assignment on phonetic transcription
DESCRIPTION
TesolTRANSCRIPT
Diploma in TESOL 2012
SECTION B –QUESTION 4
For questions A, B,D and F the IPA is used in the phonetic transcriptions. The following
websites were referred:
www.antimoon.com/ipa
www.lexilogos.com
A.
1) Knife
2) Mythology
3) Island
4) Queue
5) Humorous
6) Acquire
7) Crumbs
8) Examination
9) Unique
10) thatch
B.
1) θəm - thumb
2) wɛðər-weather
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3) dəzərv-deserve
4) najts-knights
5) wɒkt-walked
6) stupəd-stupid
7) hawsəz-houses
8) wɑtʃɪŋ-watching
9) ʃules-shoelace
10) junajtəd stets əv əmɛrəkə-United States of America
C. Phonology is the study of the sound features used in a language to communicate meaning.
They include phonemes, word stress, sentence stress and intonation. Phonology is concerned
with how sounds function in relation to each other in a language
Phonetics is concerned with how sounds are produced, transmitted and perceived .Phonetics is
about sounds of language, phonology about sound systems of language. Phonetics is a
descriptive tool necessary to the study of the phonological aspects of a language.
D.
Alice was beginning to get very tired of sitting by her sister on the bank ,and of having nothing
to do: once or twice she had peeped into the book her sister was reading ,but it had no pictures or
conversations in it, and what is the use of a book , ‘thought Alice’ without pictures or
conversations.
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F.
mɪsəz ˈθætʃər ˈfluː tə ˈnuː ˈjɔrk tə ˈhæv ˈtɔks ˈwɪð ˈprezədənt ˈreɪgən is ˈɪt reegan ˈɔr raygan
ˈbaɪ ðə ˈwe?
G.
1)
a. faze - vase
b. fan - van
c. fine – vine
d. fail - Vail
e. file - vile
2)
a. three-free
b. thread-bread
c. thin-fin
d. fail - Vail
3)
a. Cat-kite
b. Lamb-lime
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c. Tap-type
d. Van-vine
H.
Well , I would teach my elementary class both these words as they both have the same
meaning. The word ‘Bucket’( ˈbʌkɪt) is used in British English as compared to ‘Pail’ (peɪl )
which was mostly used in new American English .The word bucket can be taught in reference to
everyday use , and pail can be taught by using nursery rhymes such as ‘Jack & Jill’. So for
young learners it will not be problem as they can relate and understand through context. For
visuals pictures can be shown.
As far as phonetics is concerned the word –pail is easier to pronounce .It is pronounced with a
consonant p + a long vowel (dipthong –ae) + consonant l.
I.
1) One speaks English here - it should be ‘English is spoken here’, the person who
put up the sign might not be aware of the passive voice or how to put up a sign board.
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2) No one of them answered my letters-‘None of them answered my letters’, When
'none' and 'no one' are not followed by 'of', they mean 'nobody' . The differences are:
(1) 'none' is more formal than 'no one' or 'nobody', (2) 'none' is usually treated as a
plural noun, while 'no one' is always a singular noun.
3) He’s used up all what I gave him- He’s used up all that I have given him.
4) After lunch we went to shopping- After lunch we went for shopping. We mostly
use ‘to’ + verb when there is exchange or transfer, but we use ‘for’ to do something
good or for someone’s benefit .It also shows that the action began in the past and
continues to the present.
5) I have finished the composition this morning.-I finished the composition this
morning, the sentence should be in the simple past tense. The learner may be
confused with the present perfect .In the sentence it says this morning –which
means that I finished my work at a specific time in the past i.e morning.
6) Please take your dinner with us- The learner might not know how to use requests in
conversation .Therefore the use of - Would you take your dinner with us ?-would
be better .
7) I didn’t ate it because I am not eating pork.-I didn’t eat it because I am not eating
pork. Here- I+ didn’t, should be used with the bare infinitive of eat-which is an
irregular verb.
8) We enjoyed a lot at the beach
9) In the accident ,three passengers were badly injured, wounding one whereas the
driver ‘s arm was injured
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10) She leaves in an apartment –There is only a vocabulary mistake here ,leaves –it
should be ‘lives’.
J.
A morpheme is the smallest unit of linguistic meaning .Every word in every language is
composed of one or more morphemes. Morphemes can combine into fixed forms we call words.
Most of these words are fairly transparent,whereas others do not.
1) Firework: it has 2 free morphemes , fire & work. And can be broken down into smaller
meaningful parts. Fire – (to shoot or go up in flames) when forming a lexical set with
‘work’ gives it a different meaning(exploding objects, followed by noise and smoke
etc) ,but not too difficult to understand.
2) Lamp post :it has 2 free morphemes-a learner can work out the meaning by looking at
the words lamp (something that gives light),pole(a pole of wood or metal fixed in the
ground in an upright position).The two free morphemes when put together –lamp post are
easy to guess in meaning if the learner already knows the meaning of the two words as
both are nouns.
3) Right-hand man : it has 3 free morphemes .It means a person who is like an assistant
or helper. Even though all 3 words are easy to understand as free morphemes ,but when
it forms a lexical word it has a different meaning.So this word can only be understood
with reference to context .For eg; How will hw cope without his right-hand man?
4) Half-heartedly :it has 1 free morphemes-(half) and 3 bound morphemes –
(heart+ed+ly).Here the lexical word set means –something that is done with no
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enthusiasm or interest. This word set can be fairly easily understood both if taught as
separate words or with reference to context.For eg;She did her homework half-heartedly.
5) Left-winger:2 free +1 bound morpheme,the mening here refers to one’s political
views.This might not be as transparent.
6) Birthday card: Fairly easily transparent , with 3 free morphemes.
Birth+day
card
7) Leave out :it has 2 free morphemes but is a collocation ,here it implies to leave someone
or something behind.Some learners could find it difficult.
8) Good-looking :1 free +2 bound morhemes
9) First –class: 2 free morphemes ,it can be an adjective or adverb depending on the
usage .It’s not that transparent ,some learners may find it difficult.
Here it means a very high quality service on the plane or train or hotel.
10) make off with: 3 free morphemes ,the meaning here is to steal something .It is a phrasal
verb, therefore its difficult to guess the meaning only by looking at the words separately.
K.
Queen of spades –The manner in which the word queen is pronounced is Stops or Plosive. The
tongue dorsum is elevated and retracted to contact the back of the hard palate. For lip
configuration ,they never meet .With reference to place –it is Lingua –velar ,voiceless. The
velopharyngeal port is closed.
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As for spades ,the manner in which it is produced is Lingua-alveolar and the word is voiced
out .In terms of place the word is Fricative.
L.
Alice was just beginning to think to herself, ‘Now what am I to do with this creature when
I get home ?’ when it grunted again ,so violently , that she looked down into its face in
some alarm.
We can see that the Alice passage is a highly complex sentence. It has 3 main sentences with 2
doubly embedded sentences. The three main things to
look for are : 1. the number and length of words
2. the number and type of embedded sentences
3. the verb phrase
Alice was just beginning to think to herself+ Now what am I to do with this creature
when I get home + when it grunted again , so violently + that she looked down into its face
in some alarm.
Alice was ING [Alice just began TO (think to herself)]+ Now what am I to do with this creature
when I get home + when it grunted again , so violently + that [PASSIVE ( she looked down
into its face in some alarm)].
M. Reading the passage below from ‘The History of Mr Polly’ various clues can be drawn .
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For eg : pandon – could refer to warning ,intimidation or an argument to influence the person
through a note.
Insollerable - could mean that Mr Polly was not convinced or puzzled about the situation.
Lunner –could possibly refer to a ‘part of the body’
Furdor /wainds – might refer to the experience or struggle that they faced during the journey to
the island.
Morriers of the island – it could be a physical structure possibly a water body on the island as
it says “struggled into the clutch of the overhanging morriers on the island ,and so got out of the
water”.
Plodentive - covered with something filthy, grimy or unclean, as also in the next sentences he
swears “By Gaw!” –which obviously means that he is angry for being in the present situation.
N.
i) She read the letter which upset me
She read the letter, which upset me.
Sentence A has rising intonation , the stress here is on ‘read’
Sentence B has falling intonation , the stress is on ‘upset’
ii) He keeps his canary in the bathroom.
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He keeps his canary in the bathroom ?
New information- Sentence -A stresses on the noun canary ,the person listening to would
understand that canary and not something else is in the bathroom. Whereas in sentence –B, the
stress is on the word bathroom which tells us about the position or location of the bird.
This can be clearly illustrated when showing our shock and incredulity when pronouncing “He
keeps his canary in the BATHROOM ??” Other feelings students can express and have fun with
in the same way include irritation, impatience, delight and sarcasm.
iii) They went to Australia and Italy.
Here the stress is on Italy as it is gives the second place of destination. There were only two
places.
They went to Australia and Italy…..
Here the stress is on Australia as it gives information that the first place of destination is
Australia , then there could be other places like Italy followed by …. Which could mean that
there were more than two places of destination.
O.
First he put his {dirty sweater} into the {washing machine} ,then returned to the {armchair} in
front of the television.
The above sentence contains 3 morphemes. They are:
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a) Dirty sweater-2 free morphemes ,they can be split into
Dirty sweater
b) Washing machine : 3 morphemes,2 bound 1 free
Wash+ ing machine
c) Armchair: 2 free morphemes
arm and chair
P.
Yes , there is a difference between the pronunciation of the two words .The stress in sentence A
is here progress
T he stress in sentence B is on progress .
Q.
The word ‘room’ in each of these has different meanings with reference to context .In sentence
A it refers to the actual room physically ( 4 walled structure).In sentence B it refers to
space ,i.e. the amount of space available in the case for keeping things. In urdu both of these
words translate into one word .
Room( 4 walled structure ) –ګمرا
Room (space)-جگۃ
R.
In Urdu-Hindi, possession can be expressed with the word ‘paas’ meaning
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‘near’.
1. sadiq=ke paas aik kitaab hai.
Pass =has
‘Sadiq has a book’
Urdu also has a locative usage of this paas that gives its literal meaning near.
2. daryaa=ke paas aik iimaarat hai.
Paas = near
‘There is a building near the river.’
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