N1

N2

N3

lHkh iz'uksa ds mÙkj nhft,Aiz'u 1- Yks[kkadu dks ifjHkkf"kr dhft,A fjdkMZ djrs le; ys[kkdkj dk ekxZn'kZu djus okyh ladYiukvksa dk o.kZu dhft,AmÙkjµys[kkadu ;k ys[kkdj.k dks izk;% ^O;olk; dh Hkk"kk* (Language of Business) dgk tkrk gS A izR;sd Hkk"kk ewyr% lEizs"k.k

(Communication) ds lk/ku ds :i eas dk;Z djrh gS A ys[kkadu }kjk Hkh ;g dk;Z fd;k tkrk gS A ys[kkadu }kjk gh O;olk; eas fgr j[kusokys fofHkUu i{kdkj tSls O;kikj dk Lokeh] ysunkj] fofu;ksxdÙkZ] ljdkj vkfn O;kikfjd xfrfof/k;ksa ds ifj.kkeksa ls voxr gksrs gSa A ;|filkekU;r;k ys[kkadu dk lEcU/k O;olk; ls gS] rFkkfi x`gf.k;ksa] ljdkj ,oa vU; O;fDr;ksa ds }kjk Hkh ys[kkadu dk mi;ksx fd;k tkrk gS A

ys[kkdj.k dh ifjHkk"kk ,oa fo"k; {ks=k (Definition and Scope of Accounting) : ys[kkadu dks fofHkUu fo}kuksa ,oa ys[kk laLFkkuksaus fHkUu&fHkUu :i ls ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gS A fofHkUu fo}kuksa }kjk nh xbZ dqN ifjHkk"kk,¡ bl izdkj gSa %

vkj-,u- ,UFkksuh ds vuqlkj] ̂ ^ys[kkadu iz.kkyh O;olk; ls lEcfU/kr lwpukvksa dks ekSfnzd 'kCnksa esa ,df=r djus] lkjka'k fy[kus] fo'ys"k.kdjus vkSj lwfpr djus dk ,d lk/ku gS A**

gsjksYM ck;jesu ,oa ,yu vkj- Msªfcu ds vuqlkj] ^^ys[kkadu dks O;kolkf;d foÙh; lwpukvksa dks igpkuuk] ekiuk] fy[kuk vkSj laogudjuk dgk tk ldrk gS A**

fLeFk vkSj ,'kcuZ ds vuqlkj] ^^ys[kkadu iz/kku :i ls O;kolkf;d O;ogkjksa vkSj ?kVukvksa ds fy[kus dk foKku gS vkSj foÙh; O;ogkjksa,oa ?kVukvksa dks egÙoiw.kZ lkjka'k cukus] fo'ys"k.k djus] mudh O;k[;k vkSj ifj.kkeksa dks mu O;fDr;ksa rd igqapkus dh dyk gS] ftUgsa mudsvk/kkj ij fu.kZ; ysus gSa A**

vesfjdu ,dkmfUVax ,slksfl,'ku ds vuqlkjµ^^ys[kkdj.k vkfFkZd tkudkjh dks igpkuus] vkadus rFkk lEizsf"kr djus dh og izfØ;k gSftlds vk/kkj ij bl tkudkjh ds mi;ksxdÙkkZ Hkyh izdkj vuqeku yxkdj fu.kZ; ys ldrs gSa A**

bl ifjHkk"kk esa rhu ckrksa dks fo'ks"k egÙo fn;k x;k gS % vkfFkZd tkudkjh dks igpkuuk] vkaduk rFkk lEizsf"kr djuk Ays[kkadu dh lokZf/kd izkekf.kd ifjHkk"kk vesfjdk ds bULVhV~;wV vkWQ lfVZQkWbM ifCyd ,dkmUVsUV~l (AICPA) dh 'kCnkoyh lfefr

ds vuqlkjµ^^ys[kkadu lkSnksa ,oa ?kVukvksa dks] tks fd de ls de va'kr% foÙh; izd`fr ds gSa] izHkkoiw.kZ rjhds ls vkSj eqnzk esa vfHkys[k djus] oxhZdj.k

djus rFkk lkjka'k esa O;Dr djus ,oa muds ifj.kkeksa dh O;k[;k djus dh dyk gS A** (Accounting is the art of recording, classifyingand summarising in a significant manner and in terms of money, transactions and events which are, in part at least,ofa financial character, and interpreting the results thereof.)

–Committee on Terminology of American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, U.S.A.

dksbZ Hkh O;olk; lk/kkj.kr;k mlds Lokeh }kjk yxkbZ x;h iw¡th ls vkjEHk fd;k tkrk gS A O;olk; dk Lokeh cSad rFkk vU; foÙh;laLFkkvksa ls O;kikj pykus ds fy;s dqN /ku m/kkj Hkh ys ldrk gS A bl /ku ls O;olk; ds fy;s vko';d ifjlEifÙ;ksa (Assets) dks tqVk;k

ASSIGNMENT SOLUTIONS GUIDE (2015-2016)

E.C.O.-2Yks[kkfofèkµI

Disclaimer/Special Note: These are just the sample of the Answers/Solutions to some of the Questions given in theAssignments. These Sample Answers/Solutions are prepared by Private Teacher/Tutors/Authors for the help and guidanceof the student to get an idea of how he/she can answer the Questions given the Assignments. We do not claim 100%accuracy of these sample answers as these are based on the knowledge and capability of Private Teacher/Tutor. Sampleanswers may be seen as the Guide/Help for the reference to prepare the answers of the Questions given in the assignment.As these solutions and answers are prepared by the private teacher/tutor so the chances of error or mistake cannot bedenied. Any Omission or Error is highly regretted though every care has been taken while preparing these Sample Answers/Solutions. Please consult your own Teacher/Tutor before you prepare a Particular Answer and for up-to-date and exactinformation, data and solution. Student should must read and refer the official study material provided by the university.

N4

tkrk gS rFkk O;olk; ds vU; dk;Z fd;s tkrs gSa A bl izfØ;k esa vusd ysunsu gksrs gSa A ys[kkdkj bu ysunsuksa dh igpku djrk gS ftldkmls fjdkMZ j[kuk gS] /ku ds :i esa vk¡drk gS rFkk mfpr ys[kk iqLrdksa esa mudk fjdkMZ j[krk gS A blds ckn og ysunsuksa dk oxhZdj.k djrkgS] muds lkj dks ykHk&gkfu [kkrk (Profit and Loss Account) rFkk rqyu&i= ¼fpV~Bk½ (Balance Sheet) ds :i esa izLrqr djrk gS A lkFkgh lkFk mudk fo'ys"k.k vkSj O;k[;k djus ds ckn muds ifj.kke dks lEcfU/kr i{kdkjksa rd igq¡pkrk gS A lkj :i ls ;gh ys[kkdj.k gS A

mi;qZDr O;k[;k ds vk/kkj ij ys[kkdj.k dk fo"k; {ks= fuEu izdkj ls izLrqr fd;k tk ldrk gS %1. ys[kkdj.k dk lEcU/k mu ysu&nsuksa rFkk O;kikfjd ?kVukvksa ls gS tks foÙh; (Financial) izd`fÙ ds gSa A bu ysu&nsuksa dks ys[kkdkj dks

igpkuuk gksrk gS A og fofHkUu fcyksa rFkk jlhnksa dh lgk;rk ls ,slk djrk gS A2. igpku djus ds ckn ysu&nsuksa dks ys[kk iqLrdksa esa ekSfnzd :i esa ¼/kujkf'k ds :i esa½ izLrqr fd;k tkuk pkfg, A3. ysu&nsuksa dks /kujkf'k ds :i esa igpkuus ds i'pkr~cgh ¼ftls tuZy dgrs gaS½ esa fjdkMZ fd;k tkrk gS vFkok tuZy ds fdlh mioxZ

¼lgk;d cgh½ esa fjdkMZ fd;k tkrk gS AfjdkMZ fd;s x;s ysunsuksa dk mfpr izdkj ls oxhZdj.k fd;k tkrk gS A oxhZdj.k dk dk;Z ,d vyx cgh esa fd;k tkrk gS ftls [kkrkcgh

(Ledger) dgrs gSa A [kkrkcgh esa izR;sd en ds fy, vyx&vyx [kkrs [kksys tkrs gSa rkfd muls lEcfU/kr lHkh ysu&nsu ,d LFkku ij ntZfd;s tk ldsa A

5. oxhZdj.k ds i'pkr~foÙh; O;ogkjksa dks lkjka'k :i esa izLrqr djus gsrq ykHk&gkfu [kkrk cuk;k tkrk gS tks 'kq) ykHk@gkfu dks n'kkZrkgS rFkk rqyu&i= rS;kj fd;k tkrk gS tks O;olk; dh foÙh; fLFkfr iznf'kZr djrk gS A

6. laf{kIr ;k lkj :i esa izLrqr fd, x, ifj.kkeksa dk fo'ys"k.k fd;k tkrk gS A fo'ys"k.k gsrq ys[kkadu vuqikrksa dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS Ackn esa ;s vkadM+s fjiksVZ ds :i esa lEcfU/kr i{kdkjksa dks Hkst fn;s tkrs gSa A

vfHkys[ku ¼fjdkMZ½ lEcU/kh ladYiuk,¡ (Concepts)–fuEufyf[kr ladYiuk,¡ fofHkUu ysu&nsuksa dks igpkuus] mudks vkadus rFkkvfHkys[k esa ys[kkdkj dk ekxZn'kZu djrh gaS %

1. O;kolkf;d bdkbZ dh ladYiuk(Business Entity Concept)

2. eqnzk ekiu dh ladYiuk(Money Measurement Concept)

3. ,sfrgkfld fjdkMZ dh ladYiuk(Historical Record Concept)

4. oLrqfu"B lk{; dh ladYiuk(Objective Evidence Concept)

5. ykxr ladYiuk (Cost Concept)

6. f}i{kh; ladYiuk (Dual Aspect Concept)

1. O;kolkf;d bdkbZ ladYiukµ(Business Entity Concept)–ys[kkadu eas] O;kikj rFkk mlds Lokeh dk vfLrRo vyx&vyxekuk tkrk gS rFkk lHkh ysu&nsuksa dk ys[kk O;kikj ds n`f"Vdks.k ls fd;k tkrk gS A okLro esa] O;kikj mlds Lokeh ls i`Fkd~vkfFkZd vfLrRoj[krk gS A O;olk; dk Lokeh Hkh O;olk; esa yxk;s x;s lk/ku vFkkZr~iwath rd ds fy, O;olk; dk ysunkj gS vkSj blfy, O;olk; esa jksdM+[kkrs (Cash A/c) dks MsfcV djds ekfyd ds [kkrs dks ØsfMV ¼iwath [kkrk½ fd;k tkrk gS rFkk O;olk; esaa vkgj.k (Drawings) djus ij ekfyddk [kkrk vkgj.k [kkrk (Drawings A/c½ MsfcV djds jksdM+ ;k eky [kkrk (Cash or Goods A/c) ØsfMV fd;k tkrk gS A ;fn bl ladYiukdk ikyu u fd;k tk;s rks O;kikj dh okLrfod fLFkfr Kkr djuk vR;Ur dfBu gksxk A

2. eqnzk ekiu dh ladYiuk (Money Measurement Concept)–bl ladYiuk ds vuqlkj ys[kkadu esa dsoy mUgha ysu&nsuksa ,oa?kVukvksa dk ys[kk fd;k tkrk gS ftUgsa eqnzk esa O;Dr fd;k tk ldrk gS] vU; ?kVuk,a ugha] pkgs os fdruh gh egÙoiw.kZ D;ksa u gksa A mnkgj.kr;k]eku yks foØ; izcU/kd (sales manager) vkSj mRiknu izcU/kd (production manager) ds chp >xM+k gks tkrk gS A blds ifj.kkeLo:iO;olk; dks vo'; gh gkfu gksxh] fdUrq dksbZ Hkh O;fDr ekSfnzd vadksa esa ;g ugha crk ldrk gS fd QeZ dks blls fdruh gkfu gksxh vkSj dcgksxh A vr% bl izdkj dh ?kVukvksa dk O;olk; dh ys[kk&iqLrdksa esa fdlh izdkj dk mYys[k ugha fd;k tkrk gS A

eqnzk gh ,d ,slk ekin.M gS] ftlesa ge O;olk; ds fofHkUUk izdkj ds rF;ksa dks fy[k ldrs gSa A la[;k,¡ tksM+h vkSj ?kVk;h tk ldrhgSa A eku yks] ,d O;kolkf;d QeZ ds ikl 20,000 + #i;s jkssdM+ ds :i esa] 6,000 fdyksxzke dPpk eky] 5 Vªd o 5,000 gtkj oxZ ehVj

N5

Hkwfe gS A ;s la[;k,¡ ,d lkFk tksM+h ugha tk ldrha] D;ksafd buds tksM+us ls dksbZ vFkZ ugha fudyrk gS A ;fn bUgsa eqnzk ds :i esa O;Dr fd;ktk;s rks gesa ekywe gksxk fd ml O;kolkf;d laLFkk dh lEifÙ;ksa dk dqy fdruk ewY; gS A ;fn mi;qZDr lEifÙ;ksa dk ewY; eqnzk esa bl izdkjgS % jksdM+ 20,000 #-] dPPkk eky 5,000 #-] Vªd 4,00,000 vkSj Hkwfe 1,00,000 rks bl izdkj dqy lEifÙ;ksa dk ewY; 5,25,000 #-gksxk A

bl ekU;rk ds dqN nks"k Hkh gSa A bl ekU;rk us ys[kkadu dk {ks= lhfer dj fn;k gS D;ksafd bl ekU;rk ds dkj.k ,slh ?kVukvksa dkys[kk&iqLrdksa esa vfHkys[k lEHko ugha ftls eqnzk esa ugha ekik tk ldrk A bl izdkj O;olk; esa dqN ?kVuk,a ,slh gksrh gaS tks izR;{k :i ls O;olk;dh vtZu {kerk dks izHkkfor djrh gSa] fdUrq mudk ekSfnzd ewY; u gksus ds dkj.k ,slh ?kVukvksa dks ys[kk&fof/k esa dksbZ LFkku ugha fn;k tkrkgS A

bl ekU;rk dk ;g Hkh nks"k gS fd eqnzk dh Ø;&'kfDr esa gksus okys ifjorZuksa ij Hkh /;ku ugha nsrh gS A eqnzk dh Ø;&'kfDr esa rsth lsifjorZu gks tkus ij foÙh;&fooj.k HkzekRed ifj.kke Hkh ns ldrs gSa A

3. ,sfrgkfld vfHkys[k ¼fjdkMZ½ dh ladYiuk (Historical Record Concept)–ysu&nsu dh igpku djus rFkk eqnzk ds :i esa mudkvadu djus ds ckn gh ge ys[kk&iqLrdksa esa mudks fjdkMZ djrs gSa A bl ladYiuk ds vuqlkj ge dsoy mUgha ysu&nsuksa dks fjdkMZ djrs gSa tksokLro esa gks pqds gSa u fd mudks tks Hkfo"; esa gks ldrs gSa A bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd ys[kkadu esa ysu&nsu dh igpku djuk rFkk muds fy,oLrqfu"B izek.k izLrqr djuk vko';d gS A ;g dsoy mUgha ysu&nsuksa ds fy, lEHko gS tks okLro esa gks pqds gSa A Hkkoh ysu&nsuksa dks u rks igpkuktk ldrk gS vkSj u gh mUgsa lgh <ax ls vkadk tk ldrk gS A ys[kkaas esa izR;sd ysu&nsu dks frfFk ds vuqlkj fy[kk tkrk gS A bl izdkj leLrysu&nsu dk ,d ,sfrgkfld vfHkys[k rS;kj gks tkrk gS A

4. oLrqfu"B lk{; dh ladYiuk (Objective Evidence Concept)–bl ladYiuk ds vuqlkj leLr ysu&nsu tks ys[kksa esa iznf'kZr fd;sx;s gSa] mfpr izek.kdksa (vouchers) ij vk/kkfjr gksus pkfg;s A vU; 'kCnksa esa] leLr ysu&nsu O;kolkf;d izek.kdksa }kjk lR;kfir ,oa izekf.krgksus pkfg, A bu leFkZd izek.kdksa (supporting Vouchers) ls ysu&nsu dh fo'oluh;rk] U;k;'khyrk rFkk lR;kiu'khyrk c<+ tkrh gS Aizek.kdksa ls vk'k; ysu&nsu ls lEcfU/kr lgk;d izys[k ¼tSl fcy] jlhn] dS'k feeks vkfn½ ls gS A

5. ykxr dh ladYiuk (Cost Concept)–ykxr ladYiuk ds vuqlkj ys[kk iqLrdksa esa leLr lEifÙ;ksa dks mu ewY;ksa ij fn[kyk;k tk;sftu ij mUgsa Ø; fd;k x;k gS A tc lEifÙ dks ykxr ewY; ij ntZ fd;k tkrk gS rks lEifÙ ds okLrfod ewY; esa ifjorZu dks lkekU;rkys[kk iqLrdksa esa ntZ ugha fd;k tkrk gS A mnkgj.kkFkZ] Hkwfe dk ,d VqdM+k 5 yk[k #0 esa [kjhnk x;k ftldk vfUre [kkrs cukrs le; ckt+kjewY; ;fn 4 yk[k #0 gks tk;s ;k 6 yk[k #0 gks tk;s rks ckt+kj ewY; dk /;ku ugha j[kk tk;sxk A bl izdkj ykxr ladYiuk ds vk/kkj ijfpV~Bk ftl le; rS;kj fd;k tkrk gS] lEifÙ fdrus esa fcd ldrh gS] bl ckr dk /;ku ugha j[kk tkrk gS A

ykxr ladYiuk dk ;g vk'k; ugha gS fd lEifÙ;k¡ ges'kk gh ykxr ij fpV~Bs esa n'kkZ;h tk;saxh A ftu LFkk;h lEifÙ;ksa ij ewY; Ðkl(Depreciation) yxrk gS] mu lEifÙ;ksa dh ykxr izfro"kZ ewY; Ðkl ?kVk dj vifyf[kr ewY; ;k iqLrd ewY; ij fpB~Bs esa n'kkZ;h tk;sxh A

LFkk;h lEifÙ;ksa dks ykxr ewY; vko/kkj.kk ds vk/kkj ij fpV~Bs esa fn[kkus ls fpV~Bk lgh vkfFkZd fLFkfr dk fnXn'kZu ugha dj ikrk D;ksafdeqnzkLQhfr ds ;qx esa [kjhnh xbZ lEifÙ ds okLrfod ewY; esa dkykUrj esa dkQh o`f) gks tkrh gS A

6. f}i{kh; ladYiuk (Dual Aspect Concept)–;g ys[kkadu dh vk/kkjHkwr ladYiuk gS A bl ladYiuk ds vuqlkj] izR;sd ysu&nsuds nks igyw gksrs gSa vFkkZr~ys[kkadu esa izR;sd O;ogkj vFkok ?kVuk nks ;k nks ls vf/kd [kkrksa dks izHkkfor djrh gS A ,d [kkrs dk MsfcV i{krFkk nwljs [kkrs esa ØsfMV i{k izHkkfor gksrk gS A ;g f}i{kh; ladYiuk nksgjk ys[kk iz.kkyh dk vk/kkj gS O;olk; ds izR;sd ysu&nsu dk nks i{kksaij nkok gksrk gS A ;Fkkµvk; dk O;; ij rFkk O;; dk vk; ij] lEifÙ;ksa dk nkf;Roksa ij rFkk nkf;Roksa dk lEifÙ;ksa ij A

vr% izR;sd O;kolkf;d bdkbZ ds ikl ftruh lEifÙ;k¡ (Assets) gksrh gSa mudh dqy nsunkjh (Liabilities) Hkh mRiUu gksxh A nsunkjhnks izdkj dh gks ldrh gSaµLokeh dh iw¡th rFkk og jkf'k tks Lokeh ds vfrfjDr vU; O;fDr;ksa dks pqdkuh gS A bl izdkj O;kikj esa fdlh Hkhle;µ

lEifÙ;k¡ (Assets) = dqy nsunkjh(Total Liabilities)

;k lEifÙ;k¡ (Assets) = iw¡th (Capital) + vU;nsunkfj;k¡ (Liabilities)

bls ys[kk lehdj.k Hkh dgrs gSa A bl lehdj.k dks rduhdh :i ls bl izdkj crk;k tk ldrk gS fd ^^izR;sd ukes** dh en ds fy,,d cjkcj tek dh en gksrh gS A** (For every debit there is an equivalent credit).

N6

iz'u 2 ¼d½ mu enksa ds uke crkb, ftudk ys[kk izs"k.k [kkrs esa chtd ewY; ij fd;k tkrk gSA chtd ewY; ij eky Hkstus ds dkj.kksadk mYys[k dhft,A

mÙkjµlk/kkj.kr;k Hkkj mu lHkh enksa esa lfEefyr jgrk gS ftudk ys[kk izs"k.k [kkrs esa chtd ewY; ij fd;k tkrk gS] ;s ensa fuEu gSa %(i) izkjfEHkd LVkWd(ii) izs"k.k ij Hkstk x;k eky(iii) izs"k.kh }kjk ykSVk;k x;k eky(iv) vafre LVkWd AHkkj ds lek;kstu ds fy, dh tkus okyh izfof"V;k¡1. izkjfEHkd LVkWd ds fy, %Stock Reserve A/c Dr.

[Invoice Price – Cost Price]To Consignment A/c

2. izs"k.k ij Hksts x, eky ds fy, %Goods sent on Consignment A/c Dr.

[Invoice Price – Cost Price]To Consignment A/c

3. izs"k.kh }kjk ykSVk;k x;k eky %Consignment A/c Dr.

[Invoice Price – Cost Price]To Goods Sent on Consignment A/c

4. vafre LVkWd ds fy, %Consignment A/c Dr.

[Invoice Price – Cost Price]To Stock Reserve A/c

chtd ewY; og ewY; gksrk gS ftl ij izs"kd izs"k.kh dks eky Hkstrk gS tcfd foØ; ewY; og ewY; gksrk gS ftl ij izs"k.kh xzkgdksa dks ekycsprk gS A

izs"kd chtd ewY; ij eky blfy, Hkstrk gS rkfd izs"k.kh dks okLrfod ykxr dk irk u py ldsA blds vfrfjDr dqN vU; dkj.kHkh gks ldrs gSa] tks bl izdkj gSa %

1. izs"k.kh dks izs"k.k ij gq, ykHkksa dk irk u py lds ftlls og vf/kd deh'ku dh ek¡x ugha dj ldsxk A2. ;fn izs"k.kh dks okLrfod ykxr dk irk yxsxk rks og dqN xyr rjhds viuk ldrk gS] tSls Lo;a de ewY; ij eky [kjhn dj cktkj

esa vf/kd ewY; ij cspuk A3. blesa izs"k.kh dks ml U;wure ewY; dk Kku gks tkrk gS ftl ij mls eky cspuk gS A¼[k½ la;qDr miØe ds ys[kksa dks fjdkMZ djus ds fy, i`Fkd ys[kk iqLrd fofèk dh ppkZ dhft,AmÙkjµi`Fkd ys[kk iqLrdsa j[kuk (Separate Set of Books)–bl i)fr esa lg&miØfe;ksa ¼lkgfl;ksa½ }kjk la;qDr miØe O;kikj gsrq

i`Fkd~ls iqLrd j[kh tkrh gS A bl fof/k esa fuEufyf[kr [kkrs cuk;s tkrs gSa %1. la;qDr cSad [kkrk (Joint Bank Account)–leLr lkgfl;ksa }kjk yxkbZ xbZ iw¡th ls la;qDr cSad [kkrk [kksy fn;k tkrk gS A la;qDr

miØe ls lEcfU/kr leLr ysu&nsuksa dk ys[kk la;qDr cSad [kkrs ds ek/;e ls fd;k tkrk gS A2. la;qDr miØe [kkrk (Joint Venture Account)–la;qDr miØe [kkrk ykHk&gkfu ds leku gS ftlesa miØe ds leLr O;;ksa rFkk vk;

dk ys[kk gksrk gS A bl [kkrs dk ØsfMV i{k dk ;ksx vf/kd gksus ij ykHk o MsfcV i{k dk ;ksx vf/kd gksus ij gkfu gksrh gS A3. lkgfl;ksa ds iw¡th [kkrs ;k O;fDrxr [kkrs (Capital or Personal Accounts of Co-adventurers)–la;qDr miØe

lEcU/kh O;ogkjksa esa tc O;fDrxr [kkrs izHkkfor gksrs gSa rc bu [kkrksa esa izfof"V dh tkrh gSa Abl fof/k esaa fuEu tuZy izfof"V;k¡ dh tkrh gSaa %

N7

tuZy izfof"V;k¡ (Journal Entries)

1. i¡wth yxkus ij Joint Bank A/c Dr.To Co-adventurer’s A/c

2. ¼v½ eky Ø; djus ij Joint Venture A/c Dr.

To Joint Bank A/c ¼udn Ø; ij½To Supplier’s A/c ¼m/kkj Ø; ij½To Co-adventurer’s A/c

¼lkglh }kjk eky nsus ij½¼c½ m/kkj Ø; dk Hkqxrku djus ij Supplier’s A/c Dr.

To Joint Bank A/c

3. O;;ksa ds Hkqxrku ij Joint Venture A/c Dr.

To Joint Bank A/c ¼udn O;;½4. eky foØ; ij Joint Bank A/c Dr. ¼udn foØ;½

Customer’s A/c Dr. ¼m/kkj foØ;½Co-adventurer’s A/c Dr. ¼lkglh }kjk

foØ;½5. xzkgd ls jksdM+ ;k izkIr fcy (B/R) feyus ij Joint Bank A/c Dr.

Bills Receivable A/c Dr.To Customer’s A/c

6. izkI; fcy dks cSad ls Hkqukus ij Joint Bank A/c Dr.¼izkIr udn jkf'k½Joint Venture A/c Dr. ¼cV~Vk jkf'k½

To Bills Receivable A/c

7. la;qDr lkgfl;ksa dks ns; jkf'k;k¡ tSlsµC;kt] Joint Venture A/c Dr.

deh'ku vkfn A To Co-adventurer’s A/c

8. vfUre LVkWd la;qDr miØe esa 'ks"k Closing Stock A/c Dr.

jg tkus ij To Joint Venture A/c

9. lkgfl;ksa }kjk vfUre LVkWd ysus ij Co-adventurer’s A/c Dr.To Closing Stock A/c

10. ykHk gksus ij Joint Venture A/c Dr.To Co-adventurer’s A/c

11. gkfu gksus ij Co-adventurer’s A/c Dr.To Joint Venture A/c

12. la;qDr lkglh ls ns; jkf'k ¼MsfcV 'ks"k½ Joint Bank A/c Dr.

izkIr gksus ij To Co-venturer’s A/c

13. la;qDr lkglh dks iw¡th okilh ij Co-venturer’s A/c Dr.To Joint Bank A/c

iz'u 3- bdgjh ys[kk iz.kkyh ls D;k vfHkizk; gS\ bdgjh ys[kk iz.kkyh ,oa nksgjh ys[kk iz.kkyh esa varj crkb,A tc ys[ks viw.kZ gksarks ml fLFkfr eas ykHk Kkr djus dh nksuksa fofèk;ksa dk o.kZu dhft,A

mÙkjµbdgjh ys[kk iz.kkyh (Single Entry System)–bdgjh ys[kk iz.kkyh ds vUrxZr izR;sd ysu&nsu O;ogkj ds nksuksa i{k MsfcV rFkkØsfMV dks ugha fy[kk tkrk rFkk dsoy O;fDrxr [kkrs ,oa jksdM+ [kkrk (Cash Account) cuk;k tkrk gS A ;fn dksbZ O;kikjh vU; lgk;dcfg;ksa tSls Ø; cgh] foØ; cgh j[krk gS rc muds fy[kus dh fof/k rks f}&vadu iz.kkyh ds leku gksrh gS ijUrq iksfLVax djrs le; [kkrkcgh

N8

esa dsoy O;fDrxr [kkrs gh [kksys tkrs gSaa AleLr voS;fDrd [kkrs (Impersonal Accounts) tSlsµosru] et+nwjh] fdjk;k vkfn [kkrkcgh esaugha [krk, tkrs A ;fn 500 #0 dk Hkqxrku et+nwjh ds fy, fd;k x;k gS rc dsoy jksdM+ [kkrs dks gh ØsfMV fd;k tkrk gS] etnwjh [kkrs dksMsfcV ugha djrs A blh dkj.k bdgjh ys[kk iz.kkyh dks ,d viw.kZ rFkk voSKkfud iz.kkyh dgk tkrk gS A bl iz.kkyh esa fuf'pr fl)kUrksa dkvuqlj.k u djrs gq, f}&izfof"V iz.kkyh dks vko';drkuqlkj lek;ksftr dj fy;k tkrk gS A

bdgjh ys[kk iz.kkyh rFkk nksgjh ys[kk ¼f}&vadu½ iz.kkyh esa vUrj(Dif ference between Single Entry System and Double Entry System)

vkèkkj

1. nksuksa igyw(Both aspects)

2. [kkrs (Accounts)

3. ryiV(Trial Balance)

4. ykHk&gkfu(Profit or Loss)

5. foÙh; fLFkfr(Financial position)

6. lek;kstuk,¡(Adjustments)

7. iz;ksx (Use)

8. oSKkfud ,oa iw.kZ(Scientific andcomplete)

bdgjh ys[kk iz.kkyh

1. bl iz.kkyh esa dqN ysu&nsuksa ds nksuksa igyqvksadk vkSj dqN ds ,d igyw dk ys[kk fd;ktkrk gS A

2. bl iz.kkyh esa dsoy oS;fDrd rFkk jksdM+[kkrk gh [kksyk tkrk gS A

3. bl iz.kkyh esa ys[ks iw.kZ u gksus ds dkj.kryiV ugha cuk;k tk ldrk gS A

4. bl iz.kkyh esa fuf'pr vof/k ds i'pkr~ykHko gkfu tkuus ds fy;s ykHk&gkfu [kkrk ughacuk;k tkrk gS A ykHk o gkfu Kkr djus dhfof/k lUrks"ktud ugha gS A

5. bl iz.kkyh esa fLFkfr&fooj.k ugha cuk;k tkrkgS A dsoy voLFkk&fooj.k dks rS;kj fd;ktkrk gS A

6. bl iz.kkyh esa lek;kstukvksa dk lekos'k ughagksrk gS A

7. bl iz.kkyh dk iz;ksx dsoy NksVs O;kikjh rFkkO;fDrxr laLFkkvksa }kjk fd;k tkrk gS A

8. ;g ,d voSKkfud ,oa viw.kZ iz.kkyh gS A

f}&vadu iz.kkyh

1. f}&vadu iz.kkyh esa ysu&nsu ds nksuksa igyqvksadk ys[kk fd;k tkrk gS A

2. bl iz.kkyh esa oS;fDrd] okLrfod vkSjukeek= vkfn lHkh izdkj ds [kkrs [kksystkrs gSa A

3. bl iz.kkyh esa [kkrksaa dh xf.krh; 'kq)rkdh tk¡p gsrq ryiV rS;kj fd;k tkrk gS A

4. bl iz.kkyh es a fuf'pr vof/k dsi'pkr~'kq) ykHk o gkfu dks ykHk&gkfu[kkrk cuk dj ekywe fd;k tkrk gS A

5. bl iz.kkyh esa fLFkfr&fooj.k rS;kj djdsO;kikj dh foÙh; fLFkfr dk lgh KkuizkIr fd;k tk ldrk gS A

6. bl iz.kkyh esa vfUre [kkrs rS;kj le;lek;kstuk,¡ dh tkrh gSa A

7. bl iz.kkyh dk iz;ksx lHkh izdkj dsO;kikj&x`gksa }kjk fd;k tk ldrk gS A

8. ;g ,d oSKkfud ,oa iw.kZ iz.kkyh gS A

ts-vkj- ckVyhck; ds vuqlkj] ^^,dkaxh iz.kkyh dk vk'k; iqLrikyu dh ml iz.kkyh ls gS ftlesa nsunkjksa rFkk ysunkjksa ds dsoy O;fDrxr[kkrs j[ks tkrs gSa A dHkh&dHkh lk/kkj.k lgk;d iqLrdsa (Subsidiary Books) mlh izdkj j[kh tkrh gSa] tSls nksgjh ys[kk iz.kkyh esa j[kh tkrhgSa ijUrq muesa ls dsoy mUgha ys[kksa dh iksfLVax dh tkrh gS tks O;fDrxr [kkrksa ls lEcfU/kr gksrs gSa ----- okLro esa ,dkaxh iz.kkyh iqLrikyudh dksbZ fo'ks"k iz.kkyh ugha gS cfYd viw.kZ :i ls nksgjh ys[kk iz.kkyh gh gS A**

ykHk Kkr djus dh fof/k;k¡ (Methods ofAscertaining Profit)

tc ys[ks iw.kZ u gksa rks ykHk Kkr djus dh fuEu nks fofÌ;k¡ gSa %(1) fucy lEifÙk fof/k (Net-worth Method)–bl fofÌ esa fdlh o"kZ dk 'kq) ykHk Kkr djus ds fy, nks voLFkk&fooj.k (Statement

of Affairs) rS;kj djus iM+rs gSaµ,d o"kZ ds vkjEHk dk vkSj nwljk o"kZ ds vUr dk A voLFkk forj.k ds vk/kkj ij O;kikj dh iw¡th dk Kkugksxk A

voLFkk fooj.k esa fLFkfr&fooj.k (Balance Sheet) dh Hkk¡fr nks vksj (sides) gksrh gSaµnk;ha vksj dks lEifÙ i{k dgrs gSa vkSj ck;ha vksjdks ns;/ku i{k dgrs gSa A ;fn lEifÙ dh vksj ds tksM+ esa ls ns;/ku dk tksM+ ?kVk fn;k tk, rks O;kikjh dh iw¡th Kkr gks tk,xh A

i¡wth (Capital) = dqy lEifÙ;k¡ (Total Assets)

– ns;/ku (Liabilities)

ykHk dh ek=k Kkr djus ds fy, O;kikjh }kjk o"kZ ds vkjEHk vkSj o"kZ ds vUr dh iw¡th Kkr dh tkrh gS A ;g iw¡th mls nksvoLFkk&fooj.kksaµo"kZ ds vkjEHk dk vkSj vUr dkµls Kkr gks tkrh gS A vfUre iw¡th izkjfEHkd iwath ls vf/kd gks rks O;kikjh dks ykHk gksrkgS A blds foijhr] ;fn o"kZ ds vUr esa vkjEHk dh vis{kk mldh i¡wth de gks x;h gks rks ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd mls gkfu gqbZ A

N9

bl iz.kkyh esa ykHk dh x.kuk gsrq nks lek;kstu vko';d gSa %(i) yxkbZ x;h vfrfjDr iw¡th (Additional Capital Introduced)–O;olk; esa yxkbZ xbZ vfrfjDr iw¡th dh jkf'k dks vof/k ds vUr

dh iw¡th esa ls ?kVk nsrs gSa] D;kssafd o"kZ ds chp esa vfrfjDr iw¡th yxkus ds dkj.k vfUre iw¡th dh o`f) dks o"kZ ds ykHk dk ifj.kke ugha le>ukpkfg, A

(ii) vkgj.k (Drawings)–Lokeh }kjk dh x;h vkgj.k dks vUr dh iw¡th esa tksM+k tkrk gS] D;ksafd o"kZ ds chp esa fudkyh x;h jkf'k lsvUr dh iw¡th de gks tkrh gS fdUrq ykHk de ugha gksrk gS A

ykHk Kkr djus gsrq fuEu lw= dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS %

ykHk = ¼vfUre iw¡th $ vkgj.k µ vfrfjDr iw¡th½ µ izkjfEHkd iw¡th(Profit = Capital at the end + Drawings

– Additional capital – Capital in the beginning)

mi;qZDr lw= dks fuEu izdkj ls ykHk&gkfu fooj.k ds :i esa Hkh fn[kk;k tk ldrk gS %

STATEMENT OF PROFIT AND LOSSfor the year ended ....

Rs.Capital at the end -

Add: Drawings during the year -Less: Additional Capital introduced during the year -

Adjusted Capital at the end -Less : Capital in the beginning -

Profit or Loss for the year -

mi;qZDr leLr izfØ;k dks uhps lkjka'k ds :i esa fn;k x;k gS %

(1) loZizFke] izkjEHk dh iw¡th dks Kkr djus ds fy, izkjfEHkd voLFkk&fooj.k rS;kj djsa A

(2) fQj] vfUre iw¡th dks Kkr djus ds fy, o"kZ ds vUr dk voLFkk&fooj.k rS;kj djsa A

(3) vfUre iw¡th esa vkgj.k tksM+ dj rFkk o"kZ esa fofu;ksftr vfrfjDr iw¡th dks ?kVk dj lek;ksftr vfUre iw¡th dh jkf'k Kkr djsa A

(4) vfUre lek;ksftr iw¡th esa ls izkjEHk dh iw¡th dks ?kVkb, A ;g 'ks"k ;k rks ykHk vFkok gkfu gksrk gS A

2. laifjorZu fof/k (Conversion Method)–bl fof/k esa lk/kkj.kr;k jksdM+ cgh ds lkFk&lkFk ysunkjksa rFkk nsunkjksa ds ystj Hkh j[kstkrs gSa A bl izdkj ;|fi ys[ks viw.kZ gksrs gSa ijUrq O;kikj ,oa ykHk&gkfu [kkrk cukus ds fy, os i;kZIr lwpuk iznku djrs gSa A blfy, ykHkKkr djus ds fy, ;g fof/k viuk;h tkrh gS ftlds vUrxZr vKkr jdesa Kkr djus ds ckn vfUre [kkrs rS;kj fd;s tkrs gSa A

iz'u 4- ¼d½ vk; O;; [kkrs ls vidk D;k rkRi;Z gS\ ;g izkfIr ,oa Hkqxrku [kkrs ls fdl izdkj fHkUu gS\

mÙkjµvk;&O;; [kkrk (Income and Expenditure Account)–vk;&O;; [kkrs dks cukus dk mís'; laLFkk dh vk;&O;; dh fLFkfrdh tkudkjh djuk gS] vFkkZr~o"kZ esa vk; vf/kd gqbZ gS vFkok O;; vf/kd gq, gSa A vk; dk O;; ij vkf/kD; laLFkk ds cpr (surplus)

rFkk O;;kas dk vk; ij vkf/kD; laLFkk ds fy, ?kkVs (Deficit) dh fLFkfr izdV djrk gS A ;g [kkrk ykHk&gkfu [kkrs ds leku gksrk gS A bl[kkrs esa leLr vkxe O;; ¼pkyw o"kZ ds pkgs mudk Hkqxrku gks vFkok ugha½ gkfu;k¡ MsfcV i{k esa rFkk leLr vkxe izkfIr;k¡ vkSj ykHk ¼pkywo"kZ dsµpkgs os izkIr gq, gkas vFkok ugha½ dks ØsfMV i{k esa n'kkZ;k tkrk gS A

N10

vkèkkj

1. mís';

2. izd`fr3. izk:i

4. 'ks"k

5. vkxe ,oa iw¡thxrensaa

6. vUroZLrq

7. fLFkfr&fooj.k

8. Ðkl

izkfIr ,oa Hkqxrku [kkrk

1. izkfIr ,oa Hkqxrku [kkrs dk mís'; fdlhvof/k ls lEcU/kh vfUre gLrLFk jksdM+vFkok cSad ds 'ks"k dks Kkr djuk gS A

2. ;g [kkrk udn ysu&nsuksa dk lkjka'k gS A3. blds MsfcV i{k esa izkfIr;k¡ vkSj ØsfMV i{k

esa Hkqxrku fy[ks tkrs gSaa A4. blds vkjEHk ;k vUr esa jksdM+ ;k cSad 'ks"k

gksrk gS A5. blesa vkxe ,oa iw¡thxr nksuksa gh izdkj dh

ensa fn[kykbZ tkrh gSa A6. blesa izfof"V jkf'k;ksa ds fy, ;g vko';d

ugah gS fd os pkyw o"kZ ls gh lEcfU/kr gksa Ablessa xr o"kZ vFkok vkxkeh o"kZ ls lEcfUÌrjkf'k;ksa dks Hkh lfEefyr fd;k tkrk gS A

7. blds lkFk fLFkfr&fooj.k rS;kj djukvko';d ugha gksrk gS A

8. Ðkl blesa lfEefyr ugha gksrk A

vk;&O;; [kkrk

1. vk;&O;; [kkrs dk mís'; vof/k fo'ks"kds ysu&nsuksa ds ifj.kke vFkkZr~cpr(surplus) vFkok deh (deficit) dkscrykuk gS A

2. ;g [kkrk ykHk&gkfu [kkrs ds leku gS A3. blds MsfcV i{k esa O;; vkSj ØsfMV i{k

esa vk; fy[kh tkrh gSa A4. blds vkjEHk esa jksdM+ ;k cSad 'ks"k ugha

gksrk gS A5. blesa dsoy vkxe ensa (revenue

items) gh fn[kkbZ tkrh gSa A6. blesa dsoy pkyw o"kZ ls lEcfU/kr vk;

,oa O;; ls lEcfU/kr jkf'k;k¡ 'kkfey dhtkrh gSa A

7. blds lkFk fLFkfr&fooj.k rS;kj djukvko';d gS A

8. Ðkl blesa lfEefyr djrs gSa A

izkfIr rFkk Hkqxrku [kkrk vkSj vk;&O;; [kkrs esa vUrj(Dif ference betwen Receipts and Payments Account and Income and Expenditure Account)

¼[k½ ys[kkµiqLrdksa esa ewY;âkl dks fjdkMZ djus dh fofèk;ksa dk o.kZu dhft,A ewY;âkl izkoèkku [kkrs ds 'ks"k dks cSysUl 'khV esa fdlizdkj fn[kk;k tkrk gS\

mÙkjµewY;Ðkl ds izko/kku dh fof/k;k¡ %1. fu;r fd'r fof/k (Fixed Instalment method)

2. Ðkflr 'ks"k fof/k (Diminishing Balance Method)

3. okf"kZd o`fÙ fof/k (Annuity Method)

4. ewY;Ðkl dks"k fof/k (Depreciation Fund Method)

5. chek ikWfylh fof/k (Insurance Policy Method))

6. iquewZY;kadu fof/k (Revaluation Method)

7. vo{k; fof/k (Depletion Method)

8. e'khu&?kaVk nj fof/k (Machine Hour Rate Method)

fu;r fdLr fof/k (Fixed Instalment Method)–bl fof/k ds vuqlkj lEifÙ ds izkjfEHkd ewY; (original cost) ij ,d fuf'prnj ls Ðkl QSykdj lEifÙ ds ewY; esa ls izfr o"kZ ?kVk nsrs gSa A ;fn lEifÙ dh ykxr 200,000 #i;s gS vkSj ml ij 10 izfr'kr Ðkl yxkukmfpr le>k tkrk gS ¼Ðkl dh bl nj dk vuqeku bl lEifÙ ds vuqekfur iz;ksx&dky dks n`f"V esa j[kdj fuf'pr fd;k tkrk gS½ rks blfof/k ds vuqlkj izfro"kZ Ðkl ds 20,000 #i;s fy[ks tk;saxs A

ykHk (Merits)–bl fof/k ds fuEufyf[kr ykHk gSa %(i) Ðkl dh ;g ,d ljy fof/k gS A(ii) bl fof/k esa lEifÙ dks 'kwU; ;k vo'ks"k ewY; rd vifyf[kr fd;k tk ldrk gS A(iii) izR;sd o"kZ ykHk&gkfu [kkrs dk Ðkl ds fy, ,d gh jkf'k ls MsfcV fd;k tkrk gS] vr% ykHk&gkfu [kkrs ij izR;sd o"kZ leku izHkko

iM+rk gS Anks"k % (i) bl fof/k esa lEifÙ esa fofu;ksftr iw¡th ij C;kt dh dksbZ O;oLFkk ugha gS A

N11

(ii) le; chrus ds lkFk&lkFk lEifÙ dh dk;Z {kerk esa deh vkSj ejEer O;; esa o`f) gksrh gS A bl izdkj ckn ds o"kksZa esa ifgys ds o"kksZadh rqyuk esa ykHk&gkfu [kkrs ij vf/kd Hkkj iM+rk gS A

(iii) bl fof/k esa dbZ ckj lEifÙ dk iqLrd ewY; 'kwU; gks tkrk gS fdUrq fQj Hkh lEifÙ dk iz;ksx O;olk; esa gksrk jgrk gS Abl fof/k esa ewY;&Ðkl lEifÙ dh ewy ykxr ds lkFk&lkFk lEifÙ esa fofu;ksftr jkf'k ij fey ldus okys C;kt dh jkf'k ij Hkh vifyf[kr

fd;k tkrk gS A ;g fof/k bl ekU;rk ij vk/kkfjr gS fd fdlh lEifÙ dks izkIr djus ds fy, tks iw¡th yxkbZ tkrh gS] ml lEifÙ dk iz;ksxdjus esa dsoy iw¡th dh gh gkfu ugha gksrh gS oju~ml lEifÙ esa fofu;ksftr jkf'k ij feyus okys C;kt dh Hkh gkfu gksrh gS A bl fof/k esaizfro"kZ lEifÙ [kkrs ds izkjafHkd 'ks"k ij ,d fuf'pr izfr'kr C;kt dh jkf'k fudkydj lEifÙ [kkrs esa MsfcV dh tkrh gS rFkk C;kt [kkrk ØsfMVfd;k tkrk gS A ewY; Ðkl dh jkf'k izfro"kZ cjkcj fdLrksa easa bl izdkj dkVh tkrh gS fd ,d fuf'pr le; ds ckn lEifÙ [kkrs dk 'ks"k 'kwU;gks tk;s A ewY; Ðkl dh jkf'k fuf'pr djus ds fy, okf"kZd rkfydk (Annuity Table) esa ,d fuf'pr izfr'kr ij ¼C;kt dh izpfyr nj½ewY; Kkr dj fy;k tkrk gS A bl ewY; ls vifyf[kr dh tkus okyh jkf'k dks xq.kk djds okf"kZd Ðkl dh jkf'k Kkr dh tkrh gS A mnkgj.kkFkZ]lEifÙ dk ewY; 1,00,000 #0 gS] 4 o"kZ esa okf"kZd o`fÙ i)fr }kjk vifyf[kr djuk gS vkSj C;kt dh nj 5% gS rks okf"kZd o`fÙ rkfydkds vuqlkj okf"kZd Ðkl dh jkf'k fuEu gksxhµ

∴ 1 #- dks 4 o"kZ 5% C;kt ij vifyf[kr djus ds fy, ewY;&Ðkl = 0.282012

∴

1,00,000 #0 ij ewY;&Ðkl = 1,00,000 × 0.282012= 28201.20 #0 izfro"kZ

iz'u 5- fuEufyf[kr ryiV ls 31 fnlEcj] 2014 dks lekIr gksus okys o"kZ dk O;kikfjd ,oa ykHk&gkfu [kkrk vkSj mlh fnu dh cSysal'khV rS;kj dhft,%µ

Dr. (Rs) Cr. (Rs)Stock 1st Jan, 2014 22,300Purchases and PurchasesReturnFreehold Premises 1,00,000Incidental Trade Exp. 11,200Insurance 1,850Audit Fees 800Commission Received 2,700Interest 1,400Debtors and Creditors 32,400 24,830Wages 30,200Salaries 15,200Capital 1,50,000Drawings 12,000Income-Tax 3,600Investments 8,000Discount Allowed & received 7,500 4,200Sales Return & Sales 6,400 3,17,400B/R 5,200Office Furniture 9,000Rent 2,600Cash in hand 5,080Bank Balance 7,600

5,08,330 5,08,330le;kstuk,¡µ(a) 31 fnlEcj] 2014 dks 70]000 : dk LVkWd gSA(b) ÝhgksYM Hkou ds Åij 5 izfr'kr rFkk dk;kZy; QuhZpj ij 20 izfr'kr âkl yxkvksA(c) deh'ku mik£tr fd;k ijUrq izkIr ugha gqvk 500 :-A(d) mik£tr C;kt 600 :- gSA(e) 200 :- fdjk;k vfxze izkIr gks x;k gSA(f) iw¡th ij 6 izfr'kr C;kt rFkk vkgj.k ij 500 :- C;kt ds yxkb,A

N12

Particulars Amount Particulars AmountTo Opening stock 22300 By Sales 317400To Purchases 230000 Less: Sales Returns -6400 311000Less: Purchase Returns -5200 224800 By Closing Stock 70000To Wages 30200To Gross Profit C/d 103700Total 381000 Total 381000To salary 15200 By Gross Profit B/d 103700To incidental expenses 11200 By Discount Given 4200To Insurance 1850 By Rent received 2600To Audit Fees 800 Less: Received in advance -200 2400To discount 7500 By Intrest Received 1400

Add: interest earned 600 2000By Commission received 2700

To Depreciation: Add: Commission earned 500 3200

Free Hold Premises 5% 5000Furniture 20% 1800 6800To Interest of Capital 9000Less: Interest on drawings -500 8500To Income Tax 3600To Net Profit Transferred toCapital Account 60050

Total 115500 Total 115500

Balance sheet as at 31st Dec,2014Liabilities Assets

Capital Account 150000

add: Net Profit 60050 Furniture 9000

Add: Interest on Capital (Net) 8500 Less: deperecation -1800 7200

Less: Drawings -12000 206550 Free Hold Premises 100000

Rent received in advance 200 Less: deperecation -5000 95000

Creditors 24830 Closing Stock 70000

Cash in hand 5080

Cash at Bank 7600

Investment 8000

Commission receivable 500

Bills Receivable 5200

Debtors 32400

Interest Recivable 600

Total 231580 Total 231580

■ ■

mÙkjµ Trading and Profit & Loss account for the year ended 31st Dec,2014