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Available Ocean Color Satellite Imagery

Mati KahruScripps Institution of OceanographyUCSD, La Jolla, CA 92093-0218, USAmkahru@ucsd.edu

also at

WimSoft, http://www.wimsoft.comEmail: wim@wimsoft.com

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C Mati Kahru, 2003-2006

http://www.ioccg.org/sensors/historical.html

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Historical

Ocean-Colour

Sensors

SENSOR AGENCY SATELLITEOPERATING

DATES

SWATH

(km)

RESOLUTION

(m)

# OF

BANDS

SPECTRAL

COVERAGE(n

m)

ORBIT

CZCSNASA

(USA)

Nimbus-7

(USA)

24/10/78 -

22/6/861556 825 6 433-12500 Polar

CMODISCNSA

(China)

SZ-3

(China)

25/3/02 -

15/9/02650-700 400 34 403-12,500 Polar

COCTSCNSA

(China)

HY-1A

(China)

15/5/02 -

1/4/041400 1100 10 402-12,500 Polar

CZICNSA

(China)

HY-1A

(China)

15/5/02 -

1/4/04 500 250 4 420-890 Polar

GLINASDA

(Japan)

ADEOS-II

(Japan)

14/12/02 -

24/10/031600 250/1000 36 375-12,500 Polar

MMRSCONAE

(Argentina)

SAC-C

(Argentina)

21/11/00 ~

2009360 175 5 480-1700 Polar

MOSDLR

(Germany)

IRS P3

(India)

21/3/96 -

31/5/04200 500 18 408-1600 Polar

OCINEC

(Japan)

ROCSAT-1

(Taiwan)

27/01/99 -

16/6/04690 825 6 433-12,500 Polar

OCTSNASDA

(Japan)

ADEOS

(Japan)

17/8/96 -

29/6/971400 700 12 402-12,500 Polar

OSMIKARI

(Korea)

KOMPSAT-1

/Arirang-

1(Korea)

20/12/99 -

31/1/08800 850 6 400-900 Polar

POLDERCNES

(France)

ADEOS

(Japan)

17/8/96 -

29/6/972400 6 km 9 443-910 Polar

POLDER-2CNES

(France)

ADEOS-II

(Japan)

14/12/02 -

24/10/032400 6000 9 443-910

updated

02/23/2010

http://www.ioccg.org/sensors/historical.html

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http://www.ioccg.org/sensors/current.html

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http://www.ioccg.org/sensors/scheduled.html

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SeaWiFS sensor on OrbView 2

•SeaWiFS, launched in 1997, still the “gold standard” in ocean color due to best orbit (noon), tilting away from the Sun glint, and best calibration

•SeaWiFS/OrbView 2 - the only sensor on the platform while MODIS/Aqua, MERIS/Envisat, etc have many instruments with conflicting requirements

•SeaWiFS calibration is a mixture of in-flight calibration against the Moon plus vicarious calibration versus MOBY

Orbit:Type: Sun-synchronousAltitude: 705 kmEquatorial Crossing: Noon ± 20 minInclination: 98.2°Period: 99 minutes

<- before launch

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SeaWiFS, 1997/09 – present, ~4 km (GAC) globally, 1 km (merged LAC)

available globally 1997-2005, from 2006 for ~N America

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CZCS on NIMBUS-7, 1978/11 – 1986/06, 1 km, reprocessed 2006

OCTS on ADEOS, 1996/11 – 1997/06, (1 km) 4 km, reprocessed 2006

SeaWiFS, 1997/09 – present, 1 km, after 2005 limited LAC (MLAC), GAC,

interrupted data flow from 2008 on

gap, 1986/07 – 1996/10, ~ 10 years (local and interrupted coverage by MOS in 1996)

gap, 1997/07 – 1997/09, ~ 2 months

MODIS onTerra, 1999-, 1 km, 250 m, bad calibrationMERIS on ENVISAT, 2002–, 1 km (RR), 300 m (FR), Sentinel follow-on)

MODIS on Aqua, 2002/11-present, 1 km, 250 m

VIIRS on NPP (NPOESS Preparatory Mission), ↑Oct. 2011 ?

VIIRS on JPSS1 (Joint Polar Satellite System),

formerly NPOESS, ↑ ~3/2015 ?

VIIRS on JPSS2, ↑ ~5/2018 ?

ACE, GEO-CAPE, Hyspiri

GLI on ADEOS-2, failed after ~6 months, 2003

1978-

1996-

2000-

2010-

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Processing Level:•Level 0 - raw radiance counts from sensor, spacecraft and instrument telemetry data

•Level 1A -Level-0 data with appended calibration and navigation data, instrument and spacecraft telemetry

•Level 1B – calibrated radiances at sensor level, i.e. TOA

•Level 2 - geophysical values, derived from Level-1A by applying sensor calibration, atmospheric corrections, and bio-optical algorithms, e.g. chlor_a, Rrs412, Rrs443,..

•Level 3 - Binned (time and space), SMI (Standard Mapped Image) mapped to Equidistant Cylindrical projection, at ~ 4.6 km, 9 km spatial resolution

•Level 4 – After application of models (e.g. Net Primary Production, Export Flux of Carbon) to L3 data

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Examples:•Level 2 - geophysical values, derived by applying calibrations, atmospheric corrections, and bio-optical algorithms, e.g. chlor_a, Rrs412, Rrs443,..

•Level 3 - Binned (time and space), SMI (Standard Mapped Image) mapped to Equidistant Cylindrical projection, at ~ 4.6 km, 9 km spatial resolution

•Level 4 – After application of models (e.g. Net Primary Production, Export Flux of Carbon) to L3 data

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http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/

•Use Level-1&2 browser to download individual L2 datasets (swaths), or order multiple sets of L2 data•Use FTP (wget) to download global mapped L3 (SMI) data, then bzip2 –d or gzip -d

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•longitude, latitude

•aot_869, angstrom

•Rrs_412, 443, 469, 488, 531, 547, 555, 645, 667, 678

•chlor_a

•Kd_490

•pic

•poc

•cdom_index

•ipar

•nflh

•par

•l2_flags

•In earlier versions: nLw_412, nLw_443, nLw_488, nLw_531, nLw_551, nLw_667, sst

Contents of a MODIS L2 file (R2009.1):

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Contents of a MODIS SST L2 file (R2007):•longitude, latitude

•sst

•qual_sst

•l2_flags

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•longitude, latitude

•aot_865

•angstrom

•Rrs_412, 443, 490, 510, 555, 670

•chlor_a

•Kd_490

•pic

•poc

•cdom_index

•par

•l2_flags

Contents of a SeaWiFS L2 file (R2009.1):

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Dataset Product type Server Address

Username

Password

MERIS RR reprocessed dataset

MER_RR__1PMER_RR__2P

http://merci-srv.eo.esa.int/merci/

MERIS RR (reduced resolution, = 1 km) data freely available

•Caution: downloading slow and “tricky”

MERIS FR (Full Resolution, = 300 m) data available with restrictions

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•reflec_1, …, reflec_14

•water_vapour

•algal_1 (empirical band ratio algorithm)

•algal_2 (NN algorithm)

•yellow_subs

•total_susp

•photosyn_rad

•toa_veg, boa_veg

•rect_refl_red, rect_refl_nir

•surf_press

•aero_alpha

•aero_opt_tick_443, 550, 865

•cloud_albedo, cloud_opt_thick, cloud_top_press, cloud_type

•l2_flags

Contents of a MERIS L2 RR file:

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http://www.globcolour.info/FTP service: ftp.acri.fr , login globcolour_data , password fgh678 Directories: GLOB_4KM, EURO_4KM, EURO_2KM

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FTP service: ftp.acri.fr , login globcolour_data , password fgh678 Directories: GLOB_4KM, EURO_4KM, EURO_2KMDirectory structure under FPS:

Contents of a GLobColour 4 km CHL1 file:

CHL1_mean ↓ in ISIN projection (4.7 km)

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Tools…SeaDAS

Pros:• Free, developed by NASA, http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov/seadas/, essential for L1->L2 processing (calibration, atmospheric correction), source code in C, IDL•Cons: antiquated user interface, no native Windows version (through virtual machine)

BEAMPros:• Free, developed by Brockmann Consult for ESA, http://www.brockmann-consult.de/cms/web/beam/ , modern user interface written in Java•Cons: primarily for MERIS and other Envisat sensors

WIM/WAMPros:• Many high-level applications, e.g. anomalies, fronts, EOF, trend detection, native Windows interface• Cons: not free, http://www.wimsoft.com

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Course materials: http://www.wimsoft.com/course.htm