aula 04 barroco-e_rococo
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História da Arte
Prof. Márcio DuarteFAIP/FAEF 2012
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ARTE BARROCA
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ARTE BARROCA
• A palavra BARROCA, significa “pérola irregular”, representa idéia de irregularidade.
• A arte BARROCA surgiu no século XVII, na Europa. Era a arte a serviço da Igreja, que tinha como principal o objetivo surpreender, deslumbrar e aquecer os fiéis, evocando a religião em cada detalhe.
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BerniniApolo e Dafne c. 1622
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BerniniO êxtase de Sta Teresa c. 1647
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Andrea Pozzo : cúpula de igreja
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• No século XVI a Igreja Católica passa por um período de decadência, pois surgem movimentos como o Humanismo e a Reforma.
• Como retomada de sua posição perante a sociedade a igreja reagiu com a Contra Reforma e passou a decorar seus templos com suntuosidade tal que encantasse os pagãos seja pela magnitude de suas igrejas, seja por suas obras de arte.
• Daí, contratando artistas, arquitetos e escultores produziram um dos maiores acervos culturais do mundo dos quais o Vaticano é seu exemplo mais conhecido.
• Surge então o Barroco, nome originado de um termo usado para designar uma pérola mal formada.
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Juízo Final
Michelangelo
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Caravaggio
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Caravaggio
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Caravaggio
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Caravaggio
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• A arte barroca originou-se na Itália (séc. XVII) mas não tardou a irradiar-se por outros países da Europa e a chegar também ao continente americano, trazida pelos colonizadores portugueses e espanhóis.
• O estilo barroco foi o mais suntuoso e ornamentado na história da arte e teve o papel de trazer a arte para a vida cotidiana.
• Os palácios de Roma se tornaram ambientes de encantamento, projetados para impressionar os visitantes com o poder e a glória do rei. A riqueza proveniente das colônias sustentava o luxo do mobiliário, dos jardins.
• É a arte ostentada nos palácios como o de Versailles, de Luis XIV. Este movimento foi chamado de Barroco.
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Borromini
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• A Arte Barroca desenvolveu-se no século XVII, num período muito importante da história da civilização ocidental, pois nele ocorreram mudanças econômicas, religiosas e sociais que deram nova feição à Europa da Idade Moderna.
• Essas mudanças tiveram conseqüências bastante significativas, pois favoreceram o surgimento dos Estados Nacionais e dos governos absolutos, pois propunham que cada nação se libertasse da submissão ao papa.
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Barroco no Brasil (1550-1700)
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O Barroco no Brasil
• O Barroco chegou no Brasil através dos colonizadores espanhóis e portugueses.
• E no fim do século XVIII e começo do XIX surgem os maiores artistas Barrocos do Brasil, o Aleijadinho que era construtor, entalhador e escultor, e também o pintor Manuel da Costa Ataíde.
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• Muitos foram os artistas que contribuíram para o engrandecimento do estilo barroco no Brasil. Entre eles destacamos Manoel da Costa Ataíde ( Mestre Ataíde) e Antônio Francisco Lisboa ( O Aleijadinho).
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Igreja de São Francisco de Assis. Ouro Preto - MG
• A construção teve inicio em 1766. Obra-prima de Antônio Francisco Lisboa, que assina o projeto e o risco da portada. Pinturas de Manuel da Costa Ataíde.
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Teto da Igreja de São Francisco de Assis.
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Altar da Igreja de São Francisco de Assis.
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Detalhe do Altar
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Detalhe da Fachada Frontal.
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IGREJA MATRIZ DE NOSSA SENHORA DO PILAR DE OURO PRETO
• Inaugurada em 1733. Planta atribuída ao arquiteto Pedro Gomes Chaves.
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Altar menor
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Oratório
Séculos XVIII e XIX
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O Passo do Hortoescultura de Aleijadinho.
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O Passo da Subida ao Calvário, de Aleijadinho. Simboliza a subida de Jesus ao Calvário, para depois ser crucificado.
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O Passo da Crucificação, de Aleijadinho, que simboliza o momento em que Jesus foi crucificado na Cruz. Imagem
adorada até os dias de hoje pelos católicos.
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Rococó
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CONTEXO SÓCIO-CULTURAL
• Rococó é o estilo artístico que surgiu na França, em meados do século XVIII.
• Também é conhecido como CLASSICISMO.• É considerado um desdobramento do Barroco,
porém mais leve e intimista. • Foi o último estilo universal de arte. • Também ficou conhecido como “Estilo Regência”. • Inicialmente usado em decoração de interiores.
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PRINCIPAIS CARACTERÍSTICAS• assimetria; • linhas suaves e graciosas; • arte voltada para o belo e comprometida com o ideal
aristocrático; • elementos sensuais e eróticos; • figuras mitológicas (Classicismo);• tons pastéis na pintura; • uso abundante de formas curvas e profusão de elementos
decorativos (tais como conchas, laços e flores);• leveza;• caráter intimista;• elegância.
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PRINCIPAIS ARTISTAS
• Boucher
• Antoine Watteau
• Jean Honoré Fragonard
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Kaisersaal, Palácio Episcopal - Würzburg
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Diana em Repouso - Boucher
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Amantes no parque – Boucher
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O embarque para Citera – Watteau
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Prazeres do Amor – Watteau
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Diana ao banho – Watteau
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O Balanço - Fragonard
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Fragonard
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As banhistas – Fragonard
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Fragonard
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“The Marriage Contract”Jean-Antoine Watteau, 1713
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“The French Theater”Jean-Antoine Watteau, 1714
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“The Pleasures of Life”Jean-Antoine Watteau, 1718
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“The Pleasures of the Ball”Jean-Antoine Watteau, 1717
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“The Stolen Kiss”Jean
HonoréFragonard
(1780)
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“A Young Girl
Reading”
JeanHonoré
Fragonard
1776
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“The Triumph of
Venus”
François Boucher
1740
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“La Toilette” – François Boucher, 1742
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“The Marquis de Pompadour”
François Boucher
1756
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“MorningCoffee”
François Boucher
1739
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“The House of Cards”
Jean Siméon Chardin
1735
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“Winter”
Etienne-MauriceFalconet
1771
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“The Rape of Europa”Giovanni Domenico Ferretti,
1720-40
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“ColonelSt. Leger”
SirJoshua
Reynolds
1778
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“The Children of
Edward Holland
Cruttenden”
SirJoshua
Reynolds
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“Mr. & Mrs. Andrews” Thomas Gainsborough, 1750
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“Portrait of a Lady in
Blue”
Thomas Gainsborou
gh
Late 1770s
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“Mary,Countess
Howe”
Thomas Gainsboroug
h
Late 1760
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Arquitetura rococó
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A Rococo Room
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Wall Clock
“Love Conquering
Time”
CharlesCressent
1740
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“Fire Dog”
François-Thomas Germain
1757