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  • 8/20/2019 ASTM 505M 12

    1/10

    Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Nov 6 0!"#!"$ %ST &

    o*nloaded+printed by  &'

    ,hristopher taylor (TA-./esign) pursuant to .i,ense Agree1ent2 No 3urther reprodu,tions authori4ed2

    Designation: B505/B505M – 12

    Standard Specification for Copper Alloy Continuous Castings1

    This standard is issued under the 3i5ed designation 0+0M; the nu1ber i11ediately 3ollo*ing the designation indi,ates the year o3 original adoption or7 in the ,ase o3 revision7 the year o3 last revision2 A nu1ber in parentheses indi,ates the year o3 last reapproval2

    A supers,ript epsilon (8) indi,ates an editorial ,hange sin,e the last revision or reapproval2

    This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

    1. Scope*

    &2& This spe,i3i,ation establishes re9uire1ents 3or ,ontinu:

    ously ,ast rod7 bar7 tube7 and shapes produ,ed 3ro1 ,opper 

    alloys *ith no1inal ,o1positions as listed in Table &2"

    &2" Castings produ,ed to this spe,i3i,ation 1ay be 1anu:

    3a,tured 3or and supplied 3ro1 sto,2 In su,h ,ases the

    1anu3a,turer shall 1aintain heat tra,eability to spe,i3i, 1anu:

    3a,turing date and ,he1i,al analysis2&2 The values stated in either SI units or in,h:pound units

    are to be regarded separately as standard2 The values stated in

    ea,h syste1 1ay not be e5a,t e9uivalents; there3ore7 ea,h

    syste1 shall be used independently o3 the other2 Co1bining

    values 3ro1 the t*o syste1s 1ay result in non:,on3or1an,e

    *ith the standard2

    &2$ This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the

    responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-

     priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-

    bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.

    2. Referenced Documents"2&  ASTM Standards(

    "0< =ra,ti,e 3or =reparing Tension Test Spe,i1ens 3or Copper Alloy Sand7 =er1anent Mold7 Centri3ugal7 and

    Continuous Castings

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    B505/B505M – 12

    TAB! 1 "o#inal Co#position

    Copper 

     Alloy +.S De"ignationCo/po"ition,

    .o- Copper  Tin ea 2in# .i#$el Al3/in3/ Iron Mangane"e Sili#on Pho"phor3" Bi"/3th

    C(4500 leae re bra"" (* * * * --- --- --- --- --- --- ---C(4(00 leae re bra"" ('-% 4-( 5 5-* --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

    C(&'00 leae "e/i)re bra"" (0 * '-* 14 --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

    C(&&00 leae "e/i)re bra"" (0 '-% (-* --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

    C(&(00 leae "e/i)re bra"" 5 '-* 5-' 1* --- --- --- --- --- --- ---C(*00 leae naval bra"" 51 1 1-' 45 --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

    C(5'00 high)"trength yello6 54 --- --- '* --- & 4 4-( --- --- ---

    bra""

    C(5400 high)"trength yello6 54 --- --- '* --- 5-' 4 4-( --- --- ---

    bra""

    C(5*00 high)"trength yello6 *-* --- --- 4% --- 1 1-' 0-( --- --- ---

    bra""

    C(00 "ili#on bron7e ((-* --- --- ( --- --- --- --- 4 --- ---

    C(10 "ili#on bron7e (5 --- --- 10 --- --- --- --- & --- ---

    C((*0 "ili#on bra"" 5 --- --- '0-% --- --- --- --- 4 0-1' ---

    C(%4'0 bi"/3th tin bron7e (% 5 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- *-0

    C(%'0 A bi"/3th bra"" 5-& 1 --- '% --- 0-* --- --- 0-* --- 1-*

    C%0400 tin bron7e (-* (-' --- & --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

    C%0*00 tin bron7e (-* 10 --- ' --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

    C%000 tin bron7e (% 11 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

    C%1000 tin bron7e (* 1* --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

    C%1400 tin bron7e (0-* 1% --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---C%''00 leae tin bron7e (( 5 1-* & --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

    C%'400 leae tin bron7e ( (-' 0-5 4-( --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

    C%'*00 ni#$el)pho"phor (5-* 11 1-' --- 1-' --- --- --- --- --- ---

    bron7e

    C%'00 leae tin bron7e (-* 10 1-( --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

    C%'(00 leae tin bron7e (0 15 * --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

    C%'%00 leae ni#$el)tin (& 10 '-5 --- 4-& --- --- --- --- --- ---

    bron7e

    C%4'00 high)leae tin bron7e (4 5-% 4 --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

    C%4&00 high)leae tin bron7e (4-* ( ( --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

    C%4*00 high)leae tin bron7e (&-* *-' % 1 --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

    C%4500 high)leae tin bron7e (1 1' --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

    C%400 high)leae tin bron7e (0 10 %-* --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

    C%4(00 high)leae tin bron7e 5-% 1&-* --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

    C%4%00 high)leae tin bron7e ( 5 15 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

    C%&000 high)leae tin bron7e 0-* 14 1* --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

    C%&100 high)leae tin bron7e *-* *-* '0 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---C%&400 high)leae tin bron7e 5%-* *-' '* --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

    C%&00 ni#$el)tin bron7e (-* *-' 0 1-( *-' --- --- --- --- --- ---

    C%&(00 leae ni#$el)tin (5-* *-' 0-5 1-( *-' --- --- --- --- --- ---

    bron7e

    C%*'00 al3/in3/ bron7e (-( --- --- --- --- % 4-' --- --- --- ---

    C%*400 al3/in3/ bron7e ((-( --- --- --- --- 10 1-' --- --- --- ---

    C%*&00 al3/in3/ bron7e (*-' --- --- --- --- 10-( & --- --- --- ---

    C%*&10 al3/in3/ bron7e (4-' --- --- --- ' 10-( & --- --- --- ---

    C%**00 ni#$el)al3/in3/ (1 --- --- --- &-' 10-( & --- --- --- ---

    bron7e

    C%**'0 ni#$el)al3/in3/ %-1 --- --- --- *-1 11 &-( --- --- --- ---

    bron7e

    C%*00 /angane"e ni#$el &-( --- --- --- '-' -* 4 1'-* --- --- ---

    al3/in3/

    bron7e --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

    C%*(00 ni#$el)al3/in3/ (1-4 --- --- --- &-* % & 1-' --- --- ---

    bron7eC%*%00 al3/in3/ bron7e (4-' --- --- --- --- 1'-( &-0 --- --- --- ---

    C%5&00 #opper)ni#$el 5 --- --- --- 40 --- 0-%0 --- --- --- ---

    C%5%00 #opper)ni#$el 5-( ( --- --- 1* --- --- 0-'0 --- --- ---

    C%5%0 #opper)ni#$el)tin (* 5 --- --- %-0 --- --- --- --- --- ---

    C%400 leae ni#$el bron7e **-* '-' %-* '1 1'-* --- --- --- --- --- ---

    C%500 leae ni#$el bron7e 5* & & 5 '0-' --- --- --- --- --- ---

    C%(00 leae ni#$el bron7e 5*-* &-( 1-( '-* '*-* --- --- --- --- --- ---

    C%%*00 "pe#ial alloy (%-1 --- --- 1-' &-* 1-' &-0 --- 1-4 --- ---

     A Anti/ony 0-0, Boron 0-001-

    2&2 Eor1! ,ross:se,tion7 su,h as tube7 round7 he5agon7

    o,tagon7 s9uare7 or re,tangle72&26 Toleran,es7 i3 di33erent 3ro1 Se,tion &0 and Tables

    ":

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    +p to & 810'9, ex#l 0-00* 80-149 0-015 80-&19

    & 810'9:* 81'9, in#l 0-00( 80-'09 0-015 80-&19

    Over * 81'9 0-015 80-&19 0-015 80-&19

      C(%'0, C%*'00, C%*400, C%*

    +p to 4 85-'9, in#l

    &00, C%**00, C%*(00, C

    0-010 80-'*9

    %*%00, an C%5&

    0-0'0 80-*19

    Over 4 85-'9:& 810'9, in#l 0-01* 80-4(9 0-0'0 80-*19

    Over & 810'9:*1 ; ' 81&09, in#l 0-0'0 80-*19 0-0'0 80-*19

    Over *1 ; ' 81&09 0-0'* 80-5&9 0-0'* 80-5&9

    C%*&00, 1500:15* 11*0:1''*

    C%*&10, C%**00 8(0:%109 85'0:5509

       All +p to & 810'9, ex#l

     Alloy" e#tangle", & 810'9:* 81'9, in#l 0-04' 80-(19

    TAB! 2 Suggested $eat Treat#ents

     Annealing Treat/ent

    TAB! 5 Dia#eter Tolerances for %od and Bar 

    Toleran#e", Pl3" A an Min3", A in- 8//9Copper Alloy

    +.S .o-

    Sol3tion Treat/ent 8not le"" than

    1 h ?ollo6e by 6ater =3en#h9,8not le"" than ' h

    ?ollo6e by air #ool9,

    Dia/eter or Di"tan#e Be)

    t6een Parallel S3r?a#e",>o3n"

    S=3are", >e#tangle",

    Hexagon",@8@C9

    C%*4001*(*:154*8(50:(%09

    @8@C9

    11*0:1''*

    85'0:5509

      in- 

    8//9  O#tagon"

     All  Alloy" o3nne"", A

    TAB! ,inis-ing Allo.ances for %od and Bar 

    ini"he O3t"ie Dia/eter or 

    O3t"ie Dia/eter, in- 8//9in- 8//9

    Di"tan#e Bet6een

    Parallel S3r?a#e", in- 8//9

    >o3n"Hexagon",   Over * 81'9 0-05& 81-59O#tagon"

     All Alloy"

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    2"2" Me,hani,al re9uire1ents7 (Se,tion < Test Methods%

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    Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Nov 6 0!"#!"$ %ST &6

    o*nloaded+printed by  &'6

    ,hristopher taylor (TA-./esign) pursuant to .i,ense Agree1ent2 No 3urther reprodu,tions authori4ed2

    Copper Alloy

    TAB! Mec-anical %e3uire#ents

    Ten"ile Strength, /in AEiel Strength, at 0-* o#$6ell C4'

    C%5%0 10* '4 %0D 5'0D 4 >o#$6ell C'

    C%400 40 '0 1* 104 (

    C%500 &0 '5 '0 14( 10C%(00 &* 410 '' 1*' (

    C%%*00 0 &(4 &0 '5 1'

     A Mini/3/ ten"ile "trength an yiel "trength "hall be re3#e 10 ?or #a"t bar" having a #ro"" "e#tion, thi#$ne"", ia/eter, or 6all o? & in- 810' //9 or /ore- The

    #ro"" "e#tion" are the ia/eter o? a ro3n "oli, the i"tan#e a#ro"" the ?lat" o? a "oli hexagon, the thi#$ne"" o? a re#tangle, an the 6all thi#$ne"" o? a t3be-B $"i F 1000 p"i-C See Appenix-D Eiel "trength at 0-' o??"et, /in A, $"iB, MPaC -E Copper Alloy +.S .o- C%**'0 3"e only in the =3en#h)harene an te/pere 8TG409 #onition-F A" #a"t or te/per anneale-

    2"2$ Certi3i,ation (Spe,i3i,ation

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    %. &aterials and &anufacture

    62& Eor better ,orrosion resistan,e in sea*ater appli,ations7

    ,astings in Copper Alloy BNS No2 C

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    Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Nov 6 0!"#!"$ %ST "0&"

    o*nloaded+printed  by

    ,hristopher taylor (TA-./esign) pursuant to .i,ense Agree1ent2 No 3urther reprodu,tions authori4ed2

    B505/B505M

    –12

    TAB! 10 C-e#ical %e3uire#ents A

    Co/po"ition, /ax, ex#ept a" ini#ate

    Copper 

     Alloy+.S .o- Copper Tin ea 2in# Iron

    .i#$el

    In#l3ing

    Cobalt

     Al3/i)

    n3/Man)

    gane"eBi"/3th

     Anti)

    /ony

    S3l)

    ?3r 

    Pho")

    phor3"

    Sili)

    #on

    C(4500 (&-0:(5-0B &-0:5-0 &-0:5-0 &-0:5-0 0-40 1-0B 0-00* --- --- 0-'* 0-0( 1-* 0-00*

    C(4(00 ('-0:(4-(B 4-4:&-' *-0:-0 *-0:(-0 0-40 1-0B 0-00* --- --- 0-'* 0-0( 1-* 0-00*

    C(&'00 (-0:('-0B &-0:5-0 '-0:4-0 10-0:15-0 0-&0 0-(B 0-00* --- --- 0-'* 0-0( 1-* 0-00*

    C(&&00 (-0:('-0B '-4:4-* 5-0:(-0 -0:10-0 0-&0 1-0B 0-00* --- --- 0-'* 0-0( 1-* 0-00*

    C(&(00 *-0:-0B '-0:4-0 *-*:-0 14-0:1-0 0-&0 1-0B 0-00* --- --- 0-'* 0-0( 1-* 0-00*

    C(*00 *(-0:5&-0B 0-*0:1-* 0-(:1-* 4'-0:&0-0 0- 1-0B 0-( --- --- --- --- --- 0-0*

    C(5'00 50-0:55-0B 0-'0 0-'0 ''-0:'(-0 '-0:&-0 1-0B 4-0:&-% '-*:*-0 --- --- --- --- ---

    C(5400 50-0:55-0B 0-'0 0-'0 ''-0:'(-0 '-0:&-0 1-0B *-0:-* '-*:*-0 --- --- --- --- ---

    C(5*00 **-0:50-0B 1-0 0-&0 45-0:&'-0 0-&0:'-0 1-0B 0-*0:1-* 0-10:1-* --- --- --- --- ---

    C(00 (-*/in

    C(10 (&

    /in

    '-0 0-0% -0)%-0 0-*0 0-'* --- 0-( --- 0-10 --- 0-1* '-*:4-*

    '-0 0-0% %-0)11-0 0-*0 0-'*C --- 0-( --- 0-10 --- 0-1* 4-0:*-0

    C((*0 *-0 : (-0 0-40 0-0% >e/- 0-10 0-'0 --- 0-10 --- 0-10 --- 0-0*:0-'0 '-:4-&

    C(%4'0 (-0:%1-0 *-0:-0 0-0% 1-0 0-'0 1-0 0-00* --- &-0:5-0 0-4* 0-0( 0-40 0-00*

    C(%'0D 54-0 /in 0-50:1-* 0-0% '5-0:4'-0 0-10 0-10 0-4*:1-* 0-10 0-*0:'-0 0-0':0-'0 --- 0-0' 0-&0:1-0

    C%0400 (5-0:(%-0B -*:%-0 0-40 4-0:*-0 0-'0 1-0B 0-00* --- --- 0-'0 0-0* 1-* 0-00*

    C%0*00 (5-0:(%-0B %-0:11-0 0-40 1-0:4-0 0-'0 1-0B 0-00* --- --- 0-'0 0-0* 1-* 0-00*

    C%000 ((-0:%0-0B 10-0:1'-0 0-*0 0-*0 0-1* 0-*0B 0-00* --- --- 0-'0 0-0* 1-* 0-00*

    C%1000 (&-0:(5-0B 1&-0:15-0 0-'0 1-* 0-10 0-(B 0-00* --- --- 0-'0 0-0* 1-* 0-00*

    C%1400 %-0:('-0B 1(-0:'0-0 0-'* 0-'* 0-'* 0-*0B 0-00* --- --- 0-'0 0-0* 1-* 0-00*

    C%''00 (5-0:%0-0B *-*:5-* 1-0:'-0 4-0:*-0 0-'* 1-0B 0-00* --- --- 0-'* 0-0* 1-* 0-00*

    C%'400 (*-0:(%-0B

    -*:%-0 0-4:1-0 '-*:*-0 0-'* 1-0B

    0-00* --- --- 0-'* 0-0* 1-* 0-00*

    C%'*00 (*-0:((-0B 10-0:1'-0 1-0:1-* 0-*0 0-40 0-(:

    1-*B0-00* --- --- 0-'* 0-0* 1-* 0-00*

    C%'00 (5-0B :(%-0 %-0:11-0 1-0:'-* 0- 0-'0 1-0B 0-00* --- --- 0-'* 0-0* 1-* 0-00*

    C%'(00 (-0B :('-0 1*-0:1-0 &-0:5-0 0-( 0-'0 0-(

    B0-00* --- --- 0-'* 0-0* 1-* 0-00*

    C%'%00 ('-0B :(5-0 %-0:11-0 '-0:4-' 0-'* 0-'0 '-(:

    &-0B0-00* --- --- 0-'* 0-0* 1-* 0-00*

    C%4'00 (1-0B :(*-0 5-4:-* 5-0:(-0 '-0:&-0 0-'0 1-0B 0-00* --- --- 0-4* 0-0( 1-* 0-00*

    C%4&00 ('-0B :(*-0 -0:%-0 -0:%-0 0-( 0-'0 1-0B 0-00* --- --- 0-*0 0-0( 1-* 0-00*

    C%4*00 (4-0B :(5-0 &-4:5-0 (-0:10-0 '-0 0-'0 1-0B 0-00* --- --- 0-40 0-0( 1-* 0-00*

    C%4500 %-0:(4-0 5-0:(-0 11-0:14-0 1-0 0-'0 1-0 0-00* --- --- 0-** 0-0( 1-* 0-00*

    C%400 (-0:('-0 %-0:11-0 (-0:11-0 0-( 0-E 0-*0 0-00* --- --- 0-*0 0-0( 1-* 0-00*

    C%4(00 *-0:%-0 5-4:-* 14-0:15-0 0-( 0-1* 1-0 0-00* --- --- 0-( 0-0( 1-* 0-00*

    C%4%00 5-*:%-* *-0:-0 1&-0:1(-0 1-* 0-&0 0-( 0-00* --- --- 0-*0 0-0( 1-* 0-00*

    C%&000 5%-0:'-0 1'-0:1&-0 1&-0:15-0 0-*0 0-'* 0-*0:1-0 0-00* --- --- 0-*0 0-'* 1-* 0-00*

    C%&100 '-0:%-0 &-*:5-* 1(-0:''-0 1-0 0-'* 1-0 0-00* --- --- 0-( 0-'* 1-* 0-00*

    C%&400 5-0:'-0 &-*:5-0 '4-0:'-0 0-( 0-1* 1-0 0-00* --- --- 0-( 0-'* 1-* 0-00*

    C%&00F (*-0:%0-0 &-*:5-0 0-0% 1-0:'-* 0-'* &-*:5-0 0-00* 0-'0 --- 0-1* 0-0* 0-0* 0-00*

    C%&(00 (&-0:(%-0 &-*:5-0 0-4:1-0 1-0:'-* 0-'* &-*:5-0 0-00* 0-'0 --- 0-1* 0-0* 0-0* 0-00*

    C%*'00 (5-0

    /in

    C%*400 (5-0

    /in

    C%*&00 (4-0

    /in

    C%*&10 (4-0

    /in

    C%**00 (-0

    /in

    --- --- --- '-*:&-0 --- (-*:%-* --- --- --- --- --- ---

    --- --- --- 0-(:1-* --- %-0:11-0 --- --- --- --- --- ---

    --- --- --- 4-0:*-0 1-* 10-0:11-* 0-*0 --- --- --- --- ---

    --- --- --- 4-0:*-0 1-*:'-* 10-0:11-* 0-*0 --- --- --- --- ---

    --- --- --- 4-0:*-0 4-0:*-* 10-0:11-* 4-* --- --- --- --- ---

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    o*nloaded+printed  by

    ,hristopher taylor (TA-./esign) pursuant to .i,ense Agree1ent2 No 3urther reprodu,tions authori4ed2

    B505/B505M

    –12

    TAB! 10 Continued 

    Co/po"ition, /ax, ex#ept a" ini#ate

    Copper 

     Alloy+.S .o- Copper Tin ea 2in# Iron

    .i#$el

    In#l3ing

    Cobalt

     Al3/i)

    n3/Man)

    gane"eBi"/3th

     Anti)

    /ony

    S3l)

    ?3r 

    Pho")

    phor3"

    Sili)

    #on

    C%**'0G &-*

    /in

    C%*00 1-0

    /in

    C%*(00 %-0

    /in

    0-'* 0-04 0-40 &-0:*-* &-':5-0 10-*:11-* 1-* --- --- --- --- 0-1*

    --- --- --- '-0:&-0 1-*:4-0 -0:(-0 11-0:1&-0 --- --- --- --- 0-10

    --- 0-04 --- 4-*:&-*H &-0:*-0H (-*:%-* 0-(:1-* --- --- --- --- 0-10

    C%*%00 re/ainer --- --- --- 4-0:*-0 0-*0 1'-0:14-* 1-* --- --- --- --- ---

    C%5&00 I re/ainer --- 0-01 --- 0-'*:1-*0 '(-0:4'-0 --- 1-* --- --- 0-0' 0-0' 0-*0

    C%5%00J re/ainer -*)(-* 0-0' 0-*0 --- 1&-*)1*-* --- 0-0*)0-40 --- --- --- --- 0-40

    C%5%0K re/ainer *-*:5-* 0-0' 0-*0 0-*0 (-*:%-* --- 0-40 --- --- --- --- ---

    C%400 *4-0:*(-0 1-*:4-0 (-0:11-0 1-0:'*-0 1-* 11-0:1&-0 0-00* 0-*0 --- 0-4* 0-0( 0-0* 0-1*C%500 54-0:5-0 4-*:&-* 4-0:*-0 4-0:%-0 1-* 1%-0:'1-* 0-00* 1-0 --- 0-'* 0-0( 0-0* 0-1*

    C%(00 5&-0:5-0 &-0:*-* 1-0:'-* 1-0:&-0 1-* '&-0:'-0 0-00* 1-0 --- 0-'0 0-0( 0-0* 0-1*

    C%%*00 re/ainer --- 0-0% 0-*0:'-0 4-0)*-0 4-*)*-*0 0-*)'-0 0-* --- --- --- --- 0-*0)'-0

     A or Contin3o3" Ca"ting" S "hall be 0-'* /ax-B In eter/ining #opper /ini/3/, #opper /ay be #al#3late a" #opper pl3" ni#$el-C .ot in#l3ing Co-D Boron 0-000*)0-01-E Iron "hall be 0-4* /ax, 6hen 3"e ?or "teel)ba#$e bearing"-F It i" po""ible that the /e#hani#al re=3ire/ent" o? Copper Alloy +.S .o- C%&00 in the heat)treate #onition 6ill not be attaine i? the lea #ontent ex#ee" 0-01 -G Chro/i3/ #ontent "hall be 0-0* /ax, #obalt 0-'0 /ax-H Iron #ontent "hall not ex#ee ni#$el #ontent-I Che/i#al re=3ire/ent" ?or other ele/ent" #arbon 0-1* /ax an niobi3/ 0-*)1-*-J Magne"i3/ 0-1* /ax, niobi3/ 0-10 /ax-K Che/i#al re=3ire/ent" ?or other ele/ent" /agne"i3/ 0-1* /ax, niobi3/ 0-10 /ax-

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    B505/B505M – 12

    Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved); Tue Nov 6 0!"#!"$ %ST &60

    o*nloaded+printed by  &60

    ,hristopher taylor (TA-./esign) pursuant to .i,ense Agree1ent2 No 3urther reprodu,tions authori4ed2

    TAB! 11 Su# of All "a#ed !le#ents Analy4ed &&2$2# Na1e o3 inspe,tor2

    Copper Alloy

    +.S .o-

    Copper Pl3"

    .a/e

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    "))+2D!3

    onmandatory !nformation5

    1. &+TR!# +67!."8+2TS

    P&2& The SI unit 3or strength properties no* sho*n is in

    a,,ordan,e *ith the International Syste1 o3 Bnits (SI)2 Thederived SI unit 3or 3or,e is the ne*ton (N)7 *hi,h is de3ined as

    that 3or,e *hi,h *hen applied to a body having a 1ass o3 oneilogra1 gives it an a,,eleration o3 one 1etre per se,ond

    s9uared (N Q gR1+s")2 The derived SI unit 3or pressure or 

    stress is the ne*ton per s9uare 1etre (N+1")7 *hi,h has been

    na1ed the pas,al (=a) by the >eneral Con3eren,e on eightsand Measures2 Sin,e & si Q 6