autism disorder

7/29/2019 Autism Disorder

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Autistic Spectrum

Disorder ASD


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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Autism-stacking-cans_2nd_edit.jpg


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HISTORY

Leo Kanner introduced the

label early infantile autism in

1943.

Kanner's reuse ofautismled todecades of confused terminologylike infantile schizophrenia, andchild psychiatry's focus onmaternal deprivation led to

misconceptions of autism .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Leo-Kanner.jpeg


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QUICK FACTS ABOUT AUTISM

1 in 250 births

Cost of lifelong care can bereduced by 2/3 with earlydiagnosis and intervention

Fastest-growingdevelopmental disability

10 - 17 % annual growth


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What is Autism?

Autism is a complex, life-long biologicaldisorder of development that results in socialinteraction problems, communicationdifficulties, and restrictive or repetitiveinterests and behaviors.

Autism affects information processing in thebrain by altering how nerve cells and theirsynapses connect and organize; how this

occurs is not well understood


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AutisticDisorder

(Autism)

Pervasive

DevelopmentalDisorder, NOS

(PDD-NOS)

AspergersDisorder

Pervasive Developmental Disorders/Autism Spectrum Disorders

Childhood Disintegrative Disorder

Retts Disorder


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Pervasive DevelopmentalDisorders

Communication

Restricted andRepetitive Behaviors

Reciprocal SocialInteraction


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Impairments in:a. Nonverbal behaviors: eye

gaze, facial expression,body postures, andgestures to regulate socialinteraction

b. Peer relationshipsc. Seeking to share

enjoyment, interests, orachievements with otherpeople

a. Delay in, or lack ofdevelopment of, spokenlanguage

b. Impairment in the abilityto initiate or sustain aconversation with others

c. Stereotyped and repetitiveuse of language oridiosyncratic language

Motor stereotypes

Repetitive behaviors

Narrow Interests

Rituals, routines

Preoccupation with

parts of objects


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ASD

One of three recognized disorders in theautism spectrum , the other two being

Asperger syndrome, which lacks delays in

cognitive development and language, and

Pervasive Developmental Disorder-NotOtherwise Specified (commonly abbreviatedas PDD-NOS), which is diagnosed when thefull set of criteria for autism or Asperger

syndrome are not met.


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Symptoms

Children and adults with autism have difficultieswith everyday social interaction. Their ability to

develop friendships is generally limited as istheir capacity to understand other people'semotional expression.

People with autism can often haveaccompanying learning disabilities but everyonewith the condition shares a difficulty in makingsense of the world.


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Autismaffects the

amygdala,cerebellum,and many

other partsof the brain.


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Levelsof Cognitive Functioning

55 70 85 100 115 130 145

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3

MEAN = 100

STANDARD DEVIATION = +/- 15

Approx. 70-75% ofindividualswith autism

Approx 45% of individuals withASD


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Genetic disordersAbout 1015%

Mental retardation mental retardation has

been reported as anywhere from 25% to 70

Epilepsy, with variations in risk of epilepsydue to age, cognitive level, and type of

language disorder Sleep problems affect about two-thirds -

symptoms of insomnia such as difficulty in

falling asleep

Several other conditions are common inchildren with autism . They include:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_disorderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_retardationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epilepsyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epilepsyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_retardationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_disorderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Autistic-sweetiepie-boy-with-ducksinarow.jpg


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"Reality to an autistic person is aconfusing, interacting mass of events,

people, places, sounds and sights. Thereseems to be no clear boundaries, order ormeaning to anything. A large part of mylife is spent just trying to work out the

pattern behind everything.

- A person with autism
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Opening_a_window_to_the_autistic_brain.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Autistic-sweetiepie-boy-with-ducksinarow.jpg


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DIAGNOSIS

Autism can be reliably diagnosed by or before agethree.

Symptoms are usually detected during infancy,although a formal diagnosis is generally not madeuntil the child fails to develop functional language byage two.

Approximately 20 percent of children with autismreportedly experience a "regression"; that is they haveapparently normal development followed by a loss of

communication and social skills.


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Diagnosis of ASD

For a diagnosis of autism six criteria must be

met: At least two impairments in social interaction.

One impairment in communication skills.

Restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped behavior. Two impairments in any of the three stipulated

areas.

DIAGNOSIS


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OCCURENCE

Boys are three-to-four times more likelyto be affected by autism than girls.

Autism occurs in all racial, ethnic, andsocial groups.

An autistic culture has developed, with

some individuals seeking a cure andothers believing autism should beaccepted as a difference and not treated

as a disorder.


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Deletion (1), duplication (2) andinversion (3) are all chromosomeabnormalities that have beenimplicated in autism.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Single_Chromosome_Mutations.png


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Is there a Cure ?

Although there is currently no known cure forautism, autism is treatable.

Persons with autism can make progress if they

receive appropriate, individual intervention.

Pre-school children who receive intensive,individualized, behavioral interventions show

remarkable progress.

In addition, limited pharmacological interventionsare available to treat specific symptoms ofautism.


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What Causes Autism?

In the majority of cases, no specific underlying cause canbe identified .

However, a variety of factors are being investigated:

infectious, metabolic, genetic, and environmental

factors.

In rare cases, autism is strongly associated with agents

that cause birth defects.

Controversies surround other proposed environmentalcauses, such as heavy metals, pesticides or childhood

vaccines


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What Causes Autism?

Autism probably results from a geneticsusceptibility that involves multiple genes.

To date, genetic causes for one disordercommonly accompanied by autism and

one autism-spectrum disorder have beenidentified, Fragile X and Rett syndrome,respectively and genetic "hotspots" formore classic autism have been indicated.


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What Causes Autism?

Fragile X is the most common, geneticallyinherited form of mental retardationcurrently known and produces many of

the same behaviors and symptoms asautism.

Rett syndrome, which affects only girls, is

a progressive brain disease that producesa loss of language/social skills that issimilar to autism and is classified as anautism spectrum disorder.


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What can you do to help??

Spread the word, thefirst step is awareness.

April 2 is InternationalAutism Awareness day

The Autism Society ofIndia can get youstarted! Visit -

www.autism-india.org


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Some facts and statistics

40% of all children with autism wait more than threeyears for a clear diagnosis

An estimated 535,000 people have autism in the UK

Around 70% of people with autism have an IQ below70 (the average IQ of the population is 100). This is

classed as a learning disability. Some people withautism have normal or high intelligence.

Many people with Asperger's have normal or aboveaverage intelligence and can lead independent lives.
http://www.nas.org.uk/nas/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=235&a=3425http://www.nas.org.uk/nas/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=235&a=3425http://www.nas.org.uk/nas/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=235&a=3432http://www.nas.org.uk/nas/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=235&a=3432http://www.nas.org.uk/nas/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=235&a=3432http://www.nas.org.uk/nas/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=235&a=3425http://www.nas.org.uk/nas/jsp/polopoly.jsp?d=235&a=3425


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The Internet has helped autistic

individuals bypass nonverbal cues andemotional sharing that they find sohard to deal with, and has given thema way to form online communities andwork remotely.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet


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GET INVOLVED

Autism is puzzlingdoctors and scientists

everywhere.

But by making morepeople aware more

resources can beorganized towards thegoal .


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Three wise sayings

There is nothing new under the

sun

Nothing exists until it has a name

Nature never draws a line without

smudging it


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autism disorder

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