Attività ed esperienze dell’OCSE circa il coinvolgimento della popolazione e delleAutorità locali e nazionali nella gestionedei rifiuti radioattivi e nella dismissione

degli impianti nucleari

Claudio Pescatore

Piacenza 6.12.2005

Il tecnico non è più solo …

Vandellós (Catalogna)

• 1/We

Vandellós (Catalogna)

• Sicurezza• Coinvolgimento locale• Sviluppo economico

DISMANTLEMENT

Year 1990 ClosingUnemployment increase

Municipal income decrease

DISMANTLEMENT

Municipal Monitoring Commission Town Halls: Vandellòs i l’Hospitalet de l’Infant, Pratdip, Montroig del Camp, l’Ametlla de Mar and Tivissa (9 people)Baix Camp Regional Council (1 person)ADE: Business Association Territorial Delegation of Industry (1 person)Territorial Delegation of Environment (1 person)Rovira i Virgili University (1 person)Director of dismantlement of NPP (1 person)Technical Director of NPP (1 person)Secretary

DISMANTLEMENT

Municipal Monitoring CommissionWork process monitoring.Workers.Material Control.Conventional and radioactive or contaminated waste managementEmanation waste management (liquid and gas).Security (formation and accidents).Surveillance (radiological and environmental: dust, noise).Effects.Condition fulfilment.

V1NPP Decommissioning

Impact on the local employment

Employment policies

Local corporations involved

General view of decommissioning

V1NPP Decommissioning

Possible social alarm

Comunication policies

Local authorities

Media General Publics

General view of decommissioning

Deposito geologico in profondità(Kinkardine, Canada)

Deep Geologic Repository Past Activities

April 2002: Memorandum of Agreement signed with Municipality of Kincardine, host for the Bruce nuclear site

April 2004: Study of Options for long-term management of OPG’s L&IL waste at the Bruce nuclear site completed

April 2004: Community Council selects Deep Geologic Repository (DGR) option

October 2004: DGR Hosting Agreement signed

January 2005: Community Poll taken

Community Hosting Agreement

• Negotiated in the period May-October 2004• Features:

– Community support for construction of Deep Geologic Repository for OPG’s L&IL Waste (no used reactor fuel)

– Payments to Municipality of Kincardine and adjacent communities totaling $35M Cdn ($30M US) over 30 years (amount increases if new reactors built)

– Provision for new jobs– Property value protection plan

• Conditional on positive community poll

Community sees that there is an acceptable

safety case

Community sees that there are independent processes in place to

ensure safety

Community trusts proponent

Respected third parties say that facility

will be safe

Community sees that similar facilities

elsewhere have been shown to be safe

Proponent acts in an open manner

Proponent’s representatives appear

competent and trustworthy

Effective and impartial regulatory process is seen to be in place

Effective and impartial EA process is seen to

be in place

Safety case is easy to understand

Safety case is robust and shows that facility

will be safe

Proponent’s past record inspires

confidence

Community understands need for facility and accepts

benefits outweigh risks

Community believes that they will be kept

involved and informed

SuccessCommunity accepts

facility

Community believes facility will be safe

La sicurezza è multidimensionale

SuccessCommunity accepts

facility

Community understands need for facility and accepts

benefits outweigh risks

Community believes that they will be kept

involved and informedCommunity believes facility will be safe

Community trusts proponent

Proponent acts in an open mannerProponent’s

representatives appear competent and

trustworthyProponent’s pastrecord inspires

confidence

Community sees that there are independent processes in place to

ensure safetyEffective and impartial regulatory process is seen to be in place

Effective and impartial EA process is seen to

be in place

Community sees that there is an acceptable

safety case

Safety case is easy to understandSafety case is robust

and shows that facility will be safe

Respected third parties say that facility

will be safe

Community sees that similar facilities

elsewhere have been shown to be safe

Challenges in Communicating Safety

• Public lacks familiarity and comfort with things nuclear• Public does not have time to try to understand issues• Public has inherent reluctance to trust any proponent• Conveying the concept that disposal facilities will be safe

for the long timeframes for which radioactive wastes can remain hazardous

• The media often seeks to report on conflict and dire consequences to promote story interest, resulting in the public not knowing whom to believe and becoming more apprehensive

Molti esempi sia di coinvolgimentosia di evoluzione dei ruoli

• Svezia• Belgio Concetto di «partenariato»• Finlandia• USA• Canada • Svizzera• Francia

Molti esempi sia di coinvolgimentosia di evoluzione dei ruoli

• Ogni situazione nazionale e locale è differente

• I tre pilastri della fiducia sono costanti e chiaremente necessari per soluzionisostenibili:– Sicurezza– Coinvolgimento locale– Sviluppo economico

IN CONCLUSIONE …

• La gestione di lungo termine dei materiali radioattivi richiede– processi di decisione che coinvolgano un elevato numero di attori

sociali– nuove forme di governanza del rischio– nuove forme di coinvolgimento e di dialogo.

• L’opinione pubblica – specie quella locale – non accetta soluzioni tecniche irreversibili verso le quali non ha sufficiente comprensione e familiarità.

• È necessaria una transizione dalla vecchia impostazione “decido, announcio, difendo” alla nuova impostazione “coinvolgo, interagisco, co-opero”.

• Gli aspetti scientifici e tecnici della sicurezza non hanno più importanza esclusiva. La capacità di comunicare e di comprendere il contesto esterno è divenuto un fattore critico del processo decisionale per l’accettazione sociale.

• Ogni decisione significativa sulla gestione dei rifiuti radioattivi deve scaturire da un processo pubblico nel quale siano coinvolte le diverse categorie di attori sociali.

• Per studio di casi, si consulti il sito

• http://www.nea.fr/html/rwm/fsc.html