given.
Student Medical Insurance can take up to $5 -
$8.
LANGUAGE
Singapore is a multi-lingual nation and
Singaporeans speak different languages as their
first language.
The 'national' language of Singapore is Bahasa
Melayu.
Most Singaporean speak English
Another language that are most commonly use
are Mandarin, Chinese, Malay or Tamil.
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TRANSPORT NETWORK
There is an efficient public transportation
network, which offers taxis, buses, and the
modern Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) rail system.
Cost of travel varies with type of student
concession pass in between $20-$100.
Cost of transportation in Singapore by bus will
range from 60 cents up to 1.20.
The cost of transportation in Singapore for
1.5km by taxi is S$2.40
EDUCATION POWER
Singapore has plenty of universities that are
affiliated to some of the well known and sought
after universities in the U.S and U.K.
The state-sponsored colleges and universities in
Singapore are also more economical than the
private ones.
The annual fee may range between S$3500 and
S$15000.
CURRENCY CONVERSIOEN
RATE
Rm 1 = 0.432
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BANDUNG
CRITERIA EXPLANATION
FOOD
Some foods are similar with food in Malaysia.
Malay food can be get easily.
Example: nasi goreng, baso tauhu, lontong
kari, sate and so on.
Easily to get Halal food and Halal certification in
Indonesia is published by Majelis Ulama
Indonesia (MUI) after a comprehensive
inspection of the food ingredients andprocessing.
The prices are quite reasonable.
SAFETY
There are disasters like earthquake, tsunami,
and risk volcano that always happen.
Pick pocket are found scams at the trains
station in Bandung.
Badly pollution.
HEALTHCARE FACILITIES Facilities in the hospital incomplete
Patient will only get treatment if they able to pay.
LANGUAGE
Their language Bahasa Indonesia is easily to
understand because it was official, modified form
of Malay.
The local dilate (the most widely spoken ofwhich) is Javanese.
Sundanese language is commonly used as
informal language for communication in streets,
school, campus, work and markets.
They also use English for communication.
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TRANSPORT NETWORK
Taxis are widely available. The primary means
of public transportation is by minibus,
called angkot (from angkutan=transportation
and kota = city).
Bandung has 2 intercity bus terminals:
Leuwipanjang, serving buses from the west, and
Cicaheum, serving buses from the east.
Bandung Husein Sastranegara International
Airport serves direct flights and also international
services from Kuala Lumpur and Singapore
Changi Airport.
The Pasupati Bridge recently opened to the
public, relieving traffic jams in the city for east-
west transport.
EDUCATION POWER
At least sixteen universities (three of which are
state-owned universities.)
Education from social sciences, technology until
tourism education can be found in one of thoseuniversities.
Fees for each semester are 2.5 million rupiah.
Living cost is about 1 million rupiah per month.
CURRENCY CONVERSIOEN
RATE
RM 1 = 3I90.1 Indonesian Rupiah
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RATE FOR EACH CRITERIA BETWEEN THE THREE CITIES
ASIAN CITIES /
ELEMENTS
TOKYO SINGAPORE BANDUNG
FOOD
SAFETY
HEALTHCARE
FACILITIES
LANGUAGE
TRANSPORT
NETWORK
EDUCATION
POWER
CURRENCY
CONVERSIOEN
RATE
RATE: LOWEST
MIDDLE
HIGHEST
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TOTAL OF LIVING COST IN TOKYO
Aspect Amount (RM)
Book 650
Telecommunication 400
Healthcare facilities 500
Other 600
Food 1350
Fees 5000
Saving 4000
TOTAL: 12500
5%
3%4%
5%
11%
40%
32%
TOTAL LIVING COST IN TOKYO PER MONTH
BOOK
TELECOMUNICATION
HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
OTHER
FOOD
FEES
SAVING
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TOTAL OF LIVING COST IN SINGAPORE
3%
2% 3%4%
7%
29%
52%
TOTAL LIVING COST IN SINGAPORE PER
MONTH
BOOK
TELE
O I
TIO
HE
LTH
RE F
ILITIES
OTHER
FOOD
FEES
S
VI
G
Aspect Amount (RM)
Book 450
Telecommunication 250
Healthcare facilities 350
Other 450
Food 900
Fees 3600
Saving 6500
TOTAL: 12500
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TOTAL OF LIVING COST IN BANDUNG
3%
2% 3%4%
7%
31%
50%
TOTAL LIVING COST IN BANDUNG PER
MONTH
BOOK
TELECOMUNICATION
HEALTHCARE FACILITIES
OTHER
FOOD
FEES
SAVING
Aspect Amount (RM)Book 450
Telecommunication 250
Healthcare facilities 400
Other 500
Food 850
Fees 4000
Saving 6050
TOTAL: 12500
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SUMMARY
My partner and I had chosen Singapore from the three cities Tokyo, Bandung
and Singapore that are given as our choice to do our sabbatical study. We had decided
this choice after comparing three cities with a few elements that we had chosen. Theelements such as:
Food
This element is very important for us especially when there is Muslim as our
team member. Food in Singapore has the better choice for us compare with Bandung
and Tokyo as we can easily get all kind of food that is similar to Malaysia. We can get
food that we prefer such as Chinese food, Malay food, Indian food and many more.
Most important Malays Halal food can be get easily. Most of the food can be get with
prices start at $1 can go up to $7-8 in hawker centers which can be consider as
reasonable.
At Bandung Malay food can be get easily too. Muslim friend can consume
without worry in Bandung as they can get Halal food with Halal certification published by
Majlis Ulama Indonesia (MUI). The prices are quite reasonable but other than Malay
food we do not have other choices and it taste also are different. While in Japan it is
hard to get the Halal food. Other than that the food is quite expensive and not suitable
for students.
Safety
We had chosen Singapore as we felt it was the safest city among the choices
given. Singapore is one of country with the lowest crime rate in the world. Disaster like
earthquake or volcano eruption does not occur. The weather at there is also same as
Malaysia.
In Tokyo, street crime is extremely rare even late at night. The rate also
continues to decrease by time. There are small police stations, or Koban, can be found
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every few blocks. If someone is get lost or need assistance, by all means go to them
and it is their job to help but precautions against pickpockets when we are in crowded
area and train station has to be taken. Other than that the disaster like earthquake often
occurs in Japan. In Bandung, we need to take precaution as pick pocket are found
scams at the train station. Other than disaster, there are badly pollution happened in
Bandung area.
Healthcare facilities
In Singapore, clinics can be spotted in most housing estates and town centers.
Consultation will cost between S$10 and S$20 depending on the type of ailment and
treatment given. If someone has Student Medical Insurance can take up to $5 - $8.
Whereas the healthcare costs for general healthcare, medical and medical insurance
such as general practitioner consultation rates, hospital private ward daily rate, non-
prescription medicine, and private medical insurance / medical aid contributions in
Tokyo is relatively more expensive compared to other cities with a rank of 1 out of 282.
As a student we cannot afford to pay that much if we really need consultation.
Language
Singapore has a multi-lingual nation. Most of the Singaporean speaks English
although Malay is Singapore national language. There are also other commonly use
languages in this city which are English, Mandarin, Chinese, Malay and Tamil. We can
get new idea easily when we have good communication with other using the language
that we familiar.
Communication will be a problem if we chosen Tokyo because they are using
Japanese and only a few people that understand the English language. Other than that,
most of the sign are written in katakana which we do not understand. Although Bahasa
Indonesia that use in Bandung is official, modified form of Malay we hardly can
understand them. Other than that, most of the people are using Javanese and
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Sundanese as informal language for communication in streets, school, campus, work
and markets. We might not communicate with other as easy as we think.
Transport network
This is an important criteria that we need to pay attention since we are at other
city without own transport to travel. In Singapore there is an efficient public
transportation network, which offers taxis, buses, and the modern Mass Rapid Transit
(MRT) rail system. The cost for the transportation is quite reasonable. Travel with bus,
the ticket will be in the range of 60 cents up to 1.20. Other than that, cost of travel varies
with type of student concession pass in between $20-$100.
Tokyo has an efficient public transportation network. It is characterized by its
punctuality, its superb service, and the large crowds of people using it. Some of the
examples are train, LRT, bus and taxi. The fare of bus is 1,500 for adults and 700 for
children between 4 and 11 years old.
Meanwhile, in Bandung taxis are widely available. The primary means of public
transportation is by minibus, called angkot. Bandung has 2 intercity bus terminals which
are Leuwipanjang, serving buses from the west, and Cicaheum, serving buses from the
east. There is also Bandung Husein Sastranegara International Airport that serves
direct flights and also international services from Kuala Lumpur and Singapore Changi
Airport. We know that Bandung do have heavy traffic jams in the city for east-west
transport, so the Pasupati Bridge recently opened to the public to overcome the
problem.
Both Tokyo and Bandung city also equipped with variety of public transportation
network but we might need to spend most of our time on transportation since there are
large crowds of people using it.
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Education power
Singapore has plenty of universities that are affiliated to some of the well known
and sought after universities in the U.S and U.K. The state-sponsored colleges and
universities in Singapore are also more economical than the private ones. The annual
fee may range between S$3500 and S$15000.
In Japan, the most prestigious universities are the national University of Tokyo
and University of Kyoto, followed by the best private universities. The Examination for
Japanese University Admission for International Students (EJU) is a standard
examination in existence since 2002, simplifying the process of admission to Japanese
universities for international students. Only a handful of universities offer English
courses on the undergraduate (bachelor) level. Education fees for college and tertiarystudy is equally expensive on average compared to other cities with a rank of 139 out of
282.
In Bandung, there are at least sixteen universities (three of which are state-
owned universities.) Education from social sciences, technology until tourism education
can be found in one of those universities. Fees for each semester are 2.5 million rupiah.
Living cost is about 1 million rupiah per month.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
http://www.tranungkite.net/v7/modules.php?name=Forums&file=viewtopic&t=11399
www.focussingapore.com
http://www.expatforum.com/
http://www.marimari.com
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandung
http://travel.yahoo.com/p-travelguide-485496-bandung_vacations-i
http://blog.malaysia-asia.my/search/label/Bandung
http://www.thenawab.com/english/hatchobori/takeout.htm
http://www.islamcenter.or.jp/eng/halalfood.html
http://www.wunderground.com/global/stations/47671.html
http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2022.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo
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REFLECTIVE
The Numerical Literacy assignment is about choosing the suitable city between
Tokyo, Bandung and Singapore for our sabbatical study. When I get this assignment, I
think this is a difficult assignment I ever get for this semester. This assignment so
challengingbecause it must search information from three country, but fortunately, this
is a team assignment, so its not very hard to do.
After Madam Wah give her explanation, I and my group member had some
discussion about this assignment. We discuss about state where we want to select for
our sabbatical study. After discuss we choose Singapore. After that, each of us start
looking for information about the three countries, base on this I had learn many new
things by doing this assignment. One of new things I have learnt is about currencyconversion rate, base on this I know about currency from Tokyo, Bandung and
Singapore.
Other than that, I found that teamwork is very important. We found that
information that we need had been complete faster when we work as a team. We do
not have to worry that we had wasted our time by searching for the same information.
I had used estimation that I had learned in previous lesson to complete this
assignment. We had used it for estimate the living cost that needed per month for the
three cities. This helps us a lot when we make our decision. My group had chosen
Singapore after comparing the criteria for these three cities.
In conclusion, I am very grateful for having a very good team and easy to carry
this, though sometimes there is a difference of opinion. We also had got some advice
from madam to make sure we had done our work correctly. I am glad that we had
completed our assignment on time. Thanks to my friends Siti Aisyah and Loo Foong
Fern because give a good cooperation by doing this assignment.
By,
..FATIN NABILA BINTI MOHD. ALIZA
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REFLECTIVE
The mathematic assignment for this semester is about choosing the suitable city
between Tokyo, Bandung and Singapore for our sabbatical study. After explanation
from our lecturer, my friend and I had some discussion on what we have to prepare. We
also had got some advice from madam to make sure we had done our work correctly. I
am glad that we had completed our assignment on time.
I had learnt many things by doing this assignment. One of it is we need an open
minded when we had discussion. This can avoid us from fighting to get support for own
ideas. We had accepted each other thought and discover more idea that we had
thought before.
Other than that, I found that teamwork is very important. We found that
information that we need had been complete faster when we work as a team. We do
not have to worry that we had wasted our time by searching for the same information.
I had used estimation that I had learned in previous lesson to complete this
assignment. We had used it for estimate the living cost that needed per month for the
three cities. This helps us a lot when we make our decision. My group had chosen
Singapore after comparing the criteria for these three cities.
In conclusion, doing this assignment made me learned a lot. Now I know the
importance of teamwork and the usage of estimation as well. Thanks to my lecturer
madam Wah and my group member Fatin and Siti Aisyah.
.
(LOO FOONG FERN)
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REFLECTIVE
For the assignment at this semester, I have to do it in a group which has 2 or 3
students in each group. After my friends who name was Fatin and Foong and also I got
this assignment, we are search and collect the much information about the three cities.
The three cities were Tokyo, Bandung and also Singapore. We have to collect a few
criteria of each city. After that, we must compare and contrast about each cities.
Although many problem that my friends and I have do it but after we got advise
from Madam Wah. We can follow this step of the assignment with very well. But my
friends and I never fight, we always got the same ideas and open minded with everyone
ideas.
Thus, with search the information about a few criteria of three cities, many thing
about Tokyo, Bandung and also Singapore I have got. I can know their currency rate,
the food at there and their taste, education power and so on. For the education power, I
have know in Singapore was the best university than others cities. But in Tokyo was
very modern facilities and there living cost was so expensive.
So that, my friends and I have choose city in Singapore than Tokyo and
Bandung. Its also because the Singapore city was very near with Malaysia. Their food
and language was similar with Malaysia. It will give us like living in Malaysia.
In conclusion, Im very enjoying doing this assignment with my friends. Many
things I have got and it does also can close my relation with my friends.
By,
.
(SITI AISYAH ZAHIDAH BINTI KAMARUDDIN)
(PISMP 1P2B)
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the cost of living in Singapore. Although you find night markets and hawkers selling cheap
items, you have to buy in bulk to avail discounts. Even locally made dress items are quite
expensive. This fashionable country houses host of apparel stores selling imported and
branded clothes with prices tagged in higher range. Since small jewelries are pricey, it is
recommended to get them directly from manufacturers in nearby districts. Shopping for
clothing and wares could cost you around S$300 a month.
Transportation
Owning a private vehicle is not advisable in Singapore unless you are complacent about
your financial status. The monthly cost of a new low-range and mid-range vehicle in
Singapore will make your wallet lighter by S$1000 - S$1300. If you do not nurture the idea
of owning a private vehicle, you are somewhat wiser than others as the public transport
network in Singapore is undoubtedly one of the best in Asia. Your bus fare would range
from S$0.71 to S$1.80 per trip depending on the distance you travel, while the train tickets
cost from S$1 to S$1.79. A transport rebate of 40 cents per trip (for adults) can be availedif you are an ez-link card holder.
Healthcare
Singapore is not hard on people seeking medical treatment as there are polyclinics at
every nook and corner of the country. These state-run medical centers render quality
healthcare. The clinics can be spotted in most housing estates and town centers where
consultation will cost you anywhere between S$10 and S$20 depending on the type of
ailment and treatment given. On an average, your weekly medicine bill can come to S$10,
so there is not much to think about budget constraints.
Education
Studying in Singapore is not exactly a costly affair as there are a number of state-run or
aided schools. These schools are cheaper than their international counterparts. The annual
fee may range between S$3500 and S$15000. When it comes to buying books and
stationery, be prepared to shed between S$30 and S$100, depending on the course of
studies. The state-sponsored colleges and universities in Singapore are also more
economical than the private ones.
Recreation
You get the liberty of indulging in recreational activities in this upward country without
straining your budget. Dancing your time away in the nightclubs will cost you around S$25,
while a jug of larger beer will come for S$30 - S$40 in most pubs. Watching movies in the
mutiplexes is a pretty affordable bargain as tickets are priced at S$8 and S$10 on
weekdays and weekends, respectively. You get your favorite hot dogs, nachos and other
snacks in the theater for as low as S$6.
Sundry expenses
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Apart from the above mentioned expenses, there are still some sundries which you need to
take care of every month. Monthly gas, water and electricity bills can collectively come to
around S$200 while cell phone bill for an average local user may touch as high as S$150.
Charges for wireless Internet ADSL subscription are affordable and hardly exceeding S$70
per month. Other essentials like toiletries, magazines, CDs and cable TV may cost you
around S$200 a month.
Cost of living in Singapore: Comparison with other nations
The following table contains figures, which represent a weighted average of the prices of
more than 160 items found across the major cities in the world starting from householdgoods to luxury items.
Rank City Name Cost of living Index
1 Tokyo 152
2 Osaka Kobe 145
3 Paris 132
4 Copenhagen 124
5 Oslo 123
6 Zurich 122
7 Frankfurt 118
8 Helsinki 118
9 Geneva 115
10 Singapore 112
11 Hong Kong 110
12 Vienna 109
13 Dublin 108
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23 New York 100
27 London 99
*As per the latest survey (March, 2009) of
Economist Intelligence Unit
The healthcare expenses, groceries and accommodation costs are lesser in Singapore
than its Asian counterpart Tokyo. If you shift to Singapore from Tokyo, you can assure
yourself of shedding lesser bucks for many other sectors apart from the above mentioned
segments. Americans will find it hard to cope with the Singaporean costs as New York, the
most expensive city of the US ranks lower than Singapore in standard of living with a cost
of living index being 100. This Asian city will prove pricier for them.
The expatriates from the European cities like Paris, Copenhagen, Oslo, Zurich andFrankfurt, will find Singapore a better bargain with the cost of living showing a southward
trend. The steady decline in pounds value has made London a cheaper place to live as
compared to Singapore. London does not feature even in the list of top 25 expensive cities.
Londoners, better prepare to experience a real surge of expenses in Singapore. The
Dubliners will also have to bear the higher living expenses in this city.
Having said all these, cost of living in Singapore really depends on how you really live and
how you employ your money in various things over a period of time.
COST OF LIVING IN TOKYO
Tokyo is widely known as being an expensive city. Indeed, this reputation is deserved,although the 'most expensive city in the world' crown is periodically passed around severalworld cities.
Actually, Tokyo is not really that expensive for local Japanese people. It is a much moreexpensive place for foreigners for a variety of reasons, including the high cost of westernstyle housing, foreign goods, international schools etc. Those expatriates that can make
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the jump to local style living will benefit from a noticeable reduction in the cost of living.Having said that, if you're an expat hired overseas with family i.e. wife and some children ofschool age, you are going to be living a very costly existence and this should be carefullynoted when negotiating your salary and allowances. The days of the full expat package aredwindling as employers seek ways to reduce costs, favouring single people when
recruiting. This means some expats leave their family behind in order to secure the job theywant, or just to significantly reduce their monthly living costs. This is only practical if youcan visit home regularly of course.Other options include living far out of Tokyo in a satellite city/neighbourhood but you shouldcarefully consider the time spent in transit and whether or not the savings would be lost ontravel costs. There is also the option of sending your children to a Japanese schools ratherthan spending big money on international schooling.
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In truth, there are very few foreigners that could live like a Japanese salaryman slave. Mostforeigners are going to want the perks of a full expat lifestyle. With this in mind, the prices
quoted on this living in Tokyo page are for just such people.
Centrally located apartment (Shibuya), 150 - 200 sq. m. - JPY1M per month
Annual fees for international school 2 - 2.5 M Yen per child
Western food for family of four, JPY250K per month
Running a vehicle (gas and routine maintenance) JPY50K per month
Your costs are likely to be substantial in your first year. Initial set up costs, such as buyingfurniture, huge deposit on accommodation, buying a car etc will severely deplete yourbudget. The above are very rough estimates as everyone will have their own needs andexpectations. You will also need to factor in your health insurance costs and any taxliability, again different for each individual.Many employers will already be aware of the cost difficulties expatriates experience inTokyo and will be willing to help with many of the initial outlays, such as apartmentdeposits. The above costs are likely to me quite manageable for a higher level executive...but if your company is not assisting you, it's time to read through our 'Living in Tokyo on aBudget' pages.
Cost Of Living
Tokyo has an overall cost of living index which equates it with high cost of living locations. The overallcost of living index is comprised of the prices for defined quantities of the same goods and servicesacross all 13 Basket Groups. Tokyo is currently ranked 1 overall, most expensive place in the world forexpatriates to live, out of 282 international locations. The cost of living overview for each of the 13Basket Groups is as follows:
Clothing costs for clothing and footwear products such as business suits, casual clothing, childrensclothing and footwear, coats and hats, evening wear, shoe repairs, and underwear is relatively moreexpensive compared to other cities with a rank of 29 out of 282.
Communication costs for various communication costs such as home telephone rental and call
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charges, internet connection and service provider fees, mobile / cellular phone contract and calls isrelatively more expensive compared to other cities with a rank of 66 out of 282.
Education costs such as creche / pre-school fees, high school / college fees, primary school fees, andtertiary study fees is equally expensive on average compared to other cities with a rank of 139 out of282.
Furniture & Appliance costs for furniture, household equipment and household appliances such as dvdplayer, fridge freezer, iron, kettle, toaster, microwave, light bulbs, television, vacuum cleaner, andwashing machine is relatively more expensive compared to other cities with a rank of 21 out of 282.
Grocery costs for food, non-alcoholic beverages and cleaning material items such as babyconsumables, baked goods, baking, canned foods, cheese, cleaning products, dairy, fresh fruits, freshvegetables, fruit juices, meat, oil & vinegars, pet food, pre-prepared meals, sauces, seafood, snacks,soft drinks, spices & herbs is relatively more expensive compared to other cities with a rank of 1 out of282.
Healthcare costs for general healthcare, medical and medical insurance such as general practitionerconsultation rates, hospital private ward daily rate, non-prescription medicine, and private medical
insurance / medical aid contributions is relatively more expensive compared to other cities with a rank of1 out of 282.
Household costs for housing, water, electricity, household gas, household fuels, local rates andresidential taxes such as house / flat mortgage, house / flat rental, household electricity consumption,household gas / fuel consumption, household water consumption, and local property rates / taxes /levies is relatively more expensive compared to other cities with a rank of 2 out of 282.
Miscellaneous costs related to stationary, linen and general goods and services such as domestic help,dry cleaning, linen, office supplies, newspapers and magazines, and postage stamps is relatively moreexpensive compared to other cities with a rank of 29 out of 282.
Personal Care costs for personal care products and services such as cosmetics, hair care, moisturizer /sun block, nappies, pain relief tablets, toilet paper, toothpaste, and soap / shampoo / conditioner isrelatively more expensive compared to other cities with a rank of 65 out of 282.
Recreation and Culture costs such as books, camera film, cinema ticket, DVD and CDs, sports goods,and theatre tickets is relatively more expensive compared to other cities with a rank of 80 out of 282.
Restaurants, Meals Out and Hotel costs such as business dinner, dinner at a restaurant (non fastfood), hotel rates, take away drinks and snacks (fast food) is relatively more expensive compared toother cities with a rank of 29 out of 282.
Transport costs for public transport, vehicle costs, vehicle fuel, vehicle insurance and vehiclemaintenance such as hire purchase / lease of vehicle, petrol / diesel, public transport service
maintenance, tires, vehicle Insurance, and vehicle purchase is relatively more expensive compared toother cities with a rank of 34 out of 282.
Your exact customized cost of living index for Tokyo is based on which of the above basket groups aswell as the comparison location you select in the Calculators.
In terms of the hardship people are likely to experience, assessed in global terms, Tokyo is ranked as asome hardship location with a hardship index of 20%.
Your exact customized hardship index premium for Tokyo is based on the comparison location that youselect in the Calculato
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Bandung
Kota Bandung
Flag
Seal
Nickname(s): Kota Kembang (City of Flowers) and Parijs Van Java
Motto:Bermartabat('dignified')
Kota Bandung
Location of Bandung in Indonesia
Coordinates: 65453.08S 1073635.32ECoordinates: 65453.08S 1073635.32E
Country Indonesia
Province West Java
Government
- Mayor Dada Rosada
Area
- Total 167.67 km2 (64.74 sq mi)
Elevation 768 m (2,520 ft)
Population (2007)
- Total 2,771,138
- Density 16,564/km2 (36,520/sq mi)
Time zone WIB (UTC+7)
Website www.bandung.go.id
Bandung (pronounced [bndu]) (Indonesian: Kota Bandung) is the capital ofWest
Java province in Indonesia, and the country's third largest city, and 2nd largest metropolitan
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area, with 7.4 million in 2007. Located 768 m (2,520 ft) above sea level, Bandung has relatively
year-around cooler temperature than most otherIndonesian cities. The city lies on a river
basin and surrounded by volcanic mountains. This topography provides the city with a good
natural defense system, which was the primary reason ofDutch East Indies government's plan
to move the colony capital from Batavia to Bandung.
The Dutch colonials first opened tea plantations around the mountains in the eighteenth
century, followed by a road construction connecting the plantation area to the capital (180 km
or 112 miles to the northwest). The European inhabitants of the city demanded the
establishment of a municipality (gemeente), which was granted in 1906 and Bandung gradually
developed itself into a resort city for the plantation owners. Luxurious hotels, restaurants, cafes
and European boutiques were opened of which the city was dubbed as Parijs van Java (Dutch:
"The Paris of Java").
AfterIndonesian independence on 1945 onwards, the city experienced a rapid development
and urbanization that has transformed Bandung from idyllic town into a dense
16500 people/km metropolitan area, a living space for over 2 million people. Natural resources
have been exploited excessively, particularly in the conversions of protected upland area into
highland villa and real estates. Although the city has encountered many problems (ranging
from waste disposal, floods to chaotic traffic system, etc.), Bandung however still has its charm
to attract people flocking into the city, either as weekend travellers or living in.
Culture
Angklung
Bandung is the capital of West Java, a province of which most of its residents are
mainlySundanese people. Sundanese language is spoken as the first language and is
commonly used as informal language for communication in streets, school, campus, work and
markets, while Indonesian - Indonesia's national language and a lingua franca among its many
ethnic units - is used as a second language and the language of government, businesses, and
instruction at schools.
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A popular traditional musical instrument isangklung, made of parallel bamboo tubes tuned to
specific frequencies with a hammer and is shaken to produce certain notes. Music is performed
by a choir of angklung players, each of whom are responsible for sounding certain notes. Its
melody is only slightly different from that of Central Java's gamelan ensembles.
Tourism industry
Bandung has served for popular weekend-break destination for people living in Jakarta for
many reasons. The cooler climate of highland plantation area, the varieties of food, the
cheaper fashion shops located in factory outlets and distros, golf courses, and the friendliness
of local people have become the main attraction of the city.[24]
Denim store, Cihampelas Street
In the 1990s, local designers opened denim clothing stores along Cihampelas Street which
gave Bandung another nickname, the "Tourist Shopping City" (Kota Wisata Belanja). It was a
success as the-then residential street had been fully transformed into a "jeans street". The city
attracts people from other big cities to buy local fashion wears, as they are cheaper than
branded items.[25]
The Martabak
The city gained more shoppers to come when textile factories in the outskirt of Bandung
opened a fashion store that sells their products directly from the factory. The products are
tagged as sisa export(rejected or over-produced export quality items) and these shops are
called factory outlets. The trend was followed by another factory outlets.[26]
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Transport
Bandung can be accessed through 4 highways from Jakarta. An intercity toll highway, named
as Cipularang toll road, connecting Jakarta, Karawang, Purwakarta, Padalarang and Bandung,
has recently been completed in May 2005. It is currently the fastest way to go to Bandung fromthe capital. Driving time is about 1.5 hours on average. There are 3 other options: the Puncak
route (Jakarta-Cianjur/Sukabumi-Bandung), Purwakarta route (Jakarta-Cikampek-Purwakarta-
Cikalong Wetan-Padalarang-Cimahi-Bandung) and the Subang route (Jakarta-Cikampek-
Subang-Lembang-Bandung). From eastern part of the cities(Cirebon, Tasikmalaya and Central
Java province), Bandung can be accessed through the main provincial road.
The Pasupati bridge recently opened to the public, relieving traffic jams in the city for east-west
transport. The 2.8 km cable-stayed bridge lies through the valley of Cikapundung. It is 30 to 60
metres wide and after extensive delays, its construction finally completed in June 2005,
following financial investment from Kuwait.[27] The bridge is part of Bandung's comprehensive
inner-city highways plan.
Taxis are widely available. The primary means of public transportation is by minibus,
called angkot(from angkutan=transportation and kota=city). They serve certain routes
throughout the city and are operated privately. To find exact angkot routes, information are
available through the drivers or at terminals. City-owned buses, called DAMRI, operates on
larger relatively long routes. Bandung has 2 intercity bus terminals: Leuwipanjang, serving
buses from the west, and Cicaheum, serving buses from the east.
Bandung Husein Sastranegara International Airport serves direct flights
to Batam, Surabaya, Yogyakarta, Denpasar, Palembang and Padang and also international
services from Kuala Lumpurand Singapore Changi Airport. The airport is located nearby the
Dirgantara aerospace complex and Dirgantara Fairground.
Railway connects Bandung
to Cianjur, Jakarta, Purwakarta, Bekasi, Karawang and Cikampek to the west,
and Surabaya, Yogyakarta and Solo to the east. It is also the major means of transportation for
people living in suburb areas ofCimahi, Padalarang, Rancaekek, Cicalengka and Cileunyi.Science and education
There are hundreds of public and private schools in Bandung. Like in other Indonesian cities,
Bandung has several state-funded and administered junior high and high schools, called State
Junior High Schools (SMP Negeri) and State High Schools (SMA Negeri), respectively. At least
sixteen universities three of which are state-owned universities and 45professional
schools are scattered throughout the city. Education from social sciences, technology until
tourism education can be found in one of those universities.
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Among the several universities located in Bandung, Institut Teknologi Telkom (Telkom Institute
of Technology), Institut Teknologi Bandung (Bandung Institute of Technology), Universitas
Padjadjaran (Padjadjaran University), Parahyangan Catholic University, and Universitas
Pendidikan Indonesia (Indonesia University of Education) also Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan
Gunung Djati (Sunan Gunung Djati Islamic State University), Politeknik Negeri
Bandung (Bandung State Polytechnic) and Politeknik Manufaktur Bandung (Bandung
Manufacture Polytechnic) are considered among the best universities in their respective fields
of specialty in Indonesia. Established 1920, Institut Teknologi Bandung is Indonesia's oldest
and most prestigious technical university. Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (formerly IKIP
Bandung, established in 1954) is one of the first institutions of higher education established
after Indonesian independence and is currently a leading education university in the
country. Universitas Padjadjaran (established in 1956) is considered to be one of the best
universities in the country in the fields of medical, law, communication, and economic studies.In the north of Bandung, Bosscha Observatory is the only observatory in Indonesia.
Construction of the observatory began in 1923 and was completed in 1928. In 1922, the first
international publication from Bosscha Observatory was published and in 1959, the
observatory was included as a part of the department ofastronomy in the Institut Teknologi
Bandung (Bandung Institute of Technology).
Economy
Fresh products at a market in Bandung
Bandung economy is mainly built upon tourism, manufacturing, textile/apparel, education
institutions, technology, retail, services, plantation/agriculture, financial, pharmaceutical, food,
among others. Those are the major investments and most popular fields/industries being
sought here.[22]
Bandung has nearly 50 higher educational institutions and is among the most popular
destination for education in Indonesia. Creative-based culture has shaped the basis of
Bandung economy. The once quiet residential district of Dago has become an important
business and entertainment centre. Chic cafes and restaurants are spreading out along Dago
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Street. In the early 1990s Cihampelas Street became a popular clothing store location.
The distro sell stylish non-trademarked products, made by local designers. Books, indie label
records, magazines, fashion products and other accessories are typical distro products. After
their products receive large teenagers attention, then these local designers make their own
clothing company. Now, there are more than 200 local brand names in Bandung. Distro
distance itself from factory outlet in term of its philosophy. Distros come from individual
designers and young entrepreneurs, while factory outlet products come from a garment factory.
Environmental issues
A mountain of trash at Pagarish Street
The north of the city serves as a water reservoirfor Bandung's 2 million people, however, the
area has seen much residential development. Several attempts to reserve this area have been
made, including the creation of reserves, such as the Juanda National Park and Puncrut, but
the development continues. The real danger has come in the form of several floodings in
Bandung's south.[29]
In the middle of 2006, Bandung faced another environmental disaster, as the city's land fill site
was reevaluated after a landslide in 2005.[30]Collection of 8,000 m3/day domestic garbage piled
up, causing air pollution, spreading of diseases, and water contamination. The provincial
government eventually stepped in to solve the garbage issues
Bandung, the capital of West Java province, located about 180 kilometres (110 mi) southeast
of Jakarta, is the third largest city in Indonesia. Its elevation is 768 metres (2,520 ft) above sea
level and is surrounded by up to 2,400 m (7,874 ft) high Late Tertiary and Quarternary volcanic
terrain.[1] The 400 km flat of central Bandung plain is situated in the middle of 2,340.88 km
wide of the Bandung Basin; the basin comprises Bandung, the Cimahi city, part of Bandung
Regency, part of West Bandung Regency, and part of Sumedang Regency. [2] The basin's main
river is the Citarum; one of its branches, the Cikapundung, divides Bandung from north to
south before it merges with Citarum again in Dayeuhkolot. The Bandung Basin is an important
source of water for drinking water, irrigation and fisheries, and its 6,147 million m of
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groundwater is a major reservoir for the city.[2]
The northern part of the city is hillier than the rest; the distinguished truncated flat-peak shape
of the Tangkuban Perahu volcano (Tangkuban Perahu literally means 'up-turned boat') can be
seen from the city to the north. Long-term volcanic activity has created fertile andisol soil in the
north, suitable for intensive rice, fruit, tea, tobacco and coffee plantations. In the south and
east, alluvial soils deposited by the Cikapundung river are mostly found.
Geological data shows that the Bandung Basin is located on an ancient volcano, known as
Mount Sunda, erected up to 3,0004,000 metres (9,85013,100 ft) during
the Pleistoceneage.[3] Two large scale eruptions took place; the first formed the basin and the
other (est. 55,000 Before Present) blocked the Citarum river, turning the basin into a lake
known as "the Great Lake of Bandung".[4] The lake drained away; the reason for which is the
subject of ongoing debate among geologists.[5][6]
Due to its elevation, the climate in Bandung is cooler than most Indonesian cities and can be
classified as humid; the average temperature is 23.6 C (74.5 F) throughout the year.[7] The
average annual rainfall ranges from 1,000 millimetres in the central and southeast regions to
3,500 millimetres in the north of the city.[2] The wet season conforms with other Indonesian
regions, around November to April.
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Temperature (C)
(F)
23.975.0
23.373.9
23.474.1
24.175.4
24.275.6
23.574.3
22.973.2
23.474.1
23.674.5
23.774.7
23.774.7
23.774.7
23.6
74.5
Precipitation (mm) 72.1 265.6 365.0 136.0 117.7 37.4 40.5 74.7 76.3 314.2 185.9 197.2 1182.6
Evaporation (mm) 3.7 2.9 3.2 3.0 3.4 3.3 3.7 3.9 3.7 3.2 2.5 2.7 3.3
Rel. humidity (%) 75 82 82 78 75 71 67 69 71 77 80 81 76
Air pressure (mb) 922.5 921.7 922.2 921.9 921.9 922.3 922.8 922.5 923.0 922.6 922.0 922.1 922.3
Source:Bandung Dalam Angka (Bandung in Numbers), 2003.[8]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
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