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5- dwarf planets :-

6- Comets :- A comet is a relatively small solar system body that orbits the Sun. When close enough to the Sun they display a visible coma (a fuzzy outline or atmosphere due to solar radiation) and sometimes a tail.

7- kuiper belt

8- Oort cloud :- a spherical shell of cometary bodies believed to surround the sun far beyond the orbits of the outermost planets and from which some are dislodged when perturbed to fall toward the sun compare kuiper belt . or

A region of the solar system far beyond the orbit of the dwarf planetPluto in which billions of comets move in nearly circular orbits unlessone is pulled into a highly eccentric elliptical orbit by a passing star.

Compare Kuiper belt.

9 & 10 Asteroids & Meteoroids :- Asteroids are small solar system bodies that orbit the Sun. Made of rock and metal, they can also contain organic compounds. Asteroids are similar to comets but do not have a visible coma (fuzzy outline and tail) like comets do. A meteoroid is a small rock or particle of debris in our solar system. They range in size from dust to around 10 metres in diameter (larger objects are usually referred to as asteroids).

http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/our-solar-system/comets-meteors-and-asteroids

Question 3

Question 4

The Titius-Bode law is simple mathematical relation describing

the distances of planets from the sun. The relation comes from

starting with a simple arithmetic progression of numbers:

0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, 192, 384.

Note that each number is twice the previous. Then, by adding 4 to

each number and dividing the result by 10, this yields a sequence of

numbers that roughly corresponds to the spacing of planets in our

solar system out to Uranus (in AU):

* Question 5

*Question 6 *Question 8 deals with the shapes of the planetary orbits. It states that the orbital paths of the planets are elliptical (not circular), with the Sun at one focus.

*Question 9

*Question 10

What Is The Kuiper Belt?

The Kuiper Belt (sometimes referred to as the Kuiper-Edgeworth Belt) is an area

of the outer solar systemthat is estimated to stretch across 20 astronomical units

(AU) of space. It contains small solar system bodies made mostly of ices. The ices

are frozen volatiles (gases) such as methane, ammonia, nitrogen and water. It also

is home to the known dwarf planets Pluto, Haumea and Makemake.

Kuiper Belt Location

The Kuiper Belt extends from roughly the orbit of Neptune (at 30 AU

out to about 55 astronomical units from the Sun. The main body of this

belt covers much of this region, ranging from nearly 40 AU to 48 AU.

Facts About The Kuiper Belt

1- The Kuiper Belt could contain hundreds of thousands of icy

bodies that range in size from small chunks of ice to

worldlets larger than 100 kilometres across.

2- Astronomers have tracked most short-period comets from

their origins in the Kuiper Belt. These are comets with orbital

periods of 200 years or less.

3- There could be more than a trillion comet nuclei in the main

body of the Kuiper Belt.

4- The largest Kuiper Belt Objects are Pluto, Quaoar,

Makemake, Haumea, Ixion, and Varuna. These are often also

referred to as Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs).

5- The first mission to the Kuiper Belt and beyond will fly by

Pluto in July 2015. Its called New Horizons and will survey

Pluto, Charon and the other moons before heading out to

study other Kuiper Belt Objects in the future.

6- Astronomers have found structures similar to our Kuiper

Belt around at least nine other stars. Hubble Space

Telescope imaged discs around the stars HD 138664 in the

constellation Lupus, and HD 53143 in the constellation

Carina.

7- The ices in the Kuiper Belt date back to the formation of the

solar system. They contain clues to conditions in the early

solar nebula.

2-3

Question 11 Formed beyond the frost line, comets are icy counterparts to asteroids.

The nucleus of a comet is like a dirty snowball.

Most comets do not have tails.

Most comets remain perpetually frozen in the outer solar system.

Only comets that enter the inner solar system grow tails

Coma is atmosphere that comes from heated nucleus.

Plasma tail is gas escaping from coma, pushed by solar wind.

Dust tail is pushed by light.

Comets are objects composed mostly of ice and dust that grow tails when they

approach the sun.

All comets have a nucleus, which is the hard rock/ice object. When a comet nucleus

nears the sun, solar energy begins to heat the ice and vaporize it.

The gas flies off the comet, sometimes violently enough to break the nucleus apart,

and throws dust up with it. The gases form a cloud around the nucleus called the coma.

Some of the gas is stripped of electrons and blown back by the solar wind. This forms a

bluish colored ion tail.

The dust particles are pushed away from the comet by solar radiation, forming a dust

tail that can be many millions of miles long.

The dust tail is the easiest to see with the unaided eye, but occasionally the ion tail is

visible as well.

Each time a comet passes close to the sun, it loses more of its ice.

Eventually, after many passes, the comet may no longer have enough material to form

tails. Its surface will be covered by dark dust and it will look more like an asteroid.

Comets come from two places in the Solar System: the Oort Cloud and the Kuiper Belt.

* Question 2 The Refractor Telescope

- This is an image of a refractor telescope and it is what we usually think of when we think telescope. There is a big lens on one end and a small lens or eyepiece on the other end. The light comes in through the big lens and travels the length of the tube down to the little lens where you look in. or - Refractor telescopes are telescopes that use lenses to gather and focus light. Refractors deliver sharp, high-contrast images with crisp views of the moon, planets and stars. Refractors are known for their rugged simplicity. They are easy to aim, they need little maintenance and lenses rarely need alignment-very popular for beginning students of astronomy.

The Reflector Telescope

- The reflector telescope gets its name because it uses a mirror to

reflect light back up the tube and this mirror is parabolic shaped so it

bends the light as it is reflected.

The light is bounced back up to the tube to a secondary mirror that

bounces it out of the tube to the eyepiece where you look.

or

- Reflectors are telescopes that use mirrors. They most commonly use a

concave main mirror at the bottom of the tube, which focuses light back up

to the top of the tube. There, a small flat mirror deflects the light at right

angles to an eyepiece on the side of the tube. Reflectors offer more

aperture (objective lens diameter) for the money than refractors,

providing enough light to reveal hundreds of deep-sky objects as well as

show details of the moon and planets. However, exposed mirrors can

collect dust and grime and may need occasional adjustments to keep them

properly aligned.

or

- optical telescope consisting of a large concave mirror that produces an

image that is magnified by the eyepiece