evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

BwZnvm c„ôv � 39

Avh© mgvR I mf¨Zv GK mgq aviYv Kiv n‡Zv †h Avh© mf¨ZvB fvi‡Zi cÖvPxbZg mf¨Zv| wKšÍz wmÜz mf¨Zv Avwe®‹v‡ii d‡j GB aviYvi cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q| Z‡e fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k HwZnvwmK hy‡Mi ïiy Avh©‡`i AvMgb †_‡KB| Avh©‡`i Avw` evm¯’vb I fviZe‡l© AvMgb Ges µgwe¯Ív‡i eY©bv i‡q‡Q cÖ_g cv‡V| FM&-ˆew`K I cieZx© ˆew`K hy‡M Avh©mgv‡Ri BwZnvm ¯’vb †c‡q‡Q wØZxq cv‡V| Avh©‡`i mgvR e¨e¯’v, A_©‰bwZK I ivR‰bwZK Rxeb I ag©wek¦vm Av‡jvPbv K‡i Avh© mf¨Zvi cwiPq `vb Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avh© mgv‡R Ôag©' †¶‡Î ˆew`K a‡g©i cÖwZwµqv ¯^iƒc fvi‡Z Rb¥ wb‡q‡Q ywU bZzb ag©gZÑ ˆRb ag© I †eŠ× ag©| GB ag©Ø‡qi D™¢e I g~jgš¿ Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q Z…Zxq I PZz_© cv‡V|

G BDwb‡Ui cvV¸‡jv n‡”Q t • cvV-2. Avh©‡`i AvMgb I we¯Ívi • cvV-2. Avh©‡`i mgvR, A_©bxwZ, ag© I ivR‰bwZK Rxeb • cvV-3. ˆRb ag© • cvV-4. †eŠ× ag©|

Gm Gm GBP Gj

BDwbU--- c„ôv � 40

Avh©‡`i AvMgb I we — vi

D‡Ïk¨ GB cvV c‡o Avcwb • Avh©‡`i Avw` evmf‚wg m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ gZev` Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb| • fviZe‡l© Avh©‡`i emwZ we¯Ív‡ii weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

ms¯‹…‡Z Avh© k‡ãi A_© mreskRvZ e¨w³| g¨v·gyjvi, m¨vi DBwjqvg †RvÝ cÖf…wZ cwÛ‡Zi g‡Z Avh© GKwU fvlv‡Mvôxi bvg| hviv Avh© fvlvq K_v e‡j ZvivB Avh© RvwZi AšÍfy©³ e‡j we‡ewPZ|

wdwj‡àv m¨v‡mwU bvgK †d¬v‡i‡Ýi GKRb ewYK †Mvqv‡Z cuvPeQi Ae¯’v‡bi (1783-1788 wLªt) ci cÖ_g ms¯‹…‡Zi m‡½ BD‡iv‡ci cÖavb K‡qKwU fvlvi mv`„‡k¨i K_v †NvlYv K‡ib| 1786 wLª÷v‡ã GwkqvwUK †mvmvBwU Ae †e½‡j cÖ`Ë Zuvi e³…Zvq wZwb e‡jb †h, GKB Drm †_‡K DrcwËi Kvi‡Y G mv`„k¨| Zuvi g‡Z, wMÖK, j¨vwUb, Mw_K, †KwëK, ms¯‹…Z, cviwmK, Rvg©vb BZ¨vw` GKB Drm †_‡K D™¢yZ| G fvlv¸‡jv cwÛZ†`i Kv‡Q B‡›`v-BD‡ivcxq ev B‡›`v-Rvg©vb fvlv iƒ‡c cwiwPZ| fvlvMZ mv`„‡k¨i Kvi‡Y cÖkœ `uvwo‡q‡Q †h, GB Avh© fvlv †h RvwZ‡Mvôx e¨envi Ki‡Zv Zv‡`i Avw` evmf‚wg †Kv_vq wQj|G m¤ú‡K© cwÛZMY wewfbœ gZvgZ e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| GK`j cwÛZ g‡b K‡ib †h, Avh©iv Avw`‡Z fviZevmx wQj| cieZx©Kv‡j Zviv fvi‡Zi evB‡i cwðg Gwkqv I BD‡iv‡c Qwo‡q c‡o| Ab¨‡`i g‡Z, Avh©iv evB‡i †_‡K G‡m fvi‡Z emwZ ¯’vcb K‡iwQj|

huviv g‡b K‡ib †h Avh©‡`i Avw` evmf~wg wQj fviZel©, Zuviv wbgœwjwLZ hyw³ †`Lv‡bvi †Póv K‡i‡Qb : (K) Avh©‡`i cÖvPxbZg MÖš’ †e` fvi‡Z iwPZ n‡qwQj| †e‡` mßwmÜz A‡ji D‡jøL i‡q‡Q|

ˆew`K mvwn‡Z¨ †h mKj MvQ I cï-cvwLi D‡jøL Av‡Q Zv fvi‡Zi GB A‡j †`Lv hvq| (L) hviv †`k Z¨vM K‡i Ab¨ †`‡k wM‡q emevm K‡i Zviv Zv‡`i Avw` evmf‚wgi K_v ¯§iY K‡i|

wKšÍz ˆew`K mvwn‡Z¨ mßwmÜz Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb †`‡ki bvg cvIqv hvq bv| (M) cviwMUv‡ii g‡Z, DËi-cwðg w`K ‡_‡K Avh©‡`i AwfcÖqv‡Yi †Kvb cÖgvY fvi‡Zi BwZnv‡m

†bB, eis DËi-cwðg n‡Z Avh©‡`i fvi‡Zi evB‡i hvIqv m¤¢e| F‡M¦‡`i b`x † Ív‡Î †h b`x¸‡jvi D‡jøL Av‡Q Zv M½v w`‡q ïiy n‡q DËi-cwð‡g mi¯^Zx w`‡q †kl n‡q‡Q| GB b`x †¯ÍvÎ †_‡K aviYv Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i †h Avh©iv c~e© †_‡K DËi-cwð‡g wM‡qwQj|

(N) Avh©iv ewnivMZ n‡j Zv‡`i Avw` evmf‚wg‡Z †e‡`i gZ †Kvb MÖš’ iwPZ nqwb †Kb? Gme hyw³i gva¨‡g wKQy HwZnvwmK `vex K‡ib †h, Avh©‡`i Avw` evmf‚wg wQj fviZel©| wKšÍz

†Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv cwÛZ G g‡Zi wec‡¶ †ek wKQy hyw³ †`wL‡q‡Qb| Zuv‡`i hyw³¸‡jv wbgœiƒct (K) †e‡` D‡jøwLZ MvQcvjv I cïcvwLi bvg †_‡K wbwðZfv‡e ejv hvq bv †h mßwmÜz AÂjB

wQj Avh©‡`i Avw` evmf‚wg| fvi‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i cÖ_‡g Zviv H A‡j emwZ ¯’vcb Kivq H GjvKvi MvQcvjv I cïcvwLi m‡½ Zv‡`i cÖ_g cwiPq N‡U| G Kvi‡YB G¸‡jvi bvg D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| †e`I iwPZ n‡qwQj H GjvKv‡ZB|

cvV - 1

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

BwZnvm c„ôv � 41

(L) GgbI n‡Z cv‡i †h `xN©Kvj mßwmÜz A‡j evm Kivi d‡j Avh©iv Zv‡`i Avw` evmf‚wgi me ¯§„wZ nvwi‡q †d‡jwQj e‡jB †e‡` Zvi D‡jøL cvIqv hvq bv|

(M) b`x † ÍvÎ w`‡q Avh©‡`i DËi-cwðg fviZ †_‡K evB‡i AwfcÖqvY cÖgvY Kiv hvq bv| ˆew`K mvwn‡Z¨ 39 wU b`xi bvg cvIqv hvq| Zvi g‡a¨ F‡M¦‡`B cvIqv hvq 25wU b`xi bvg, wKšÍz M½v b`xi bvg ïaygvÎ GKevi D‡jøwLZ n‡q‡Q| Avh©iv fvi‡Zi Avw`evmx n‡j Ges c~e© †_‡K cwð‡g AwfcÖqvY N‡U _vK‡j M½v b`xi mv†_ Zv‡`i wbweo m¤úK© _vKvi K_v Ges †m †¶‡Î M½vi bvg evievi D‡jøwLZ nIqv DwPr wQj|

(N) F‡M¦‡`i gZ †Kvb MÖš’ Ab¨ †Kvb †`‡k iwPZ nqwb e‡jB ejv hvq bv †h fviZB wQj Avh©‡`i Avw` evmf‚wg| GgbI n‡Z cv‡i †h fvi‡Z Avmvi Av‡M †e‡`i gZ MÖš’ iPbv Kivi gZ eyw×e„wËK I mvgvwRK Dbœqb Zv‡`i N‡Uwb|

(O) ZvQvov ejv hvq †h fviZel© Avh©‡`i Avw` evmf‚wg n‡j Zviv fviZ Z¨v‡Mi Av‡MB †MvUv fviZe‡l© Avh© emwZ I ms¯‹…wZ we¯Ívi Ki‡Zv| wKšÍz DËi fvi‡Zi †ek wKQy GjvKv Ges `w¶Y fviZ wQj Avh© ms¯‹…wZi evB‡i|

(P) ms¯‹…Z fvlvq Zvje¨ e‡Y©i (b, s, r) cÖvavb¨ †`Lv hvq hv BD‡ivcxq Ab¨ †Kvb B‡›`v-BD‡ivcxq fvlvq †bB| cwÛ‡Ziv g‡b K‡ib †h, BD‡ivc †_‡K fvi‡Z Avmvi ci `ªvweo fvlvi cÖfv‡e GiKg n‡q‡Q|

(Q) ˆew`K mvwn‡Z¨ wms‡ni D‡jøL _vK‡jI evN I nvwZi D‡jøL †bB| Avh©iv fvi‡Zi Avw`evmx n‡j fvi‡Zi GB ywU cÖvYxi bv‡gi D‡jøL ˆew`K mvwn‡Z¨ Aek¨B _vKv DwPr wQj|

Gme hyw³i e‡j cwÛ‡Ziv cÖgvY Kivi †Póv K‡i‡Qb †h Avh©‡`i Avw` evmf‚wg wQj fvi‡Zi evB‡i|

A‡bK HwZnvwmK g‡b K‡ib †h, Avh©iv BD‡ivc †_‡K fvi‡Z G‡mwQj| Zuv‡`i hyw³¸‡jv wbgœiƒct

(K) Avh© fvlv‡Mvôxi mvZwU fvlvi g‡a¨ cuvPwU GLbI BD‡iv‡ci fvlv, ïay ms¯‹…Z I cviwmK BD‡iv‡ci evB‡ii|BD‡iv‡c wMÖK, j¨vwUb, Rvg©vb cÖf…wZ Avh©© fvlv¸‡jvi †h iKg Nb mwbœ‡ek †`Lv hvq fvi‡Z Zv †`Lv hvq bv| BD‡iv‡c Avh© †Mvôxfy³ fvlvi Avwa‡K¨i Kvi‡Y cwÛ‡Ziv g‡b K‡ib †h, Avw`‡Z Avh©iv BD‡iv‡cB evm Ki‡Zv|

(L) ˆew`K mvwn‡Z¨ IK, DB‡jv, evP© BZ¨vw` MvQ Ges †Nvov, Mvfx, luvo, ïKi cÖf…wZ RšÍzi D‡jøL cvIqv hvq| cÖvP¨ †`‡ki RšÍz nvwZ, evN, DU BZ¨vw`i †Kv‡bv D‡jøL ˆew`K mvwn‡Z¨ †bB|

(M) Aa¨vcK MvBjm g‡b K‡ib †h, Avh©‡`i Avw` evmf‚wg wQj `w¶Y c~e© BD‡ivc| Avw` B‡›`v-BD‡ivcxq fvlvq mgy‡ ªi †Kvb D‡jøL bv _vKvq a‡i †bIqv hvq †h Avh©‡`i Avw` evmf‚wg †Kvb Øx‡c ev mgy`ª Zx‡i wQjbv| Zviv †hme MvQcvjv I cïcvwLi bvg D‡jøL K‡i‡Q †m¸‡jv bvwZkx‡Zvò A‡ji|Avh©iv ZLb ’vqxfv‡e emevm Ges K…wlKvR ïiy K‡iwQj| Zv‡`i M„ncvwjZ cïi g‡a¨ Miy, †Nvov I †fovi Rb¨ wfbœ wfbœ ai‡bi cÖvK…wZK cwi‡ek cÖ‡qvRb wQj| Zvn‡j g‡b Ki‡Z n‡e †h Avh©‡`i Avw` evm¯’vb Ggb GKwU ¯’v‡b wQj †hLv‡b K…wl I PviY‡hvM¨ cwi‡ek †KvbwUiB Afve wQjbv | †mLv‡b K…wl‡hvM¨ Rwg, †Nvovi Rb¨ we¯ÍxY© †¯Íc Ges †fov Piv‡bvi Rb¨ DuPy RwgÑ meB wQj| Gm‡ei w`‡K j¶ †i‡L W. MvBjm eZ©gvb Awóªqv-nv‡½wi AÂj‡KB Avh©‡`i Avw` evmf‚wg wnmv‡e wPwýZ K‡i‡Qb|

Aa¨vcK eª¨v‡Û÷vBb g‡b K‡ib †h, Divj ce©‡Zi `w¶‡Y wKiwNR ‡¯Íc AÂjB wQj Avh©‡`i Avw` evmf‚wg| G wm×v‡šÍ DcbxZ nIqvi Rb¨ wZwb kãZ‡Ë¡i mvnvh¨ wb‡q‡Qb| Zuvi g‡Z, cÖ_g w`‡Ki B‡›`v-BD‡ivcxq kãvejx‡Z †Kvb ce©Zgvjvi cv`‡`‡k we¯ÍxY© †¯Íc f‚wg‡Z Avh©‡`i Avw` evmf‚wgi Bw½Z cvIqv hvq| cieZx©Kv‡ji B‡›`v-BD‡ivcxq kãvejx‡Z m¤ú~Y© wfbœ ai‡bi Rwg, MvQcvjv Ges RxeRšÍzi mÜvb cvIqv hvq| ‡mLv‡b ﮋ †¯Ícf‚wgi m‡½ mswkøó kãvejxi cwie‡Z© Rjvf‚wgi ¯úó

Gm Gm GBP Gj

BDwbU--- c„ôv � 42

Bw½Zevnx kãvejx cvIqv hvq| eZ©gv‡b AwaKvsk cwÛZB eª¨v‡Û÷vB‡bi g‡Zi mg_©K Ges Zuviv g‡b K‡ib †h, wKiwNR AÂjB Avh©‡`i Avw` evmf‚wg|

†e` n‡”Q Avh©‡`i cÖvPxbZg mvwnZ¨| PviwU †e‡`i g‡a¨ F‡M¦` cÖvPxbZg| †e` cÖ_‡g wjwLZ AvKv‡i wQjbv| F‡M¦‡`i †¯Ívθ‡jv cÖ_g iwPZ nq Ges kªywZ ev Kv‡b ï‡b ¯§„wZ ev Ave„wËi gva¨‡g eûKvj esk ci¤úivq †_‡K hvq| A‡bK c‡i †e`‡K wjwce× Kiv nq|

F‡M¦‡`i iPbvKvj Rvb‡Z cvi‡j Avh©‡`i fvi‡Z AvMg‡bi mgq Rvbv hvq|Rvg©vb cwÛZ g¨v·gyjv‡ii g‡Z, F‡M¦` †Kvb GKwU wbw`©ó mg‡q iwPZ nqwb| F‡M¦‡`i wewfbœ Ask wewfbœ mgq iwPZ n‡qwQj| Zuvi g‡Z, F‡M¦‡`i iPbvKvj wQj 1200-1000 wLª÷c~e©v‡ãi g‡a¨| DB›Uviwbrm F‡M¦` I cÖvPxb cviwmK ag©MÖš’ †R›` Av‡e¯Ívi fvlvi AmvaviY mv`„k¨ †`‡L g‡b K‡ib †h, ywU MÖš’B mgmvgwqKKv‡j iwPZ n‡qwQj| fvlvZvwË¡K cwÛZ‡`i g‡Z Av‡e¯Ív iwPZ n‡qwQj AvbygvwbK 1000 wLª÷c~e©v‡ã| Kv‡RB F‡M¦‡`i iPbvi mgqKvjI Abyiƒc n‡Z cv‡i|

Gwkqv gvBb‡ii AšÍM©Z †evNvR‡KvB bvgK ¯’v‡b wLª÷c~e© 1400 A‡ãi GKwU wkjvwjwc cvIqv †M‡Q| G‡Z ˆew`K †`eZv B› ª, eiyY, wgÎ cÖgy‡Li Abyiƒc bvg Av‡Q| G †_‡K g‡b Kiv hvq †h F‡M¦‡`i iPbv ïiy n‡qwQj 1400 wLª÷c~e©v‡ãi w`‡K| Aa¨vcK e¨vkvg g‡b K‡ib †h, F‡M¦‡`i iPbv Kvj wQj 1500-1000 wLª÷c~e©vã| mvaviYZ cwÛZMY g‡b K‡ib †h, Avh©iv 1500 wLª÷c~e©v‡ãi w`‡K fvi‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡iwQj|

F‡M¦` †_‡K Avh©‡`i fvi‡Z emwZ ¯’vcb I we¯Ívi m¤ú‡K© wKQy Z_¨ cvIqv hvq| cieZx© ˆew`K mvwn‡Z¨ G m¤ú‡K© Av‡iv wKQy weeiY cvIqv hvq|

F‡M¦‡` AvdMvwb Ív‡bi Kveyj I ¯^vZ, cvÄv‡ei kZ`ªy ,BiveZx, P›`ªfvMv, wecvkv, wSjvg Ges wmÜz I mi¯^Zx b`xi D‡jøL Av‡Q| wn›`yKzk ce©‡Zi wMwic_ w`‡q Avh©iv fvi‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges cÖ_‡g AvdMvwb¯Ívb I DËi-cwðg fvi‡Z emwZ ¯’vcb K‡i| Avh©iv AvdMvwb¯Ívb mxgvšÍ †_‡K cvÄv‡ei mxgvšÍ ch©šÍ we¯ÍxY© AÂj‡K ÔmßwmÜz' AvL¨v w`‡qwQj| D‡jøL¨ †h F‡M¦‡`i cÖ_g w`‡Ki †¯Ívθ‡jv‡Z fvi‡Zi cÖavb b`x M½v ev hgybvi †Kvb D‡jøL †bB| Aa¨vcK †ivwgjv _vcvi g‡b K‡ib †h, F‡M¦‡`i hy‡M Avh©iv w`wjø AÂj ch©šÍ emwZ we¯Ívi K‡iwQj| cieZx©Kv‡j Avh©iv Av‡iv c~e©w`‡K Zv‡`i emwZ we¯Ívi K‡i| cieZx© ˆew`K Drm¸‡jv‡Z ywU mvMi Ges wngvjq I weܨ ce©‡Zi D‡jøL cvIqv hvq| Mv‡½q DcZ¨Kvi AvenvIqv ZLb wQj Av`ª© I e„wóeûj| d‡j cv_i, †eªvÄ I Zvgvi nvwZqvi w`‡q R½j cwi®‹vi K‡i Lye `ªyZ c~e©w`‡K emwZ ’vcb m¤¢e wQjbv| wLª÷c~e© 800 A‡ãi w`‡K †jvnvi cÖPjb NU‡j Avh©iv `ªyZ emwZ we¯Ívi Ki‡Z m¶g nq| †jvKmsL¨v e„w× †c‡j †MvPviY f‚wg, ebR m¤ú` Ges K…wl †¶‡Îi Ici Pvc c‡i| c~e© fvi‡Zi M½v-hgybv DcZ¨Kv wQj De©i Ges LwbR m¤ú` mg„×| Gme m¤ú‡`i †jv‡f Ges cvÄv‡e ¯’vbvfv‡ei Kvi‡Y Avh©iv c~e© fvi‡Zi w`‡K AMÖmi n‡qwQj| cieZx© ˆew`K hy‡M Avh©mf¨Zvi †K› ª cvÄve †_‡K ga¨‡`k ev M½v-hgybv DcZ¨Kvq m‡i Av‡m| `w¶Y fvi‡Z Avh©mf¨Zv we¯Ívi m¤ú‡K© mwVK weeiY cvIqv hvq bv| `w¶Y fvi‡Z Avh© mf¨Zv m¤ú~Y©fv‡e we¯Ívi jvf K‡iwb|

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

BwZnvm c„ôv � 43

mvims‡¶c Avh©‡`i Avw` evmf‚wg m¤ú‡K© cwÛZMY wewfbœ gZvgZ e¨³ K‡i‡Qb| Z‡e eZ©gv‡b Aa¨vcK eª¨v‡Û÷vB‡bi gZvbymv‡i AwaKvsk cwÛZB g‡b K‡ib †h, Iivj ce©‡Zi `w¶‡Y wKiwNR †¯Íc AÂjB wQj Avh©‡`i Avw` evmf‚wg|†e` n‡”Q Avh©‡`i cÖvPxbZg mvwnZ¨, hv cÖ_‡g wjwLZ AvKv‡i wQj bv| A‡bK c‡i †e` wjwce× Kiv nq| PviwU †e‡`i g‡a¨ cÖvPxbZg n‡”Q F‡M¦`| Avh©‡`i fvi‡Z emwZ ¯’vcb I we¯Ívi m¤ú‡K© F‡M¦` I cieZx© ˆew`K mvwn‡Z¨ wKQy Z_¨ cvIqv hvq| mvaviYZ cwÛZMY g‡b K‡ib Avh©iv 1500 wLª÷c~e©v‡ã wn› yKzk ce©‡Zi wMwic_ w`‡q fvi‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i cÖ_‡g AvdMvwb¯Ívb I DËi-cwðg fvi‡Z emwZ ¯’vcb K‡i| GB we¯ÍxY© AÂj‡K Zviv ÔmßwmÜz' bv‡g AvL¨v w`‡qwQj| cieZx©‡Z Zviv c~e© fvi‡Zi w`‡K AMÖmi n‡q Zv‡`i emwZ we¯Ívi K‡i| `w¶Y fvi‡Z Avh© mf¨Zv we¯Ívi m¤ú‡K© mwVK weeiY cvIqv hvq bv|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ t mwVK cÖ‡kœi cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b| 1. Avh©‡`i Avw`evmf‚wg wQj - (K) mvB‡ewiqv (L) fviZel© (M) wKiwNR AÂj (N) Aw÷ªqv-nv‡½wi 2. Avh©iv fvi‡Z cÖ_g Av‡m - (K) wLª÷c~e© 2000 A‡ã (L) wLª÷c~e© 1500 A‡ã (M) wLª÷c~e© 1000 A‡ã (N) wLª÷c~e© 800 A‡ã 3. Avh©iv cÖ_‡g fvi‡Z emwZ ’vcb K‡iwQj - (K) †ejywP¯Ív‡b (L) DËi-cwðg mxgvšÍ AÂj I cvÄv‡e (M) `w¶Y fvi‡Z (N) evsjvq 4. cieZx©Kv‡j fvi‡Z Avh©‡`i emwZ we¯Ívi N‡UwQj - (K) ivRcyZbvq (L) Kvwk¥‡i (M) Mv‡½q DcZ¨Kvq (N) †mŠiv‡óª msw¶ß cÖkœ t 1| Avh©iv wK BD‡ivc †_‡K AvMZ? 2| F‡M¦‡` cÖvß Z‡_¨i wfwˇZ fviZe‡l© Avh©‡`i AvMgb I emwZ we¯Ív‡ii weeiY w`b|

Gm Gm GBP Gj

BDwbU--- c„ôv � 44

iPbvg~jK cÖkœ t 1. Avh©‡`i Avw` evmf‚wg m¤úwK©Z wewfbœ gZev` Av‡jvPbv Kiyb | 2. fviZe‡l© Avh©‡`i AvMgb I emwZ we¯Ív‡ii weeiY w`b| mnvqK MÖš’cwÄ 1| R.C. Majumdar, The History and Culture of the Indian People (Vol-1), Vedic Age. 2| cÖfvZvsï gvBZx, fviZ BwZnvm cwiµgv, 1g LÛ|

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

BwZnvm c„ôv � 45

Avh©‡`i mgvR, A_©bxwZ, ag© I ivR‰bwZK Rxeb

D‡Ïk¨

GB cvV c‡o Avcwb • Avh©‡`i mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK, ag©xq I ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’vi weeiY w`‡Z cvi‡eb ; • cieZx© ˆew`K hy‡M Avh©‡`i RxebPP©vq cwieZ©bmg~‡ni weeiY Avcwb w`‡Z cvi‡eb|

wLª÷c~e© 1500 A‡ãi w`‡K Avh©iv fviZe‡l© AvMgb K‡iwQj e‡j g‡b Kiv nq| Avh©‡`i ag©MÖš’ †e` †_‡K fvi‡Z Zv‡`i RxebhvÎvi wewfbœ w`K m¤ú‡K© wKQy aviYv jvf Kiv hvq| †e` c„w_exi cÖvPxbZg MÖš’| GUv Avevi Pvi fv‡M wef³ h_v t FK&, mvg, hRyi Ges A_e©| F‡M¦‡`i m¤¢ve¨ iPbvKvj wLª÷c~e© 1500-900 A‡ãi g‡a¨ e‡j Aa¨vcK e¨vkvg g‡b K‡ib| Ab¨ wZbwU †e` wLª÷c~e© 900-600 A‡ãi g‡a¨ iwPZ n‡qwQj e‡j aviYv Kiv nq| Avh© mf¨Zv‡K `yB fv‡M Av‡jvPbv Kiv hvq- F‡M¦‡`i hy‡Mi mf¨Zv ev F‰M¦w`K mf¨Zv Ges cieZx© ˆew`K mf¨Zv|

F‰M¦w`K Avh© mf¨Zv mvgvwRK Ae¯’v t

F‡M¦‡` GKwU mymsMwVZ mgvR-e¨e¯’vi wPÎ cvIqv hvq|GK weevn cÖPwjZ wbqg n‡jI ivRcwiev‡ii ev Lye D”PweË cwiev‡i gv‡S gv‡S eû weevn †`Lv hvq| eû cwZZ¡ Aek¨ cÖPwjZ wQj bv| weevn‡K cweÎ eÜbiƒ‡c we‡ePbv Kiv n‡Zv Ges weevn we‡”Q` cÖPwjZ wQjbv|weaev‡`i mvaviYZ: mšÍvbnxbv‡`i †`e‡ii m‡½ cyb:weev‡ni wbqg wQj| A‡šÍ¨wówµqvq mšÍv‡bi AskMÖn‡Yi cÖ‡qvRbxqZv †_‡KB g‡b nq GUv n‡qwQj|cY cÖ_v cÖPwjZ wQj, Z‡e gv‡S gv‡S ei‡KB cY w`‡Z n‡Zv| †g‡q‡`i Rb¨ we‡q eva¨Zvg~jK wQj bv Ges †`Lv hvq †h †g‡q evev ev fvB‡qi msmv‡i †_‡K †h‡Zv| we‡qi ci beea~ Zvi bZzb msmv‡i m¤§vbRbK ’vb jvf Ki‡Zv Ges k¦ïi, k¦vkywo, fvmyi, †`ei Ges bb`‡`i †`Lvïbv Ki‡Zv| agx©q Abyôvbvw`‡Z ¯¿x ¯^vgxi m‡½ AskMÖnY Ki‡Zv Ges ¯¿xi AskMÖnY e¨ZxZ †Kvb Abyôvb‡KB Kvh©Ki we‡ePbv Kiv n‡Zv bv| evj¨weev‡ni cÖPjb wQj bv| ¯^vgx wbe©vP‡bi e¨vcv‡i K‡bi wcZvi cQ‡›`i g~j¨ †`Iqv n‡Zv| wKšÍz G e¨vcv‡i K‡biI wKQyUv ¯^vaxbZv wQj| ¯¿x-wk¶vi cÖPjb wQj Ges wkw¶Zv gwnjv wnmv‡e Avgiv †jvcvgy ªv, wek¦eviv, Acvjv, ggZv, †Nvlv cÖgy‡Li bvg †`L‡Z cvB Ges Zuviv †e`gš¿I iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb| gwnjviv hy×we`¨v, AwmPvjbv BZ¨vw`I wkL‡Zb| c`v©cÖ_vi cÖPjb wQjbv| mZx`vn cÖ_vi D‡jøL cvIqv †M‡jI weaev weev‡ni cÖPjb _vKvq Aa¨vcK †ivwgjv _vcvi g‡b K‡ib †h, F‰M¦w`K hy‡M mZx`vn wQj cÖZxwK|

cwievi wQj wcZ…-cÖavb| cwiev‡ii me©v‡c¶v eq¯‹ cyiyl M„ncwZ wnmv‡e MY¨ n‡Zb| wZwb wQ‡jb mg¯Í ¯’vei m¤úwËi gvwjK| Miy, †Nvov, Aj¼vi BZ¨vw`i gZ A¯’vei m¤úwËi e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbv Ab¨‡`i _vK‡Z cvi‡Zv|`ËK-mšÍvb †bIqvi AwaKvi ¯^xK…Z wQj|cyÎnxb wcZvi m¤úwË DËivwaKvix wnmv‡e Kb¨v bq, jvf Ki‡Zv †`ŠwnÎ|cwievi wQj GKvbœeZx© Ges wcZv-gvZv, wcZvgnx, gvZvgnx Ges Ab¨vb¨ cwiRb wb‡q cwievi MwVZ n‡Zv|cwiev‡ii cÖavb‡K ejv n‡Zv Kzjc ev `¤úwZ|

cvV - 2

Gm Gm GBP Gj

BDwbU--- c„ôv � 46

cwievi wcZ…-cÖavb nIqvq mK‡jB cyÎ mšÍvb Kvgbv Ki‡Zv, Z‡e Kb¨v mšÍvb‡K Ae‡njv Kiv n‡Zv bv|

he, Mg, ya, djg~j, gvQ I gvsm wQj Avh©‡`i cÖavb Lv`¨| Zviv fvZ I Pvj-RvZ Lv`¨I †L‡Zv| wN, gvLb, `B BZ¨vw` Zv‡`i wcÖq Lv`¨ wQj| Zviv wcVv I PvjRvZ cv‡qkI †L‡Zv| †Nvov, QvMj I cvwLi gvsm wQj Zv‡`i Lv`¨-ZvwjKvi AšÍfz©³| Miyi gvsmI Zviv †L‡Zv, Z‡e F‡M¦‡` yM¦eZx Mvfx nZ¨v wbwl× wQj| F‡M¦‡` Avh©‡`i Avnv‡h©i ZvwjKvq je‡Yi †Kvb D‡jøL †bB| b`x,SY©v, K~c †_‡K cvbxq Rj msMÖn Kiv n‡Zv| ZvQvov Avh©iv †mvg I myiv bvgK `ywU D‡ËRK cvbxqI cvb Ki‡Zv| myiv wQj mvaviY D‡ËRK cvbxq| ag©xq Abyôvb ev Drme Dcj‡¶ †mvg im cvb Kiv n‡Zv| GUv wQj GK ai‡bi jZvi im|

G hy‡M Avh©‡`i †cvkvK wZb As‡k wef³ wQj - bxwe, evm ev cwiavb Ges Awaevm ev `ªvwc| bxwe wQj AšÍe©vm, evm wQj evB‡ii ev Ic‡ii †cvkvK Ges Awaevm wQj DËixq ev Pv`i| Gme †cvkvK mywZ I ckwg n‡Zv| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv †¶‡Î Pvgov, we‡klZ nwi‡Yi Pvgov w`‡q †cvkvK ˆZwi Kiv n‡Zv| abx‡`i †cvkvK †mvbvi myZv w`‡q KviyKvR Kiv _vK‡Zv| bvix I cyiyl mevB †mvbvi I dz‡ji Aj¼vi e¨envi Ki‡Zv| †g‡qiv †ebx euva‡Zv| bvix cyiyl Df‡qB nvi, yj, evjv BZ¨vw` Aj¼vi ci‡Zv| cyiyl‡`i g‡a¨ `vwo ivLv I `vwo KvUv Dfq †iIqvRB wQj|

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F‡M¦‡`i hy‡M Avh©iv hvhvei e„wË Z¨vM K‡i ’vqxfv‡e emevm Ki‡Z ïiy K‡i| Zv‡`i evmM„n wQj Kv‡Vi LuywUi Ici L‡oi Pvj w`‡q ˆZwi| G¸‡jv wQj AvqZvKvi I GKvwaK K¶ wewkó| evmM„‡ni GK As‡k wQj M„ncvwjZ cïcvwL‡`i _vKvi ’vb| cÖ‡Z¨K evwo‡ZB GKwU †QvU AwMœKzÛ memgq R¡vwj‡q ivLv n‡Zv|

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Avw`‡Z Avh©‡`i g‡a¨ †Kvb RvwZ‡f` wQjbv| Avh©‡`i m‡½ Avw`g Awaevmx‡`i Mv‡qi e‡Y©i wfbœZvi Kvi‡Y eY©‡f` wQj| Avh©iv wQj dm©v, `xN©Kvq I DbœZ bvwmKvhy³ †`L‡Z my›`i| fvi‡Zi Avw`g Awaevmxiv wQj K…òKvq| d‡j Avh© I Abvh© GB yB †kªYxi m„wó nq| wKšÍz µ‡g †jvKmsL¨v e„w× I mgvR Rxe‡bi RwUjZvi Kvi‡Y Kg©¶gZv Ges †ckvi wfwˇZ mgvR PviwU †kªYx‡Z wef³ n‡q c‡o| c~Rv-cve©Y, hvM-hÁ I kv¯¿cv‡V cvi`kx©iv 'eªvþY' I †`ki¶v I †`k kvm‡b wb‡qvwRZ e¨w³iv '¶wÎq' bv‡g cwiwPZ nq| e¨emvq-evwYR¨, K…wl, wkí I cïcvj‡b wb‡qvwRZiv n‡jb Ôˆek¨'| G wZb †kªYxi †mevKv‡R wb‡qvwRZiv Ôk~`ª' bv‡g cwiwPZ nq| G †kªYxwefvM eskvbyµwgK wQjbv| wewfbœ †kªYxi g‡a¨ Aš—we©evn I GKm‡½ Lv`¨ MÖnY wbwl× wQj bv| cieZx©Kv‡j Avh©mgv‡R RvwZ‡f‡`i †h K‡VviZv †`Lv hvq F‰M¦w`K hy‡M Zv wQj bv| B”Qv I my‡hvMgZ Zuviv †ckv cwieZ©b Ki‡Z cvi‡Zv| ¶wÎq wek¦vwgÎ eªvþYZ¡ jvf K‡iwQ‡jb| AM¨ ͨ Fwl we‡q K‡iwQ‡jb we`f©iv‡Ri Kb¨v †jvcvgy`ªv‡K| FwlKb¨v †`ehvwbi we‡q n‡qwQj ¶wÎq GK ivRvi m‡½| k~‡`ªi nv‡Zi ivbœv LvIqv Kv‡iv Rb¨ wbwl× wQj bv| wbgœe‡Y©i Kv‡iv ¯úk© Ab¨ KvD‡K AcweÎ K‡i GiKg aviYvI

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

BwZnvm c„ôv � 47

ZLb Rb¥jvf K‡iwb| Avh© I Abvh©‡`i g‡a¨ mvgvwRK ˆelg¨ wQj| Abvh©iv `vm, `my¨ ev Amyi bv‡g AwfwnZ n‡Zv| Abvh©‡`i fvlv wQj Avjv`v Ges Zuviv Avh©‡`i gZ †`e-†`exi c~Rv ev cïewjI Ki‡Zv bv| hyׇ¶‡Î Avh©iv Abvh©‡`i fq †cZ| Aa¨vcK †ivwgjv _vcv‡ii g‡Z, Abvh©‡`i m‡½ mswgkª‡Yi d‡j Zv‡`i ¯KxqZv we‡jvc †c‡Z cv‡i G fqI Avh©‡`i Abvh©‡`i KvQ †_‡K ~‡i mwi‡q †i‡LwQj|

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F‡M¦‡`i hy‡M Rwgi gvwjKvbv e¨e¯’v m¤ú‡K© cwÛZ‡`i g‡a¨ gZ‡f` Av‡Q| W. GBP.wm.ivq †PŠayixi g‡Z, cïPviY f‚wg wQj me©mvavi‡Yi m¤úwË| ev¯Íy I Avev`x Rwg wQj e¨w³MZ gvwjKvbvaxb| Aa¨vcK †ivwgjv _vcvi g‡b K‡ib †h, †Mvov‡Z Rwg wQj MÖv‡gi gvwjKvbvaxb| wKšÍz c‡i DcRvwZK ms¯’v¸‡jv µgk: ye©j n‡q covq cwievi¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Rwg fvM Kiv †`Iqv nq Ges Rwgi e¨w³gvwjKvbv m„w÷ nq|

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Gm Gm GBP Gj

BDwbU--- c„ôv � 48

cÖavbZ K…wl I cïcvjb G hy‡Mi A_©‰bwZK wfwË n‡jI Avh©iv wewfbœ wkíK‡g©I cUz wQj| wk‡íi g‡a¨ g„Zwkí, e¯¿wkí, avZzwkí, Kviywkí wQj D‡jøL‡hvM¨| Ghy‡M m~Îai ev Kv‡Vi wgw ¿i KvR †ek jvfRbK wQj| i_, jvOj, M„n, Miyi Mvox BZ¨vw` †m ˆZwi Ki‡Zv| Pg©Kvi cïi Pvgov w`‡q wewfbœ cÖ‡qvRbxq wRwbm ˆZwi Ki‡Zv| Kvgvi wewfbœ avZz w`‡q msmv‡ii I hy‡×i wRwbmcÎ ˆZwi Ki‡Zv| G hy‡M †eªvÄ I Zvgvi cÖPjb wQj †ewk| Aa¨vcK e¨vkv‡gi g‡Z G hy‡M †jvnvi e¨envi wQjbv | mvaviYZ gwnjviv eqbwk‡íi KvR Ki‡Zv|

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evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

BwZnvm c„ôv � 49

F‰M¦w`K Avh©iv †`eZv‡`i D‡Ï‡k¨ gš¿cvV Ki‡Zv Ges wewfbœ `ªe¨ †hgb ya, wN, km¨, †mvgim I gvsm AvûwZ w`‡Zv| †`eZv‡`i mšÍzwó weavbB wQj G m‡ei D‡Ïk¨| F‰M¦w`K Avh©‡`i ag© wQj hÁ‡Kw› ªK| cvwievwiK h‡Á mvaviY wRwbm AvûwZ †`Iqv n‡Zv| wKšÍz Kvjµ‡g wekvj AvKv‡i h‡Ái e¨e¯’v Kiv nq hv‡Z ïay GKwU MÖvgB bq, †MvUv DcRvwZB Ask wbZ Ges ZLb eû cï ewj †`Iqv n‡Zv| wbqZ hy×iZ DcRvwZ¸‡jvi Rb¨ †`eZv‡`i Avkxev©` wQj AZ¨vek¨Kxq Ges Zviv wek¦vm Ki‡Zv †h h‡Á mšÍzó n‡j †`eZv ei`vb K‡ib| GgbI wek¦vm Kiv n‡Zv ‡h †`eZviv †jvKP¶zi AšÍiv‡j †_‡K hy‡× Ask MÖnY K‡ib Ges Rq wbwðZ K‡ib| h‡Ái GKUv mvgvwRK w`KI wQj| hÁ wQj wPËwe‡bv`‡bi GKUv Dcvq Ges Avb›`-Djøv‡mi mgq| h‡Ái c‡i cÖvq mK‡jB †mvgim cvb Ki‡Zv| Kvjµ‡g hÁ I gš¿vw` AZ¨šÍ `xN© RwUj n‡q covq c~Rv I h‡Ái Rb¨ we‡klÁ‡`i cÖ‡qvRb †`Lv †`q| Zvi d‡jB Avh© mgv‡R cy‡ivwnZ m¤úª`v‡qi D™¢e N‡U| GB h‡Ái myÎ a‡iB eªvþY cy‡ivwnZ mgv‡R ¸iyZ¡ jvf K‡i| aviYv Kiv n‡Zv †h Zuvi wKQy inm¨c~Y© I Rv`ye‡ji ¶gZv (eªþ) Av‡Q Ges GRb¨B wZwb eªvþY Ges cy‡ivwnZ| Kvjµ‡g GB aviYviI m„wó nq †h †`eZv, cy‡ivwnZ Ges AN©¨ †Kvb GK gyn‚‡Z© GK n‡q hvq|¯^vfvweKfv‡eB hÁvbyôvb cy‡ivwnZ‡`i ¶gZv e„w×i mnvqK nq, KviY Zuv‡K Qvov hÁ m¤úbœ Kiv m¤¢e wQjbv| GB hÁvbyôvb ivRviI ¶gZv e„w× NUvq| KviY, wekvj AvKv‡i m¤úvw`Z hÁvbyôv‡bi e¨qfvi wZwbB enb Ki‡Zb| Gme h‡Ái †KŠZ‚n‡jvÏxcK wKQy DcRvZI †`Lv hvq| h‡Ái ¯’v‡b wewfbœ `ª‡e¨i ¯’vc‡b wKQyUv MvwYwZK Áv‡bi cÖ‡qvRb nIqvq MwYZ m¤ú‡K© Ávb e„w× cvq | cÖvqB cïewj †`Iqv n‡Zv e‡j cï ‡`nZË¡ m¤ú‡K©I gvby‡li Áv‡bi cÖmvi N‡U|

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BDwbU--- c„ôv � 50

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evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

BwZnvm c„ôv � 51

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BDwbU--- c„ôv � 52

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BwZnvm c„ôv � 53

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Gm Gm GBP Gj

BDwbU--- c„ôv � 54

mvims‡¶c Avh©iv wLª÷c~e© 1500 A‡ãi w`‡K fviZe‡l© AvMgb K‡i| µ‡g Zviv GLv‡b M‡o †Zv‡j Avh©mf¨Zv| Avh©‡`i ag©MÖš’ †e` (c„w_exi cÖvPxbZg MÖš’) †_‡K fvi‡Z Zv‡`i RxebhvÎvi wewfbœ w`K m¤ú‡K© wKQy aviYv jvf Kiv hvq| †e` Pvifv‡M wef³Ñ FK&, mvg, hRyi Ges A_e©| F‡M¦‡`i m¤¢ve¨ iPbvKvj 1500-900 wLª÷c~e©v‡ãi g‡a¨ Ges Ab¨ wZbwU 900-600 wLª÷c~e©v‡ãi g‡a¨ iwPZ n‡q‡Q e‡j Abygvb Kiv nq| †e‡`i iPbvKv‡ji Ici wbf©i K‡i Avh©mf¨Zv‡K yfv‡M fvM Kiv nqÑ F‰M¦w`K hy‡Mi mf¨Zv Ges cieZx© ˆew`K mf¨Zv| Dfq hy‡Mi g‡a¨ mg‡qi e¨eavb wQj weavq Avh©‡`i RxebPP©vq my¯úó cv_©K¨ cwijw¶Z nq| F‡M¦‡`i hy‡M cvÄve wQj Avh©mf¨Zvi †K› ªf‚wg| Kvjµ‡g Zviv fvi‡Zi c~e©w`‡K emwZ we¯Ívi K‡i Ges ga¨‡`k Zv‡`i Kg©Kv‡Ûi †K‡› ª cwiYZ nq| Avgiv ej‡Z cvwi, F‰M¦w`K hy‡M Avh© mgvR, ag©, A_©bxwZ, ivRbxwZ µ‡g my¯úó iƒc cwiMÖnY ïiy K‡i, Z‡e cieZx© ˆew`K hy‡M Zv mymsnZ I mymsNe× n‡q I‡V|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb mwVK Dˇii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b ‰be©¨w³K cÖkœ t 1. F‡M¦‡`i iPbv Kvj wQj- (K) 323 wLª÷c~e©vã (L) 1500-900 wLª÷c~e©vã (M) 900-600 wLª÷c~e©vã (N) 1526 wLª÷vã 2. F‡M¦‡`i hy‡M mvaviYZ cÖPwjZ wQj- (K) eû weevn (L) eûcwZZ¡ (M) GKweevn (N) evj¨ weevn 3. F‡M¦‡`i hy‡M cwiev‡ii cÖavb‡K ejv n‡Zv- (K) MÖvgxY (L) cy‡ivwnZ (M) cyicwZ (N) Kzjc 4. F‡M¦` hy‡M Avh© mgvR wef³ wQj- (K) cuvPwU (L) mvZwU (M) PviwU (N) `kwU †kªYx‡Z 5. F‡M¦` hy‡M Avh© Rxeb wQj- (K) PviwU (L) QqwU (M) AvUwU (N) eviwU ch©v‡q wef³ 6. ˆew`Khy‡M K…wl‡hvM¨ f‚wg‡K ejv n‡Zv- (K) Dli (L) eb (M) De©i (N) gi“f‚wg 7. F‰M¦w`K hy‡M †kªô †`eZv wQ‡jb- (K) B›`ª (L) AwMœ (M) eiyY (N) †mvg 8. cieZx© ˆew`K hy‡M †Kvlva¨¶‡K ejv n‡Zv- (K) fvM`yM (L) ¶wÎ (M) msMÖwnÎx (N) m~Z 9. cieZx© ˆew`K hy‡M D”Pwkw¶Zv gwnjv wQ‡jb-

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

BwZnvm c„ôv � 55

(K) †jvcvgy`ªv (L) ggZv (M) Acvjv (N) MvM©x 10. cieZx© ˆew`K hy‡M †kªô †`eZv wQ‡jb- (K) iy`ª (L) B›`ª (M) eiyY (N) cÖRvcwZ msw¶ß cÖkœ t 1| F‰M¦w`K I cieZx© ˆew`K hy‡M bvixi Ae¯’vb wKiƒc wQj? 2| F‰M¦w`K hy‡M h‡Ái ¸iyZ¡ wbiƒcY Kiyb| 3| F‰M¦w`K I cieZx© ˆew`K hy‡Mi RvwZ‡f` cÖ_vi Zzjbvg~jK Av‡jvPbv Kiyb| iPbvg~jK cÖkœ t 1. F‰M¦w`K hy‡M Avh©‡`i mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK, ag©xq Ges ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’v eY©bv Kiyb| 2. cieZx© ˆew`K hy‡M Avh©‡`i mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK, ag©xq Ges ivR‰bwZK Ae¯’vi weeiY w`b| 3. cieZx© ˆew`K hy‡M Avh©‡`i mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK, ag©xq Ges ivR‰bwZK Rxe‡b Avcwb wK wK

cwieZ©b j¶ K‡ib ? mnvqK MÖš’cwÄ 1| R.C. Majumdar, History and Culture of the Indian People, Vol-1, Vedic Age. 2| R.C. Majumdar, H.C. Raychowdhury, KK Datta, An Advanced History of India.

3| V.A. Smith, The Oxford History of India. 4| cÖfvZvsï gvBZx, fviZ BwZnvm cwiµgv| 5| †ivwgjv _vcvi, fviZe‡l©i BwZnvm|

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evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

BwZnvm c„ôv � 57

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cvk¦©bv_ wQ‡jb †ebvi‡mi ivRv Ak¦‡m‡bi cyÎ| gnvex‡ii cÖvq 250 eQi Av‡M Zuvi Avwefv©e n‡qwQj| 30 eQi eq‡m wZwb M„nZ¨vMx nb Ges 84 w`b mvabvi ci mZ¨Ávb jvf K‡ib| Rxe‡bi Aewkó 70 eQi wZwb Zuvi ag©gZ cÖPvi K‡ib| Zuvi cÖavb PviwU wk¶v wQj, (1) cÖvYx nZ¨v bv Kiv (2) wg_¨v K_v bv ejv (3) Pywi bv Kiv Ges (4) m¤úwËi AwaKvix bv nIqv| †kl Zx_©¼i gnvexi Gi mv‡_ msmvix bv nIqvi wk¶v †hvM K‡iwQ‡jb|

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Gm Gm GBP Gj

BDwbU--- c„ôv � 58

Ges cÖwZ ch©v‡q Zx_©¼i Avm‡eb c_ cÖ`k©K wnmv‡e| ˆRbiv MvQcvjv, cvnvo, cv_i, b`x - me wKQy‡ZB cÖv‡Yi Aw¯ÍZ¡ Av‡Q e‡j wek¦vm K‡i| Zviv wn›`y‡`i gZ Kg©d‡j wek¦vmx| MZ Rxe‡bi Kg©dj †_‡K gyw³jvfB Zvi j¶¨| G gyw³ jv‡fi wZbwU Dcvq Av‡Q h_v - mr wek¦vm, mr Ávb Ges mr AvPiY, hv GKm‡½ wÎ-iZœ bv‡g cwiwPZ| gyw³jv‡fi Rb¨ K‡Vvi K…”Qªmva‡bi Ici Zviv AZ¨šÍ ¸iyZ¡ Av‡ivc K‡i|

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GKRb ‰Rb wf¶zi Rxeb AZ¨šÍ K‡Vvi wbq‡g Ave×| `x¶v MÖn‡Yi mgq Zviv gv_vi Pyj bv Kvwg‡q †U‡b †U‡b †Zvjv n‡Zv| AvZ¥-wbcxob gyw³jv‡fi mnvqK - G wek¦vm †_‡K ˆRbiv wb‡R‡`i Amn¨ hš¿Yv w`‡Zv| cÖLi †iv‡` N›Uvi ci N›Uv `uvwo‡q _vKv A_ev cxov`vqK fw½‡Z `xN©¶Y Ae¯’vb Kiv Zv‡`i Rb¨ wQj gyw³jv‡fi mvaviY Dcvq| Awnsmvi e¨vcv‡iI Zviv wQj Pigcš’x| †¯^”Qvq ev Awb”Qvq †Kvbfv‡eB †hb RxenZ¨v bv nq †m e¨vcv‡i Zviv AZ¨šÍ mRvM _v‡K| msmvix ev wf¶z - mevi Rb¨B gvsm f¶Y wQj wbwl×| Zviv Lye m~¶¥ e¯¿ w`‡q cvwb †Qu‡K †LZ| cv‡qi bx‡P wcó n‡q †Kvb KxUcZ½ †hb gviv bv hvq †m Rb¨ iv Ívq nuvUvi mgq ˆRb wf¶ziv iv¯Ív Svo– w`‡Z w`‡Z AMÖmi nq| Zviv AZ¨šÍ wgwn Kvco w`‡q gyL †X‡K iv‡L hv‡Z ¶z ªvwZ¶z ª RxeI bvK-gy‡L Xz‡K gviv bv hvq|

Awnsmv m¤ú‡K© GZ Pigcš’x nIqvq ˆRb‡`i c‡¶ K…wlRxex nIqv m¤¢e wQjbv| K…wlKv‡Ri Rb¨ KxUcZ½ gvi‡Z Ges AvMvQv aŸsm Ki‡Z nq| d‡j me wKQyiB cÖvY Av‡Q G wek¦v‡m GKRb ˆRbi c‡¶ K…lK nIqv Ges K‡Vvifv‡e Awnsmv cvjb Kiv KwVb| cÖvYx nZ¨vi f‡q ˆRbiv e¨emv Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb †ckv MÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ˆRb a‡g© e¨w³MZ m¤úwË m¤ú‡K© K‡Vvi wb‡lavÁv _vK‡jI †m wb‡lavÁv ïaygvÎ f‚m¤úwËi †¶‡Î cÖ‡hvR¨ Ggb e¨vL¨v Kiv n‡q‡Q| fvi‡Zi cwðg DcK‚‡ji mvgyw`ªK evwYR¨ Ges †m mv‡_ RwoZ Avw_©K †jb‡`b ˆRb‡`i GKgvÎ †ckv n‡q uvovq|

ˆRb a‡g©i Abykvmb¸‡jv cÖ_‡g †gŠwLKfv‡e cÖPwjZ wQj| P›`ª¸ß †gŠ‡h©i g„Z¨yi ci ˆRb mbœ¨vmx ¯’~jf‡ ªi AvnŸv‡b cvUwjcy‡Î AbywôZ ˆRb gnvmfvq 12wU Abykvmb wjwce× Kiv nq hvi bvg Øv`k A½| c‡i wLªw÷q 5g kZvãx‡Z Kvw_qvIqv‡oi ejfx‡Z AbywôZ gnvmfvq Av‡iv 12wU Abykvmb †hvM Kiv nq hv Øv`k Dcv½ iƒ‡c cwiwPZ| cuyw_ bKj Kiv‡K ˆRb mbœ¨vmxiv cyY¨Kg© g‡b Ki‡Zb| d‡j cwðg fvi‡Zi cÖvPxb ˆRb wenvi¸‡jv AmsL¨ y¯úªvc¨ ˆRb I A‰Rb cuyw_i fvÛv‡i cwiYZ n‡q‡Q| ga¨ hy‡M ˆRb mbœ¨vmxiv cÖvK…Z I ms¯‹…Z fvlvq eû UxKv fvl¨ iPbv K‡iwQ‡jb| ms¯‹…Z mvwn‡Z¨i †kl eo Kwe bqP›`ª wQ‡jb GKRb ˆRb mbœ¨vmx| Kvwj`v‡mi UxKvKvi wnmv‡e weL¨vZ gwjøbv_I wQ‡jb ˆRb|

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evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

BwZnvm c„ôv � 59

†gŠh© Ges ¸ßhy‡Mi ga¨eZ©x mg‡q c~‡e© Dwol¨v †_‡K cwð‡g g_yiv ch©šÍ ˆRbiv Qwo‡q c‡owQj| cieZx©Kv‡j ˆRb ag© cÖavbZ `ywU A‡j †K› ªxf‚Z n‡q c‡o| cwð‡g Kvw_qvIqvi, ¸RivU Ges ivR¯’v‡bi wKQy As‡k †k¦Zv¤^i ˆRbiv cÖvavb¨ jvf K‡i| Ab¨w`‡K `vw¶YvZ¨, gnxïi Ges nvq`ªvev‡` w`M¤i‡`i cÖvavb¨ cÖwZwôZ nq|

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BDwbU--- c„ôv � 60

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BwZnvm c„ôv � 65

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BDwbU--- c„ôv � 66

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evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

BwZnvm c„ôv � 67

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Gm Gm GBP Gj

BDwbU--- c„ôv � 68

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(N)| cvV : 3 1| (M) ; 2| (N) ; 3| (L) ; 4| (L)| cvV : 4 1| (L) ; 2| (K) ; 3| (N) ; 4| (L) ; 5| (N)|