aula 12 virus
TRANSCRIPT
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VIRUS
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Parasitas intracelulares obrigatórios; Utilizam os sistemas enzimáticos celulares para a
síntese de elementos especializados que fazem parte de sua estrutura;
Genoma constituído por um só tipo de acido nucléico; Estrutura polimérica; Pequena dimensão – 10 e 200nm - Natureza
particulada; Especificidade – composição química bem definida
capaz de determinar respostas imunológicas identificáveis;
Plasticidade – possibilidade de o vírus sofrer alterações antigênicas durante sua passagem de um hospedeiro para outro
Características Gerais
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Tamanho dos vírus
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Morfologia Viral
Partícula viral = Virion
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Morfologia Viral
Cápsideo – Proteção e Simetria Simetria (capsômeros)
Helicoidais; Isométricas; Complexas.
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Vírus Helicoidais
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Vírus Isométricas
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Vírus complexas
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Morfologia Viral
Acido nucléico – Genoma viral DNA de fita simples DNA de fita dupla RNA de fita simples RNA de fita dupla
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Morfologia Viral
Envelope Passa a fazer parte de sua estrutura
depois que a partícula viral emerge da célula infectada, por gemulação.
Lipídios, proteínas
e carboidratos
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Envelope viral
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Envelope viral
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Classificação dos Vírus
Natureza do acido nucléico viral Vírus DNA (fita simples ou fita dupla)
Envelopado Não - envelopado
Vírus RNA (fita simples ou fita dupla) Envelopado Não - envelopado
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Multiplicação de Bacteriófagos
Ciclo lítico Termina com a lise e a morte
da célula hospedeira
Ciclo lisogenico A célula permanece viva
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Estágios – Ciclo lítico
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Ciclo lítico
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Curva de crescimento
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Estagio – Ciclo lisogenico
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Ciclo lisogenico
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Etapas Adsorção Penetração Descapsidacao Biossintese (DNA e RNA) Maturação e Liberação
Multiplicação – Vírus animal
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AdsorçãoPenetração
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Lisossomos
Descapsidacao
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Biossintese - DNA
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Biossintese - RNA
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Multiplication of a Retrovirus
Figure 13.19
Retrovirus penetrates host cell.
Virion penetrates cell and its DNA is uncoated
The new viral DNA is tranported into the host cell’s nucleus and integrated as a provirus. The provirus may divide indefinitely with the host cell DNA.
1
2
3
DNA
Transcription of the provirus may also occur, producing RNA for new retrovirus genomes and RNA that codes for the retrovirus capsid and envelope proteins.
4
Mature retrovirus leaves host cell, acquiring an envelope as it buds out.
5
CapsidReverse transcriptase
Virus Two identical + stands of RNA
DNA of one of the host cell’s chromosomes
Provirus
Host cell
Reverse transcriptase
Viral RNA
RNA
Viral proteins
Identical strands of RNA
Multiplicação de um Retrovírus
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Liberação
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Vírus e câncer
Teoria do Oncogene
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Vírus oncogênicos
DNA EB, herpesvirus, hepadnavirus
RNA HTLV-1, HTLV-2
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Infecções virais latentes e Infecções virais Lentas
Infecções virais latentes O vírus permanece por longos períodos dentro
da célula hospedeira, sem produzir infecção. Exemplo: herpes labial e herpes zoster
Infecções virais lentas Processos patológicos que se estendem por um
longo período de tempo sendo, geralmente fatais
Exemplo: HIV
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Prions
Pequenas partículas infecciosas de natureza protéica, que resistem a inativação por processos que alteram os ácidos nucléicos.
Composição química – não definida. Ácidos nucléicos não parecem estar
presentes.
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Segmentos de RNA de fita simples extremamente diminutos, circulares, patogênicos para plantas
Similares aos vírus de RNA, mas desprovidos de capsídeo
Viróides
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Viróides
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Virusoides
Elementos constituídos de RNA, de fita simples, associado a doença de plantas, que difere dos viroides por: Multiplicação depende de um vírus
auxiliar; Genoma esta encapsidado em uma
estrutura protéica.
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Isolamento, Cultivo e Identificação de vírus
Cultivo de bacteriófagos
Placas virais formadas por bacteriófagos (UFP)
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Isolamento, Cultivo e Identificação de vírus
Cultivo de vírus animais
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Isolamento, Cultivo e Identificação de vírus Cultivo em ovos embrionados
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Isolamento, Cultivo e Identificação de vírus
Cultivos celulares
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Efeito citopatico
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Isolamento, Cultivo e Identificação de vírus
Identificação viral - Microscopia
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Isolamento, Cultivo e Identificação de vírus
Identificação viral Métodos sorológicos
Hemaglutinacao
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Isolamento, Cultivo e Identificação de vírus
Identificação viral Métodos sorológicos
Imunofluorescencia
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Isolamento, Cultivo e Identificação de vírus
Identificação viral Métodos sorológicos
Imunoensaios enzimáticos
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Isolamento, Cultivo e Identificação de vírus
Identificação viral Métodos sorológicos
Fixação do complemento
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Isolamento, Cultivo e Identificação de vírus
Identificação viral Métodos moleculares
PCR
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Doenças virais da pele
Verrugas (papilomavirus); Varíola – erradicada; Varicela e Herpes Zoster Herpes Simples Sarampo Rubéola
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Doenças virais do SN
Poliomielite Raiva
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Doenças virais dos sistemas cardiovascular e linfático
Mononucleose infecciosa Febres hemorrágicas virais clássicas :
Febre amarela e Dengue; Hantavirose
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Doenças virais do SR
Resfriado comum Pneumonia viral Influenza
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Doenças virais do SD
Caxumba CMV Hepatite Gastrenterite viral
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Doenças virais do S. Reprodutor
Herpes genital Verrugas genitais AIDS