>?/b+) )g?u ik0 $ gq#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr...

156
-100 -50 0 50 100 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 δ 393 (MHz) Shelved Population

Upload: others

Post on 19-May-2020

3 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

!" # $&% '(% )*+ ,-./!(

0,132547698:6/69;5<>=?8@191A47BDCFEHGI1A254JB547KLG94M4JECN EPOQ1AEGIECSRT2U8:VWEL69EX>2ZY

−100 −50 0 50 1000

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

δ393

(MHz)

She

lved

Pop

ulat

ion

[ \@][ ^_]

`&a 191A254Qb ` O N ELcUc54dVWV

e 8WV a GfYDg!4MGh=iHjLjLk l 4M<>VW4mELVWVW4MKL4npo CqEGhB

Page 2: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

"!#$%'&()%*#,+-./'!10213/4!5768$!9)$:;0<%-./4:=!)>?1/)*@A"+B+/&C!)%( D&@(EF%"GHGJIKL(M,G?ONGHG?(PE8,>QGJRS %"+)>H+T >QGQ!/)UWVXXY

Z\[ $,!])$:^M_>?'/a` [ $%M,>?)bc->Q%-d/B:=!)>?7@(!eMfg+/B"#h>Qe!i/4!55f"#7>QC-kj)l"Nm!ne>Q)%FG?%PGQ>Qo"#cpq(":=!c+)$%M_+)!"+-3)%rP/)$,#s+)!Rk "!#%$%k-t)% [ $%M_>?u+)!L>Q+!@(@A:v5,GH>Q+)%"#OM9Uw/B!+-d(/)/B>QPr)%m5f5,$GQ!)>QO+"G?"@A)>Qo"G?UO-d/):x% [ $M,>?yGQ(o"Gz8!8:v()!+))!M,G? +)%"GQ-G?(o"GI|!,#)%"#%("@A)>Q%Pe>?~,$%/)"+)@A",@AR T (o(/"I!G? ;:=!P%()>Q@i"GQ#,+L_/B"+!9/B!,+-.(/m-y5q5_$GQ!)>?s-./):)%8)%(/ [ $%M,>Qk+)!L)%L+)%"GQ-tGQ>Q:=>?)+)%8/)"!#%$%m(s@(>Q"@AUR

r>Q+|)%"+)>H+S#>Q+)@($+B+"+|"@B,> [ $"+|"!@Ar/)"!#%$%S(s@(>Q"@AUg!kG? :s!P%()>Q@"GH#+|M9U$+B>Q%Pv!1>Q9"+1`#%/B"+)+)>Q%PbvGH!+(/ s:vz#>?-dUs)!M,+/)5)>QW5/),G?8$%r-) [ $%M_>?G?(o"GQ+(R

0<L)%`/B>QP]3r"+!@A"b':v()%z#8)%#%/B"+)+)>Q%PmGQ!+(/y>Q+t#%()$"#L:=!]U8!:=>Q@GQ>Q%( r>H#%)+-d/):!:=>Q@=/B"+!@AW!#@A/B"!"+g!C!/)/) \ k5_%-."!)$%/Bi r,>Q@B>H+O$+"#7+)"G?"@)>?o"GQUs+)%"G?o'-./B:%F-t)% [ $%M,>?+))!"+(R "!#$%k(i@(>?"@AU=-yX]\!+Mf("iM)!>Q%"#c!!=:s!P%()>Q@L"GH#W-SgR

0<7)%h`G?"@A/B:=!P%()>Q@(!GQGQU0<#$@A"#ey/B!+5,!/B"@AU*beu0<'':v()%z#7)%v#%/)"+)+B>Q%PiGH!+(/>Q+)$%"#h!:s>Q@=/)"+)!@As!#@A/)"!"+w!1M/)!#@A%(/B"]g#!/)e+)!i>Q)%s!M,+/B5)>?5/B,G?g-./):^g-k)% [ $%M,>?FG?(o"GQ+(Rg >Q+F:v()%z#e!GQG? '+8/)"!#%$%8-) [ $%M_>?'+)!s(o"!'((/)i:=!P()>Q@L"GQ#tI% r%"aMf) [ $%M,>Qm+))!"+F!/BO#%(P"%(/B!Rr"!#%$%r(i@(>?"@AUW-X]!+ Mq("1M)!>Q%"#1!'!=:=!P%()>Q@8,"GQ#W-gR

r%(/)()>Q@(!G5/)"#>Q@A)>Q+8!#hAz5q(/4>Q:v"9)!GS/)"+)$GQ)+L!/)s@A:v5,!/B"#-d/)%= k7:v()%z#+(REF(oz>Q!)>?+-d/):>H#%"!GMf"!"oz>?$%/ #,$%8=A*5f(/B>H:v"])!Gt-d!@A/B+'!/)O#>H+)@($+)+"#tR

>

Page 3: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

>?/B+))G?UIk0 $GQ# GH>?a)! :wU "!@B%(/4+i>Q )%>? /4!5P/)$%5C:wU +B$%5f(/)o*>H+/=u/)-2RZ #%/)( *"!%i-./>Q+L"9)*$+)>Q!+)>H@=+)$%55f/)!,#P$>H#!@AI|!#-d/w:=!z>Q%P7+)$%/)s08#,>Q# P(89$,%Ps$%5CC!GQGt)%w+):s!GQG3#%()!>HGQ+ -S)%w5/)"@Aq/)-2RmEF(/)(*)!@A(U1-d/':=!z>Q%Pc+)$%/)0z%( r>Q@4=-t)%8+):=!GHG,#%()!>QGH+u0u+)%$,GQ#=P(m9$,%Pw$%5i%EF/"RuE8!"oz>Q#y$@(!+-./m+)% r>Q%Pw:v% vMf"@A:v%L '>?)c)%LA*5f(/B>H:v"](R Z GQGq-)%!Mfo-d/5/)*-./B"!#>Q%P:OUc)%"+)>H+!#+)$PP"+)>Q%Ps@A/B/)"@A)>?+(R

0g:w$,+g!GH+C),!%:wU-d"GQG? >?/B!5,55f(/B+z)!@A(U-d/v>Q+w-./B>Q"#+)>Q5tIy:=!P()>Q@"GH#@A>HGQ+(I! '0#"%$'&A "F!#o*>Q@A1!,# *@(@(!+)>Q!GmUP9$/)s!)!@)z+(z>Q:v*)h(M,+(/i!# EF/"RZ %P"G|r!:v+8-d/85f(/)-."@A)>H%Pi)g5_%>?>Q+B!)>?CGQ!#>Q%Pi-)%g/B!5!#7-d/F5_$%)>Q%PW$%5 r>Q)1:OUW:v**#,>Q%"+)+m r"a)>Q%P+m (/)" ' k/B*>QP=>QW)%OGQ!Mf+,!),! T :=w!#&C!/)(z!+B$%/B!-d/m)%">?/m%"G?5W!#c+)$%55f/)(R-*5f"@(>Q!G),!%*+m:g$+PvF/4!!:68$%"GQ@4c!,#WF(/BP&C!)%( r+k-./k)%">?/k5/B!@A)>Q@(!G_!#%o*>H@Ar!#s*$:v$/"I]!#v-d/)r/)"+-)% M,!+":="]#% k"GHG?(/B+-d/r!#%oz>Q@AO!#W/4!#%: 5,>Q"@A"+-| [ $>Q5,:v"9(R

r!%z+8!GQGS:wUC-d/B>?"#,+' '%a:=!#%=:wUC)>Q:==>Q/.'*-d/B#eo(/O)%sGH!+8)%/)(A!#z!M_>?U"!/B+k:v/)m"U!M,GQ0) KL(M,G?&7N@A/)( w+3Nm>Q@B"I T ">H#>JI:s:=!8!#)% !/B@4%(G?PU$,#%(/)P/B!#+1)5f(5,G?u '%'%"GQ5q"#$%y '%"0 m!+&eNm2*z@(>Q!G3z"@A/)()!/)UO!#4$//)"+)>Q#%"9d5,!/B)>Q@($GQ!/BGQUa&C!/) Z Mf(/B@A/):wM9UI F>Q@AG?8/)("I*)!95%:=>?)!,#C!!s!!]+)%gP$%Uz+>Qc)%K(M,G?L&7Nm61707078$VXXXi/B r>QPg@A/)( OR !%z+m!GQ+= M1!,#ar$%)c-d/Mq">H%Pw)(/)=/B":=>Q#a:vL-S%:=R Z #1i&!/BW!,# Z 9)>Q!v-d/r+)!/4>Q%Pv:OUa>Q9(/)"+ >Ha!>Q:vR

r%FGH!+m-.( U"!/B+m $GQ#c%!"o8Mf("c5f+)+)>?M,GQ r>?)%$)%8P"%(/)+B>?Ui-3:OUi-d$,#>Q%P!P"@AUI_)% Z +)+z@(>Q!)>?a-uN:=:=] "!G?)9F>?o(/4+)>?)>?"+(R

>Q,!GQG?UI%c-')>Q+ $GQ# !oaMq(" 5f+)+B>?M,G?i r>?)%$%g)%1G?o1!# +)$%5,5q/Bw-F:OU5,!/B"])+(R02-)(Uc,G?Uc$,#%(/B+)!,#W%)>QPs>QW)>Q+ )%"+)>Q+(I,0m5q>Qr>Q+)!'>?r>Q+ !GHG)!%z+=)":aR

>Q>

Page 4: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

!" #$ % !"&('" $6R 6 6L$!])$,:;02%-d/B:=!)>Qau/)z@A"+)+)>QP RRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR 6

6R 6R 6 %O68$%M,>QrRLRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR 66R 6R V 68$!9)$: Z GQP/B>?):=+ RRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR V6R 6R Y Sz5q(/4>Q:v"9)!G_/B [ $>Q/)":v"9)+ RLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR V

6R V 021y/B!5,+ RLRORRRLRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR Y6R V*R 6 .F/B>?P>Q,!GfNm>Q/B!@2pqGQG?(/ /)5f+)!Gu 61707 RRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR )6R V*R V r( xN>?/B!@2pqGQGQ(/ u/)5f+)!GuJVXXX]RLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR 6R V*R Y 68$!9)$: N NmE Z /B@B>Q"@A)$%/) RORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR *

6R Y .F*-d/B#W0213/4!5 RLRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR *6R Y*R 6 Nm!GQ@(>Q$: 3(o"G */B$,@A)$%/)hRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR

6R+) r%"+)>Q+ y!"U$%iRRRLRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR ,- . /10!2" $/3

V*R 6 E8>?z#%%y!+(/B+ RRRLRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR6(XV*R 6R 6 u/B>Q,@(>?5,G?'- .F5f(/B!)>Q RRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR6(XV*R 6R V /) [ $%"@AUWy$,>Q%PsNm!/B!@A(/4>Q+)>Q@(+'RLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR606V*R 6R Y 3!+(/rE8>?z#%EF/B! M,!@)z+RRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR606

V*R V u*(/4!G3Nm!"oz>?UWE8>?z#%%y!+(/B+RRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR6"VV*R V*R 6 3>?/) xN%,P$%/B!)>? RRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR6"YV*R V*R V F/B!">Q%Pv0<@(>Q#"@AON%P$%/4!)>? RLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR64)V*R V*R Y Z :v5_GQ>?"# *5f])!($+ :s>Q+)+)>? RLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR64)

V*R Y y!+(/!*Uz+":=+RRRLRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR6"V*R Y*R 6 Y07Y: +)"G?o*>H%PgGH!+(/hRLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR6"V*R Y*R V Y07: @A*GQ>Q%PvGQ!+)(/ RLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR6"V*R Y*R Y ,X: +)"G?o*>H%P $#%/)"+)+B>Q%PwGH!+(/wRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR617V*R Y*R+) ,): !#1,**,:/)(5,$,:v5,>Q%PGQ!+(/4+ RRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR;VX

V*R+) &C!+(/(.8+)@(>QGQGH!/ y k(/ Z :v5,GQ>?,(/ RLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR;VXV*R+)%R 6 &!+(/!3!+(/^RRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR;VXV*R+)%R V zGQ!"o%y!+(/ RRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR;VY

>Q>Q>

Page 5: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

>?o

. / '2 0 (## " -Y*R 6 y!+(/ /B [ $%",@AU z)!M,>QGQ>Q+B!)>?^RRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR;VY*R V Nm]/)G3 %(/)URRLRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR;V*

Y*R V*R 6 3/B!,+-.(/ $@A)>?+ RRLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR;VY*R V*R V 3/B!,+-.(/ $@A)>?a- ("#M,!@) '( /) RLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR;V,Y*R V*R Y z>?P>?_@(!@A8- '( /)1y/B!+-d(/ $,@A)>?RORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR;YX

Y*R Y .85)>Q@(!G (-d(/)"@ANm!"oz>?)>?"+sRRLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR;YXY*R Y*R 6 (-d(/)"@AgNm!o*>QUa|!/B!:v((/B+ RORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR;Y 6Y*R Y*R V .F5)>Q@(!Gr(-.(/)",@AgNm!"oz>?UWy/B!+)-.(/ $,@A)>? RRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR;Y 6Y*R Y*R Y T :vw:=!#% (-d(/)"@ANm!"oz>?)>?"+RRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR;YVY*R Y*R+) ' (-d(/)"@ANm!"oz>?)>?"+RRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR;Y)

Y*R+) %>Q#%8- /B>Q%P%3*@B*>QP RLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR;YY*R $,#zEF/)(o(/ T !GQG tz@)z>Q%P RLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR;Y*

Y*R *R 6 Sz5q(/4>Q:v"9)!Gz()$%5 RLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR;Y,Y*R * z5,!)>Q!Gf0<](/)-d(/)"@Ac >QG?4tz@)z>Q%P RLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR )]V

Y*R **R 6 Sz5q(/4>Q:v"9)!Gz()$%5 RLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR )]Y " &' " )%R 6 0<9/)*#,$@A)>?1RORRRLRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR ) *

)%R 6R 6 *GQ$%)>?c-|)%O&C!+(/8 [ $!)>? RLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR )9)%R V k 3(o"G *Uz+": RRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR ) ,

)%R V*R 6 029(/B!@A)>? T !:=>QGQ>Q!^RRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR ) ,)%R V*R V E'"@A(/)"@A .85q(/4!/B+ RRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR ) 7)%R V*R Y .F5)>Q@(!GmG?z@B1 [ $,!)>?+RRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR ) 7)%R V*R+) *"!#%U *)!O5,$GQ!)>Q RRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR;X)%R V*R r!M,> /B [ $%",@AUW!,# z!)$%/B!)>QW029"+)>?U RORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR;X

)%R Y r%/)(%t(o"G *U*+)": RRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR; 6)%R Y*R 6 029(/B!@A)>? T !:=>QGQ>Q!^RRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR; 6)%R Y*R V E'"@A(/)"@A .85q(/4!/B+ RRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR;V)%R Y*R Y E'/B"+)+"# *)!"+r-S %/)(%3(o"G *Uz+": RRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR;V

)%R+) &C$G?)>HG?(o"G *U*+)":RLRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR;)%R+)%R 6 029(/B!@A)>?&C!/B> 1kG?":v"9)+kRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR;,)%R+)%R V E'"@A(/)"@A .85q(/4!/B+ RRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR *X)%R+)%R Y &!+(/F [ $!)>? RORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR * 6

"! / -*R 6 E8!/)W "+)!@Awu*5f(/B>H:v"]kRLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR *V

*R 6R 6 Sz5q(/4>Q:v"9)!Gz()$%5 RLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR *V*R 6R V T "!)>QP=Sf"@A)+'>Qar"# 3!+)(/!z@(!+iRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR *Y*R 6R Y Sf"@A)+ -#"u!/)U*>H%PsGQ!/B>Q+B!)>? RRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR *)*R 6R+) Sf"@A)+ -#"u!/)U*>H%PcN:v5f"+B!)>?^RLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR ***R 6R Sz5q(/4>Q:v"9)!GNm@(GQ$+)>Q+RRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR **

% 0 "$ / ' %**R 6 kG?"@A/) %%"G?oz>Q%PhRLRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR *,**R V T >?P >?"GQ#ar"!#%$%'&()%z# RLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR *07

**R V*R 6 Sz5q(/4>Q:v"9)!Gqr"+)$G?)+ RRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR V**R Y '!M,>'&q$,GQ+ RRRLRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR *

Page 6: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

o

**R+) z)>Q:w$,GQ!"#ar!:=! Z #>H!M,!)>Q@L|!+)+)!PW z0< Z RORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR **R+)%R 6 '$:=(/B>Q@(!Gf0<](P/B!)>Q1-S&!+(/8 [ $!)>? RORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR 7**R+)%R V z0< Z "!#%$ RRLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR ,X

! ' %-9R 6 /B>QP] r"+!@Aw&()%z# RRLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR ,V9R V /B>QP] r"+!@A %%"G?oz>Q%PSz5q(/4>Q:v"9RRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR 7Y

9R V*R 6 Sz5q(/4>Q:v"9)!Gz()$%5 RLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR 7Y9R V*R V z%"G?oz>Q%P * [ $%"@A >Q:s>Q%PRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR 79R V*R Y Nm!/B!@A(/B>H+)!)>?W-SSz5f(/B>Q:v"9)!G|!/B!:v((/B+ RLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR 7*9R V*R+) Sz5q(/4>Q:v"9)!Gq/)z@A"#$%/) RRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR 7,9R V*R "+)$GQ)+ RRLRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR 7079R V*R * Sz5q(/4>Q:v"9)!GNm@(GQ$+)>Q+RRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR6(X]

% % ' $/3,*R 6 02 %%"G?oz>Q%Pv&1()%z# RLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR6(X87

,*R 6R 6 N:v5,!/B>H+c r>?)a/B>?P9r "+)!@AOr"!#%$% RLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR606(X,*R 6R V %(/)()>Q@(!GN@(GQ$+B>?+RRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR6064)

,*R V 02 %%"G?oz>Q%PSz5q(/4>Q:v"9 RRLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR606",*R V*R 6 Sz5q(/4>Q:v"9)!Gz()$%5 RLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR606",*R V*R V Sz5q(/4>Q:v"9)!Gq/)z@A"#$%/) RRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR606",*R V*R Y Sf"@A - Z z ! ,): RRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR606 *,*R V*R+) E'()$,>Q%P- ,X: GH!+(/=RRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR606,*R V*R t"%P)a-|+)%"GQo*>QPg5_$GQ+ RRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR606 ,,*R V*R * 3!+(/ 5fGQ!/4>Q+)!)>?c5,$%/4>?UWRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR606 ,,*R V*R EF>H+)@($+)+)>QRLRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR6"VX

#'" ! $- - 0&# 2 " $- / & ! $- " &' " & $-

NFR 6 uz!:=5,G?85,!/B!:v((/',G? RORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR6"V07NFR V 8"%(/B!O#%",+)>?UW:=!/B>?c(oGQ$)>?a5f(/B!/ RRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR6"YXNFR Y %@(!1:vz#%"Gf5,!/B!:v((/4+ RORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR6"YNFR+) kG?-$@A)>? RRRLRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRRLRORRLRRRLRRORRLRRRLRR64) 6

Page 7: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

!"#%$'&()*+$-,.&/$103254646+78 #(o"G?5,:v"9L-k@(GQ!+B+)>Q@(!GS@A:v5,$(/B+L!+85/)P/B"+)+"#eM*U/)"#$,@(>Q%Pc)%v+)>?(v-)=@A:5f%"95,!/B)+k-)F@A:v5_$%(/>H=/B#%(/v>Q@A/)"!+)r)%'P!+ r>?)@4>Q%PO+)5q("#i!#c9$:wMf(/-G?P>H@(!G_P!"+ )!@(!W5q(/4!8!,@AR %8G?P>Q@(!Gq5/)P/B"+)+)>?i-3)>H+/)",#c>H+!@A:v5_$%(/)!8$+"+F>Q#,>?o*>H#$!G [ $!9)$: 5,!/))>Q@(GQ"+r!+')%w+ '>?)@B>H%P="G?":v"9)+(Iq-./FA%!:v5,G?g>Q#>?oz>Q#$,!G!:=+"Ru02s)>Q+/)(P>Q:v')%rMf"!o*>?$/-)%F-d$,#!:v"9)!G,G?P>H@ "G?":v"9)+>Q+%m#%"+)@A/4>?Mf"#vM9U@(GQ!+B+)>Q@(!G_"G?"@A/)>Q@r)%(/)U=/m@(GQ!+)+B>Q@(!G_>H%-./4:=!)>?v5/B*@A"+)+B>Q%P)%(/BUs!+ [ $!9)$:\:v"@B!,> @(!G%Af"@A)+uMf"@A:v >H:v5f/))!](R0<+"!#I]( 5,]Uz+)>Q@(!Gz#%"+B@A/B>?5)>?,+y-f>Q%-d/B:=!)>Qw5,/)*@A"+B+)>Q%P:g$+ MfO#(o"G?5f"#I,>JR Rk)%O"GH#+m- [ $!9)$: >Q%-d/B:=!)>?a!# [ $,!])$: @A:v5,$%)!)>?tRk0<5/4>Q@(>?5,GQ')%w$+- [ $!])$,:>Q%-d/B:=!)>?!GQG? '+ !@(@A"+)+Fs@A:v5,$)!)>?!G3!GQP/B>?):=+ )!!/)F>Q!@(@A"+)+B>?M,G?mw@(GH!+)+)>Q@(!G>H%-./4:=!)>?I-d/A%!:v5,G?r5qGQU*%:s>Q!G )>Q:vm>Q9(P(/-!@A/B>Q+)!)>Q!#1-d!+'+"!/B@B,>Q%P:9 6<;R=/>?=/>@= ACBEDGF:HEIKJML '-$#!:="])!Gq"G?":v"9m- [ $!9)$:;>Q%-d/B:=!)>?c>Q+)%W` [ $!9)$:;M,>Q)bO/=` [ $%M,>?)bw r>H@B>Q+!G?P>Q@(!Gz kg+)! [ $!9)$: +Uz+":aRS >H+SG?P>Q@(!G% kO+))!'+Uz+"::s!"Uv@A+)>Q+)S-f!LGH!/)P*$:wMq(/k-5,9U*+)>H@(!G [ $!])$,:+Uz+":=+(Iz!+m>Q+u)'@(!+F-./A%!:v5,G?r>H F$@(G?"!/&!P%()>H@'r"+<!,@As F&CFk/+GQ>H#i+)! [ $!9)$:;@A:v5,$)>Q%PN9 6O;R %8#>Q+)>H@A)>?iMq( k("W)8GQP>Q@(!G!#c5,9Uz+)>Q@(!G [ $!9)$:+Uz+":=+m>Q+)!)%8(oGQ$%)>?i-3)%8G?P>Q@(!G [ $!9)$:\+)U*+": @(!cMf@A%(/B"])G?UW@A9/)GQG?"#aM*Uc)%LA*5f(/B>H:v"](/M*UW!G?(/B!)>?a-)%:=!@A/B+)@A5,>Q@85,!/4!:v((/B+-)%wGQ!/)P(/ 5,9Uz+)>Q@(!G [ $!])$,:+Uz+":aR

r% [ $%M_>?k+)!"+r!/)$+)$!GHG?UvGQ!Mf"GQG?"#QP XSR!,#TP'6URI%>QW!!G?PUsv)8+))!"+-y!@(GQ!+)+B>Q@(!GM,>Qk->Q%-d/B:=!)>?V9 VW;R / %)!)>Q!G@A]o",>?"@AI@(GQ!+)+B>Q@(!GqM,>?)+!/)L%"@A(-d/))W/)(-d(/)/)"#c!+1`<M_>?)+)bzI r>HGQ+ [ $!9)$:^M,>Q)+F!/Bv/)(-.(/B"#e1!+1` [ $M,>?)+)bzR Z @AGQGQ"@A)>?e-*X M,>?)+8@(!hMf>Q!]Ua%w-uVZY 5f+)+B>?M,G?L+)!"+8!'!sP>?o":=:v"]'-S)>Q:vRm >Q+r@(!MfL/)(P!/B#"#C!+r)%@AGQGQ"@A)>?=-/X M,>?)+u!@(@A"+B+)>Q%Pg!+5,!@A')!k>Q+!wNm!/)"+)>H!=5/)z#$@AS-f)%rM,>?)+(R /Az!:=5,G?I-d/ )%/)(OM,>?)+m)%O!GHG? "#1+)!"+F!/)

XXX\[)XX 6][)X 6(X\[)X 686][16"XX^[16"X 6_[1606"X\[ 60686]`0<e@A]/B!+)(Iy!W@AGQG?"@A)>?e-*X [ $%M,>?)+F@(!hMf>Qe!c+))!v r>?)e!:v5,GQ>Q)$#%w>HC!GQG5f+)+)>QM,G?gVZY+)!"+F! @AI_>JR Ru)%L m!"o(-$9)>?1-|)%O@AGHG?"@A)>?a-aX M_>?)+ >Q+P bcR5de l P XXXSRgfhe"ijP XX 6URgfkemlEP X 6(XSRgfkeon3P X 606URpfke j P'6(XXSRpfkeoqEP'6(X 6URpfkeorEP'606(XSRpfeos3P 60606UR

6

Page 8: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

V

r(/)W)%1!:v5,GQ>Q)$#%"+e8!/)1@A:v5_G?A>QP"%(/4!GJR 02 P"%(/4!G)>Q++)$%5f(/)5f+)>Q)>?+)!C>Q+"9)!%PG?"#Iz>JR RS>?@(!%Mf /B"#$@A"#s>H]O!O-./4: )!m>Q+S)%'$%(/5/)z#$@AS-)%F>Q#>?oz>Q#$,!G[ $%M,>?+)!"+"R=/>?=/> F:HgLZH ! #"SJML_B%$

W!M_>QGQ>?Uh k/B r>?)"9)!%PG?"# [ $!9)$: +)$%5f(/)5f+)>?)>Q+)!"+=>H+w)a(U!#%o!9)!P- [ $!9)$:>Q%-d/B:=!)>?5/)z@A"+)+)>H%Po(/=@(GQ!+)+)>Q@(!Gm>Q-./B:s!)>?5/B*@A"+)+B>Q%P%Re %W!>Q:-r!@(GQ!+B+)>Q@(!Gt>Q-./B:s!)>?W5/)z@A"+)+)>QP=!G?P/)): >Q+=)!+:vO>H%5,$%+)!I_/)(5/)"+"9"#1M*Ua!XM,>?m/)(P>Q+)(/"I%!#c5q(/B-./B:;G?P>H@(!G_5f(/B!)>Q+m5/)z#$@A8!W$%5,$%+)!I/B(5/)"+"9"#WM9U!'& M,>?/B(P>Q+(/"R

&+ [ $!9)$: >Q%-d/B:=!)>Q 5,/)*@A"+B+)>Q%P !G?P/B>Q):=+c k/B M*U+))!/))>Q%P r>?) )e>H%5,$%/)(P>H+(/>H=!O+)!F)!>Q+!w+)$%5f(/)5f+)>?)>?g-t!GQG,5f+)+)>?M,GQm>H%5,$%u+)!"+"I*+w)!)%r!G?P/B>Q):>Q+c>Q !+"+)C@(!/)/B>Q"#$%i-./W!GQGr5q+B+)>?M,G?1>H%5,$%)+=!c@Ae!#%"@A)C$%5_$%s/)(P>H+(/@A9)!>Q+m!+)$%5f(/)5f+)>?)>Q-y!GQG_5f+)+)>?M,GQ$%5,$%)+(R T (o(/"I>?m>Q+%5q+B+)>?M,G?r:="!+)$%/)8!GQG-)%c!:v5,GQ>Q)$#%"+8-)%i$%5,$% [ $!9)$: +))!c!#+,G?UCs-)%i5q+B+)>?M,G?$%5_$%)+>Q+sM,+(/)o"# r" )%C$%5,$%i/)(P>Q+(/W>Q+s:="!+)$%/)"# !i)%C"# -L)%C@A:v5_$%)!)>?R U:=!z>Q%PC$+=- [ $!9)$: >Q9(/)-d(/)"@Ai-)i+)$%5f(/)5f+)>Q)>?e+)!"+g r>?)>Qe)i@A:v5,$)!)>?>?g>Q+w5q+B+)>?M,G?ve5/B*#$,@As!C@(GH!+)+)>Q@(!G8>JR RCz+)$%5f(/)5f+)>?)>Q_'$%5,$%g+)!W)!g/)(o"!GQ+!PG?M_!G5/)5f(/)Ui-)%-$@A)>?WMf">QP@A:=5,$%"#I+)$,@B1!+r)%L5f(/B>?z#i-|)%O-d$,@A)>?R=/>?=/>( )+*-, D."SJ/ D.gL0"_D.1aHKJ"_D. D.gL2$0</B#(/w-d/g! [ $,!])$: @A:v5,$%(/g7Mqs/)"!GQ>Q+"#M9U!P>?o"5,]Uz+)>Q@(!G+U*+)": )(/)i!/)c!*$:wMq(/-|/) [ $>?/B":v"])+m),! )%O+Uz+"::g$+':v(((I,!+r+B$:=:=!/B>H+"#cM9UWE8> "F>H@A"%(:9 Y ;R6R Z +B@(!GQ!M,G?L5,9Uz+)>Q@(!G+Uz+": r>Q)W k"GQG3@B!/B!@A(/4>Q+"# [ $%M,>Q)+(RV*R' %a!M,>QGQ>QU>Q,>?)>Q!GQ>Q+)v)%1+)!a-r) [ $%M_>?)+O!h+B>Q:v5,G?i,#$@(>H!Gk+)!I+)$@4 !+P XXXc` ` ` RR

Y*R t%P=/B"G?(o!9r#%"@A(/)"@A)>Q:="+(I:w$,@BGQ%P(/ )!a)LP!O5f(/B!)>?a)>H:vR)%R Z `$,>?o(/B+)!GHbg+)( - [ $!9)$: P!"+"R*R Zx[ $%M,>Q<+5f"@(>?,@F:v"!+)$%/)":="]r@(!5_!M,>QGQ>?URZ 5_!/))>Q@($GQ!/4G?UC5,/):=>Q+)>H%PW5/)5f+)!GS-d/w)s/)"!GQ>H+)!)>?h- ! [ $!9)$:>Q%-d/B:=!)>?5/)

@A"+)+)/w>Q+L)s$+v-m/B!55f"#>Q+8C+/B [ $,!])$: >Q%-d/B:=!)>?G9 )I3];Iy#>Q+B@($+)+"#h>Qh:=/)#%()!>HGt>Q9*"@A)>? 6R V*R

r% /B+)S/) [ $,>?/)":v"9(I]!+)@(!GH!M,G? 5,9Uz+)>Q@(!G%+Uz+": '>?) k"GHG@B!/4!@A(/B>Q+"# [ $M,>?)+(I>Q+:v(M*Uw$+B>Q%P'GQ%PGQ>?o"#g>Q9(/B!Gz+)!"+|-,)/4!55f"#w>?,+yL!@Au!+|)% [ $%M,>?+)!"+(R z@(!GQ!M_>QGQ>?U-f)% +Uz+":DwGQ!/)Pr*$:wMq(/4+y- [ $%M,>?)+|@(!sMq!@(@A:v5_GQ>Q+)%"#M*U$+-!a` [ $,!])$:N NmE8b!/B@4>?"@A)$%/BI_#>Q+B@($+)+"#W>Q9*"@A)>Q/6R V*R Y*R

r% +"@A#s/) [ $,>?/)":v"9(I+)!'>H>?)>Q!GQ>H+)!)>?I>Q+S:v(uM*U$+-f5)>Q@(!G%5_$:v5,>QPr/B!,+<-d(/1)%>?,>Q@5f5,$,GQ!)>? ! +5f"@(>?,@7>Q9(/B!GL+)!R.85)>Q@(!G85,$:=5,>Q%P>Q+a#>Q+)@($,+)+"# >Q*"@A)>Q )%R Y*R Y*R 6Ra A>Q>Q)>Q!GQ>Q+)!)>Q-m)%=+)!i-! [ $%M_>?L#$%/B>QPi)%i@A$%/B+=-m! [ $!9)$:@A:v5_$%)!)>?7@(!MfO$+)"#1i@A/B/)"@A'-d/F)%Af"@AF-u#"@A%(/)"@Aw)%g+Uz+":aR %w$+-u5,)>Q@(!G5,$:v5,>H%Pv-./8)>H+r5,$/)5f+O!+8!e>Q9)$>?)>?og>Q](/B5/)()!)>?)>H%5,$%rGH!+(/F+))!>Q+'>Q>?)>H!GQG?Us!i+)>Q%PG?w:v*#O@A%(/)"9F+))!I_ r,>QGQ+)%g>Q9(/B!Gt+)!g-S)% [ $!9)$: 5/)z@A"+<+/L>Q+8%8>Q7!c5,$%/)g+)!=#$%gW)%wAf"@AL-#%"@A(/)"@AROE8$%/B>H%Ps)%5/B*@A"+)+'-5,)>Q@(!G

Page 9: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

Y

5,$,:v5,>Q%Psc/B">Q>?)>Q!GH>Q+O+:=g-)%v>Q](/4!Gy+))!"+L-)%>?+8>QC)% [ $!])$,: 5,/)*@A"+B+/"I5,+!/)s+B@(!(/)"#$%O-k)%i>Q])>H!Gy5_$%/)v+)>Q%PGQ:=*#%=+))!s-)%=/B!#>H!)>?e"GQ#e>Q9)%c>Q>?)>H!GQG?U$*@(@($%5_>?"#eo!@($,$: +)!"+g-)%i5,%"GQ#RW >Q+O@(!Mf=/)(P!/B#"#!+g!>Q,>?)>Q!GQG?U`@AGQ#,b GQ "9/)59U [ $!])$,: +U*+)":aIu)%a>Q%5_$%wGQ>QP]"GQ#tI|>H](/B!@A)>H%Pe r>?) !`%)b ,>?P"9/)5*U% [ $!9)$:+U*+)":aIS)%W>Q](/4!Gk+))!a-r! >? >Q)%W5/B*@A"+)+)/"IS5/B*#$,@A8!s@A9G?"#>?>Q@ [ $!9)$:+Uz+":!#!=%"!"#a5,>Q@ [ $!])$,:+Uz+":aR

r%w),>?/B#a/) [ $>?/B":v"](IfG?%Pc#%"@A%(/)",@Ag)>H:v"+'@A:=5,!/)"#7i)wP!)>Q:vI>Q+':v(8M9U$+B>Q%PiGQ%PcGH>?o"#C>H](/B,!Gy+)!"+-u)%/B!55f"#7>?+F!+8)%g:="!+F-k+/B>H%Ps)% [ $!9)$:>Q-./B:s!)>?Ryr%k+)>H%PG? [ $%M,>?3P!)>H:v"+y!/Bk-%)%/B#%(/-,!+"@A#+yL:=>Q@A/)+"@A,#+(I r,>QG?F)%wpq(":=!a+)$M,G?(o"GQ+m-y)%LP/)$#a+))!- j)l Nm! n ,!"oO!v#%"@A(/)"@AL)>Q:vGH>Q:=>?"#>Qi5/B>H@(>?5,G?mM*U=+5f])!($+m#%"@(!"Ui-)%F$55f(/mpq(":=!W+)!8-t+(o(/4!G_U"!/4+(Ru0<s5/4!@A)>Q@AIAz5f(/B>Q:v"9)!GF-d!@A/B++)$@B!+:=!P%()>Q@7"GQ#~,$,@A)$!)>?+W/1GQ!+)(/1>Q+)!M,>HGQ>?)>?"+=GH>Q:=>?i)%#%"@A(/)"@Ag)>Q:vOW-S)%g/B#%(/'-+"@A#,+r/8:=>Q*$%"+(Iq r>Q@4+)>HGQGt!GQG? r+ -)%O/B#(/'-6(X r +)>QPG? [ $%M,>QFG?P>H@O5f(/B!)>?,+'aMfg5f(/)-./4:v"#7Mq(-d/)#%"@A%(/)",@A=+()+>QR T "!)>Q%PW-)%w:v)>?!G+)!w-|)%>?a+/B>H%P=+()+ !=+)/B>Q@A(/rGQ>H:=>?1)%*$:wMq(/- [ $%M,>? P!"+)!'@(!1MfL5f(/)-./4:v"#I%% (o(/r5,/)5f+)!GQ+mA%>Q+s:=>H>Q:=>Q+)')>H+m5/)M,G?": 9 ];R

r%i-d$%/))/) [ $>?/B":v"](Iu! `$,>?o(/B+)!GQb7+(- [ $!9)$:P!"+(Im>Q+w:=(>Q-r>?>Q+g5q+B+)>?M,G?15f(/)-d/B: !aP"(/B!G [ $%M,>?8/))!)>?!aP>?o" [ $%M_>?L!#h!GQ+15f(/)-d/B: !W k [ $%M,>?OP!Mf( ("7!]UW5,!>?/r- [ $%M,>Q)+(Ru %+)>H%PG?A [ $%M,>?mP!"+F@(!1Mf5f(/)-d/B:v"#WM*UW#/B>?oz>Q%Pg/)"+!95)>H@(!Gt/B!+B>?)>?+mMf( ("C)% [ $%M,>? +)!"+"I,">?)%(/F#>?/)"@A)GQUs/roz>Q!=!sr!:=!5/)z@A"+)+(I,!+'>Q+#>H+)@($+)+"#s>QcNm,!5(/ )%Ru [ $%M,>?uP!"+m@(!iMfr5f(/)-d/B:v"#vM*U=@A$%5,GQ>H%PL)%':=)>?!G,+))!-|)%+/4>Q%Pv-|>?+ >QW)>?a/B!51s)%O>Q9(/B!G+)!O-)O>?+19 )I,];R

r%u,!G/B [ $>Q/)":v"9(I! [ $%M,>?<+)5q"@(>Q,@|:v"!+)$%/)":="]3@(!5_!M,>QGQ>?UI>Q+t/)"!GQ>Q+"#O>QL!O>?/B!5[ $!9)$: >Q%-d/B:=!)>?75/B*@A"+)+)/M9U7$+v-m!a@AU*@(GH>Q%PW/B!+)>Q)>?9+* ;u/O!e"G?"@A/)+)%"G?oz>Q%P"@4> [ $% 9 W;RkG?"@A/)+)%"GQo*>QP "@B,> [ $"+y!/)m#>Q+B@($+)+"#w>QN!5(/B+(* ,*R /S)%m@(!+m-,![ $%M,>?y@A+)>Q+)>H%P-%)%mpf(":=!w+B$%M,G?(o"GQ+t-%)%P/)$,#O+)!-%j)lNm!n7%( "G?"@A/)g+)%"G?oz>Q%P"@4> [ $%"+!oi!#1Mf#(o"G?5f"#!+)%v"(/)PUh+5,GQ>?)>H%PiMf( k(")% [ $%M,>?L+)!"+w>Q++):s!GQG?(/)!a)O!)$%/B!GGH>Q%( r>Q#)s-|)%LA%@(>?"#+))!w$+"#Ws/B!+-d(/ )%5f5,$,GQ!)>?c)%i+)%"G?-G?(o"G9+, ;Rv0<h5,!/))>Q@($,GQ!/"I"@B,> [ $%"+!o=Mf("h#%(o"G?5f"#ho(/w)%s@A$%/4+v-m)>Q+5/B<"@A$+ [ $!])$,:@A(/)"@AWAq"@A)+=+"G?"@A)>?o"G?U/B!+-d(/5q5_$GQ!)>?-./):%W-)% [ $M,>? +)!"+Fs)w+)%"GQ-G?(o"G!'GQ /F((/)c!55,GQ>?"#:=!P%()>Q@O"GQ#I,!+'>Q+r#,>Q+)@($+)+)"#1>QNm,!5(/F!#7Nm!5(/ ,*R

!^$:&/4.8O-S)%g:=!>Q1M_+)!@(G?"+'-./F)%w>H:v5,G?":v"9)!)>?a-u! [ $,!])$: >Q%-d/B:=!)>Qa5/)z@A"+)+/F>Q+#%"@A(/)"@A-|)% [ $!9)$:>Q%-d/B:=!)>Qa#$%8s>Q9(/B!@A)>?aMf( k(")% [ $!])$,: +U*+)":!#)%c"]oz>?/),:v"](RC3e:=>Q>H:=>Q+v)>H+5/)M_G?":aI|>?w>Q+w#%"+)>?/4!M,G?=e$+c!Az5f(/B>Q:v"9)!G+Uz+":)!v>Q+GQ!/BP"G?U#%"@A$%5_G?"#-d/):)%c"9o*>?/B:v"9(R Z )%a+)!:vW)>Q:vIu)cAz5f(/B> :v"9(/k("#+SMf !M,G?g@A]/BG%)% (oGQ$)>?v-f)% [ $!])$,: +Uz+":$+B>Q%PL:=!@A/)+)@A5_>Q@Az5f(/B>Q:v"9)!Gf [ $,>?5,:v"9(R

Z iA*5f(/B>Q:="])!G_+U*+)":)!m:v(()+)%"+F +(":=>Q%PGQU@A9/B!#>H@A/)U=/) [ $>?/)":="])+k>Q+)%$+w-u!C>Q/B!57-d/')%:=!>Q5,$GQ!)>?W-)% [ $!9)$: +)U*+":1Rr0<1)>Q+r5/)5f+)!G3)%[ $!9)$:>Q-./B:s!)>?v>Q+u+/B"#s>Q=GQ%PGQ>?o"#=>H](/B,!G%+)!"+-q) /B!55f"#=>?tI-./kAz!:=5,G?#>?q(/)"99U95f(/),N9+*];/pq(":s! 9+, ;kG?(o"GH+L-m)%=P/)$,#h+)!I|/O)%vP/)$,#+)!c!#!:v()!+)!M,G?CAz@(>Q"# +)!9 U;R %GH>?-.()>H:va-L)%+)!"+c r>Q) /)"+5f"@As+5f])!($+":=>H+)+)>?>Q+SG?P8@A:=5,!/)"#v))>Q:vm/) [ $>?/)"#g5f(/)-d/B:+)>Q%PGQ [ $%M,>QyP!"+(I*%"@A !GQ:=+"GQ>H:=>Q!)>QPe#"@A%(/)"@A7#$%a+)5q9)!%($+i#%"@(!"UR z>H:=>QGQ!/BGQUIu)%>Q+)GQ!)>? -8)%>Q+

Page 10: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

)

-d/): )%(/i5_!/))>Q@(G?"+s"GQ>Q:=>Q,!"+s:=!9U @B!,%"GQ+=M*U r>H@B )C>? @(!>H](/B!@Ac r>?) )%"9o*>Q/):v"9(I@A:v5,!/)"#s+GQ>H#a+)!g6N >H:v5,G?":v"9)!)>?+"R

Z @A:s:vG?Uh$+"#U*5qi->?/B!5-./ [ $,!])$: >Q%-d/B:=!)>?5/)z@A"+)+)>Q%P1>H+L)%iGH>Q%"!/|!$G/B!5tIf r,>Q@B7@A%,%"+8!cGQ>Q%"!/8>?e@A/)Uz+)!GW)%g!%>Q+F-u)%/B!53R Z GQ>Q%"!/8|!$G/B!5>Q+O!a#%(o*>H@A=)!O@A%_%"+>?+8C!1+):=!GQG|/B(P>?h-m+5,!@A=M*U7@A/B"!)>Q%P!a)/)(A#>Q:v",+)>?!G[ $!#%/B$5qGQL5q"9)>Q!Gy r>?)C!s*$GQG3!GQ%Ps)%g!z>H+r-S)%g/B!5e$+)>QPs!=/B!#,>?-./B [ $%",@AU "G?"@A/B:=!P%()>Q@e"GH#9 7W;R 7 "GQ#>Q+c@A/)"!"#M*U!55,GQU*>QP!oGQ)!Ph"GQ"@A/)*#"+5,!/4!GQG?"G%w)%r/B!5c#>?/)"@A)>QRy02+!/)r5,/)(o"]"#i-d/): "+)@(!5_>Q%P$%k-)% "#,+u-)%'/B!5M*Uc$,+-|ELN "G?"@A/)z#%"+r! )"#+m-|)%L/B!53R=/> a>@= "SJpJ J"2 ! D " "2 #, $ = 0<c)%'/4>?P>Q!GNm>?/B!@2pfGQG?(/5,/)5f+)!Gj9 )_;f+)>H%PG? [ $%M,>QP!"+ !/)L!@(@A:v5_GQ>Q+)%"#iM*Us!##%/)"+B+)>Q%P"!@4>Qh r>?)!C#> f(/)"9OGQ!+(/wMq"!:1I>Q/B#%(/e#%/B>?o=@A(/)"]g/B!+B>?)>?+8Mf( (")%>Q9(/B!Gf>?,>Q@ [ $%M,>Q+)!"+'>Q#%(5f"#"])G?U-d/"!@B1>QRu %8 [ $%M,>?mP!O@A+B>Q#%(/)"#c m!+)% [ $!9)$: @A9/)GQGQ"#z%uP!vN (.8'4I r,>Q@Bv>Q+>Q:v5,G?":="]"#M*UAz@(>?)>H%PL)%r@AGQGQ"@A)>?o[ $!9)>Q+"#1:v)>Qa-y)O+/B>QPg-S>?,+$+)>Q%PvGQ!+)(/B+(R

0<>?)>H!GQG?UI)% +/4>Q%PL-/X >Q+u>Q+S@A*G?"#=O)% P/)$,#v+)!r-!GQG%) :v*#"+S-fo*>?M,/B!)>?-y)%+/B>QPcJY]X:v*#"+44Ru %8P/)$,#c!,#i,/B+Az@(>?"#a+))!"+ -3)8@A"9/)L-:=!+)+:vz#%!/)L)"c$,+"#W!+ !e`<M,$+)b [ $%M,>?kv5q(/B-./B:\ [ $%M,>?mP!"+ Mf( k("W)%>Q+(I*M9Uc+ !5,5,>Q%P)%i/B+w>? + [ $!9)$: +)!c>H]C)%i:v)>Q!G:vz#%c!#)%""9)!%PGQ>Q%P)%i:v)>Q!G:vz#% r>Q))% +"@A#i>?R '+-f)% :=)>?!G:vz#% !+S) M,$+ [ $%M,>?P>?o"+/B>Q+mO!%)(/+$/B@A8-3#%"@A%(/)",@AL-./m)%L+Uz+":aI%!+m%"!)>Q%Pv@(!W@(!$+8)%L:vz#%F(oG?oLv!g,>?P%(/z@(@($%5,!)>? 9$,:OMf(/"Ik5/)(o"9)>Q%Ph)%:=)>?!G :vz#%a-d/): Mf">Q%Ph$+)"# !+s!GQP>Q@(!G [ $%M,>?(R ,>Q+L%"!)>Q%PC@(!Mfv5/)(o"9"#M9Ue5)>Q:s>Q+)>Q%Pc)%i/B!55,!/4!:v((/B+(I|$+)>QP [ $!9)$: (/B/)/@A/)/B"@A)>?e/$+)>QPc+Uz:v5,!)()>Q@w@A*GQ>QPi-k)%v>?e+/B>Q%PcM*UC!h>?7-k!)%(/+5f"@(>?"+F@A*Gt)%LM_$+ [ $M,>?:vz#%R

r%s,,!Gu/)"!#%$w- )c>Q9(/B!Gk>?>Q@s+)!a@(!Mfc!@(@A:v5,GQ>Q+B%"# r>Q)@(G?+ce$>?(s@(>Q"@AUa$+)>Q%P"@4> [ $%"+ +)$,@B!+ "G?"@A/)+B%"G?oz>Q%P 9+,zIqU;3/F!=@AUz@(GQ>Q%P/B!+B>?)>?T9+*W;R %/)"!#$%3+)@4%":v-d/3) .'z-./B#O>?L/B!5wA*5f(/B>Q:="]t>Q+3#>Q+)@($+B+"#L>Q:v/B#%()!>QG>HwNm!5(/4+*!#7g-y),>Q+)%"+)>H+(R

r%L/B>?P>Q,!G3Nm>?/B!@2pqGHG?(/5/)5f+)!G>Q+r:v*#(/B!"G?UW+)@(!GQ!M,G?!,#1>QW)%(/)Ua@A$GH#WMq$,+"#c@A+/B$@A'!v-d$,GQG [ $,!])$: @A:v5,$%(/"R T k(o(/I_)%(/Bw!/)O!s9$:wMf(/ -S#%/B! M,!@)z+ s)%5/B5q+B!GJR

6L$!])$,: >H%-./4:=!)>?7>Q+r/4!+-d(/)/)"#7Mf( ("e)%v>?+')%/)$%Pe$+g-)gP/B$#7!#/4+vAz@(>Q"#+)!C-')%C@A"]/)C-L:=!+)+voz>?M/B!)>Q!G:vz#%a-')+/B>QPh-F>?,+(R T "@A%"!)>H%Pa-)%voz>?M/4!)>?!G|:vz#%v:w$+)FMfv!"o>H#%"#Iy>R Rw)>H+F>H+L! `@AGQ#bWP!=5/B5q+B!GJRO0<5/4!@A)>Q@Aw),>Q+r>Q+'!s#>Qs@($G?Az5f(/B>Q:v"9)!Gt)!+qIq r>?)1)w#>?i@($G?Ua>Q,@A/)"!+)>Q%P=!+F)%g9$,:OMf(/-u>?,+ >Qa)%O/B!57>H@A/)"!+"+(Rm >H+>Q+ Mf"@(!$+O)%O*$:OMf(/ -Soz>?M/4!)>?!G:vz#%"+ ),!':g$+Mf8@A9G?"#a>H@A/)"!+"+5/)5f/))>Q!GQG?U r>?)i)%L*$:OMf(/-y>?,+k>Qc)%F/B!5tRuo"W)%$%PcG?U)%=@A"9/)v-m:=!+)+L:vz#%1d/O!%)(/O@A]o",>?"]:=*#%F>H+F$,+"#e-./L)=@A:v5,$%)!)>?tI)%5/B"+"@AO-S%c`+5f"@A)!/Bbc:v*#"+rG?"!#+rc>H@A/)"!+"#1"!)>Q%Ps-S)O@A"]/Bw-u:=!+B+r:vz#%!#1s@B!P"+r>Qa)>?zGQ!+(/ @A$5,GQ>Q%P%I%!#%"@AO!1>H@A/)"!+"#1#"@A%(/)"@A/4!R

Z /)"GQ!"# 5/)M,G?": >Q+W),!1!+a)%*$:OMf(/W->?+a>Q)%h/B!5 >Q@A/)"!+"+W)/3!:wM%E8>Q@BF5_!/B!:v((/#%"+)@A/B>QM,>Q%P)'@A$%5,GH>Q%P-t)FGQ!+)(/k)%F@A"]/)8-3:s!+)+k:=*#%8#%"@A/)"!+)"+/)$PG?UC!+6 XR= >Q+8-d/) [ $%"@AUC+)()+)%s:s!z>Q:g$:^5f+)+)>QM,G?+5f("#e-)v [ $%M_>?P!c!#h%"@A=+()+)%=GQ>Q:=>Qr-)%=+5f("#e-k) [ $!9)$: @A:v5_$%(/"R !@A/B>Q+B!)>?-m!)XXCM,>?O*$:wMf(/O/) [ $>?/)"+w$%5 6(X r [ $%M,>?)+O r>?) [ $!9)$: (/)/)/w@A/B/)"@A)>?I|/)"+)$,G?)>Q%P1>Q!

Page 11: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

'!M,>-d/) [ $%"@AUh-/B#(/ 6(XX T Iu r%(/B >Q+w)% 3!:wM%E8>Q@)W5,!/B!:=((/"R T "@AW!@A:v5_$%)!)>?1 '>?)56(X i i +(5,+ k$GH#W)!w!Mf$%rYXvU"!/B+rs@A:v5,GQ(C9 6(X];R0<W/B#%(/rvo(/B@A:vw)%"+O!,#a+)>Q:=>QGH!/k5/BM,G?":=+m!/)(oz>Q+"#W5/B5q+B!Gf !+ #(o"G?5f"#I%!+

>Q+O#>Q+)@($+B+"#eMf"G? Ri0w+)%$GQ#eMfs"#)!Az5f(/B>Q:v"9)+L5f(/)-d/B:v"#h '>?)h+):=!GQG9$:wMf(/B+->?+%6(X]1@(!Mfh!@(@A:v5,GQ>Q+B%"# r>?) )%h/4>?P>Q!GNm>?/4!@2pqGQG?(/W5/)5f+)!GIF!# )"+Az5f(/B>Q:v"9)+5/)oz>Q#%m>Q%-d/B:=!)>Q)!u>Q+$+(-$G*>Qg$#%(/B+))!#>Q%Pr)%mP"%(/B!G%@B,!/B!@A(/B>Q+)>H@(+-S>?a/4!5 [ $!])$,:>Q%-d/B:=!)>?W5,/)*@A"+B+)>Q%PvAz5f(/B>Q:v"9)+(I%/)(P!/B#,G?"+)+-|)%5,/)"@(>Q+#%()!>HGQ+-|)%L5/B5q+B!GJR=/> a> TD J/"2 !/@D " "2 #, !$ i/) [ $>?/B":v"]w- )%c/B>?P>Q,!GNm>?/4!@2pqGQG?(/5,/)5f+)!G),!w)%W>?:v)>?Mfi@A*G?"#)%P/)$# +))!-8)%1oz>?M/B!)>Q!Gm5f"])>Q!G 5/)"+"9)+s!#,>?s@($G?Az5f(/B>Q:v"9)!G)!+qR Z:v()*#e-k5q(/B-./B:s>Q%Ps k [ $%M,>QLP!"+)!L#%*"+L%L/) [ $>?/)@A*GQ>Q%Pca)%vP/)$,#7+))! m!+ 5/B5q+)"#WM9U1Nm>?/B!@L!,#CpqGQG?(/s"GQ>Q:=>Q,!F),>Q+m5/)M,GQ": 9 W;R

0<)>Q+g%( :=()%*#>Q#>Qo*>Q#,$!G|>?+g!/)c+)/)"#>H@(G?+)"G?U+(5,!/B!"# :=>H@A/)/B!5,+(RC %+5_!@(>Q%PvMf( ("1)%O/B!5,+ >Q+m-|/B#(/%6L96(XXt:aR

%>Q%PG? [ $%M,>?P!"+!/)u5f(/)-d/B:v"#L!+3-./y)%u/B>?P>H!G]Nm>?/B!@2pfGQG?(/5/)5f+)!GI>JR R3M*UL#%/B>?oz>Q%P>Q9(/B!G3/B!+)>Q)>?+-S)%g>?1),!F!/)g%'@A$5,G?"#1i)%w>Q +':=)>?!G3+))!Rr %w [ $%M,>?SP!"+m!/)r5q(/B-./B:="#vMf( ("i%">QP]Mf$%/B>H%PL>?+SM*Uv!55,G?Uz>Q%PL!`<5_$+)>QPbFGH!+(/w)%>?,+S)!k@(!$,+"+u)%'>?+SwMq #,>Q+5,GQ!@A"#-d/):D)r:=>Q>H:w$:x-f)% /4!5s5f"])>H!GJI] r>Q))%!:v$,]-m#>Q+)5,GQ!@A":v"98Mq">H%Pa#%(5f"#%"9F)%s>Q9(/B!GS+)!s-)=>?Rv %v k>Q+Az5f(/B>?"@A!v+)!g#%(5f"#%"9m5,!++),>?-.#$L=)%wN$GQ:OM1>Q9(/B!@A)>?#$%/B>QPw)%O)>Q:v)%w5,$+),>Q%PGQ!+(/'>H+ !55,GQ>Q"#R %O5,!++),>?-. >H+ :=!9Ua)>Q:v"+rV &|I_M,$% M*UW)%O@A/)/)"@A8@B>Q@A-5,!/4!:v((/B+k)%'%(k5,!+F+)>?-du@(!iMq':=!#%rgMfr!=(o"W:g$G?)>?5_G?m-3V &-d/k!GQG_>Q9(/B!G>?@A%P$%/B!)>Q+mAz@A(5,r)%@(!+w r%"WMf)1>?,+!/)O>QW)%+))! P'6URI,>R Rp9 ;

P XSR P XSR n i P b ll R P XSR P XSR n i P b ll RP XSR P 6UR n i P b l i R P XSR P'6UR n i P b l i RP'6UR P XSR n i P b i l R P'6UR P XSR n i P b i l RP'6UR P 6UR n i P b i i R P'6UR P'6UR n i P b i i R r(/)hP bcR=#%"%"+i)%>Q9(/B!Gr+)!-L)%/)"+=-L)%C>?+(R >Q+/)"!GH>Q+"+s! [ $%M_>?5,,!+aP!Ik '>Q@B >H+v+)$%s@(>?"9 r>?))%1+)>H%PG? [ $%M_>?wP!"+ih5f(/)-d/B:P"%(/B!G [ $!9)$:@A:v5_$%)!)>?!G5f(/B!)>Q+(R

r%h!#%o!9)!P-g)>Q+c5/B5q+B!GL>Q+c)!1)%h:v)>?,!GL+)!-g)%>?+a>Q+W%1$,+"# /4!+-d(/ [ $,!])$: >Q%-d/B:=!)>?Mf( (" >?,+(IF!,# + )%5,/)*@A"+B+/>Q+a:v/Bh/)"+)>QGQ>Q"] r>Q)h/)"+5f"@AO7#%"@A%(/)",@Ac@(!$+)"#M*U%"!)>Q%P1-)s:v)>?!Gk+)!"+(RE8$%/4>Q%Pa)%i)>Q:v/) [ $>?/B"#-d/W)%C k [ $%M,>QcP!h:v)>Q!G8%"!)>Q%P @(!@(!$+e#%"@A%(/)",@AIF% k(o(/)>Q+)>Q:==>Q+8+)%/)@A:v5_!/)"#ha)%v)!G)>Q:v/) [ $>?/)"#7-d/)%=@A:v5,$)!)>?h!#e)%=>?,+L@(!Mf+Uz:v5,!)%()>H@(!GQG?Ui@A*G?"#1>Q-%"@A"+B+)!/)UcMq( k(")% k [ $%M,>?rP!"+(R

r>Q+ 5,/)5f+)!Gy!GHG? r+')%$+g-!i5qGQPU1 r%(/)(M*Ua)%!:=+L!/)g(5L>Q+GQ!"#C-d/):"!@4=)%(/#$%/B>QPr)%)>Q:="+S)!S)%(U!/)r%S5f(/)-d/B:=>H%P' k [ $%M,>QSP!"+(I*!,#)%"v:vo"#>Q9!v>Q9(/B!@A)>?v/B(P>? r%" k [ $%M,>?SP!"+k%("#vLMfm5f(/)-./4:v"#R Z v>Q:=5,G?":v"9)!)>?5/B5q+)"#w>Q 9 ;@A+)>Q+))+y-_!' k#,>Q:v"+)>Q!Gz!/)/B!"Uw-,>?+|>Qg>Q#,>?o*>H#$!G"GQGQ>Q5)>Q@(!G]>QO/B!5_+(I r>Q)!>H#%(5f"#%"9a`</)"!#%$%)b [ $M,>?L(5g>Q!C+(5,!/B!c>?/B!5)!:vo"+g!Mfoc)%!/)/4!"UW-S:=>Q@A/)/B!5_+!#1>Q+$+)"#a=/B!+)-.(/r>H%-./4:=!)>?WMf( ("1)%L)(/'>?+"R

Page 12: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

*

=/> a>( F:HgLZH " mBEJ L]D oLZH "_D&C!>?5,$,GQ!)>Q%Pv!sGH!/)PO*$:OMf(/ -S>?,+ >Q1!i+)>Q%PG?>Qa/B!55f+"+'!=*$:OMf(/ -SAz5f(/B>Q:v"9)!G!#s)%(/)()>Q@(!G,M,+)!@(G?"+"R /kA%!:v5,GQ )%r%("#s-./!GQ!/)P'/B!5s-d/) [ $%"@AUgw:=!>H])!>Q=)%P!v+5f("#1/B"+)$G?)+'>Q#%"@A/B"!+"#e+5,!@(>Q%PsMq( k("7)%>?+'!#"@AwP/B"!(/8#,>?s@($G?)>Q"+ >Q!##/)"+)+)>QPF>Q,#>?oz>Q#$!G>?,+(R .8 m!"UgLo(/4@A:v )>Q+5/BM,G?":x>Q+L5q(/B-./B: [ $!])$,:DG?P>Q@5f(/B!)>?,+Mf( (">?+r>Qa!v/)(P>?+(5,!/B!-d/): )O>?+ Mq">H%Pv5f(/B!"#a!r)!)>Q:=IM9Ua:vo*>H%P=)%O>Q+ !/)$,#1!` [ $!9)$: @4!/)PA@A$%5,GQ"##%(oz>Q@A"bC6ON NmEm@A+)>H+)>Q%P-S+(o(/B!G3>Q](/4@A%"@A"#>Qa/B!5,+ 9 606 ;R Z +B@B%":=!)>H@O#>Q!P/4!: >Q+ +)% r1>Q >?P$/) 6R 6R

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

""""""""""""""""""""

####################

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&'''''''''''''''

((((((((((((((((((((

))))))))))))))))))))

***************+++++++++++++++

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,---------------

....................

////////////////////

000000000000000111111111111111

222222222222222333333333333333

44444444444444444444

55555555555555555555

666666666666666777777777777777

88888888888888888888

99999999999999999999

::::::::::::::::::::

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<===============

>>>>>>>>>>>>????????????

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

BBBBBBBBBBBBCCCCCCCCCCCC

DDDDDDDDDDDDEEEEEEEEEEEE

FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF

GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGG

HHHHHHHHHHHHIIIIIIIIIIII

JJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKK

LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL

MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM

NNNNNNNNNNNNOOOOOOOOOOOO

PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQQ

RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR

SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS

TTTTTTTTTTTTUUUUUUUUUUUU

VVVVVVVVVVVVWWWWWWWWWWWW

XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX

YYYYYYYYYYYYYYYY

ZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZZ

[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[

\\\\\\\\\\\\]]]]]]]]]]]]

^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

________________

````````````````

aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa

bbbbbbbbbbbbcccccccccccc

dddddddddddddddd

eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee

ffffffffffffgggggggggggg

hhhhhhhhhhhhiiiiiiiiiiii

jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj

kkkkkkkkkkkkkkkk

llllllllllllmmmmmmmmmmmm

nnnnnnnn

oooooooo

pppppppp

qqqqqqqq

rrrrrrrr

ssssssss

tttttttt

uuuuuuuu

vvvvvvvvvvvv

wwwwwwww

xxxxxxxxxxxx

yyyyyyyy

zzzzzzzzzzzz

||||||||||||

~~~~~~~~~~~~

¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡¡

¢¢¢¢¢¢¢¢¢¢¢¢

££££££££

¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤¤

¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥¥

¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦¦

§§§§§§§§§§§§

¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨¨

©©©©©©©©

ªªªªªªªªªªªª

««««««««««««

¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬¬

­­­­­­­­­­­­

®®®®®®®®

¯¯¯¯¯¯¯¯

°°°°°°°°

±±±±±±±±

²²²²²²²²

³³³³³³³³

´´´´´´´´

µµµµµµµµ

¶¶¶¶¶¶¶¶¶¶¶¶

········

¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸¸

¹¹¹¹¹¹¹¹

ºººººººººººº

»»»»»»»»»»»»

¼¼¼¼¼¼¼¼¼¼¼¼

½½½½½½½½

¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾

¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿

ÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀÀ

ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ

ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ

ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃ

ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ

ÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ

ÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆÆ

ÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇÇ

ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ

ÉÉÉÉÉÉÉÉ

ÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊÊ

ËËËËËËËËËËËË

ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌ

ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ

ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ

ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ

ÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ

ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÓÓÓÓÓÓÓÓ

ÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔ

ÕÕÕÕÕÕÕÕ

ÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖÖ

××××××××

ØØØØØØØØØØØØ

ÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙ

ÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚÚ

ÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛÛ

ÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜÜ

ÝÝÝÝÝÝÝÝ

ÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞÞ

ßßßßßßßßßßßß

àààààààààààà

áááááááááááá

ââââââââââââ

ãããããããã

ääääääääääää

åååååååååååå

ææææææææææææ

çççççççççççç

èèèèèèèèèèèè

éééééééé

êêêêêêêêêêêê

ëëëëëëëëëëëë

ìììììììììììì

íííííííííííí

îï

ðñ

òó

ôõ

ö÷

øù

úû

üý

þÿ

!!!!!!!!!!!!""""""""""""############$$$$$$$$$$$$%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&''''''''''''(((((((((((())))))))))))))))****************++++++++++++++++,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,------------............

////////////0000000000001111111111112222222222223333333333333333444444444444444455555555555566666666666677777777777777778888888888888888999999999999::::::::::::;;;;;;;;;;;;<<<<<<<<<<<<

============>>>>>>>>>>>>

???????????????@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@

AAAAAAAAAAAAAAABBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIJJJJJJJJJJJJJJJKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP

QQQQQQQQQQQQQQQRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR

Memory Region

Interaction Region

Electrode Segements

TSVUXWZY\[ 6^] 6 `_ Sba^UcY\acdfecgihjWkaclnmoWpdrqtspa^YoUc[vuwqveXWZxkyb[z|zZ[~Sqv[a^gm[~Y 9 606<;t] spSbla^YoYoeosZemY\aclkxecYomaclpzqveXlZlZ[d[ljmacyVeXlZUmosZ[ybeq~acymYta^xaS ]

sZ[kacoSbqSbzp[aecgmosZ[¡ _ xpYoecxeXoacyZSbTmospa^m¢mosp[Sbljm[~Y\lpacymoa^m[ecgaclSVeXlS¢lZecm£q\spaclpUc[zsp[l¤mosZ[SVeXlSb¥dec[z¦a^YoeXWklpz¤mosZ[zpS¨§[~Yo[ljm¥Yo[~UXSVeXlpecg©mosZ[mY\a^x¦jª«a^Y\ªSblpU¬mosp[[yV[qvmYoezZ[ceXyVmoa^Uc[ ]£­ lkSVmoSbacy[vx®[~YtSbd[ljmo£de¯SblZU°SVeXlp¢[~mw©[~[l¬[~xka^Y\a^m[z±mY\a^xk²aclkz±d[acoWpY\SblZUmosZ[Y\a^m[ecg³zZ[qveXsZ[~Yo[lpqv[ecg´mosp[ihWZkSVm©moa^m[spa¯c[\sZe¯lµmospa^mmosZ[¥hWZkSVm²omoa^m[¥Yo[dacSblp©qveXsZ[~Yo[ljmac©mosZ[SVeXlS¥de¯c[z¦g¶YoeXd·mY\a^x¸me¹mY\a^x 9 6º];»] ) sZ[l¸mw©eSVeXlp¥a^Yo[±Yo[hjWkSVYo[z«meSbljm[~Y\acqvmmex[~YogecY\dam¼e^uwhWZkSbmUXa^m[¡mosZ[~ª¹a^Yo[dec[zme±mosZ[Sbljm[~Y\acqvmoSVeXlY\[~UXSVeXl¹aclpzqveeXyV[zq~yVeXo[memosZ[¥UcYoeXWklpzdecmoSbeXlpacypmoa^m[Sba¡ªdxka^mosZ[~moSbqqveeXybSblZU¥ecgaclµSVeXlecgazpS¨§[~Yo[ljm¢[yV[d[ljmecYSecmecx[ yVeq~a^m[zSblmosZ[°\acd[¡mY\a^x ] . lpqv[mosZ[°UXa^m[Sbx[~YogecY\d[z¹mosp[°SVeXlpa^Yo[°de¯c[z«kacqo½¹me¬mosZ[¾mecY\a^Uc[c¿®ecYÀ d[decYoªÁ¿Yo[~UXSVeXl ]

àÄÆÅ #%$&Ç !^$ :&/ sp[iSVeXl¬mY\a^x¹Wpo[z¬Sl±eXWZY[vx[~Y\Sbd[ljm©S©aÈybSlZ[a^Y©ÉTacWpy®[lpzZuwq~a^x¬mYta^x¹ecx®[~Yta^moSblZU¾SVmos¬a°YtaczpSVe^ugYo[hWZ[lpqvªÈceXyVmoa^Uc[iecg®m¼ªjxSbq~acybyVª 6~ÊcÊ "©Ë\Ë a^m *]̺cÍÏÎÐ eXl±mosZ[Ñ [yV[qvmYoezZ[²aclkzµÒ Ê " eXlmosp[ _

Page 13: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

[lpzZuwq~a^x [yV[qvmY\ezZ[ ]¹­ m¾Sb¡zZ[\qvY\SV[z¸Sbl zZ[~moacSby²Sl 9 6 Ò ;»] sp[[ceXyVmoa^Uc[ÈxpY\ezpWkqv[±amY\a^xkxkSblZUxecm[ljmoSbacySVmos¬aSacygYo[hWZ[lpqvª º &¬º^ÊcÊ ½ ÎÐ aclpz¬Y\aczpSbacyg¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvª º &^ÊcÊ ½ ÎÐc] ©eXdx®[lkoa^moSVeXlµ[yV[qvYoezZ[a^Yo[x®eX\SVmoSVeXlZ[z±xka^Y\acybyV[ykmeÈmosZ[¥Ñ ¸mYta^xpxkSblZU°[yV[qvmYoezZ[aclpz¬gWpYomosZ[~YeXWZm¥gYoeXd mosZ[aZSbecg©mosZ[mY\a^x´¿ acosZelSblTSVUXWZYo[ 6^]̺]_ ceXyVmoa^Uc[°a^Yo[a^xpxkybSb[zÏme¹mosp[[[yV[qvmY\ezZ[ime¹qveXdx[lpoa^m[¾gecYimoa^moSq°[yb[qvmY\Sbq°p[ybzpe¬acime¬[lpoWZY\[¡mospa^mmosZ[¾xeXoSVmoSVeXl¹ecg²mosZ[dSlpSbd¾Wpd ecg©mosp[mY\a^xpxkSlZU¹xecm[lnmoSbacy²emospa^m¾SVmybSV[acybeXlZUmosZ[±aZSb¥ecgmosZ[±mY\a^x ] ) sZ[l¸mosZ[dSlpSbd¾Wpd ecgmosZ[xecm[lnmoSacypybSV[£acybeXlZUmosZ[aZSb²ecg®mosp[mY\a^x±mosp[SVeXldSqvYoeXdecmoSVeXlµSb£dSblkSbdSb[z´¿Yo[zkWpq~SblZUdecmoSVeXlkacypYoeXaczZ[lkSblZUÈecg mosp[¡SVeXlkWpecYo[oqv[lpqv[x[qvmY\a ]

1.2 1.0

2.6 8.4

0.20 srad

1.6

TR

BL BR

TL

º,

TSVUXWZY\[ 6^]̺3 lpz¬SV[~ ecg . g¶ecYtz¬SbeXlµmYta^x¹[yV[qvmYoezZ[a^YoY\aclZUc[d[lnm~¿Zmeoq~acyb[c¿posZe¯SblZU¾mosZ[ mY\a^x¹[yb[qvmYoezp[q~yVeX[z`kybacq\½µq~SVYtq~yV[ ¿mosZ[ _ qveXdx®[lkoa^moSVeXl`[yV[qvmYoezZ[zpSa^UceXlpacybyVªoskaczZ[zq~SVYtq~yV[ ¿ Ñ¡¿ ¿©Ñ aclpz«mosZ[ _ [lpzpq~a^x[yV[qvmY\ezZ[ecx[lq~SVY\q~yb[ t]°_ Sbd[lp\SVeXlpia^Yo[Sbldd ] sp[eXybSbz aclZUXyV[Sbl spSbqtskWZecY\[oqv[lpqv[SbµqveXybyV[qvm[z jª mosZ[ÏSbda^UXSblZU ªom[d Sb Ê]̺^Êm[~YtaczpSbaclp ]/ a^[yb¡eXl mosp[ _ qveXdx[lpoa^moSbeXl [yb[qvmYoezp[ÈYo[~g¶[~YÈme¤ecY\SV[ljmoa^moSVeXl ecg[ybqvmYoezZ[[~[lg¶Y\eXd acq~WkWpd g¶[~[zpmosZYoeXWZUXs¹[lkz¿Z[ ] U ] ad mecxyV[~gm~¿Z[~moq ]

Ñ qvecYoYo[yba^moSVeXld[acoWZYo[d[lnmoa^Y\[Wp[z`me±zZ[~m[~YtdSblZ[imosZ[¥xpYo[q~S[qveXdx[lpoa^moSVeXl`ceXybmoa^Uc[meSVmospSbl Ê]"¾] ªjxkSq~acy¢ceXyVmoa^Uc[¾a^xpxkybSV[z¤a^Yo[ *^Ê "°] sZ[SVeXl WZecYo[oqv[lpqv[Sd[acoWZY\[z¸Sblxkskac[¹SVmos mosZ[Ñ ceXyVmoa^Uc[Ïaclpz|SbgmosZ[d±SbqvYoeXdecmoSVeXl|SlZecmqveXdx[lpoa^m[z|mosp[xkyVecmÈecgSVeXlkWpYo[oqv[lpqv[c[~YtoWpxspac[¹ecgmosZ[Ñ SblZecm!ka^m~¿Sblpm[acz zkSbxkyba¯ªSlZU«\SbljWkzZeXSbzpacy À SVUcUXyb[oÁ ] sp[¥ceXyVmoa^Uc[eXlmosZ[¡qveXdx[lpoa^moSbeXl¹[yV[qvmYoezZ[a^Yo[°acyVm[~Yo[z¹me±d±SblpSbdS[mosp[[¥SVUcUXyV[ ]

=/> (a>@= #" ^J?H $D&%gD'")(gL"SH oL_H "_D sp[±SVeXl¦Wk[z¦Sbl¸mosZ[ . gecY\z SlZ[a^Y ­ eXl Y\a^x¦[vx[~Y\Sbd[ljm¡Sb+*-,¯ a/. ]` sZ[±lWpq~yV[Wp¡ecgmospSbSboecmecx®[spac¥lpe`oxkSbl ­ dÊn aclkzsZ[lpqv[lZe¹snªx[~YoklZ[ÈmY\WkqvmoWZYo[ ]°Î e¯©[~c[~Y¿ mosZ[ÈxpYo[[lpqv[ecg©ada^UXlp[~moSbq¥p[ybz`Y\[de¯c[mosZ[zZ[~Uc[lZ[~Ytacqvª¹ecg mosZ[°a^meXdSbqyV[~c[ymosZYoeXWZUXs`mosp[10®[~[dacl¹[v§[qvm ]

Page 14: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

,

sZ[¾ybe¯ yVªSblZU±[lp[~YoUcªÏyV[~c[yaclpz¤ybSbg¶[~moSbd[ecg£mosp[1*-,¯ a/.ÏSbeXlÏa^Yo[ÈxpY\[[lnm[z¤Sbl a^kyV[ 6^] 6aclpz ³SbUXWZYo[ 6^] Ò ] sp[¹[yV[qvmY\Sbq uwzpSbx®eXyb[`acyyVe¯©[z|mY\aclp\SVmoSVeXlpÈ[~mw©[~[l mosp[[yV[~c[yba^Y\[osZelSbl a^kyV[ 6^]̺]± sZ[acyWZ[ecgmosp[©a¯c[yV[lZUcmosp¡ecgmosZ[±mY\aclpoSVmoSbeXlpi[~Yo[eckmoacSblZ[zª«WkoSblZU`aWZY\yb[SVUXs 6 ^ÊcÊ ) a¯c[d[~m[~Y¡me`d[acoWZY\[°mosZ[Èybac[~YigYo[hjWp[lpq~SV[sZ[lmosp[~ª[~Y\[°eXl«Yo[eXlkaclpqv[SbmosÏmosp[SVY¥Yo[x[qvmoSVc[ÈmY\aclp\SVmoSVeXlp ]¾ sZ[ ) ac[d[~m[~Y¾spac¥acl¦acq~q~WZY\acqvª«ecg ^ÊXÍÏÎÐ0 sZe[~c[~YoySVUXsnmdSoacybSVUXlpd[lnm¾ecgmosp[`SlZxkWZm¾[acdfSblnmemosp[ ) ac[d[~m[~Y¹q~acl|zZ[qvYo[aco[mospSbacq~q~WZYtacqvª ]­ m°q~acl [µ[~[l mospa^m¡mosp[±Y\a^m[°ecgmosZ[¬zZ[q~aª¡gYoeXd mosZ[µÉ£uwyV[~c[yb¡meÏmosZ[ uwyV[~c[yb¡ecY _ uwyV[~c[ya^Yo[`ecgmosZ[`ecY\zZ[~Yecg 6ÍÏÎÐ ¿©spSq\sSbÈd°Wpqts|yba^YoUc[~YÈmospacl mosZ[¹zZ[q~a¯ª Yta^m[ÈecgmosZ[ uaclpz _ uyV[~c[y ]¹­ l ljWkd[~Y\Sbq~acyoSbd¾Wpyba^moSVeXlpecgmosp[±[spaSVeXWZY°ecgmosZ[µoªm[d mosZ[ uiaclpz _ uwyV[~c[yb¾a^Yo[Wp\WpacybyVªÈYo[~UXa^Y\zp[z¬acskaSblZUÈSblZklpSbm[ybSVg[~moSbd[~¿jsZ[lµmosZ[moSbd[oq~acyb[ecg mosZ[i\Sbd°Wkyba^moSVeXl±S©\sZecYomqveXdxa^Yo[zmemosp[ybSVg[~moSbd[ecg³mosZ[[¡yV[~c[y ]

94%

5.4%854nm

0.6%

397nm393nm94% 850nm866nm

6%

) i l

Ò n l

Ò q l

) i l

) n l

d º

d * q

d rq

d l n

d * n

d 6]`̺^Ê Ê\` Ê 6

d 6]` 6 *, Ê\` ÊcÊ

d ` Ê87, Ê\` ÊXº lp

d *o` 7cº) Ê\` Ê 617 lp

TSVUXWZY\[ 6^] Ò [~c[y£mYtWpqvmoWZYo[Èecg *-, a . osZe¯SblZU aclpz[ acybWp[¥aclpz¤[yV[qvmY\Sbq uwzkSVxeXyV[¾acyyVe¯©[zmY\aclkoSVmoSVeXlpi©a¯c[yV[lZUcmospmeÈlZ[a^Yo[om©lpd t] SVg[~moSbd[©aclpzpYtacq\spSblpU¡Y\a^moSVeX©a^Yo[acybe°UXSVc[l 9 6 Ò ;»]

2E46+4 $ sp[ybaªceXWZmecg³mosp[¥Yo[mecgTmosZ[¥mosZ[\SbSbacg¶eXybybe¯ ]

spa^xpm[~Y\ º aclpz Ò¤xpY\[[lnmµzZ[~moacSbybecgmosZ[Ïybac[~Y±ªm[d±Wp[z Sbl mosZ[¹[vx[~Y\Sd[lnmo±aclpzmosZ[SbYigYo[hWZ[lpqvª«moa^kSbybSoa^moSVeXlY\[x[qvmoSVc[yVª ] [~c[~Y\acy¢ybac[~Y\i©[~Yo[yVeqo½c[z¤me¹Yo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[q~a¯SVmoSb[ª oSzZ[vu»ecgu»gY\SblpUc[¬yVeqo½SblZU ] ɳeXWplpzZu _ Y\[~c[~Yu Î acyymoa^kSbybSoa^moSVeXlªom[df©aczp[~c[yVecx[z|aclpza^xpxybSV[z¬me±eXlZ[¥ecgTeXWZYybac[~Y\ ]

Page 15: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

7

[~c[y Wkd¡[~Y [~c[y ªd¡eXy lp 6 ) i l º Ò n l 6^]̺^ÊÊ] Ê 6¯t] 6~ÊÒ Ò q l 6^] 6 *,Ê] ÊcÊ t] 6~Ê ) ) i l ] Ê87,Ê] ÊXº ) n l *] 7cº)¥Ê] Ê 617 a^kyV[ 6^] 6 *-, a . [lZ[~YoUcª`yV[~c[yb 9 6 Ò ;»]

Y\aclpoSbmoSVeXl acq lpd $ ÍÏÎÐ) i l ) n l Ò 7 Ò ]+) ºX Ê] 7) º 6^] * 6) i l ) i l Ò 7*] 7, 7,X Ê] 7) º 6^] Ê ,Ò n l ) n l ,^Ê] Ê Ò ) *X Ê] ÊcÊ Ê] 6 * 6Ò q l ) n l ,)Z]+)) ÒZ 7X Ê] Ê/ Ò 6^]̺ 6 ,Ò n l ) i l ,**]+) cº *X Ê] Ê * 6^] Ò )

a^kyV[ 6^]̺3 *-, a . mY\aclpoSbmoSVeXlp 9 6 Ò ;»]) ac[yV[lpUcmosp~¿ Sblkm[Sbl qvej[µq~SV[lnmo°aclpz¦lka^moWZY\acy£ybSbg¶[vumoSbd[a^Yo[UXSVc[l ]

spa^xpm[~Y ) zZ[\qvY\SV[imosZ[xksjªoSq~ecgm¼e^uimosZYo[~[vuaclpzd¾WpyVmoS¨uwyb[~c[y¢hjWpacljmoWpd ªm[d¡aclpzmosZ[°d[~mosZezpWp[z¹meµoSbd¾Wpyba^m[¥mosZ[SVYmoSd[¥[~ceXybWZmoSVeXlWpoSblZUÈecxpmoSq~acyyVeqts¹[hWpa^moSVeXlp ]

spa^xpm[~Y zZ[\qvY\SV[[vx[~Y\Sbd[ljmox[~YogecY\d[zme¬ec[~Yoc[ÈqveXsZ[~Yo[ljmxecxkWpya^moSVeXlmY\a^xkxkSblZUZ¿ecY À zpa^Yo½¬Yo[eXlpaclpqv[\Á¿kSbl`mosZ[ *-, a . oªm[d ]

spa^xpm[~Y * zp[oqvY\SV[©mosZ[¥xpYoecyV[d ecgTYo[aczu»eXWZmecgTmosZ[Sbljm[~Y\lpacyhWpacljmoWpd moa^m[¡ecg³mosp[SVeXl¿aclpz a^Y\SbeXWpa^xpxpYoeXacqtsZ[moska^m±spac[Ï[~[l|a^mm[dxpm[z me¸x[~Yog¶ecYtdrmospSbÈmoac½ ] x[~Y\Sbd[ljmoacyzZ[~moacSybaclpz¦Yo[oWpyVmoecgaÏspSVUXsda^UXlZ[~moSqp[ybzd[~mosZez a^mm[dxpm[zzpWZY\SlZUµmosp[±qveXWZY\[±ecgmospSbxpY\e [qvma^Y\[xpYo[[ljm[z¿pac[ybyacmosZ[~ecYo[~moSbq~acy aclpacyVª[ecg³ecmosZ[~YxeXo\SVkyV[a^xpxpYoeXacqtsZ[ ]

spa^xpm[~Y zp[oqvY\SV[£mosp[mosZ[~ecY\ª[spSblpzµa°lZ[~ Yo[aczu»eXWpm©m[qtsplpSbhWZ[izZ[~c[yVecx[z`zpWZY\SblpU¥mosZ[qveXWZYt[`ecgmospSb¾xpY\e [qvm~¿£moska^mÈWk[a«mw©e^u»xksZecmeXl qveXsZ[~Y\[lpqv[`[v§®[qvmme[yb[qvmoSVc[yVª \sZ[yVc[¬mosZ[SVeXlzp[~x®[lkzpSblZUµeXl¤mosZ[Sblnm[~YtlpacyTmoa^m[eq~q~WZxka^moSVeXl ]¾ sZ[È[vx®[~YtSbd[ljmoacy³o[~moWZx¸aclpz¤Yo[oWkyVmoa^Yo[xpY\[[lnm[zg¶ecYacl`[vx[~Y\Sbd[ljmoacySbdxyV[d[ljmoa^moSVeXl¬ecg mosZ[¥Y\[aczu»eXWZmd[~mosZez ]¢­ m©acg¶eXWplkz`mospa^mmospS Y\[aczZeXWZm¢d[~mosZezÈYo[oWpybm[z¾Sl°aYo[aczZu»eXWZmT[±q~SV[lpqvª°ecga^YoeXWplkz ^Ê`]- WZUcUc[moSVeXlp¢a^Y\[d±aczZ[eXlspe¯ meµSbdxpYoec[¥mospSb[±q~Sb[lpqvª`me±q~yVeX[meµWplpSVm¼ª ]

spa^xpm[~Y , zZ[\qvY\SV[mosZ[¾mosZ[~ecYoª¹[spSblkz¹aµ[qveXlkzYo[aczZu»eXWZmm[qtsplpSbhWZ[¾zZ[~c[yVecx[zÏzkWZY\SblZUmosZ[¥qveXWZYt[ecg mospSbmosZ[oSb~¿mospa^mWp[[yV[qvmYoeXd±a^Uc[lnmoSbq~acyyVªµSblkzpWpqv[zmYtaclpxka^Yo[lkqvªmeq~aclpqv[ya^ZuecY\xpmoSVeXlÈgYoeXd eXlZ[ecgkmosp[Sblnm[~YtlpacyZhjWpkSVmTyV[~c[yb¢aclpzsZ[lkqv[acybyVe¯ omoa^m[vuw[yV[qvmoSVc[Yo[aczZeXWZm¢ecgmosZ[SVeXlÏSbljm[~Y\lpacy omoa^m[ ] sZ[¡[vx[~Y\Sbd[lnmoacy [~moWZxÏaclkzYo[oWkyVmoa^Yo[°xpYo[[ljm[zÏg¶ecYacl[vx[~Y\Sbd[ljmoacySbdxkyV[d[ljmoa^moSVeXl ecgmospSb¡Yo[aczu»eXWZmd[~mosZez ]Ï­ m¾©ac¾geXWplpz mospa^m¾mospSb¾d[~mosZez¦acÈoSbdxkyb[meSbdxkyV[d[ljm¥[vx[~Y\Sd[lnmoacyyVª«aclkz¸Yo[oWkyVm[z¸Sbl¸aYo[aczu»eXWZm°[±q~SV[lpqvª¤ecga^YoeXWklpz ʬ] WpUcUc[ umoSVeXlka^Yo[¡d±aczZ[eXlspe¯ meµSbdxpYoec[mospSb[±q~SV[lpqvª`me 7^Ê jª`ecxpmoSdSboa^moSVeXlecg³[vx[~Y\Sbd[ljmoacyxka^Ytacd[~m[~Y\ ]

Page 16: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

+$Ç 2 4625&/4a>?=/>@= "SJ ^J/," D , D "26L_J ! [d±SbqveXlpzpWpqvmecYÈzpSVezZ[¬ybac[~Y\¾a^Yo[`qveXddeXlpyVª¸Wk[z Sl a^meXdSq±xksjªoSbq~¾zpWZ[±me¤mosZ[SbY¾yVe qveXomaclpzYo[yba^moSVc[¡[ac[¡ecg¢ecx[~Y\a^moSVeXlqveXdxka^Yo[zme±ecmosZ[~Yybac[~Yoªm[d±oWpqtsacizZªc[¡ybaco[~Y\ecYmoSVmoaulpSWpd oa^xpxspSVYo[Èybac[~Y\ 9 64)_;»]` sZ[±[d±SbqveXlpzpWpqvmecY¾zpSVezZ[ybac[~Y¾SbaÏzZ[~Sqv[±a^eXWZm ^ÊcÊ d yVeXlZUª *^Ê d zZ[~[~x«deXWpljm[zeXla±qvecxpx[~YsZ[a^m\SblZ½ 9 6 ];»] xpxkybSq~a^moSVeXl`ecg¢aq~WZYoYo[ljmmeµmosZ[¡zpSVezZ[Sba¾aclµeXskdSbqqveXljmoacqvmq~acWpo[[yb[qvmYoeXluwsZeXyV[ixkacSVYt²meÈ[Uc[lZ[~Yta^m[z¹Sbl±mosp[iacqvmoSVc[Yo[~UXSbeXlµecg mosZ[zpSbezZ[ ] sp[[µ[yb[qvmYoeXluwsZeXyV[`xkacSbY\¡Y\[qveXd¡kSlZ[µmexkYoezkWpqv[±xkspecmeXlp¾spSbqtsa^Y\[¬acdxybSVp[z jªmoSd°Wpya^m[z¹[dSbo\SVeXl¿xpYoezpWpq~SblpU°mosZ[°ybac[~YeXWZmxWZm ]² sZ[yac[~Yq~aSVm¼ªSbgecY\d[z¹ªµmosp[gacqv[~moecg mosZ[izkSVezp[SVmo[ybgecY©ª±acl¬[vm[~Y\lpacyq~aSVmwªµ[yV[d[ljm ]² sZ[iWp[iecg acl¬[vm[~Ytlpacyq~aSVmwªµ[yV[d[ljmSbzpSboq~Wp\[z`Sbl [qvmoSVeXl º]̺]

sZ[¥zpSVezZ[iomY\WpqvmoWZYo[¥qveXlp\SbmoecgTaqv[lnmY\acyY\[~UXSVeXl¹spaSblZUaoySVUXsnmoybª±yVe¯©[~YkaclkzµUXa^xmospaclmosZ[°oWZYoYoeXWklpzpSblZU¾Yo[~UXSVeXl ]© skSbSb½lZe¯lacmosp[¡acqvmoSVc[¡Y\[~UXSVeXlecgTmosZ[¡zkSVezp[oSblpqv[¥mosZ[¾q~WZYoYo[ljma^xpxybSV[z¹me`mosZ[¾zpSVezZ[¡SbiqveXlpqv[ljmY\a^m[zSblmoskSbY\[~UXSVeXlÏaclkzÏsZ[lkqv[°SVmiSbSlmospSbYo[~UXSVeXlÏmospa^mimosZ[ybaco[~Y¾xsZecmeXlpÈa^Yo[¬xpYoezpWpqv[z 9 6 * ;»]¸ sZ[¬ybac[~Yq~aSVmwª Sb¾WpoWpacyyVª¤ecgmosZ[¹q~yV[ac[zZuwq~aSVmwª mwªx[ ] skSbqveXlpoSbmoecgmosZ[zpSV[ÈqveXljmoacSblpSblZU¹[~c[~Ytacy£zpSVezZ[®[SlZU¬q~yb[ac[z¦acybeXlZU`xkybaclZ[ime[~xka^Yta^m[mosZ[SlpzpSVSbzpWpacy zpSVezZ[~¿SVmos¤mosp[q~yV[a^a^Uc[±xkyaclZ[ig¶ecY\d±SblZU`mosZ[q~aSVm¼ª¤d±SVYoYoecY\ ]° sZ[ÈYo[ya^moSVc[Yo[~gY\acqvmoSVc[SlpzZ[v¦ecgmosZ[¹ybac[~YzpSVezZ[`da^m[~Y\SbacySbÈa^xpxkYoeZSbda^m[yVª [v§ Ò ` ¿e¤mosZ[ ZYo[\lZ[yYo[ k[qvmoSVSbmwª ecg¥mosZ[q~yV[a¯a^Uc[¤xkyaclZ[Sba^eXWZm¬Ò Ê gecYµa zpSVezZ[vuwacSVYSbljm[~Yogacqv[ ] spSbÈUXSVc[¬aYo[ya^moSVc[yVª`yVe¯ q~a¯Sbmwª¹klZ[\[¥ecg ºo` aclpzaqvecYoYo[xeXlpzpSlZUXyVª±yba^Y\Uc[ybac[~YybSlZ[~SbzZmos ]

sZ[¥g¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvª¬xacq~SblZU[~mw©[~[lyVeXlpUXSVmoWpzpSblkacySbljm[~Y\lpacyq~a¯SbmwªdezZ[SbUXSbc[l¹jª 9 6 ; Sbljm d º [v§ Sbljm

sp[~Yo[ Sbmosp[°x[~[z¹ecg¢ybSVUXsjmaclpz Sbljm SbmosZ[°yV[lZUcmosecgTmosZ[°Sblnm[~Ytlpacy´ybac[~Yiq~aSVmwª¹gecY\d[zjªmosZ[°q~yV[a^a^Uc[°xybaclZ[ecgTmosZ[¾zpSVezZ[ ]£ ªxkSbq~acy´acybWp[ecg Sbljm a^Yo[¡Sbl¹mosp[Y\aclZUc[ ^Ê u 6~ÊcÊ¥ÎÐ gecY [v§ Ò `] sZ[¡UXacSl«q~WpYoc[°ecg²mosZ[¾yac[~Y¥zpSVezZ[¡da^m[~Y\Sacy³skaca¬Sbzpmosecg²[~c[~Ytacy³lkd a^YoeXWklpzmosZ[qv[ljmYo[gYo[hjWp[lpqvªecg²mosp[ÈzkSVezp[c¿aclkz«sp[lpqv[ÈmosZ[zpSVezZ[¾q~aclyac[ÈeXl«o[~c[~Y\acy¢dezZ[¥a^mmosZ[oacd[±moSbd[c¿³UXSVSblZUaÏd°WpybmoSbdezZ[ÈeXWZmxkWZm°g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvª¤x[qvmY\Wpd ]¬ skSbSbWkoWpacybyVª«WplpzZ[\SVY\a^kyV[gecYspSbUXs`xpYo[q~SboSbeXl¬a^meXd±Sbq¡x[qvmYoeX\qvecxjª¹a^xpxkySbq~a^moSVeXlpem[qtsplpSbhWZ[skac[¡[~[lzp[~c[yVecx[z¹me[lp\WZYo[oSblpUXyV[vuwdezZ[ecx®[~Yta^moSVeXl¹ecg³mosZ[¡zpSVezZ[¥ybac[~Y mospSbSbzpSoq~Wpo[z¹Sl [qvmoSVeXl º]̺]

6~Ê

Page 17: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

606

a>?=/> "_D.1aHED. AHEJ B "2oLZD "SJ $UL_J $ sp[¾qv[ljmYo[Èg¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvªmospa^mmosZ[Èybac[~Y¥zpSVezZ[°yac[a^mSzZ[~m[~YtdSblZ[zÏjªmosZ[°x[a^½ecg²mosZ[ÈUXacSblq~WZY\c[iecg³mosZ[¥ybac[~YzpSbezZ[da^m[~Y\Sacy ]¢ sZ[xeXoSVmoSVeXlµecg mospSx[a^½±S©zp[~m[~Y\dSblZ[z¬ª±mosZ[¥da^m[~YtSbacyqveXdxeXoSbmoSVeXlecg²mosZ[¾yac[~YizkSVezp[ ] ZecY aiy i $ ai¥ybac[~YzpSVezZ[mosp[°UXacSbl«q~WZYoc[ÈSbiqv[lnmY\[zeXd[~sZ[~Yo[ÈSblÏmosZ[°Y\[~UXSVeXl ,^Ê u ,^Ê lkd¹¿´SVmosÏa¬SbzZmosecg º u¼Ò Ê lpd 9 6 Z;»] Ñ[qv[lnmoyVª«ybac[~YzpSVezZ[mospa^mµecx[~Y\a^m[Sbl|mosp[ " Y\[~UXSVeXl spa¯c[[~[l zZ[~c[ybecx®[z 9 6 ;»] sZ[da^m[~Y\SacyWp[z|gecY±mosp[[zpSbezZ[Sb a ecY a ­ l aclpzmosp[UXacSblq~WpYoc[a^Y\[°qv[ljmYo[zÏSl¹mosZ[Yo[~UXSbeXlÏÒ 7^Ê u )nº^Ê lpd SbmosaSzZmos`ecg lkd 9 6 ;»]

sZ[±qv[ljmYo[µgYo[hWZ[lpqvª¤ecgmosZ[µyac[~Y°zpSbezZ[ÈUXacSbl q~WZYoc[¬Sb¡a¹gWplpqvmoSbeXlecgm[dx[~Y\a^moWZYo[µaclpzsZ[lkqv[ÏmosZ[«ybac[~Y¬g¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvª q~acl [Ïa^Y\Sb[z ª acz WpmoSblZU¦mosZ[ÏzpSbezZ[m[dx[~Y\a^moWZYo[ ] ZecY`mosZ[ aiy i $ ai zkSVezp[mosZ[£ybSblZ[a^Ym[dx®[~Yta^moWZYo[¢moWplpSlZUqvej[±q~Sb[lnm Sa^xpxpYoe¯Sbd±a^m[yVª Ê]̺ lpd $9 64)Z; ¿skSbyV[gecYmosZ[ " ybaco[~Y©zpSbezZ[²mosZ[qvej[±q~Sb[lnmSb©a^xpxpYoe¯Sda^m[yVª Ê] Ê/ lpd $]n­ l±xpYtacqvmoSbqv[SVm©Sb£[mme¡ecx[~Y\a^m[ybac[~YzpSVezZ[£a^ma^YoeXWplpz º^Ê/ ] . x®[~Yta^moSblZUmosZ[iybac[~YzpSVezZ[a^mspSVUXsZ[~Ym[dÈux[~Y\a^moWZY\[¡Sb¡x®eX\oSVkyV[c¿ kWZm¡mosp[µdaZSbd¾Wpd m[dx[~Y\a^moWZY\[µSb°WpoWpacybybªÏa^YoeXWplkz Ò Ê zZ[~x[lpzpSblZUeXlmosp[ÈzkSVezp[¾da^m[~YtSbacy ]ÈÎ SVUXsp[~Y¥ecx®[~Yta^moSblZU`m[dx[~Y\a^moWZYo[ÈYo[\WpyVmoSbl¤a`Yo[zpWpqv[zyac[~YybSVg[~moSbd[ ]. x[~Y\a^moSbeXlecgmosZ[zpSVezZ[ybac[~Ya^myVe¯©[~Ym[dx®[~Yta^moWZYo[®[qveXd[zpS ±q~WpyVm¢[yVe a^eXWZm 6~Ê u 6 oSlpqv[a^m²moskSb£m[dx[~Y\a^moWpYo[mosZ[zp[~ xeXSbljm£ecgdeXSbmoWZY\[SblmosZ[iacSVY²Sb²Yo[acq\sp[zµaclpzµqveXlpzZ[lp\a^moSVeXl[~UXSblpmeµgecY\d eXl«mosZ[°ybaco[~YizpSbezZ[¡eXWZmxkWZmgacqv[~m ] spSbspacmosZ[°[v§[qvmecg²zZ[~xeXoSVmoSlZUzpWpmeXlmosZ[¾eXWZmxkWpmgacqv[~mispSbq\sÏSbWZY\ljmSbljme±mosZ[¾gacqv[~miª¹mosZ[¾ybac[~Y¿spa^Y\dSlZUmosZ[¾ecx[~Y\a^moSVeXlÏecg¢mosZ[ybaco[~Y ] ZecYmoskSbiYo[aceXl¿´ecx[~Y\a^moSbeXlÏecg©a¹zpSVezZ[°yac[~Ya^myVe¯ m[dx[~Y\a^moWpYo[Yo[hWpSVYo[imosZ[zpSVezZ[me[sZ[~Ytd[~moSbq~acybyVª¬[acyV[zSl¹azZYoª¬a^modeXxksZ[~Y\[ecY^acq~WpWpd ]

sZ[m[dx[~Y\a^moWZY\[moWplpSblpU¬[spa¯SbeXWZYecgmosZ[±ybaco[~Y¡zpSVezZ[[v§[qvmoSVc[µq~a¯SVm¼ª¦yV[lZUcmos¸Yo[hjWkSVYo[mosZ[m[dx[~Y\a^moWpYo[ecg mosZ[izkSVezp[meÈ[½c[~xpmqveXlpmoacljmgecY©mosp[iybaco[~Y©gYo[hWZ[lpqvªmeÈYo[dacSlµmoa^yV[ ]­ l xpY\acqvmoSbqv[mospSbSbacq~qveXdxybSbosZ[zªWk[¹ecgia¤mosp[~Y\de^u»[yV[qvmY\SqqvejeXyb[~YÏ ybeq~a^m[z lZ[a^YmosZ[¹ybaco[~YzpSVezZ[µsZ[acz|Sl a¤g[~[zZkacq\½ yVeecx me¸moa^kSbybS[±mosZ[`m[dx[~Y\a^moWpYo[`memosZ[¹dSbybybS [yVSblyV[~c[y 9 64)Z;»]

­ l¸aczpzkSVmoSVeXl«memosZ[SVY¥m[dx®[~Yta^moWZYo[moWplpSlZU¬q~a^xa^kSbybSVmoSb[~¿´ybac[~YzpSbezZ[ÈgYo[hWZ[lpq~SV[¥q~acl acybe[±acz Wpm[z¦jªacyVm[~YtSblZUmosZ[µzpSVezZ[q~WZYoYo[ljm ] ybm[~Y\SblZU¹mosZ[¬ybac[~Y¾zpSVezZ[q~WZYoYo[ljm¡qtspaclZUc[°mosZ[Yo[~gY\acqvmoSVc[¤Sblpzp[v ecg¡mosZ[ÏzpSbezZ[Ïda^m[~Y\Sbacyiaclpz sp[lpqv[«\spSVgmomosZ[Ïg¶Yo[hWZ[lpq~Sb[ecgmosZ[«qveXd¡ ecgSbljm[~Y\lpacy²q~aSVmwª¸dezZ[ ]µ­ g©mosZ[±yac[~Y°zpSbezZ[Sb¡ybacoSblZU¹eXl¸eXlpyVª¤eXlZ[ecY¾a¹g¶[~ dezZ[¥mosZ[±yac[~YeXWZmxWZmg¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvª Syby©g¶eXybybe¯ mosZ[\spSVgm¾ecgmosZ[Ïq~aSVmwª dezZ[ÈgecYµod±acyby[vq~WpY\oSVeXlp ]­ gimosZ[gYo[hWZ[lpqvª¬[vq~WZYtoSVeXl¹Sbmee±yba^Y\Uc[¥mosZ[¡ybac[~YSbyby À sZecxkÁÈmeµaclZecmosZ[~YSlnm[~Y\lkacyq~aSVmwªdezZ[ ]

_ WZ[memosp[²ybac[~Y g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvª¥qtspaclZUXSblZUiac mosp[ybac[~Y³q~WZYoYo[ljm qtspaclZUc[~¿cmosZ[ybac[~YTzpSVezZ[£q~WZYoYo[ljmoWpxpxkyVª¾lZ[~[zp¢me¾spac[iyVe¯ acdeXWpljmo£ecglZeXSb[ ]T ªjxkSq~acybyVª¡mosp[ybac[~YzpSVezZ[ecx®[~Yta^m[a^m²a°q~WZYoYo[ljmecg ^Ê u 6~ÊcÊ d °¿SVmos¹q~WZYoYo[ljmlZeXSbo[ 6~Ê ]a>?=/>( $0$ D " J ED " :I -$ ac[~Y¬zkSVezp[a^Yo[ÏWpo[~gWpygecYµa^meXd±SbqxksjªoSbq~zpWp[me¦mosZ[SbYYo[yba^moSVc[ybª ybe¯ qveXomµaclpz [ac[ecgecx[~Y\a^moSVeXl qveXdxka^Y\[z meecmosZ[~Y`qveXddeXl ybac[~Y¬ªom[d ] Î e¯©[~c[~Y¿mosZ[~Yo[Ïa^Y\[«a ljWpd°[~Y±ecgzpSbezZ[¥ybaco[~Yq\spa^Ytacqvm[~Y\SbmoSbq~mospa^mybSdSVm©mosZ[SVY[v§[qvmoSVc[lZ[o ]i¤spacÏ®[~[l zpSb\q~Wpo[z acyVYo[aczZªc¿ÈzpSVezZ[¦ybaco[~Y\Ïa^Y\[ moWplp[z ª m[dx[~Y\a^moWZYo[ecYq~WZYoYo[ljm

qtspaclZUc[ ]£ skSb¢d[aclp¢moska^m£g¶ecY²mosZ[ybac[~Y²g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvª°me[moa^kyV[mosp[m[dx[~Y\a^moWZYo[aclkzq~WZYoYo[ljmd¾Wpm[¥½c[~xpmqveXlkmoaclnm~¿Yo[hWpSVY\SblpU¾yVe lZeXSbo[oWZxpxkySV[ ]

sZ[yVe¯ eXWZmxkWZmgacqv[~mYo[ k[qvmoSVSbmwª|d[aclpmoska^m±ybac[~Y±zkSVezp[a^Yo[oWp\qv[~xpmoSVkyV[`me¸ecxkmoSbq~acyg[~[zZkacq\½ ]. xkmoSbq~acyg¶[~[zZacqo½¾eq~q~WZYt³zkWZ[me¥Yo[ p[qvm[zybSVUXsjm³g¶YoeXd mosp[yac[~Y¢xpYoecxka^UXa^moSlZUkacqo½¾memosZ[eXWpmxkWZmTgacqv[~m²ecgkmosZ[zpSbezZ[c¿^skSbq\sÈmosZ[lacqvmo²ac£axksZecmezpSVezZ[aclpz¾xpYoezpWpqv[¢q~a^YoY\Sb[~Y\TSbl¾mosZ[zpSbezZ[¥da^m[~YtSbacy ]£ sZ[o[q~a^YoY\SV[~Y\a^Y\[lZecmSbl¬xkspaco[¥SVmos`mosZeX[¥xkYoezkWpqv[z`jª¬mosZ[ybaco[~Yq~WZYoYo[ljm~¿

Page 18: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

Yo[\WpyVmoSblZU¥Sbl±d°WpybmoSbdezZ[©yac[~Y²[spa¯SVeXWpY 9 64)Z;»]. xpmoSbq~acyg[~[zZkacq\½q~acl[Wp[z±aczZacljmoa^Uc[~eXWpoybªc¿acSbzpSboq~Wp\[zSbl [qvmoSVeXl º]̺ ¿´sZe¯©[~c[~Y¥SblUc[lp[~Y\acyTSVmda^½c[imosZ[Èybac[~YiUce`d°WpybmoSbdezZ[¡aclpzÏSbzZ[~mYtSbd[ljmoacy ] . xpmoSbq~acyg[~[zZkacq\½ÈS¢xka^YomoSbq~Wkyba^Y\yVªxkYoeckyV[da^moSqsZ[lÈmosZ[ybaco[~Y²Sb£zpSbYo[qvm[zÈeXlnme¾aspSbUXspyVª¥Yo[ p[qvmoSbc[ecxpmoSbq~acy[yV[d[ljm£oWpqtsac¢a!ka^pYoªjuwÉ [~Y\ecm²q~aSVmwª¾ecY¢ecxpmoSbq~acyZox®[qvmYtWpd aclpacyVª[~Y ]. xkmoSbq~acyg¶[~[zpkacqo½Sb¢a¯ceXSbzZ[zªÈWp[ecgaclecxpmoSbq~acyZSboeXyba^mecY²zpSVY\[qvmoyVª°a^gm[~Y£mosZ[yac[~Y ] lecxkmoSbq~acySboeXyba^mecY¾qveXlkoSbmo°ecga ) pa^Y\aczkaª¦Y\ecmoa^mecYSVmos¦SlZxkWZm¡aclkz¸eXWZmxkWpm¡xeXyba^Y\Sb\SblZU¹[yV[d[ljmo¾mexpY\[~c[lnm©aclnªÈYo[ p[qvm[z¬ybSVUXsjm¢gYoeXd Yo[acqtspSblZU¡mosZ[ybac[~Y ]- SblZUXyV[moa^Uc[iecxpmoSbq~acypSeXyba^moSVeXlecga^YoeXWklpz )XÊ z' SbqveXddeXlpyVªeckmoacSblZ[z ]¢ sZ[zZY\akacqo½©me¡ecxpmoSbq~acy®SbeXya^mecY\a^Y\[mosZ[SVYYo[yba^moSVc[ybªspSVUXsqveXm~¿ 6~ÊcÊcÊ ¿aclkz¹mosZ[¥[acd a^mm[lWpa^moSVeXlÏmospa^mmosZ[~ª`q~acWp[µmYtaclpodSb\oSVeXl Ê u 7^Êt]

_ SVezZ[¥ybac[~Yta^Yo[¥xka^YomoSbq~Wkyba^Y\yVª[lkoSVmoSVc[me yb[qvmYoeXmoa^moSbq _ Sb\q\spa^YoUc[± _ zpacda^Uc[ ]² spSbecY\mecg¢zpacda^Uc[¡eq~q~WZY\sZ[l¹mosp[¡ybac[~YzkSVezp[i[vx[~Y\SV[lpqv[a±osZecY\mzpWZY\a^moSVeXl´¿pspSVUXsacdxybSVmoWpzZ[ceXyVmoa^Uc[µxkSV½c[c¿´oWkq\s¤ac¥sZ[l¤a¬x[~Y\eXl«meXWpqtspSblZU`mosZ[ybac[~YzkSVezp[°Sb¥a^m¥a¹spSVUXs«xecm[ljmoSbacyTaclpz[a^Yomosk¡meÏUcYoeXWplpz¦mosZYoeXWZUXsmosp[µybac[~Y¾zpSVezZ[ ]` sZ[ceXyVmoa^Uc[`xkSb½c[±q~acWp[¾apYtSV[~g©oxkSV½c[±Sbl¸mosZ[ybaco[~Y£eXWZmxkWZmTxe¯©[~Y¿jmeoWpq\s±a¥spSVUXsyV[~c[yZmoska^m¢mosZ[ybac[~Y£eXWpmxkWZmTgacqv[~m©Sb¢zZ[mY\e¯ªc[z 9 6 *];»]-. mosZ[~YeXWpY\qv[¥ecg©ceXyVmoa^Uc[±xkSb½c[¥a^Yo[lZeXSbª«ybac[~Yq~WZY\Yo[lnm\WZxpxkybSb[ ]­ l¤ecY\zZ[~Y¥me¹xpYo[~c[ljm _ yac[~YzpSbezZ[¹q~WZY\Yo[lnm\WZxpxkybSb[°d¾Wpm[zZ[oSbUXlZ[z me¸xpYoecm[qvm±mosZ[zpSVezZ[`g¶Y\eXdfceXyVmoa^Uc[ÏoxkSV½c[~¿©aclpzUcYoeXWklpz¹mY\a^xkospeXWpybz¬[Wk[z¬sZ[l`©ecYo½SlZU¾zkSVYo[qvmoyVªeXlmosZ[¥ybac[~YoWpqts¹acsZ[l`[~mmoSlZUWZxalp[~ ybac[~YzkSVezp[Sl¹SVmodeXWpljm ]

sZ[da ecYµzZY\a¯kacq\½me WpoSblZU¤ka^Y\[ybac[~Y±zkSVezp[Èg¶ecY±a^meXd±Sbq¹xksjª\Sbq~SbÈmosZ[Yo[yba^moSVc[yVªyba^Y\Uc[ybac[~YybSblp[~SbzZmos zpWZ[`me¸mosZ[¹odacyy©\S Ð [aclpz|yVe klZ[o[`ecgimosZ[Sbljm[~Y\lpacyzpSVezZ[`q~aSVmwª ] skSbybac[~Y¬ybSblZ[~SbzZmos q~acl [Wpx me [~c[~Ytacy 6~ÊcÊXÍÏÎÐc] ­ l aczpzpSVmoSVeXl´¿mosZ[Ïybac[~Yµq~acl ybac[ÏeXl[~c[~YtacyyVeXlZUXSVmoWkzpSblpacy£dezZ[a^ma¤moSbd[c¿²e¤mospa^mmosZ[`mecmoacyeXWZmxWZm¾ox®[qvmYtWpdrq~acl qveXlpoSbom°ecgaqveXd¡ ecg[~c[~Ytacy 6~ÊcÊXÍÏÎÐ SbzZ[dezZ[¬[~xka^Y\a^m[z ª a^®eXWpm *^ÊÎÐ WplpzZ[~Y¬acl [ljc[yVecx[xaclplpSblZU[~c[~Ytacy´lpaclZeXd[~mY\[ ]

¸Å125&( + +$Ç 2 : 4 25&/4­ l ecY\zZ[~YmeeckmoacSbl aoSblpUXyV[¹dezp[c¿lpa^YoY\e¯ ybSblp[~SbzZmos eXWZmxkWZmÈgYo[hWZ[lpqvª x[qvmY\WpdrgYoeXdfaybaco[~Y°zpSVezZ[SVmSxeXooSVyV[°me«Wp[mosp[µybac[~Y°zpSVezZ[acmosZ[µUXacSbl¦d[zpSbWpd Sbl¦acl¸[vm[~Y\lpacy²yac[~Yq~a¯SVm¼ª«skaSblZUµskSVUXsZ[~Yig¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvªÏ[yV[qvmoSVSVmwª ] spSbSa`oSVmoWka^moSVeXlsZ[~Yo[¾mosZ[¾\Wpoqv[~xpmoSVSbybSVm¼ªµecgmosZ[ybaco[~YzkSVezp[¡me¹[vm[~Y\lpacy³ecxpmoSbq~acyTg[~[zZkacq\½[qveXd[¥aclaczZ^aclnmoa^Uc[c¿ acmosZ[ÈYo[ p[qvm[zybSVUXsjmgYoeXd mosZ[¡g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvª`[yV[qvmoSbc[[yV[d[ljmacqvmomeµ[~[z¹mosZ[eX\q~Sbybyba^moSVeXl`ecg³mosZ[¡yac[~YzpSVezZ[ ]

sZ[xkYo[[lpqv[ecgpmosZ[zpSVezZ[²Sbljm[~Y\lpacyq~aSVmwª°dezp[³S zZ[~mY\Sd[lnmoacyjmemosZ[Wk[ecgkmosZ[©zkSVezp[²SblmosZ[¥[vm[~Y\lpacy q~aSVmwª¹qveXlZpUXWpY\a^moSVeXl¿pacmosp[Sblnm[~Ytlpacyq~aSVmwª¹dezZ[qveXdx[~m[¥Sbmos`mosZ[¥[vm[~Ytlpacyq~a¯SVm¼ª¦dezZ[ ] eÏa¯ceXSbz¦moskSbxpY\eckyV[d·SVm¾Sb¥xeXooSbkyV[meUXSbc[µmosZ[µeXWZmxkWZm¡gacqv[~m¾ecgmosZ[µyac[~YzpSbezZ[µaclacljmoS¨u»Yo[ k[qvmoSVeXl qveXa^moSlZUZ¿£aclpzsZ[lpqv[¬[ybSbdSblka^m[mosZ[µSlnm[~Y\lkacy²q~aSVm¼ª dezZ[ ]Ï­ gSVm¾SblZecm°xeXooSVkyb[meÏecpmoacSl¦aclaclnmoS¨u»Y\[ p[qvmoSVeXlqveXa^m[z|ybac[~Y°zkSVezp[±SVm¡Sb°moSbyby£x®eX\oSVkyV[me¤Wp[±mosZ[zpSbezZ[ÈSbl¤acl«[vm[~Ytlpacy¢q~aSVmwªqveXlZkUXWZY\a^moSVeXl¿acybeXlZU¬ac¡q~a^Yo[Sbimoa^½c[l¸me¹da^moq\s¸mosZ[[vm[~Ytlpacyq~a¯SVm¼ª dezZ[ÏSVmos|eXlZ[«ecg¥mosZ[¤Sbljm[~Y\lpacyq~a¯Sbmwª dezZ[ ] ) sZ[l mospSbµda^moq\skSblZU qveXlpzpSVmoSVeXl Sbacq~qveXdxybSbosZ[z mosZ[¸yac[~Y¹Sbybyecx[~Y\a^m[¸oSblZUXyb[«dezZ[¤eXl mosZ[¤gYo[hWZ[lpqvª o[~m¹jª mosZ[[vm[~Ytlpacyq~a¯SVm¼ª ] iÈmosZ[`Yo[eXlkaclpqv[`g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvª¦ecgmosZ[`[vm[~Y\lpacyq~aSVm¼ªSbÈacyVm[~Y\[z mosZ[¹Sblnm[~Ytlpacyq~a¯SbmwªYo[oeXlpaclpqv[±gYo[hWZ[lpqvªecgmosZ[¬dezp[[SblZUWpo[z¦d¾Wpm¡acyboe[±acyVm[~Yo[z¦jªmosp[µoacd[¬acdeXWpljm~¿ecmosZ[~Y\Sb[mosZ[[vm[~Y\lpacyq~a¯SVm¼ªµdezZ[SbybyZUceÈeXWZm©ecg´Yo[oeXlpaclpqv[iSVmosmosp[iSbljm[~Y\lpacy®q~aSVm¼ªµdezZ[aclpz¾mosZ[ybac[~YTSybyXsZecx¾me¥aclZecmosZ[~Y£Sbljm[~Y\lpacyjq~aSVmwªÈdezZ[ ]³ sZ[Sbljm[~Y\lpacyq~aSVm¼ª°dezZ[©g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvªSbWkoWpacybyVªµacyVm[~Yo[z¹ªµacz WpmoSlZUÈmosZ[ybac[~YzpSbezZ[¥q~WZY\Yo[lnm~¿pacmospSbspacspSbUXsZ[~YkaclpzZSbzZmosµmospaclacyVm[~YtSblZU`mosZ[±ybaco[~Y¥g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvª«ªÏacz WpmoSblpU¬mosp[ybac[~Y¡zpSbezZ[¾m[dx[~Y\a^moWZY\[ ] spSbSb½lZe¯lacq~WZY\Yo[lnmg[~[zZgecYoa^Y\z ]

ac[~YTzpSVezZ[´spa¯c[spSVUXs¡UXacSbl¡aclkzeayVeXoªecxpmoSq~acyX[yV[d[ljm \Wpq\s°ac aYo[ p[qvmoSVc[©zpS¨§Y\acqvmoSVeXl

Page 19: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

6 Ò

(a)

GratingRetroreflectedBeam

(b)

Output

GratingRetroreflectedBeam

Mirror

Output

TSVUXWZY\[ º] 6 Yta^moSblZU qveXlZpUXWpY\a^moSVeXlp ] a SVmmY\e¯·qveXlZpUXWpY\a^moSVeXl ] Y\a Ð SblZU|Sblkq~SbzZ[lpqv[qveXlZkUXWZY\a^moSVeXl ]

UcY\a^moSlZU¾q~acl¬[Wk[zµacmosp[[vm[~Y\lpacy®q~aSVmwª¬dSVYoY\ecY ]¢ eÈqveXlZpUXWpY\a^moSVeXlp©a^Yo[qveXddeXlpyVªWk[zgecYecxkmoSbq~acy g[~[zZkacq\½WpoSlZU±a±zkS¨§®YtacqvmoSVeXlUcY\a^moSlZU mosZ[ SVmmYoe aclpzmosZ[¾UcY\a Ð SblZU¬Sblpq~SbzZ[lkqv[¥ecY SVmmodaclqveXlZkUXWZY\a^moSVeXlp ]a> a>@= $'J L L"2 gH"26L_J !­ l¤mosZ[ SVmmY\e¯ qveXlZpUXWpY\a^moSVeXl¤mosZ[aclZUXyV[ecgSblpq~SzZ[lpqv[Èaclpz¤zpS¨§Y\acqvmoSVeXl¤a^Yo[[hWpacy 9 6 ;»]È spa^mSb¿²mosZ[¹pYtmÈecY\zZ[~YzpS¨§Y\acqvm[z [acd Sb¾Yo[~mY\ecYo[ p[qvm[z acqo½ eXlnme¦mosZ[ybac[~YzpSbezZ[`aclpz|[~[zkmosZ[ybaco[~YeXoq~Sybyba^moSVeXl ] sZ[ Ð [~Yoecmos¤ecY\zp[~Y[acd Yo[ p[qvm[z¤e^§mosZ[°UcYta^moSblZU`SbWp[z«acmosZ[¾yac[~YeXWZmxWZm ] zpSba^UcY\acd ecg³mosZ[ SVmmYoe qveXlZpUXWZYta^moSVeXlSbospe¯lSl ³SbUXWZYo[ º] 6 a t]

sZ[ac[yb[lZUcmos¹ecg´mosZ[Yo[~mY\ecYo[ p[qvm[z`[acd¹¿ ¿ZSb©UXSVc[l¬ªmosZ[¥zpS¨§Y\acqvmoSVeXlµUcY\a^moSblZU¾[hWpaumoSVeXl

d º oSbl º] 6¯sp[~Yo[ SmosZ[¡xkacq~SlZUÈ®[~m¼[~[lÏybSblZ[eXlmosZ[UcY\a^moSblpUaclpz SbmosZ[aclZUXyV[ecgTSblpq~SzZ[lpqv[ ]

­ mq~acl±[[~[lmoska^macz WpmoSblpU¥mosZ[aclZUXyV[ecgSlpq~SbzZ[lpqv[ecgmosp[[acd eXljme¡mosZ[UcYta^moSblZU°acybm[~Y\mosZ[¡g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvª¬ecg³mosZ[Yo[~mYoecY\[ p[qvm[z[acd aclpzsZ[lpqv[¥mosZ[gYo[hWZ[lpqvª¬ecg mosp[¡ybac[~Y ]

sZ[UcY\a^moSblZU°spac¢mw©e°aclpUXWpyba^Y£zZ[~UcYo[~[ecg®g¶Yo[~[zpeXd¹¿nYoecmoa^moSbeXl±SblÈmosZ[specY\S Ð eXljmoacypaclpzc[~YomoSq~acyzpSbYo[qvmoSVeXlp ]© sZ[¥c[~YomoSq~acy acybSVUXlkd[lnmecg³mosp[UcY\a^moSblZUµSbacz Wpm[zmeecxpmoSbdS[¥mosZ[ecxpmoSq~acy´g[~[zukacq\½«Slnme¬mosZ[ybac[~Y¥zpSVezZ[ ]¥ spSSbacq~qveXdxybSbosZ[zϪÏlZecmoSblpUµmospa^mmosZ[ÈmosZY\[osZeXybz«ybac[~Y¥zpSVezZ[q~WZY\Yo[lnma^mskSbq\s ybacoSlZUeq~q~WZY\zZ[qvY\[ac[sZ[lmosZ[`ecxpmoSq~acyg¶[~[zZacqo½g¶YoeXd mosZ[`UcY\a^moSlZUSbecxpmoSdSb[z ] x[~Y\Sbd[ljmoacybyVª°mosZ[xeXoSbmoSVeXlecgecxpmoSbd¾Wpd c[~Y\moSbq~acykUcYta^moSblZU°acySVUXlpd[ljm²Sb¢geXWplpz±jªYo[zkWpq~SblZUmosp[°ybac[~YzpSVezZ[q~WZY\Yo[lnmme Wpm®[ybe¯ mospYo[osZeXybzÏaclpzmosp[lÏa^xpxyVªSlZUa±oq~aclÏme¬mosZ[ybaco[~Yq~WZYoYo[ljme±mospa^mmosZ[¡yac[~Yoq~aclp Wkma^e¯c[¡mospYo[osZeXybz ]T sZ[mY\aclp\SVmoSVeXl`gYoeXd lZeXluwyacoSblZUmeybac\SblZU±[spa¯SbeXWZYiSec[~Yoc[z«jªÏxkybacq~SblpUµa¬xksZecmezpSVezZ[°SlmosZ[ÈeXWZmxWZm[acd ecg²mosp[Èyac[~YaclpzyVeec½SlZU¹g¶ecYÈa«ospa^Yox¦SlpqvYo[ac[¬Sbl¸mosZ[µecxpmoSbq~acyxe¯©[~Y°c[~Y\\Wp¡q~WZY\Yo[lnm¾q~WZYoc[¬ac°mosp[µzpSVezZ[[~UXSblpmeÏybac[ ] sZ[c[~YomoSq~acy¢UcY\a^moSblZUacySVUXlpd[ljmSbmosZ[l¸acz Wpom[z¤meYo[zpWpqv[mosp[q~WZYoYo[ljma^mskSbq\s`mosZ[°zpSVezZ[¥ybac[me±a±dSblpSbd¾Wpd ]

sZ[¥sZecY\S Ð eXljmoacyUcY\a^moSblZUacybSbUXlpd[ljmqveXljmYoeXybmosp[¥©a¯c[yV[lZUcmosa^mskSbq\s¬mosZ[ybaco[~Yecx®[~Yta^m[ ] sp[²[vm[~Y\lpacyq~aSVmwª¾yV[lZUcmos¾Sb³acyVm[~Yo[z°e¯c[~Y£odacyyXY\aclZUc[TWp\SblZUaxkSV[ Ð e[yV[qvmY\Sbq©acqvmoWpa^mecYÉ 0 a^mmoacqtsZ[z¦me¹mosp[UcY\a^moSblZU¹deXWpljm ] sZ[ybac[~Yq~acl¸®[ÈmoWplp[zÏec[~Y°a`Y\aclpUc[ecg 6~Ê u º^ÊÎÐ spSbyV[Yo[d±acSblpSblZU`oSblpUXyV[°dezZ[WpoSlZUµmosp[ÈÉ 0 SVmos«g[~[zZg¶ecY\©a^Y\z¤me¹mosp[Èyac[~Yq~WZYoYo[ljm ] a^YoUc[~Y¥gYo[vuhWZ[lpqvª«acz Wkmod[ljmo~¿ WZx¤me 6~ÎÐ ecY¥UcYo[a^m[~Y¿³q~acl[°ecpmoacSlZ[z¤jª«daclWpacybyVªacz WpomoSblZU¬mosZ[sZecYtS Ð eXlnmoacy acybSVUXlpd[ljmecg³mosZ[UcY\a^moSblpUWpoSblZUaclÏacz Wkmod[ljmoqvYo[~ ]iybyecg³mosZ[¡yac[~Y\q~WZY\Yo[lnmoybª¬Sbl¹Wk[Sbl`eXWZY[vx[~Y\Sbd[lnmWp[¥mosp[ SVmmY\e¯ UcYta^moSblZUqveXlZpUXWpY\au

moSVeXl ]

Page 20: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

64)

a> a> ""J ^J 5D \D ! pH" L_J/ !­ lmosp[¡UcY\a Ð SblpUµSblpq~SzZ[lpqv[c¿kecY Sbmmodacl¿qveXlppUXWZY\a^moSVeXlÏmosZ[¾aclZUXyV[¡ecgSblpq~SbzZ[lkqv[Sbq~ybeX[¡me 7^Ê/] sp[pY\m¥ecY\zp[~YzpS¨§Y\acqvm[z[acd·Sb¥zpSbYo[qvm[zeXljmeÏa¹dSVY\YoecYaclpz¸Sbmosp[lYo[~mYoecYo[ k[qvm[z¸eXljmemosZ[°UcY\a^moSblZU`aclpzÏzpS¨§Y\acqvm[zkacq\½Sbljme±mosZ[¾ybac[~YzpSVezZ[meµxpYoe¯SbzZ[°mosZ[¡ecxkmoSbq~acy´g[~[zZkacq\½ ]i sZ[ybSbUXsnmYo[~mY\ecYo[ p[qvm[z me¦mosZ[ybac[~YµzpSVezZ[`mosjWpxkaco[mospYoeXWZUXs|mosZ[¹UcYta^moSblZU¸m¼Sbqv[aclpz|sp[lpqv[mosZ[°UcY\a^moSblZU±UXSVc[m¼Sbqv[¡mosp[¡gYo[hjWp[lpqvª¬o[yV[qvmoSVSVmwª`ecg¢mosZ[ SVmmYoe qveXlZpUXWpY\a^moSVeXl ] sZ[ Ð [~Y\ecmosecY\zp[~YzpS¨§Y\acqvm[z±®[acd e^§mosZ[UcYta^moSblZU°S£Wp[zµac²mosZ[ybac[~Y²eXWpmxkWZm ] zpSba^UcY\acd ecgmosZ[UcY\a Ð SlZUSblkq~SbzZ[lpqv[¥qveXlZpUXWpY\a^moSVeXlSb\sZe¯lSbl TSVUXWZYo[ º] 6 t]

­ l mosZ[UcY\a Ð SlZU Sblkq~SbzZ[lpqv[qveXlZkUXWZY\a^moSVeXl mosZ[[vm[~Y\lpacyiq~aSVm¼ª g¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvª S±acz Wpm[z jªacyVm[~YtSblZU¬mosZ[¾specY\S Ð eXljmoacy¢aclpzc[~Y\moSbq~acy¢acybSVUXlpd[lnmiecg£mosZ[ÈYo[~mYoecY\[ p[qvmoSVeXl¤dSVYoY\ecY ]i spSbispacimosZ[aczZ^acljmoa^Uc[µec[~Y°mosZ[ SVmmYoe qveXlZpUXWpY\a^moSVeXlmospa^m¡mosZ[UcY\a^moSblZUÏSbmoa^moSVeXlka^Yoª«a^m¾acybyTmoSbd[¡aclpzsZ[lkqv[°mosZ[°eXWZmxkWZm[acd ecg¢mosZ[Èybac[~YiacyVaªxeXSbljmoSlmosZ[Èoacd[¾zpSVYo[qvmoSVeXl ]­ l«qveXlnmYtacm~¿mosZ[aclZUXyb[ecgmosZ[eXWZmxkWZmT[acd ecg®mosZ[ SVmmY\e¯ qveXlZkUXWZY\a^moSVeXlyac[~Y£acyVm[~Y\£ac²mosZ[sZecY\S Ð eXlnmoacyUcY\a^moSlZUaclZUXyb[S©acz Wpom[z¿spSbqtsµd¾Wpm[iqvecY\Yo[qvm[z¹gecYWkoSblZUÈdSVYoY\ecY\a^gm[~YmosZ[¥ybac[~Yme[lp\WZYo[imospa^mmosZ[°ybac[~YqveXljmoSblWZ[mexeXSbljma^mmosZ[oacd[xkybacqv[ ]

a> a>( %,"@J D (, !gL5D gH $ ) J $ $]J/ !ÉsZecmeXlpox®eXljmoaclZ[~eXWp\yVª±[dSbmm[zSVmoskSbl±mosp[¡ybac[~YzkSVezp[Slnmemosp[Sblnm[~Ytlpacyq~aSVmwªdezZ[Sbyby[°acdxkybSVp[z[~c[lÏSVg¢mosp[~ªa^Yo[¾lpecmYo[eXlkaclnmiSVmosmosZ[¡[vm[~Y\lpacy³q~aSVmwª«dezZ[ ] spSbSb½lZelacdxybSVp[z xeXljmoaclZ[~eXWp dSbooSbeXl` t]n sZ[eXWZmxWZm¢g¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvª¾x[qvmY\Wkd ecgacl±[vm[~Ytlpacyq~a¯SVm¼ª¸zpSVezZ[ybac[~Y¡ecx®[~Yta^moSblZUeXl¸aÏoSblZUXyb[¾[vm[~Y\lpacyq~aSVmwª¸dezZ[µsZ[lpqv[±qveXlp\Sbmo¥ecgamY\eXlZUqveXsZ[~Y\[lnmÈxkSV½c[µg¶ecY¾mosZ[µ[vm[~Y\lkacyq~a¯SVm¼ª dezZ[¬aclpz¦a«qveXd¡ecg©[a^½ dezZ[¾[~xka^Yta^m[zª±mosZ[Slnm[~Y\lkacyq~a¯SVm¼ª¹dezp[oxkacq~SblZU ] TSVUXWZYo[ º]̺ ospe¯mosZ[eXWZmxWZmx[qvmY\Wpd ecg mosp[¥Ò 7 lkdybaco[~Y¿²zZ[deXlkmY\a^moSblZU«mospSb¾[spa¯SVeXWpY ]¸ sZ[¹ybac[~YSb Wpm¾[yVe¯ ybacoSlZUÏmospYo[osZeXybz´¿¢SVmos mosZ[dezZ[SblkzpSbq~a^m[z`ªµmosZ[°a^YoYoe¯ ®[SlZUa^®eXWpmme±ybac[ ]

TSVUXWZY\[ º]̺3 . WZmxkWZm ox®[qvmYtWpdÆecgkÒ 7 lpd ybaco[~Y zpSVezZ[ ] ac[~YTSb Wpm ®[ybe¯mosZYo[osZeXyz¿SblkzpSbq~a^m[zdezZ[Sba^®eXWpmme±ybac[ ]

sZ[±xpY\[[lpqv[±ecgmosp[! dezZ[¾q~acl ®[±xka^YomoSbq~Wpya^Y\yVªÏska^Y\dgWpy£Sbl¦mosZ[µSVeXl¦mY\a^xg¶ecY°mosZ[ybaco[~Y\Wp[z¬meqveeXymosZ[¥SVeXlpaclpz¬xpYoeSzZ[mosp[kWZecYo[oqv[lkqv[imeec[~Yoc[¥mosZ[¥SVeXlp¿S ] [ ] mosp[dacSblmY\aclkoSVmoSVeXla^mÒ 7 lpd aclpzmosZ[Yo[~xkWpdxkSblZUmY\aclp\SVmoSVeXla^m ,** lpd ] ZecY©[±q~SV[ljm _ ecxpxkyb[~Y²qvejeXySblZUmosZ[`SVeXllZ[~[zp°me«\q~a^mm[~YecgmosZ[±ecYtzZ[~YÈecg 6~Ê s xkspecmeXlp¡x[~YÈ[qveXlpz¿¢S ] [ ] mosZ[ ) i l me ) i lmY\aclkoSVmoSVeXlµosZeXWpybz±[q~yVeX[imeÈoa^moWZY\a^moSVeXl¬aclpzµmosZ[iYo[~xkWpdxSblZU¥mY\aclp\SVmoSVeXl±a^m ,** lpd ospeXWpybz[©[ybya^e¯c[¡\a^moWZY\a^moSVeXl¹meY\[~xkWpdx¹[±q~Sb[lnmoyVª ]£ sZ[¥xpYo[[lkqv[¥ecg d[aclkmospa^mmosZ[~Yo[SmosZ[

Page 21: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

6

qtspaclpqv[¥mospa^mmosZ[eXWZmxkWpmecg´mosp[¥Ò 7 lkd ybac[~YqveXlnmoacSlpaÈodacyby®acdeXWpljmecg ybSVUXsjma^mÒ 7 Ò^lkd¹¿ZS ] [ ]mosZ[°©a¯c[yV[lZUcmosÏecg¢mosZ[ ) i l me ) n l mY\aclkoSVmoSVeXl ] SbdSyba^Y\yVªc¿mosZ[eXWpmxkWZmecg¢mosZ[ ,** lpd yac[~Yda¯ªqveXlnmoacSlaod±acyby´acdeXWpljmecg¢ybSVUXsjma^m ,^Ê lkd¹¿S ] [ ] mosZ[ac[yV[lpUcmosecgTmosZ[°Ò n l me ) n lmY\aclkoSVmoSVeXl ] sZ[±xpY\[[lpqv[¬ecgybSVUXsjm¡eXl [SVmosZ[~Y¾ecgmosZ[[¬mY\aclpoSVmoSbeXlpSyby¢½Sbyby¢mosZ[!kWZecYo[\qv[lpqv[oSlpqv[¡eXlpqv[¾mosZ[¾SVeXlYo[acqtsZ[mosZ[ ) n l yV[~c[y³SVmq~acl¤zZ[q~aªmeµmosZ[¾d[~moacmoa^kyb[ÈÒ q l yV[~c[y³aclpzYo[d±acSbl mosp[~Yo[ÏgecY`a^®eXWpmµa[qveXlpz ] spSb®[skaSVeXWZY¬©ac¬eck[~Y\c[z Sbmos mosZ[ a Ò 7 lkdybaco[~Y 9 6 Ò¿ 6 , ;»]

­ lecY\zZ[~Y¾me¤xpYo[~c[ljm°mosZ[ ybSVUXsjm¡gYoeXd Yo[acq\spSlZUÏmosp[¬SVeXlacl[vmYtaÏUcYta^moSblZU¤Sb°lp[~[zZ[z[~mw©[~[lÏmosZ[¡ybac[~Yaclpz¹mosZ[¡SbeXl ] sp[¥xka^mosyV[lpUcmos¹[~mw©[~[lmosZ[UcYta^moSblZU±aclpzaclSVY\Sa^g¶m[~YmosZ[UcY\a^moSlZU±lZ[~[zpme[ybeXlZU[lZeXWZUXsg¶ecYmosp[qveXdxeXlZ[lnmoa^mÒ 7 lpd aclpzÒ 7 Ò^lpd me¬[~xka^Y\a^m[ ]

à4 2E& 4"2E 4a> (a>@= ( #( $]B5D'" %5J/ "$ D " sp[ÏÒ 7 Ò^lpd ybac[~Y±Sbµa¸qveXdd[~Ytq~Sbacyªm[d xkWZY\qtspac[z|gYoeXd ecxpmoSq~a¿©gecY\d[~YtyVª WpS . xpmoSbq~ ] sp[¾ybaco[~YizpSbezZ[°Sba d ) SbqtspSba a ybaco[~YizpSbezZ[ ]i sZ[°[yV[qvmYoeXlpSbq~iYo[hWpSVY\[zme`zZY\SVc[°mosZ[ybaco[~Y¾a^Yo[¬Sblpq~ybWkzZ[zSbl¸mosp[µybac[~YȪm[d aclpz¦qveXlp\Sbm¡ecga _ 6~ÊcÊ q~WZYoYo[ljm¡oWpxpxkyVª¤dezpWpyV[c¿_% 6~ÊcÊ UcY\a^moSblZU«oq~acl¦qveXljmYoeXy©dezpWpyV[c¿ É ­Ã_ 6~ÊcÊ g[~[zZkacqo½¦Yo[~UXWpyba^mecY¾dezkWpyV[aclpz _ 6~ÊcÊm[dx[~Y\a^moWpYo[qveXljmYoeXybyV[~Y²dezpWkyV[ ] ­ laczpzpSbmoSVeXlÈme¡qveXljmYoeXypecgmosZ[yac[~Y²q~WZYoY\[lnm¢Sba¥mosZ[ _ 6~ÊcÊdezpWpyb[©mosp[~Yo[Sb¢a ² q~SVYtq~WpSVm¢a^mmoacq\sZ[z`zpSbYo[qvmoyVª¡me¡mosZ[ybac[~YzpSVezZ[c¿cSVmosa+ qveXlplZ[qvmecYeXl°mosZ[²ybaco[~Y³dezpWpyb[¢meacybyVe acq~qv[o³memospSb q~SbY\q~WpSVm ] sZ[ q~SVY\q~WkSVm acybyVe´gacm³dezkWpyba^moSVeXlecg¢mosZ[¾ybac[~Yiq~WZYoYo[ljm~¿WZxÏmeµa±kaclpzZSzZmos`ecg cÍÎÐc] sp[xpYoecm[qvmoSVeXlÏ[yV[qvmYoeXlkSbq~ecg¢mosZ[ _ dezpWpyb[ySbdSVm©mosZ[¡q~WZY\Yo[lnmdezpWkyba^moSVeXl¬g¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvªµme 6~ÊcÊ ½ ÎÐ SbaÈmospSbxa^mos ]

sZ[mwªxkSbq~acyybac[~Yecx[~Y\a^moSblpU¾q~WZY\Yo[lnmSb ) * d aclpz¬mosZ[ecx[~Y\a^moSblZUÈm[dx[~Y\a^moWpYo[¥Sb 6 ,] 7 ]a> (a> ( - "@J "$ D " sp[ybac[~Y¢ªm[d Wp[z°mexpYoe¯SbzZ[©ybSVUXsjm a^m¢Ò 7 lpd spacTq\spaclpUc[z°ec[~Y¢mosZ[qveXWZY\[©ecgpmosZ[©xpYoe [qvm ] sp[SlpSVmoSbacyjªom[d Wp[zÈac¢agYo[hWZ[lpqvª¾zZeXWZkyV[z¾dacm[~Youwoybac[zpSVezZ[ybaco[~Y£ªom[d ecx®[~Yta^moSblZUa^m) 7) lpd ] spSªm[d ©aciYo[~xybacqv[z¤a^mmosZ[Èmoa^Yomecg º^ÊcÊXº sp[lmosZ[Èoyba¯c[¾zkSVezp[°ybac[~Yiaczpacd±a^Uc[z¤sZ[l«a¬lp[~ q~WpYoYo[ljmioWpxpxkyVª¬©ac¥Wk[zme¹zZYtSVc[°mosp[¾ybaco[~YzkSVezp[ ]i sp[¾ªm[d acYo[~xybacqv[z¹SVmos¹a d ) WpyVmY\au»SVeXyV[~m Sbq\spSaybac[~YzpSbezZ[¥ªm[d xWZY\q\skac[z¹gYoeXd ecxpmoSbq~a ]

- - $ " '2 !'(/ & . /­ lpSVmoSbacyyVª¡a¥dacm[~Youwoybac[iªm[d ecx[~Y\a^moSblZUa^m 7) lpd ac¢gYo[hjWp[lpqvª¾zpeXWZkyV[zÈWpoSlZU¥a S . nqvYoªmoacy³me`xpYoeSbzp[ 6~ÊcÊ º^ÊcÊ) ecgÒ 7 lpd ySVUXsnma^mmosZ[ÈSVeXl«mY\a^x ]¥ sZ[ÈzZ[~moacSbybecg²moskSbyac[~Yªm[d a^Yo[zZ[oqvY\Sb®[zµSbl 9 617 ;»]¢­ lµecY\zZ[~YmeÈSblpqvYo[aco[mosZ[acdeXWpljm©ecg´xe¯©[~Y©eckmoacSblZ[z¬a^mÒ 7 lkdgYoeXd mosZ[¥gYo[hWZ[lpqvª¬zZeXWZkybSlZU¾qvY\ªmoacy»¿pSVm©aclZ[qv[ooa^Yoª¬mexkyacqv[¥mosZ[qvYoªmoacySbl¹aÈY\SblpUÈq~a¯SbmwªSbmosµa°klZ[oo[ecg 64)XÊ]² sZ[iq~a¯Sbmwªµyb[lZUcmosµskacz±meÈ[moa^yV[meÈecg´mosZ[iecY\zZ[~Y©ecg´mosZ[iac[yV[lZUcmosecgmosZ[¬SblZxkWpmybSVUXsjm¡zpSVSbzZ[z¤ªmosZ[µq~a¯Sbmwª¸klp[o[c¿TSbl¸ecmosZ[~Y¾©ecY\zp¡a^eXWZm lpd¹¿TSblecY\zp[~Y°gecYmosZ[q~aSVm¼ª±me¾Yo[dacSbl±eXlµY\[eXlpaclpqv[iSVmos±mosZ[iSlpq~SbzZ[ljm²ybac[~YybSVUXsjm ]¢ spSb£©acacq~qveXdxkySbosZ[zµjªa^mmoacqtspSblZUÏeXlZ[ecgmosZ[q~aSVmwª¸d±SVYoYoecY\meÏa`xkSV[ Ð e[yV[qvmY\SbqÈmY\aclkozpWpqv[~Y¡aclkz¸acqvmoSVc[yVªmoa^kSybSboSblpUmosZ[°q~aSVmwª¹yV[lZUcmosWpoSblZUa Îaclpoqtsuà ©eXWpSybybacWpz`yVeqo½ 9 º^Ê];»] " ' 2 '## 2 0 (# ! 0& "' sZ[[~YoYoecY\SVUXlpacygecYmosZ[¥g¶[~[zpkacqo½yVeecxSbecpmoacSblZ[zWkoSblZUÈmosZ[¡ySVUXsnmmoska^mSbYo[ k[qvm[zgYoeXd mosZ[¡SlZxkWZmdSVY\YoecYme±mosZ[¡q~a¯Sbmwª ] sZ[gYo[hWZ[lpqvª`zZeXWZkybSlZU°qvYoªmoacy´Sq~WZma^mmosZ[+©Yo[~om[~YaclZUXyV[gecY 7) lpd ybSVUXsjm ]£ spSbd[aclpmospa^m

Page 22: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

6 *

R1

R2R3

R4

R5

R6

R7

R8

R9

C1

C2

IC1 IC2

IC3

S1

S3

10k

10k10k

10k

10k

10k

100k

9k1k

560pF

10nFSignal

In

Modulation In

PZT Out

Relock In

TSVUXWZYo[ º] Ò ­ ljm[~UcY\a^mecY eqo½ SVY\q~WkSVm

mosZ[q~a¯SVm¼ª°a^koecYoxpmoSVeXl°g¶ecYTc[~YomoSq~acybyVª¥xeXyba^Y\Sbo[z¡ybSVUXsjmTSb d¾Wpqts¾skSVUXsZ[~Y³mospacl¾mospa^mTg¶ecY¢sZecY\S Ð eXlnmoacybybªxeXyba^Y\S[z¸ybSVUXsjm ]Ï sZ[~Yo[~gecYo[µdeXom°ecgmosZ[¬c[~YomoSbq~acyqveXdxeXlZ[ljm¡ecgmosZ[¬Slpq~SbzZ[ljm¡ybSVUXsjm[acd SbYo[ k[qvm[z`g¶YoeXd mosZ[¥SblpxkWZm²dSbYoYoecY©ecg´mosZ[¥q~aSVmwª ] sZ[sZecY\S Ð eXljmoacybyVªxeXyba^Y\S[zµySVUXsnmmY\aclpod±SVmm[zmeÈmosZ[xksZecmezZ[~m[qvmecYqveXlkoSbmoecg aÈqveXdxeXlZ[ljm©zkSVYo[qvmoyVªY\[ p[qvm[z¬g¶YoeXd mosZ[¥SblpxkWZm²dSbYoYoecYaclpza«qveXdxeXlZ[ljm°mospa^m¾spac°xkaco[z mosZYoeXWZUXs mosZ[¬q~aSVmwª ] sZ[µmY\aclpod±SVmm[z¸gY\acqvmoSVeXl [vx[~Y\Sb[lpqv[axkspac[±\spSVgm¥Yo[yba^moSVc[µmemosZ[Y\[ p[qvm[z¦gY\acqvmoSVeXl¦mospa^m°S Ð [~YoeÏeXl¸Yo[eXlkaclpqv[c¿¢lZ[~UXa^moSVc[±[yVeYo[oeXlpaclpqv[aclpz`xeXoSVmoSbc[ia^e¯c[¥Y\[eXlpaclpqv[ ] xkybSVmmoSblpU¡mosZ[¥ybSVUXsjmqveXdSblZUÈgYoeXd mosZ[¥SblZxWZmdSbYoYoecYecg£mosp[¾q~a¯SVm¼ªSbljme¬SbmoyV[~gmaclkzY\SbUXsnmiq~SVY\q~Wpyba^YxeXyba^Y\Sboa^moSbeXlqveXdxeXlZ[ljmoiaclkzoWZkmY\acqvmoSblZUµeXlZ[gYoeXd mosZ[ecmosZ[~Y²qveXdxeXlZ[ljm£UXSVc[¢mosp[[~YoYoecY²\SVUXlpacy ]T spSb³gecY\d ecgyVeqo½SblZU¥SbT½lZe¯lac Îaclpoqtsu ©eXWkSbybybacWpz¬yVeqo½SblZU 9 º^Ê];»]

sZ[[yV[qvmYoeXlpSqg¶[~[zpkacqo½ªm[d S£aclSbljm[~UcY\a^mecYqveXlnmYoeXyyV[~Y¿nacosZe¯lSbl TSVUXWZY\[ º] Ò ]£ sZ[gWplpqvmoSVeXlkecgmosZ[^a^Y\SVeXWkxka^Yomo¥ecg©mosZ[q~SVY\q~WkSVm¥a^Yo[acgeXybyVe Yo[oSbomecYÑ i aclpz¸q~a^xkacq~SbmecY¾ iacqvm¾acayVe xkaco¥yVm[~YSVmos¸Ò^z' xeXSbljma^m 6ÍÏÎÐ me[ybSbdSlpa^m[spSVUXs¤gYo[hjWp[lpqvª«lpeXSb[gYoeXdmosZ[g[~[zZkacq\½«ybejecx ] Ñ[oSmecY\¥Ñ l aclpzÑ n aclpz¤ecxZuwacdx ­ i acqvm¡aca¬moSbd[ 6~Ê lpeXlpSbljc[~YomoSblZUacdxybSVp[~Y¥gecYmosZ[[~Y\YoecY¡oSVUXlkacy ]± sZ[^a^Y\Sba^yV[Yo[oSbomecY¡Ñ * Sb¡Wp[zmeqveXljmYoeXy²mosZ[±acdeXWpljmecgmosZ[ÈacdxkySVp[zoSbUXlpacy moska^miSbxkacoo[zme`mosZ[¾lZ[vmmoa^Uc[Èecg£mosZ[Èq~SVY\q~WkSVm ] Ñ[oSbmecY\iÑ q aclpz«Ñ r ¿q~a^xkacq~SbmecY¾ l aclpz«ecxZuwacdx ­ l acqvmacmosp[ÈSlnm[~UcY\a^mecY¥xa^Yomecg²mosZ[Èg[~[zZkacqo½¤yVeecx¤mospa^m¥SbimosZ[sZ[a^Y\mecg mosp[¡q~SVY\q~WpSbm ]T sZ[¥moSbd[qveXlpomoaclnmecg³mosp[Sblnm[~UcYta^mecYSbÑ q l%dÊ] 6 d ]

sZ[klpacy[qvmoSVeXlecgmosZ[g¶[~[zZacqo½Èq~SVY\q~WpSVm¢Sb¢a¥WklpSVmwª°UXacSblSbljc[~YomoSblpUiW§®[~Y¢SVmos¾mosZ[gacq~SybSVmwªme±aczkzaclSblZxWZmdezkWpyba^moSVeXl¬ceXyVmoa^Uc[°eXlmosZ[¥eXWZmxWZm ]

spSbTq~SVY\q~WpSbm xpY\e¯SbzZ[¢aoSVUXlpacyme¥mosp[É 0 mospa^m£Sb³mosZ[Slnm[~UcY\acyecg®mosZ[[~YoYoecY£\SVUXlpacye¯c[~YmosZ[Sbljm[~UcY\a^moSVeXlÏmoSbd[ ] ) sZ[lmosp[[~YoYoecYioSVUXlpacy´S Ð [~YoeµmosZ[°oSbUXlpacyme±mosp[°É 0 osZeXWpyzSbl¹xpYtSblpq~SVxkyb[lZecmqtspaclZUc[c¿kS ] [ ] mosp[iÉ 0 osZeXWpybz¬moa¯ªµa^mmosZ[¥oacd[^acybWZ[aclpz¬½c[~[~x¹mosZ[¥q~aSVmwª¬eXl`Yo[eXlkaclpqv[ ]­ l«xpY\acqvmoSbqv[ÈmosZ[~Yo[ÈSba`odacyby e^§[~mceXyVmoa^Uc[eXl¤mosZ[ÈSblnm[~UcYta^mecYecxZuwacdx¤mospa^m¥q~acWp[mosp[¾É 0 oSbUXlpacy²me¤UcYoe [~c[l|a^macl [~Y\YoecYoSVUXlpacyecg Ð [~Yoe ]¸­ l mosZ[¹q~ac[`sZ[~Yo[¬mosZ[`q~aSVmwª Sb¾q~yVeX[`meYo[oeXlpaclpqv[mospSSblZecm±a¤xkYoeckyV[dfac±mosZ[lZ[~UXa^moSVc[Ïg¶[~[zZacqo½ g¶ecYtqv[mosZ[\SVUXlpacykacq\½me¦mosZ[qvecYoY\[qvmacybWp[ ]£Î e[~c[~Y¿ksZ[l¬mosZ[¥q~aSVmwª`Sb©gecY\qv[z¬e^§«Yo[oeXlpaclpqv[jª¬aÈd[q\spaclkSbq~acy®SVkY\a^moSVeXlecg£mosp[¾moa^yV[°ecY¥oSdSbyba^Y[v§[qvm¥mosZ[ÈoSVUXlpacy eXl«mosZ[¾xkSV[ Ð e`q~aclSblpqvYo[ac[°me¹acl«a^xkxpYo[q~Sba^kyb[¡^acybWZ[Sbl`mosp[moSbd[¥moa^½c[lg¶ecYmosZ[¥SbpY\a^moSVeXl`me±zkSV[¥aaª ]

Page 23: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

6

100k

100k

100k

100k100k

100k

100k

100k

220R

68k

47kR1

R3

R2

100k

100k

470k

+15V

1mF

+15V

4.7K

S1

Rectifier Low Pass

Filter

Schmitt Trigger Single Pole Dual Throw Analog SwitchVoltage

Divider

Relock in

³SbUXWZYo[ º]+) ²­ ljm[~UcY\a^mecY!p[~[zZkacqo½ ejecxÏÑ[yVeqo½ SVYtq~WpSVm

sZ[©q~a^xkmoWZYo[Y\aclZUc[ecgpmosZ[q~a¯SVm¼ª¾ybeq\½¡Sb³a^m£deXmTspacyVgpmosZ[©gYo[~[x[qvmY\acyY\aclZUc[©ecgkmosZ[q~aSVmwªc¿ecYia^YoeXWplpz 6 ^ÊXÍÎÐc] spa^miSb~¿ZgYo[hjWp[lpqvª`[vq~WZYtoSVeXlpecg£yb[omospacl 6 ^ÊXÍÎÐ g¶YoeXd axka^YomoSq~Wpyba^Yq~a¯SVm¼ªdezp[¾Sbyby ®[ÈYo[~moWpY\lZ[z«me¹mosZ[oacd[q~a¯Sbmwª¤dezp[¾ª«mosZ[Èg¶[~[zZacqo½¤[yV[qvmYoeXlpSq~ ] ZY\[vuhWZ[lpqvª[vZq~WZY\oSbeXlp¢ecgUcYo[a^m[~Ymospacl 6 ^ÊXÍÎÐ Sbyby Wpdxµme¡mosZ[ilZ[vm©q~aSVmwªµdezp[WZx±ecYzZel ]_ WZ[¾meµmosp[¡[v§[qvmiecg¢mosp[°Sbljm[~UcY\a^mecYecxZuwacdx¤e^§[~mceXybmoa^Uc[¾mosp[°É 0 oSVUXlkacy´SbyyUcYoe¯ SblmosZ[oacd[zpSVYo[qvmoSVeXl¾[acqtsmoSbd[mosZ[q~aSVm¼ª¾SbTgecY\qv[zÈe^§¬Yo[eXlpaclpqv[c¿emospa^m¢mosZ[q~aSVm¼ª°Sybyn[©g¶ecYtqv[zmeÈspSVUXsZ[~Yaclpz±spSbUXsZ[~YiecYyVe¯©[~Yaclpz±yVe[~Y dezZ[²SVmos[acqts`yba^YoUc[x[~YomoWpYoka^moSVeXl ] c[ljmoWpacybyVªmosZ[¾É 0 ceXyVmoa^Uc[¾Yo[acq\sZ[SVmodaZSbd°Wkd ecYdSblpSbd¾Wpd ^acybWZ[¡aclkzeµmosZ[°q~a¯SVm¼ªq~aclplZecmiYo[acqtsa¬gWZYomosZ[~Y¥q~aSVm¼ªÏYo[oeXlpaclpqv[aclpz«Uc[lZ[~Y\a^moSVeXl¤ecgmosZ[Èg¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvªzZeXWZkyb[zÏybSbUXsnmqv[ac[ ] m¥mospSbxeXSbljm¢mosZ[Sbljm[~UcY\a^mecYd°Wkm£[ Ð [~Yoe[zªÈ\sZecYomoSblZUq~a^xacq~SVmecY l emospa^mmosZ[É 0 kSbac¢ceXybmoa^Uc[Yo[~moWpY\lp©me Ð [~Yoe ] mmosZ[¥moa^Yomecg mosp[xpY\e [qvmmospSbspacz¬meÈ[x[~YogecY\d[z¬daclWpacybyVªª SVxpxkSblpUaoSVmoq\seXl¹mosZ[¡Sbljm[~UcY\a^mecY®e¯ ]

&# ' e|eXybc[mospSb¬xpYoeckyb[d a Y\[yVeq\½ q~SVYtq~WpSVm¬©acqveXlkmY\Wpqvm[z me \sZecYomq~SVYtq~WpSVmmosZ[©Sblnm[~UcYta^mecY³q~a^xkacq~SbmecY pYtSV[ pªsZ[l¥mosZ[©a^keXybWZm[²acybWp[¢ecgZmosZ[²É 0 ceXyVmoa^Uc[©[vqv[~[zp[zaµ[~m^acybWZ[c¿®aclpzmosZ[lÏYo[yVeqo½ ] lÏaczpzpSVmoSbeXlpacy´SblZxWZm©aciaczpzZ[zme±mosZ[°Yo[yVeqo½q~SVYtq~WpSVmeµmospa^mmosZ[Yo[yVeqo½ÈqveXWpybzacybe¡®[mY\SbUcUc[~Yo[zªÈa xkWkyb[©g¶YoeXd azpSVUXSVmoacyeXWZmxWZm¢g¶Y\eXd mosZ[qveXdxWZm[~YqveXljmYoeXybybSlZUµmosp[[vx[~Y\Sbd[lnm ]¡ spSbig¶[a^moWpYo[È©acaczkzZ[z«mezZ[acyTSVmos«mosZ[Yo[ya^moSVc[yVªY\a^Y\[Èq~aco[sp[~Yo[¡mosZ[Èq~aSVm¼ªyVeqo½me`aµx®eecYdezZ[°Yo[oWpybmoSblZU±SblÏyVe¯ gYo[hjWp[lpqvªzZeXWZkyb[z¹xe¯©[~YieXWpmxkWZm ]­ l¹xpY\acqvmoSqv[mospSbg[a^moWZYo[¡skaclZecm[~[lWp[zd°Wpqts ]

sZ[¥zZ[~moacSbyb©ecg³mosZ[¥q~SVY\q~WpSVma^Yo[ospe¯l¹Sbl TSVUXWZY\[ º]+)Z]© sZ[xkWZYoxeX[ecg mosp[iY\[yVeq\½µq~SVYtq~WpSVmSbmeÈmoa^½c[acSVmoSblZxkWpm£mosZ[ *" oSbUXlpacykmoska^mS²g[z¬me¾mosp[É 0 aclpzµWklpyVeqo½mosZ[ig[~[zZkacqo½¬yVeecx¬SVgmosZ[°da^UXlpSVmoWpzp[iecgTmospSoSVUXlpacy[vZqv[~[zpaxpYo[zZ[~m[~Y\d±SblZ[z¬acyWZ[c¿kWpoWkacybyVª±[~mme[a^Y\eXWplpz "¾]) sZ[l¹mosZ[¥Y\[yVeq\½¹q~SVY\q~WpSVmacqvmoSV^a^m[aÈY\[z _ SybSVmme±oSVUXlkacymosZ[¥gacqvmmospa^mmosZ[Sbljm[~UcY\a^mecYiSb[SblZU`acWZmeXda^moSq~acybyVªospecYom¥q~SVY\q~WpSVm[z ] ilaczpzpSbmoSVeXlpacy SblZxkWpmSba^acSbyba^yV[°me`mY\SbUcUc[~Y¥mosZ[Yo[ybeq\½¬gYoeXd mosZ[¡qveXljmYoeXy qveXdxkWZm[~Y ] UcYo[~[l ²_ SbybSVmsZ[lamY\SVUcUc[~YxkWpybo[Sb[ljmmeµmospSbSblpxkWZm~¿kme¹oSbUXlpacy moska^mmosZ[ÈSbljm[~UcY\a^mecYSb[SblZUµ\sZecYomq~SVY\q~WpSVm[zjªmosZ[¾qveXdxkWZm[~Y ]¥ sZ[°Yo[yVeqo½q~SVYtq~WpSVmqveXlpoSbomoecgTmosZYo[~[dacSbl[qvmoSVeXlp~¿paczZ[oqvY\Sb®[z¬[yVe ]

sZ[±pYtm¡[qvmoSVeXlecgmosZ[µYo[yVeqo½¦q~SbY\q~WpSVmSb¾aY\[qvmoSVp[~YÈq~SVY\q~WpSVm¡me«qveXljc[~Yom¾mosZ[¬É 0 \SVUXlpacyceXyVmoa^Uc[°me±aÈxeXoSVmoSVc[^acybWZ[ ]£ sp[q~SVY\q~WpSVmWpo[z`g¶ecYmoskSbxkWZYoxeX[Sbmoa^½c[lÏg¶Y\eXd³SbUXWZYo[ )Z]+) ecgÑ[~g ]g9 º 6 ;»]² sZ[q~SVYtq~WpSVm©moa^½c[aclSlZxkWZmoSVUXlkacy®[~m¼[~[l 6 " aclpz¹Yo[~moWZYtlpSVmoa^koeXybWZm[¥^acybWZ[ ]

Page 24: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

6 ,

i³mosZ[q~SVY\q~WpSVm³Sb³acl¾acqvmoSbc[©Y\[qvmoSVp[~YTmosZ[~Yo[Sb³lZeizkSVezp[²ceXyVmoa^Uc[zZY\ecx°eXl¾mosZ[©eXWZmxkWZm ] ZecY£qvecYoY\[qvmecx[~Y\a^moSVeXl¦SVm¥SbYo[hWpSVYo[z¤mospa^m¥mosp[mw©eecxZuwacdxWp[za^Yo[SzZ[lnmoSq~acyTmeaceXSbz¸xpYoeckyV[d±SVmoszpSV§®[~Y\SlZUÈYo[xeXlp[¥moSbd[ ]² sZ[¥Y\[oSbmecY\osZeXWpybz`acyboe[q~yVeX[yVª`da^moq\sp[z¿e±UceXybz¹meXyV[~Y\aclkqv[zYo[\SbmecY\©[~Yo[¡Wk[z`g¶ecYmospSbSbdxkyV[d[ljmoa^moSVeXl ]

sZ[io[qveXlpz`dacSbl¬[qvmoSVeXl¬ecg mosZ[q~SVY\q~WkSVmSb©a q\spd±SVmmmYtSVUcUc[~YSVmos¬a°yVe xkaco©kyVm[~Y©eXl`SVmoSblpxkWZm ]¢ sZ[q~SVYtq~WpSVmWp[z¹gecYmospSbxWZYoxeX[Sbmoa^½c[lgYoeXd TSVUXWZY\[ )Z] *cº ecg³Ñ[~g¶[~Y\[lpqv[ 9 º 6<;»]² spSb[qvmoSbeXl°ecgkmosZ[©q~SbY\q~WpSVm moa^½c[¢acl¾SlZxkWZm´oSbUXlpacyn[~m¼[~[l Ê aclpz 6 " aclpz°eXWZmxkWZmo³aioSVUXlpacyj[~mw©[~[l 6 "¾] ZecYqveXdxka^moSVkSbySVmwªSbmos±mosZ[¥lZ[vmmoa^Uc[¥ecg mosZ[Yo[yVeqo½µq~SbY\q~WpSVmmosZ[zpSVezZ[eXl`mosp[ieXWpmxkWZmecgTmosZ[ q\spd±SVmmmY\SVUcUc[~YxpYo[~c[ljmomosZ[¡ceXyVmoa^Uc[°gYoeXd UceXSlZU[yVe¯ u Ê] *"°]® sZ[¡SlZxkWZmceXyVmoa^Uc[¾memosZ[ qtspdSVmmTmY\SbUcUc[~Y£SbTa^xpxkybSV[z°memosZ[Sbljc[~YomoSblZUSblZxWZm ecgmosZ[ecxZuwacdxaclpzÈSbTzZ[lZecm[z " ]¢ sZ[acqvmoSVeXlecg mosp[ q\skdSVmmmY\SVUcUc[~YzZ[~x[lpzpeXl¹mosZ[¡acybWp[ecgTSbmox®eX\SVmoSVc[aclpzlp[~UXa^moSVc[mosZYo[\sZeXybzceXyVmoa^Uc[¿ " . aclpz " Yo[x[qvmoSVc[yVª ] sZ[[a^Yo[¥UXSbc[lª

d 6Kf i

lf i nf 6Kf n

if n l

sp[~Yo[ Sb°mosZ[µxeXoSbmoSVc[µoWpxpxkyVª¤ceXyVmoa^Uc[ d f 6 " ¿ . Sb¾mosZ[¬x®eX\SVmoSVc[±eXWpmxkWZm¾ceXyVmoa^Uc[ df 6 " aclkz SbmosZ[±lZ[~UXa^moSbc[±eXWZmxkWpm¥ceXyVmoa^Uc[ d u Ê] *" aclpz¸Ñ i ¿³Ñ l aclpz¦Ñ n a^Yo[±ac¡eXl

mosZ[°q~SVY\q~WpSVmzkSba^UcY\acd ] ZecYmosp[¡^acybWZ[ecgTYo[oSmecY\aclpzceXyVmoa^Uc[imospa^ma^Yo[¾q~WZYoYo[ljmoyVª`SblWpo[¥mosZ[mosZY\[osZeXybz`ceXyVmoa^Uc[ia^Yo[ " . d )Z]̺" aclpz " d¥º] *"¾] sp[[¥ceXyVmoa^Uc[izZelZecmspa¯c[me[¥c[~YoªxpY\[q~Sb[ ]

­ l lZecY\dacyecx[~Y\a^moSVeXl ecgmosZ[Sbljm[~UcY\a^mecY¹g[~[zZkacq\½ yVeecx " Sbµyb[o±moskacl " . aclpz mosZ[ qtspdSVmmmYtSVUcUc[~YeXWZmxWZmoaoSVUXlkacyecg f 6 "°] ) sZ[l " Y\Sbo[a^®ec[ " . mosZ[ qtspdSVmmmY\SbUcUc[~YacqvmoSV^a^m[iaclpz¹mosZ[¥eXWZmxWZmSblpUXmemosZ[lZ[~UXa^moSVc[°Y\acSby ¿[SblZUospecYom[z¹meUcYoeXWklpz¹a^m " d uÊ] *" jª¤mosZ[`zpSVezZ[ ]¹ spSb¡q~acWp[¾mosZ[±[~Y\YoecY¾\SVUXlpacy¢me¤zZYoecx me Ð [~YoeZ¿¢spSbq\s¦mosZ[l¦d±a^½c[ " zZY\ecx¹®[ybe¯ " ]² spS©q~acWk[mosZ[ q\spdSbmmmY\SVUcUc[~Yme±oSblZUÈmemosZ[¥xeXoSbmoSVc[Y\acSbyaclpz¹Y\[~moWZY\lme±SbmoecY\SVUXSblkacy f 6 " eXWpmxkWZmmoa^m[ ]© sZ[yVeÆxkacokybm[~YeXl¹mosZ[SblpxkWZm©memosZ[ qtspdSVmmmY\SbUcUc[~Yq~acWpo[mosp[im[~x¬gWplpqvmoSVeXlµzZ[q~aªµecg´mosZ[[~Y\YoecY©\SVUXlpacypsZ[l±mosp[ qtspdSVmmmY\SVUcUc[~YacqvmoSV^a^m[me°[mY\aclkg¶ecYtd[zme¬acl[vxeXlZ[lnmoSacy´zZ[q~aªecg " ] sZ[Y\[oSbmecYiaclpzq~a^xkacq~SbmecY^acybWZ[ecg¢mosZ[°yVexkac\kybm[~Y©[~Yo[¾qtsZeX[l¤eµmospa^mmosp[°moSbd[moa^½c[l¤g¶ecY " meµgacyby g¶YoeXd " . me " Sba^YoeXWklpzÒ Ê d ]² spSbacybybe¯moSbd[¥g¶ecYmosp[¥SVkY\a^moSVeXlp©mospa^mq~acWpo[z¹mosZ[dezZ[¥sZecx[¥mezpSV[¥aaªoemospa^mmosZ[¡g¶[~[zZacqo½¹yVeecxq~aclYo[yVeqo½`me±aq~a¯Sbmwª¹Yo[eXlkaclpqv[ ]

sZ[¡ceXyVmoa^Uc[zkSVSzZ[~YeXlÏmosZ[°eXWpmxkWZmiecg¢mosZ[ q\spdSbmmmY\SVUcUc[~Y¥SbiWp[zÏme¬pY\SblZU±mosZ[°ceXybmoa^Uc[UceXSblpUmemosZ[¥klkacy[qvmoSVeXlecg³mosZ[¡q~SbY\q~WpSVmme[~mw©[~[l¹u Ê] 6 ," aclpz f )Z]+) ,"¾]

sZ[klpacy¢o[qvmoSVeXl¸ecgmosZ[q~SVYtq~WpSVmSbacl¦aclpacyVecUSVmoq\s ]µ spSb¥q~SVYtq~WpSVm¥moa^½c[¾ac¡acl¸SblpxkWZm¥a xkWpyb[Èaclpzq~yVeXo[¥aclpz¤ecx[lpaclpacyVecUSbmoq\sZ[ ]¾ sZ[q\skSVxWp[z«©ac¡a " Sb\spaª $0 SbybSqveXlpS¨_ Ò Ê Ò qveXljmoacSblpSlZUm¼eSblpzZ[~x[lpzp[lnmoyVªzZY\Sbc[loSblZUXyb[£xeXyV[zpWkacyXmosZYoeoSVmoq\sp[ eXl¾SVm ]T spa^mSb¿ja spSVUXs« έo xWpyb[eXl¬xkSbl * 7X ecg mosZ[qtspSVx±ecx[lpmosZ[SVmoqts[~mw©[~[l¬xkSblp º 6ºX aclpzÒZ 6 Ò ¿ i * aclpzq~yVeXo[¥mosZ[Sbmoq\s[~mw©[~[lxkSlp ) 6~Ên aclpz 606¯ ¿ l n t] yVe . xkWpy[eXl¹mosZ[¥xkSbl¹skacmosZ[ecxpxeXoSbm[i[v§[qvm~¿k[ ] U ] . eXlxkSbl * q~yVeXo[ i aclpz¹ecx[lp l ]

sZ[mYtSVUcUc[~YSblZxkWZm²me°eXlZ[ecg´mosp[xkacSbY\£ecg oSVmoq\sp[~¿xkSbl * ¿ac©moa^½c[l¹acmosZ[eXWpmxkWZm²ecg mosZ[ qtspdSVmmmY\SbUcUc[~Y ] Sblpqv[¾mosZ[eXWZmxkWZmecgmosZ[ q\skdSVmmmY\SVUcUc[~YlZecYtdacybyVªxkYoezkWpqv[a έ eXl¤xkSbl* mosp[SVmoqts i Sb¥lZecY\d±acybyVªecx[lsp[l¤mosZ[Yo[yVeqo½¤q~SVY\q~WkSVm¥spaclZecm¥[~[lmY\SbUcUc[~Yo[z ] ) sZ[lmosZ[°É 0 ceXybmoa^Uc[¡Y\Sbo[a^e¯c[¡mosp[mosZYo[ospeXybz`mosZ[ceXyVmoa^Uc[°eXlxkSl * Ucej[ . aclkz i Sbq~yVeXo[z¿ospecYomoSblZUmosp[°Sbljm[~UcY\a^mecY¥q~a^xkacq~SVmecY ] mimosZ[¾oacd[¡moSd[°SVmoq\s \l Sbecx[lZ[z´¿q~acWpoSlZUmosZ[°Yo[z ²_ me±ybSbUXsnm ]

Page 25: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

617

sZ[mYtSVUcUc[~YSblZxkWpm£ecg mosZ[ecmosZ[~YxkacSbY©ecg SVmoqtsZ[©eXl`mosZ[iqtspSVx´¿xkSl 7 ¿Zacmoa^½c[l`meÈa qveXlplp[qvmecYeXlmosZ[`g¶YoeXljmÈxkaclZ[y©ecgmosZ[¹Sbljm[~UcY\a^mecY±ybeq\½¸e ]¦ spSb¾q~acl[¬qveXlplp[qvm[z|me¤mosZ[qveXljmYoeXy³qveXdxkWZm[~YaclpzmYtSVUcUc[~Yo[zÏjªa έ zpSVUXSbmoacy´eXWZmxkWpm ] ixkSbl 7 SbWp\WpacybyVª . oSVmoq\s nSblZecY\dacyyVªµecx[l ] ) sZ[lÏmY\SVUcUc[~Yo[z n q~yVeX[iaclpzÏosZecYomomosZ[°Sbljm[~UcY\a^mecY¥q~a^xkacq~SVmecY¯¿skSbyV[ *ecx[lpaclkzybSVUXsjmomosZ[UcYo[~[l ²_¾]

SVmoq\sp[ i aclpz n a^Yo[qveXlplZ[qvm[zSbl«xka^YtacybyV[y´SVmos[acqtsecmosZ[~Yaclpz«mosZ[daclWpacy³WplpyVeqo½SVmoq\s emosZ[«g¶[~[zZacqo½ ybejecx q~acl ®[¤Wplpybeq\½c[z [SVmosp[~Y`d±acljWpacyyVªc¿jª qveXdxkWZm[~Y¹qveXljmYoeXyiecYacWZmeXd±a^moSbq~acybyVª ] il«aczkzpSVmoSVeXlpacy daclWpacy oSVmoq\s¤SbiSblpomoacybyV[zSbl«[~Y\Sb[SVmosecmos i aclpz n SblecY\zp[~YmeYo[dec[¡mosZ[¡Yo[yVeqo½`q~SVY\q~WpSVmgYoeXd mosZ[¡g¶[~[zZacqo½¹yVeecxSVg³lp[qv[ooa^Yoª ]

#' ! mimosZ[Èmoa^Yomiecg º^ÊcÊXº mosZ[¾\ybac[Èybac[~Yi[q~acd[°lZeXlZu»gWplkqvmoSVeXlpacya^gm[~YSVm²aca^mmoacq\sZ[z¹meÈa¾lZ[~ xe[~YoWZxkxkyVª ] ɲY\SVecY©me°moskSb£eq~q~WZYoY\SlZUZ¿jSVmspaczµ[~[leck[~Y\c[zmospa^mmosZ[Èybac[~Yixe¯©[~Y¥a^acSbyba^kyV[¾Sblmosp[°gYo[hWZ[lpqvªzZeXWZyV[zybaco[~Yi[acd a^mmosp[°mY\a^xspaczÏ[~[lUcY\aczkWpacybyVª°Yo[zpWpq~SblpUZ¿cg¶YoeXd acl±SblpSVmoSbacy^acybWZ[ecga^YoeXWplpz º^ÊcÊ) Sbl 61707, me¡a^YoeXWplkz ^Ê) ª¾mosZ[[lpz±ecg º^ÊcÊ 6^]² spSbTUcYtaczpWpacypzZ[qvY\[ac[da¯ªspac[[~[lacl±SblkzpSbq~a^moSVeXlÈecgoyVe ybaco[~Y²zZ[~UcY\aczpa^moSbeXl ]

- - - " sp[ gYo[hWZ[lpqvª zZeXWpkybSblZU [~moWZx ©ac¤Y\[~xkybacqv[z jª a qveXd±d[~Y\q~SbacyȪm[d xkWZY\qtspac[z gYoeXd WpS . xkmoSbq~ ]¡ sZ[Èybac[~Y¥zpSVezZ[°©ac¥a d ) SbqtspSba a ybac[~Y¥zpSVezZ[c¿acg¶ecY¥mosZ[Ò 7 Ò^lpd yac[~Y ] sp[i[yb[qvmYoeXlpSbq~aclpz`Uc[lp[~Y\acy´ªm[d zZ[oSbUXl¬a^Y\[acybdeXmSbzp[lnmoSbq~acy®memospa^mecg mosZ[¡Ò 7 Ò^lpd yac[~Yªm[d¹¿kSVmos¹ag[~ dSblpecYzpS¨§[~Yo[lpqv[mospa^ma^Y\[¡zpSboq~Wko[z`[yVe¯ ]

sZ[µÒ 7 lpdrybac[~Y¾ªm[d·ac¡xWZY\q\skac[z¸[~gecYo[mosZ[`Ò 7 Ò^lpd yac[~Y°ªm[d aclpz¸ac°eXlZ[ecgimosZ[¹pY\om¾ybaco[~Y±ªm[dÈmospa^m WpS . xkmoSbq~Èspacz xpYoezpWpqv[z WpoSlZUÏmosp[`lp[~ a ybac[~YzpSVezZ[m[qtsplZeXyVecUcª ] ­ m¾©acÈgeXWplpz mospa^mÈmosZ[¹xka^moSacydezZ[¬xpYoeckyb[±ecgmosp[`yac[~YÈ©ac¾xejecY¯¿£spaSblZU¤amYtWpqvmoWZYo[ecg [~c[~Y\acy®x[a^½©Sbl±mosZ[ispecY\S Ð eXljmoacyzpSbYo[qvmoSVeXl¿oWZx[~Y\SbdxeX[zÈeXl`a acWpo\Sbacl±xkYoeckyV[ ] skSb²[spa¯SbeXWZYaczpSb\q~Wpo[zµSbl`Ñ[~g[~Yo[lpqv[ 9 ºcº ; ¿ZWpoSblpU°aȪm[d xkWZY\qtspac[z¬gYoeXd WpS . xpmoSbq~a^eXWZm\S¨`deXlnmospxpY\SVecYme±eXWZYiªom[d ]© sZ[xejecY®[acd xpYoeckyb[¥©aczpWZ[meµmosZ[¡qveXybybSda^moSVeXlyV[lk[SblZUzZ[oSVUXlp[z¹g¶ecY ,^Ê lpd¹¿\Sblpqv[acxksp[~Y\Sbq¥yV[lpo[g¶ecYmosZ[kybWp[x[qvmY\acyYo[~UXSVeXl[~Yo[°lZecma¯acSbya^kyV[¥a^mmospa^mmoSbd[ ]£ sp[[acd ospa^x[iecg mosZ[Ò 7 Ò^lpd ybac[~YSbd°Wkq\s`[~mm[~Ymospacl`mosZ[[acdoska^x®[ecg®mosZ[Ò 7 lpd ybac[~Y¿nSdxkyVªSblZUmospa^m£SblÈmosZ[Sbljm[~Yoc[lpSlZUmoSbd[mosZ[qveXybySbda^moSVeXl¾m[q\sklZeXyVecUcªspaczSbdxpYoec[z ]

sZ[ d ) Ò 7 lpd ybac[~Y¥zpSVezZ[°skacYo[qv[lnmoybª aclWpa^Yoª º^ÊcÊ Ò [~[l«Yo[~xkybacqv[z«ªÏa¹Ò Ê d )Ò 7 lpd ybac[~YzkSVezp[ ]

sZ[±Ò 7 lpd yac[~Y¡ªm[d·zZe[lZecm°spac[±a ² SlZxkWZmimexpYoeSzZ[gacomq~WZYoYo[ljmdezpWuyba^moSbeXl ] WZYoY\[lnmdezpWpya^moSVeXl¤q~acl¸[a^xpxkybSb[zÏmospYoeXWZUXsmosZ[q~WpYoYo[ljmoWZxpxkybªdezpWpyV[c¿ WpxmeakaclkzZSbzZmos¬ecg 6~ÊcÊ ½ ÎÐc]a> (a>( # $]B5D'" %5J/ "_D $ $]J "$ D " sp[ ,^Ê lkd ybac[~YSbÈasZeXd[~kWpSbyVm¾ªm[d qveXlpmYtWpqvm[z|ª uwÉ moacqv[~ª ]|_ [~moacSybecgSbmoqveXlumYtWpqvmoSVeXl`daªµ[geXWplpz¬Sbl 9 º Ò ;»]£ sZ[ybac[~YSbdeXWklnm[z¹Sbl¬aÈdezpSVp[z SVmmYoeÆqveXlZpUXWZYta^moSVeXl¿skSbq\s«Sblpq~ybWkzZ[acl«[vmY\aµd±SVYoYoecYSbdd[zkSba^m[yVª¹a^g¶m[~Y¥mosp[°UcY\a^moSlZUµmoska^mYoecmoa^m[¡acmosp[°UcY\a^moSlZUsZecYtS Ð eXlnmoacyacySVUXlpd[ljm©SacyVm[~Y\[z ]£ spSb[vmY\adSVYoY\ecY©spac©mosZ[[v§[qvmecg qveXljc[~YomoSblZUÈmosZ[¥aclZUXWkyba^YoskSVg¶mecgmosZ[ Ð [~Yoecmos¦ecY\zZ[~Y¡zkS¨§®Ytacqvm[z¤®[acd SblnmeazpSbxkyacqv[d[lnm ] sp[ybac[~Y¡zpSbezZ[ÈWp[z¦Sb¥a^Ê d ) _ zpSbezZ[SVmos`aÈqv[lnmY\[¥©a¯c[yV[lZUcmos¹ecg ,cº lpd ]£ sp[zkSVezp[acdaczZ[meÈecx[~Y\a^m[a^m,^Ê lpd·jªÏm[dx[~Y\a^moWZYo[¾moWplpSblpU ] sZ[ybac[~Y¥q~WZYoY\[lnm¥oWZxkxkyVª`©ac¥qveXlkmY\Wpqvm[zªmosZ[ . gecY\zÉsnªoSbq~ _ [~xka^Yomod[ljmµ ©[ljmY\acy yb[qvmYoeXlpSbq~¾UcYoeXWZx gYoeXdrazZ[oSVUXl ª _¾] ¥] dSVmos 9 º)Z;»] sZ[m¼ªjxkSq~acy´ybac[~Yecx[~Y\a^moSlZUq~WZYoYo[ljmSb , d ]

Page 26: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

º^Ê

a> (a> ! "SD ,KH ,*J/ "/ $ D " $ sp[ ,) lpd aclkz ,** lpd ybac[~Y\a^Yo[sZeXd[~WpSbyVm¢ªm[dqveXlpmY\Wpqvm[z±jª ] m[aclp[c¿ _¾] m[~c[lkaclpz¹É ] a^YomeXl ]² sZ[¥ybac[~YzpSVezZ[a^Yo[¥ecmos ^Ê d ) _ zpSVezZ[©SVmos¹aqv[ljmYo[ac[yb[lZUcmosecg,cº lpd¿´m[dx[~Y\a^moWZYo[ÈmoWplp[zÏme`mosZ[qvecY\Yo[qvm¥©a¯c[yV[lZUcmosp ] ©ecmos¸ybac[~Ytiyacqo½¤m[~[~Y\SblZU`dSVY\YoecY\a^gm[~Y°mosp[±UcY\a^moSblpU ] sZ[ ,) lpdrybaco[~Y°Sb¡ecx®[~Yta^m[z¸ª¸a sZecYtyba^kq~WZY\Yo[lnm¾aclpz¸m[dx®[~Yta^moWZYo[qveXljmYoeXyWplpSVm~¿aclpz¡spac aclecx[~Y\a^moSblpUq~WZYoYo[ljm´ecg ,)Z] d ]^ sZ[ ,** lpd ybac[~Y³q~WZYoYo[ljm Sb qveXlnmYoeXyyV[zª¾a¡oWZxpxkybªxpYoezpWpqv[z¾ª°mosZ[ . gecY\zÉsnªoSbq~ _ [~xka^Yomod[lnm ©[lnmYtacy yV[qvmY\eXlpSbq~TUcYoeXWZx ¿nac£gecYmosZ[ ,^Ê lkd ybac[~Y ]£ sp[iecx[~Y\a^moSlZU¾q~WpYoYo[ljm©acSblkSVmoSbacybyVªÈa^eXWZm 7 d °¿psZe¯©[~c[~YSVmSbq~WZYoY\[lnmoyVªecx[~Y\a^m[z a^m±a^YoeXWplpz *^Ê d oSblpqv[spSbUXs|ybac[~Yxe¯©[~YµSlZecmYo[hWpSVYo[z eXl mospSbmY\aclkoSVmoSVeXl gecY[±q~Sb[lnmY\[~xkWpdxkSlZU ]

4 625& Ä4 05+ *$'& , $ 2E& +2E&­ lecYtzZ[~Yme¬x[~Yog¶ecYtd oSblpUXyV[¡hWZkSVmUXa^m[[~mw©[~[lÏmosZ[ 0[~[daclÏ\WZkyV[~c[ybecg£mosZ[¡UcY\eXWplpzomoa^m[ecg *-, a . SVmos`spSbUXs`kzZ[ybSVm¼ªµaÑacdaclybac[~Y[~moWZxSblp[qv[ooa^Yoª ] [ecgTaÑacd±aclybac[~Yo[~moWZxsp[~Yo[±ecmos¸[acd°a^Yo[±eckmoacSblZ[z g¶YoeXd aoSlZUXyV[±ybaco[~Y°eXWZYtqv[±Yo[oWkyVmo¡Sbl¸mosZ[µybaco[~Y¾ybSlZ[~SbzZmos[v§[qvmo¾®[SlZUq~aclpqv[ybyV[z´¿³ac¡mosZ[±m¼eÏ®[acd±¡a^Yo[µx®[~Y\g¶[qvmoyVªqvecYoY\[yba^m[z¦aclpz sZ[lpqv[µmosZ[~Yo[±Sb°lZeec[~Y\acyby´xspac[ SVmm[~YSbl`mosZ[¡mw©e^u»xksZecmeXlxkYoeqv[\ ]

e¡xkYo[~c[lnmxksZecmeXlµoq~a^mm[~Y\SblZU°zpWZY\SblpUimosp[Ñacd±aclxpYoeqv[o²mosZ[zZ[~moWplkSblZU¥ecgmosZ[ybaco[~Y²gYoeXdYo[oeXlpaclpqv[d¾Wpm[Èd¾WpqtsUcYo[a^m[~Ymospacl¤mosp[ybSblZ[~SzZmosecg©mosZ[È[vq~Sbm[z¸moa^m[ecg *-, a . ]°­ m¥SbxkyaclplZ[z me¸Wp[`a«zp[~moWplpSblZUÏecga^xpxkYoeZSbda^m[yVª 6~ÊÎÐ g¶YoeXd ) i l S ] [ ] a^m±Ò 7 lpd ¿²spSq\slZ[qv[\oSVmoa^m[aÈybac[~Yxe¯©[~Yecg a^e¯c[ d ) Sblµa 6~ÊcÊ d xecma^m©mosp[SbeXl±gecYa°gacm©UXa^m[x[~[z ]

Y\aczpSbmoSVeXlpacybyVªµecpmoacSblpSlZUmospSbY\[yba^moSVc[yVª¹spSVUXsx®e[~Yia^ma±©a¯c[yV[lZUcmos«ecg£Ò 7 lpd skac[~[laeXd[~spa^mzpS µq~WpyVm¡xkYoeckyV[d ] sZ[¹moaclpzka^Y\z eXybWZmoSVeXlk¾skac[[~[l me¸Wp[¹azZªc[yac[~YÈecYgYo[hWZ[lpqvªjuwzZeXWZkyV[z S a^xpxkspSbYo[ybac[~Y¯¿ZsZ[~Yo[¥Sbl¬[acq\sÏq~ac[¥mosZ[ybaco[~YlZ[~[zpme[xkWpdx[z¬jªaskSVUXsxe¯©[~Y)YoUceXl¦SVeXl¸ecY¡zpSVezZ[a^YoY\a¯ªybac[~Y ]± sZ[[[~moWZxa^Yo[Yo[ya^moSVc[yVª«[vx[lpoSbc[aclpzqveXdxybSbq~a^m[z¹me±Wk[ ]

Ñ[qv[lnmoybª a zpSbezZ[Ïybac[~Y\¬spac[¤[~[l zp[~c[yVecx[z mexpYoeSbzp[Y\aczpSba^moSbeXl Sbl mosZ[ÏY\[~UXSVeXlecg )XÊcÊ lkd ]« sZ[[`ybac[~Y\¾spac[`qveXlpoSzZ[~Y\a^kyV[¬aczpa^acljmoa^Uc[Sbl¸m[~Ytd¾ecgqveXmÈaclpz¦[aco[¬ecgWp[sp[l¹qveXdxka^Yo[zmemosZ[xpYo[~SVeXWpm[qtsplZeXyVecUXSb[ ]²_ SboaczZ^acljmoa^Uc[Sblpq~yWpzZ[[lpoSVmoSbSVm¼ª±meecxkmoSbq~acyg[~[zZkacq\½¿¢[~c[~Y\acy 6~ÊXÍÎÐ SbzZ[ybac[~Y°ybSblZ[~SzZmosp~¿aclpz yVe¯©[~Y¡eXWZmxWZm¥xe¯©[~Y¿ ecgmosZ[±ecY\zZ[~Yecg6 d ) u¼Ò Ê d ) ]p­ l±ecY\zp[~YmeÈecpmoacSbl`oW ±q~SV[ljm²xe¯©[~Yg¶ecY©mosZ[¥Ñacd±acl¬o[~moWZx¬a Í acm[~Y . oq~Sybyba^mecYɳe¯©[~YdxkybSVp[~Y Í. É ecYµdacom[~Yuwoyba¯c[ ªm[d Sb±Wpo[z ] ­ l|mospSb±ªom[d a¦omoa^kyV[yVexe¯©[~Yd±acm[~Yybac[~YSbWp[z`meµSbl [qvmadecYo[xe[~YogWpykWpmyb[omoa^kyb[oybac[°ybac[~Y ]

sZ[ Í . É [~moWpxSbosZelSbl TSVUXWpYo[ º]]a> 5>@= $WL]D." $ $WD." sp[dacm[~Y¡ybaco[~Y¡qveXlpoSbomoecg©aÒ Ê d ) ecxkmoSbq~acyTeXWZmxkWZm¥xe[~Y¡a^m¡Ò 7 lkd Sbq\spSa¬zkSVezp[c¿´SblaUcY\a^moSlZU¹moa^kSbybS[z SVmmYoe¯ qveXlZkUXWZY\a^moSVeXl¿UXSVSblZU 6 d ) eXWZmxkWZmixe¯©[~Y ] spSYo[zkWpqv[imosZ[ybaco[~YybSblZ[~SbzZmosµg¶YoeXd SVmogYo[~[vu»Y\WplplkSblZU¾acybWp[¥ecg³a^YoeXWklpz 6~ÊcÊXÍÏÎÐ me±a^acybWZ[¥ecg³ecY\zZ[~Y 6ÍÏÎÐc]

spSbySblZ[~Sbzpmos¹q~aclÏ[gWZYomosp[~YYo[zpWkqv[zÏWp\SblZU±aclÏ[yV[qvmYoeXlpSqg[~[zZkacqo½«yVeecxg[~[zpSblZUµkacqo½zpSbYo[qvmoyVª`me`mosZ[°ybaco[~Yiq~WZY\Yo[lnmWpoSlZU±a ² SblZxkWpma^mmoacq\sZ[zme¬mosZ[Èybac[~YzpSVezZ[ ]­ lxpYtacqvmoSbqv[mosZ[µxeXoSVmoSVeXlecgmosp[±UcY\a^moSblpUÏd¾Wpm°acye[±acz Wpm[zoybSbUXsnmoyVª¤WpoSlZUaxkSb[ Ð ej[yV[qvmYtSbq±acqvmoWpa^mecYa^mmoacqtsZ[zmeµmosZ[¥UcY\a^moSblpUZ¿kSbl`ecY\zZ[~Yme±q~aclpqv[y ybeXlZU^u»m[~Y\d gYo[hWZ[lpqvª`zZY\SVgmo©ecg³mosp[¡ybac[~Y ]mxpYo[[ljm[yV[qvmYoeXlpSqg[~[zZkacq\½¹moa^kSbybSoa^moSVeXlµecg mosZ[yac[~Yg¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvªµSblZecmSdxkyV[d[ljm[z¿

oSlpqv[°gecYmosZ[Èga^YouwzZ[~moWplZ[z«Ñacdaclo[~moWZx¤mosZ[¾a^eXybWZm[Èybac[~Y¥zZ[~moWplkSblZUµaclkz«ySblZ[~SbzpmoszZe`lZecm

Page 27: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

º 6

λ/2λ/2

33/67 BS

SLAVELASER

MASTERLASER

Optical Isolator

Optical Isolator

FibreCoupler

PBS

³SbUXWZYo[ º]3 q\sZ[da^moSqzpSba^UcY\acd ecg Í. É ybaªceXWZm

da^mm[~Yme±pYtmecY\zZ[~Y ]

- $ $ " ! !­ lpoSbzp[±mosZ[¹dezpWpyV[µqveXlnmoacSblkSblZU«mosZ[¹dacm[~Yybac[~YzpSbezZ[¬aclpzUcY\a^moSblZUZ¿£sp[lpqv[~g¶ecY\mos|q~acybyV[z mosZ[dacom[~Y©ybaco[~Y¿nmosZ[~Y\[a^Yo[m¼e¾ecxpmoSbq~acyk[yV[d[ljmo²moska^mq~aclµ®[acz Wkm[z¿XmosZ[iqveXybybSbd±a^moSVeXlyV[lp²aclpzmosZ[°zpS¨§Y\acqvmoSVeXl`UcY\a^moSblpU ]

sZ[¥qveXybybSbda^moSbeXl¬yb[lpSblZ[~[zZ[z`me±qveXljc[~Yommosp[skSVUXspyVª±zkSVc[~YoUc[ljm®[acd [d±SVmm[z`g¶Y\eXd mosZ[ybaco[~Y¾zpSbezZ[Slnme«aqveXybybSda^m[z¸[acd ] sp[±qveXybybSbd±a^moSVeXl¸ecxpmoSqxeXoSVmoSVeXl¸skac¡[~[l¦o[~m¡ªmosZ[daclWZgacqvmoWZYo[~YecgTmosZ[yac[~Yaclpz\sZeXWpybz`lZecmlp[~[z¹me[acz Wpm[z ]

sZ[UcY\a^moSblpUÏspac¡mw©e«acz Wpmod[lnmo~¿³mosZ[µc[~YomoSbq~acy²aclkz¦sZecY\S Ð eXlnmoacy©aclZUXyV[¡SVmosYo[ox®[qvm°memosZ[°Sblpq~SbzZ[ljm[acd g¶Y\eXd mosZ[ybac[~YzpSVezZ[ ]

sZ[¥c[~YomoSbq~acy´aclpUXyV[¥Sbacz Wpm[z`gecYecxpmoSbd¾Wpd Sbl [qvmoSVeXl¬ecg³mosZ[¥pY\mecY\zp[~YzpS¨§Y\acqvm[z`[acdSbljmemosZ[yac[~YzpSVezZ[ ]| spSbÈSbacq~qveXdxkybSbosp[z jªYo[zpWpq~SlZUÏmosp[ybac[~Yq~WZY\Yo[lnmme Wpom¾[yVemosZY\[osZeXybzµaclpzµa^xkxkyVªSblZU¡a¾ybSblZ[a^YY\acdx¬me°mosp[iq~WZY\Yo[lnmdezpWpyba^moSbeXlSblZxkWpm£ecg´mosZ[ybac[~Yq~WZYoYo[ljmqveXljmYoeXybyV[~Y¯¿peÈmospa^ma^mmosZ[¥spSVUXs¬[lpz`ecg³mosZ[¥oq~acl¹mosp[yac[~Y Wkm®[~UXSlp©meUcea^®ec[mosZYo[\sZeXybz ] sp[ieXWpmxkWZmecg mosp[yac[~YSbdeXlpSbmecYo[z¬eXla¾xksZecmezpSVezZ[ ]¢ sZ[c[~YomoSbq~acyUcYta^moSblZUacz Wpmod[ljmSbacyVm[~Y\[zµmeÈda^½c[mosZ[iybac[~Y©®[ia^e¯c[mosZYo[ospeXybzec[~Yac©ya^YoUc[a°Yo[~UXSVeXl¬ecgmosZ[oq~acl`ac©x®eX\oSVkyV[c¿acyac[~Y[yVg¶uwSbl [qvmoSVeXl Yo[zpWpqv[ÈmosZ[yac[~YmosZYo[ospeXybz ]¸ sZ[`c[~YomoSq~acyUcY\a^moSblZUacz Wpmod[lnmÈacSblkSVmoSbacybyVªo[~mjª¬mosZ[¡d±acljWZgacqvmoWZYo[~Yecg mosZ[°ybac[~YaclpzspaclZecmlZ[~[zp[z¹me±[¥q\spaclpUc[zacªc[~m ]

sZ[sZecY\S Ð eXlnmoacyaclpUXyV[¹ecgmosZ[UcY\a^moSblpU¦[~momosp[g¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvªa^mspSbq\s mosZ[ybac[~Y±ecx®[~Yta^m[ ] sp[¸yVe¯u»ceXybmoa^Uc[¦xkSV[ Ð e[yV[qvmY\Sq«acq~Wpmoa^mecY«a^mmoacqtsZ[zÆme mosp[UcY\a^moSblZU acybybe¯a|\q~acl Y\aclZUc[ecga^xpxkYoeZSbda^m[yVª º^ÊÎÐ me¾[iecpmoacSblZ[z`ª±acz WpmoSlZU°mosp[o[~mmoSblZU¾ecg mosZ[¥ybac[~Y\q~acl¹qveXlnmYoeXyyV[~Y ] a^YoUc[~Yq\spaclpUc[SblÏmosZ[ybac[~Yg¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvªc¿´WZx¤me`o[~c[~Y\acy 6~ÊcÊÎÐ ¿ Yo[hWpSVYo[¾mosZ[Èm[dx[~Y\a^moWZY\[°ecgmosZ[ybac[~Y²me¡®[qtspaclZUc[z ] pecYgYo[hWZ[lpqvªÈq\spaclZUc[ecgmosZ[ecY\zp[~Y£ecg 6~ÎÐ ecY£UcYo[a^m[~Y©mosZ[UcY\a^moSlZUsZecYtS Ð eXlnmoacyaclZUXyV[d¾WpmÈ[acz Wkm[z|daclWpacybyVª¦WkoSblZU¤mosZ[acz Wpmod[lnmoqvYo[~ ] . x[lpSblZUÏmosZ[p[vZWZYo[¹Y\[oWpyVmoSbl|a\sZecYom[~Y±ybaco[~Y©a¯c[yV[lZUcmos ] ) spSyV[`mosZ[acz Wpmod[ljmSbÈ[SblZUdaczp[¹mosZ[[acd gYoeXd mosp[¡ybac[~Y\sZeXWpybz`[¥moa^½c[lÏme±a±oq~aclklpSblZUx[qvmY\Wpd aclpacyVª[~Y¿Zmeµd±a^½c[°oWZY\[¥mospa^mmosZ[Èybac[~YSboSblZUXyV[°dezp[c¿®aclpz«aµ©a¯c[d[~m[~Y¿´me`zZ[~m[~Y\dSlZ[mosZ[¾acyWZ[¡ecg£mosp[°ybac[~YigYo[hjWp[lpqvª ]­ l¹xpY\acqvmoSqv[mosZ[ac[d[~m[~Y¥acyVeXlp[daª`[oW ±q~Sb[lnm~¿pacmosZ[¡lWpd¡[~Yecg¢zpSVUXSbmomemosZ[Y\SbUXsnmecgmosZ[zZ[q~Sdacy³x®eXSlnmzZ[qvYo[ac[gYoeXd Òµme º sZ[l«mosZ[ybac[~Y¥SblZecm¥oSblpUXyV[°dezZ[¹eXl¤mosZ[q~d ioq~acyb[ t] sp[`specY\S Ð eXljmoacyUcYta^moSblZU¸aclZUXyV[`acacz Wpm[z me¸da^½c[¹mosZ[¹qv[ljmYo[¹gYo[hjWp[lpqvª¦ecgmosZ[dacom[~Yybac[~Y º 617 6^]cº^Ê q~d i ¿kYo[eXlpacljmSVmos`mosp[¡Ò 7 lpd mY\aclkoSVmoSVeXl¹Sbl *-, a . ]

Page 28: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

ºcº

­ dd[zkSba^m[yVªSbl¸gYoeXljmecgmosZ[¬dezkWpyV[qveXljmoacSblpSblZUÏmosZ[µd±acm[~Y¾yac[~Y¡mosZ[~Y\[µSb°amw©e^uwmoa^Uc[ecxpmoSq~acy¢SbeXyba^mecY ] Sblpqv[¾mosZ[SbeXyba^mecYskacmw©emoa^Uc[¥mosZ[xeXyba^Y\Soa^moSVeXlecg©mosZ[ybac[~Y¥SbiYoecmoa^m[zmosZY\eXWZUXs 7^Ê ¿jgYoeXd c[~YomoSbq~acy®xeXyba^Y\Sboa^moSbeXleXWZm©ecg´mosZ[ybac[~Y©me¾sZecYtS Ð eXlnmoacy®xeXyba^Y\Soa^moSVeXla^gm[~YmosZ[SboeXyba^mecY ]¥ sZ[¾SbeXyba^mecY¥SVmo[ybg£osZeXWpybzÏlZecmYo[hWpSVYo[¡acz Wpomod[lnm~¿e`mosZ[¾eXlpyVª¹ecxkmoSbq~acyTacybSVUXlpd[ljmYo[hWpSVY\[z±Sb²me¾da^½c[¥oWpYo[mospa^m©mosZ[i®[acd gYoeXd mosZ[dacm[~Yybaco[~Y²xkacoo[©qv[ljmY\acybybªmosZYoeXWZUXs±mosZ[SboeXyba^mecY ]gm[~YmosZ[ÈecxpmoSbq~acy¢SboeXyba^mecY¥mosZ[~Yo[Sba`lZeXlu»xeXyba^YtSboSblZUµ[acd oxkybSVmm[~Y¥q~WZ[Èmospa^m¥mY\aclp\dSVmo

** ecg¢mosZ[¾Sblpq~SbzZ[ljmybSbUXsnmaclkzYo[ k[qvmomosp[¡Yo[miSbljmeµa¬zZecU^uwyV[~Uµa^Y\Y\aclZUc[d[ljmgecYSbl [qvmoSVeXlecgmosZ[oyac[ybac[~Y ]³ sp[©mYtaclpodSVmm[z¾[acd SbTWp[z¾gecY£zpSba^UXlZeXmoSqaclpz $ ecY¢g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvª¾moa^kSbySboa^moSVeXlxkWpYoxeX[ ]

- $ - sp[~Yo[µa^Yo[¬geXWZY¡[yV[qvmY\eXlpSbq~¾dezkWpyV[moska^m¾qveXljmYoeXymosZ[¬d±acm[~Y¾yac[~Y mosZ[¬m[dx[~Y\a^moWZYo[¬qveXlumYoeXyyV[~Y _ 6~ÊcÊn ¿ZmosZ[iq~WpYoYo[ljmqveXljmYoeXybyV[~Y _ 6~ÊcÊn ¿ZmosZ[oq~acl`qveXljmYoeXybyV[~Y¥ _% 6~ÊcÊn aclpzµmosZ[É ­Ã_ Yo[~UXWpyba^mecY¡É ­Ã_ 6~ÊcÊnt] sZ[[dezkWpyV[²a^Y\[acyySbljm[~Y\qveXlplp[qvm[zµeXl¬mosZ[kacq\½jxybaclZ[ikWpmospa^mmosZ[µdezkWpyV[ixkybWZU¹SbljmeZ¿´SbmosSblnm[~Ytlpacy Wkdx[~Y\SblpoSbzp[¡mosZ[±SlpzpSVSbzpWpacy dezkWpyV[¥zZ[~m[~Y\d±SblpSblZUmosZ[°ybSblZ[Wp[zme±[lpz¹ecYYo[qv[SVc[¡zpa^moa ]

sZ[q~WZY\Yo[lnm©aclpzµm[dx[~Y\a^moWZYo[iqveXlnmYoeXyyV[~Y\²a^Y\[iWpo[zmeÈ[~mmosp[gYo[hjWp[lpqvªmospa^m©mosZ[dacom[~Yybaco[~Y¾ecx[~Y\a^m[a^m~¿©SblqveXl WklpqvmoSVeXlSVmos mosZ[`UcY\a^moSblZU¤aclZUXyV[ ]¸ sZ[¬q~WpYoYo[ljmÈaclkz m[dx®[~Yta^moWZYo[a^Yo[Ïq\sZeX[l me¸UXSVc[mosp[daZSbd°Wkdrx®eX\oSVkyV[¬xe¯©[~Y±aclpz omoa^kSbybSVm¼ª a^mµmosZ[zZ[oSVY\[z ecx®[~Yta^moSblZUgYo[hWZ[lpqvªc¿£mosZ[Ò 7 lkdrmY\aclpoSVmoSbeXl ecg *-, a/.¤Sbl mospSbÈq~ac[ ]­ lxpY\acqvmoSqv[¬mosp[`dezpWkyV[Èa^Yo[¹[~mªµqtsZejeX\SblZUaq~WZYoYo[ljmaclpz`acz WpmoSblZU¾mosZ[m[dx[~Y\a^moWZY\[aclkzµUcYta^moSblZUaclZUXyV[meÈUc[~mmosZ[¥zZ[\SVYo[zac[yV[lpUcmos ]£ sZ[q~WZYoY\[lnm¢aclpzÈm[dx[~Y\a^moWpYo[qveXlnmYoeXyyV[~Y\¢zZe¥lZecm£qveXdd¾WplpSq~a^m[SVmos¾[acq\secmosp[~Yec[~YmosZ[¥acqo½xkybaclZ[Wp ]

sZ[¥oq~acl¹qveXlnmY\eXybyV[~YqveXljmYoeXybmosZ[¥ceXyVmoa^Uc[a^xkxkybSV[zµmemosZ[xkSV[ Ð e[yV[qvmY\SbqacqvmoWpa^mecYia^mmoacq\sZ[zmemosp[UcY\a^moSblZU ]T­ laczpzpSbmoSVeXl¿cmosZ[oq~aclµqveXlnmY\eXybyV[~Y²a^xpxybSV[¢a¥dezpWpyba^moSbeXlÈceXyVmoa^Uc[memosp[q~WZYoYo[ljmqveXljmYoeXybyV[~Y SamosZ[£kacq\½jxybaclZ[²Wp´ac´mosp[²UcY\a^moSblpUSb´oq~aclklZ[z ] spSb´Sb´½lZel¡ac mosZ[²g[~[zZgecYoa^Y\zmemosZ[d±acm[~Yq~WZYoY\[lnmaclpz¹Sb©Yo[hWpSVY\[z¬oe¾moska^mmosZ[dacm[~Yyac[~YYo[dacSblp\SblZUXyV[dezZ[¥acmosZ[UcY\a^moSlZU°Sb²oq~aclplZ[z ]£ sZ[xpYoecxecYomoSbeXlÈecgmosZ[oq~acl¬qveXljmYoeXybyV[~YceXyVmoa^Uc[moska^m©Sb£g¶[zµme¡mosZ[iq~WZYoYo[ljmdezpWpya^moSVeXlSblZxWZmecg¢mosZ[Èdacm[~Yq~WZYoYo[ljmqveXljmYoeXybyb[~YiSb[~mijªaµmY\SbdxecmeXlÏmosZ[¾g¶Y\eXlnmecg¢mosZ[oq~aclqveXlnmYoeXyyV[~Y ]£ sZ[¥g[~[zZgecYoa^Y\z¹SbecxpmoSbd±Sb[z¬jª`oq~aclplkSblZU¾mosZ[¥UcY\a^moSblZUec[~YSVmo[lnmoSVY\[\q~aclY\aclpUc[¥spSbyV[eck[~YoSblZU¾mosZ[¥dacm[~Yybac[~YeXWZmxkWZmeXl¹aÈlZeXluw\q~aclplpSblZUÈx[qvmY\Wpd aclpacybª[~Y ]£ sZ[g[~[zZgecYo©a^YtzSbTacz Wpm[zWpljmoSbymosZ[dacm[~Yybac[~Y²oq~aclk¢oSblZUXyV[dezZ[e¯c[~YmosZ[[ljmoSVYo[oq~aclYtaclZUc[ ]­ lxpYtacqvmoSbqv[ioeXd[oySVUXsnmacz Wkmod[ljm²ecgmosZ[iq~WZYoYo[ljm²aclpzµm[dx[~Y\a^moWZYo[qveXlnmYoeXyyV[~Y©o[~mmoSblZUX©daª[lZ[~[zZ[z´¿©SVmos mosZ[ac[d[~m[~Y¹[SblpU¤Wk[z|me¦c[~YtSVg¶ªmospa^mmosp[ybac[~Y¬SbÈecx[~Y\a^moSblZU¦a^m±mosZ[qvecYoY\[qvmgYo[hjWp[lpqvª ]

Wpdx[~Y É 6 Ò¾eXl`mosp[ _ 6~ÊcÊ dezpWpyV[i[~mospSq\s¬kacqo½xkybaclp[ySblZ[mosp[q~WZYoYo[ljmqveXlnmYoeXyyV[~YWpo[´meiYo[qv[SVc[²Y\[decm[qveXljmYoeXyjecgZmosZ[q~WZY\Yo[lnm ]³ spSb´Yo[decm[qveXljmYoeXyWpoWpacyyVªiSmosZ[²g[~[zZgecYoa^Y\zgYoeXd mosZ[ 6~ÊcÊ ¿TacybmosZeXWZUXs¦Sbm¡SbxeXo\SVkyV[me«[~m°mosp[µÉ ­ _ 6~ÊcÊ Y\[~UXWpyba^mecY¾meÏWp[µmospSb°ybSblZ[gecYzpSbYo[qvm©qveXljmYoeXyecg mosZ[¥ybac[~Yq~WZYoY\[lnm©g¶ecYgYo[hWZ[lpqvª±omoa^kSbybSb\a^moSVeXl ]T spSb Wkdx[~YSbq~WZYoY\[lnmoyVªµ[~mSblµxeXoSVmoSVeXl 6 ¿ZeÈmosZ[ _ 6~ÊcÊ eXl¬mosZ[¥dacm[~Yybac[~Ymoa^½c[kacq\½jxybaclZ[ybSblZ[ _ Ê ac©Sbmo©SlZxkWZm ]

Wpdx[~Y É 6 * eXl¤mosp[ 6~ÊcÊ dezpWpyV[È[~mospSq\s¤ybSblZ[ia^Yo[Wpo[zÏgecY¥g[~[zZg¶ecY\©a^Y\z¤eXWpmxkWZmme°mosZ[dacom[~Yaclpzµoybac[iybac[~Y\ ]T e Wpdx®[~Y£oeq\½c[~mo©a^Y\[Wp[z´¿XeXlZ[gecY²[acqtsµyac[~Y ]¢ sZ[~Yo[a^Yo[m¼eg[~[zZgecYoa^Y\z`mY\Sbdxecmo©eXl¹mosZ[gYoeXljmxkaclZ[yecg³mosZ[ 6~ÊcÊ aclpz`mosZ[¥xeXoSbmoSVeXl±ecg³mosZ[ Wpdx[~Y\eXl É 6 * Sblp\SbzZ[¾mosZ[dezkWpyV[ÈzZ[~m[~Y\dSblp[¾spSbq\s«mY\SdxecmiSb¥qveXlklZ[qvm[zme¹spSq\s¤aczpzZYo[\¥ybSblZ[ ] sp[ Wkdx[~Y\a^Yo[°q~WZY\Yo[lnmoybªµ[~miSbl`xeXoSVmoSVeXlp 6 aclpzÏÒ¿kqveXlklZ[qvmoSblZUmosp[Y\SVUXsjm uwspaclpz¹mYtSbdxecmme _ Ê aclpz¹mosZ[yV[~gmmY\Sbdx®ecmme _ º]

Page 29: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

º Ò

sZ[¥É ­ _ 6~ÊcÊ Yo[~UXWpyba^mecYSWp[z¬me±moa^kSybSb[mosZ[¥g¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvª±ecg³mosZ[dacm[~Yyac[~Yjªµg¶[~[zkSblZUkacq\½ me¤mosZ[¹q~WZY\Yo[lnm¾ecYÈUcY\a^moSblZUa«ceXyVmoa^Uc[zZ[~x[lpzp[lnm¾eXlmosZ[¹zpS¨§[~Yo[lpqv[¬®[~m¼[~[l mosp[`yac[~YgYo[hWZ[lpqvªaclpz¸a¹gYo[hWZ[lpqvª«Yo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[ ]` sZ[gYo[hjWp[lpqvª¤Yo[~g¶[~Y\[lpqv[±SbqveXd±deXlpyVª«ecpmoacSblZ[z¦jªWp\SblZUa¸moa^kSybSb[z pa^pY\ªnuwɳ[~YoecmµYo[~g¶[~Y\[lpqv[q~aSVm¼ª Sbl [SVmosZ[~YY\[ p[qvmoSVeXl ecY±mY\aclpoSb\oSVeXl|dezZ[ ] sp[¥g¶[~[zZacqo½¹oSVUXlpacySxkaco[zmemosZ[a^xpxpY\ecxpY\Sba^m[dezpWpyb[SbaÈmosZ[acqo½xkybaclZ[¥kWk ]

­ m\sZeXWpybz¹[¾lZecm[zmoska^mmosZ[ÈdezpWpyba^moSVeXl¹SlZxkWZm eXlmosZ[¾g¶YoeXljmxaclZ[y´ecg¢mosZ[¾É ­ _ 6~ÊcÊq~aclÈ[Wp[z¾me¥a^xpxkyVªaiY\acdxÈceXyVmoa^Uc[SVgZmosZ[Yo[~UXWpyba^mecY£S lZecm¢acqvmoSVc[aclkz°mosp[dezpWkyba^moSVeXl¡SlZxkWZmSb°moWZY\lp[z¸eXl ] spSbacybybe¯°mosZ[`dezkWpyba^moSVeXl¸SlZxkWZm¥me«[µWp[z¦jª¸acl[vm[~Y\lpacy©moa^kSbySboa^moSVeXldezpWpyb[±me¤g¶[~[zpkacqo½me¤mosZ[µUcYta^moSblZUZ¿£skSbyV[±mosp[¬da^moqtspSblZUSblpxkWZmeXl mosZ[`gYoeXljm°xkaclp[yecgmosZ[_ 6~ÊcÊ dezpWpyV[SbWpo[z`meg¶[~[zpkacqo½zpSbYo[qvmoyVª±me±mosZ[q~WZYoYo[ljm ]

sZ[°ybSlZ[Wp[zjª¹mosZ[¾É ­ _ 6~ÊcÊ gecYeXWpmxkWZmecg¢mosZ[°g¶[~[zpkacqo½\SVUXlpacy´Sb[~mª Wpdx[~Y É 64)SblkoSbzZ[imosZ[¡dezpWpyb[ ]³­ g³mosZ[É ­ _ 6~ÊcÊ Sbmeµg¶[~[zZacqo½`memosZ[¥UcY\a^moSlZUZ¿kacSWpoWpacybybªmosZ[¡q~ac[c¿kmosZ[xeXoSVmoSbeXl¸ecg É 64) osZeXWpybz¦[µq\speX[lme«da^moqts mosZ[¬x®eX\SVmoSVeXlecg Wpdx[~Y É 6 Sbl¦mosZ[ 6~ÊcÊdezpWpyb[c¿aclpz¾osZeXWkybz¡lZecm³qveXl&kSbqvm³SVmos¡mosZ[ Wpdx®[~YteXl É 6 * Sbl¡mosZ[ 6~ÊcÊ dezpWkyV[ ] WZY\Yo[lnmoybª É 64) SblÏmosZ[¾É ­Ã_ 6~ÊcÊ dezpWpyb[¡Sbi[~mme¬xeXoSbmoSVeXl ) ¿´e¬mospa^mmosZ[¾eXWZmxkWZmig[~[zZkacqo½«oSVUXlpacy Uce[me _ iÒ ]© sZ[da^moqtspSblZU Wpdx[~YSbl`mosZ[ 6~ÊcÊ dezpWpyV[c¿ É 6 j¿pSbo[~mmemosZ[¡oacd[¥x®eX\SVmoSVeXl¿e±mospa^mmosZ[ 6~ÊcÊ moa^½c[SbmoYo[decm[¡SlZxkWZmgYoeXd ybSblZ[ _ iÒ ]

a> 5> ( "/&%pD $0$ D " sp[oyba¯c[ybac[~Y©Sb£a¡Ò Ê d ) ecxpmoSbq~acyZeXWpmxkWZm£xe¯©[~Ya^mÒ 7 lpd SbqtspSbazkSVezp[ ] sZ[oybac[idezpWpyV[zpSV§®[~Y\gYoeXd mosp[¡dacm[~YiSbl¹spaSblZUlpeUcY\a^moSblZUZ¿koemosZ[~Yo[¡SblZeg¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvª¬moa^SbybSboa^moSbeXl¬zkWZ[¥me[ybguwSbl [qvmoSVeXl ] ­ lpm[acz¿mosZ[dacm[~Yybaco[~Y[acd Sb²zpSbYo[qvm[z±eXljmeÈmosZ[oybac[zpSVezZ[me¾Sbl [qvmmosZ[oyac[Sbmosµmosp[dacm[~Yyac[~Yp[ybz¹qtspa^Y\acqvm[~Y\SbomoSbq~ ]£­ l`mospSbaª¬mosZ[¥gYo[hjWp[lpqvª¬omoa^kSbybSVm¼ªecg³mosZ[dacom[~Yybac[~YSbqveXd¡SblZ[z¹Sbmos`mosZ[¥xe¯©[~Yecg³mosZ[¡oyba¯c[¡ybac[~Y ]

- - $ " ! !_ SVYo[qvmoybªÏSbl«gYoeXlnmecg©mosZ[oyba¯c[dezkWpyV[¾mosZ[~Yo[Sba¹oSblpUXyV[°moa^Uc[±ecxpmoSbq~acy¢SbeXya^mecY ]° sp[¾eXWpmxkWZmxeXyba^Y\S[~YTecgkmosZ[SboeXyba^mecY²SbT[~xka^Yta^m[zg¶Y\eXd mosZ[ezZª¡ecgmosZ[SeXyba^mecY£aclpza ^º xkyba^m[SbTxybacqv[z[~mw©[~[lmosZ[ka^Y\aczpaª¦Yoecmoa^mecYaclpz¸mosZ[µeXWZmxkWZm¡x®eXya^Y\Sb[~Y¿ meYoecmoa^m[`mosZ[µxeXyba^Y\Sboa^moSbeXl¤ecgmosZ[eXWZmxWZm[acd mec[~YomoSbq~acy ] zpecU^uwyV[~Uµa^YoYtaclZUc[d[ljmiSbWp[zme¬zpSVYo[qvmmosZ[¡[acd gYoeXd mosZ[¡dacm[~Yybac[~YiSbljme±mosZ[¾oSbzZ[

ecgmosZ[eXWZmxkWZm£xeXyba^YtSb[~Y¿Xaclpz±mosZ[lpqv[mosZYoeXWZUXsmosp[ pa^Y\aczkaªYoecmoa^mecY©eXljme¡mosZ[ioybac[izpSVezZ[ ]T sZ[acybSbUXlpd[ljmecgmosZ[zZecU^uwyV[~USbecxpmoSbdS[z«jªY\[zpWpq~SblZUµecmos¤mosZ[¾d±acm[~Y¡aclpz¤oyba¯c[q~WZYoYo[ljmomeq~yVeXo[memosZYo[\sZeXybz`aclpz¹mosZ[lyVejec½SblZUa^mmosp[oybac[¡eXWZmxkWZmxe¯©[~YacmosZ[zZecU^uwyV[~U±acySVUXlpd[ljmSbqtspaclZUc[z ]) sZ[lUcejezSbl [qvmoSVeXl¹SbecpmoacSblZ[z`mosZ[°oybac[¡eXWZmxkWZmxe¯©[~YSblkqvYo[ac[ ]il¹acyVm[~Y\lka^moSVc[¥d[~mosZez¬SmeWk[iskSVUXsZ[~Ydacm[~Yaclpz`oyac[q~WZYoY\[lnmoaclpz`oq~acl`mosZ[¥dacom[~Y

ybaco[~YiWp\SblZUmosZ[°UcY\a^moSblZUZ¿®spSyV[yVeec½SblpU±a^mmosp[°oyba¯c[ÈeXWZmxkWZmeXl«a¬x[qvmY\Wpd aclkacyVªo[~Y ] ) sZ[lmosZ[\ybac[±Sl [qvmomosZ[x[a^½eXlmosp[x[qvmY\Wpd aclpacyVª[~Ylpa^Y\Yoe¯ aclkzSblpqvYo[ac[SlsZ[SVUXsjmzZY\auda^moSq~acybyVª ]£ sZ[¥acybSbUXlpd[ljmSecxkmoSbdSb[z¬sp[l`mosZ[¥oybac[Sl [qvmoec[~YacSbzZ[aoq~acl`Y\aclZUc[¥ecgmosZ[°dacm[~Yyac[~YacxeXooSbkyV[ ]

- - - sp[\ybac[¡yac[~YYo[qv[SVc[SblZxkWZmogYoeXd SVmom[dx[~Y\a^moWpYo[¥qveXlnmYoeXyyV[~Y¿pq~WZYoY\[lnmqveXljmYoeXybyV[~Yaclkz`mosZ[dacom[~Yybac[~Yoq~acl¤qveXlnmYoeXyyV[~Y ]¥ sZ[¾q~WZYoYo[ljmiaclkzÏm[dx®[~Yta^moWZYo[ÈqveXlnmYoeXyyV[~Yio[~mmoSblZUXa^Yo[q\sZeXo[lmexpY\e¯SbzZ[imosZ[¥daSd°Wpd Sbl [qvm[z¹oq~acl¬Y\aclZUc[aclkz¬\ybac[eXWZmxkWpm©xe[~Ya^mmosZ[¥q\speX[l¹qv[lnmY\[gYo[hWZ[lpqvª ]

Page 30: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

º)

sZ[¾\q~aclqveXlnmYoeXyyV[~YxpYoe¯SbzZ[g[~[zZg¶ecY\©a^Y\z«me`mosZ[oyba¯c[q~WZYoYo[ljm ] sZ[¾[~mmoSblZU`ecg Wpdx[~Y É 6 ÒµSbl¹mosZ[Èoyba¯c[ _ 6~ÊcÊ dezpWpyV[d¾Wpmida^moq\s«mosZ[¾[~mmoSblZUµecg Wkdx[~Y É 6 * SblmosZ[ 6~ÊcÊdezpWpyb[ ] ­ lmosZ[xpYo[[ljm²[~moWZxµmosZ[[ Wpdx®[~Yt¢a^Yo[ecmos[~mme¡xeXoSVmoSbeXlÒ¿e¡mospa^m²mosZ[iSbljm[~Y\lpacyybSlZ[¥Wp[z¹Sb _ º aclkz`mosZ[¡yV[~gm uwspaclpz`mY\SdxecmeXl¹mosp[ 6~ÊcÊ SbWk[z`me±qveXljmYoeXymosZ[¥g[~[zZgecYua^Y\zÏme±mosZ[¾oybac[ ]i sZ[g[~[zZgecYoa^Y\zSbecxpmoSbdS[zSbla±oSbd±Sbyba^YdaclklZ[~YmeµmosZ[°dacom[~Yyac[~Y ] sp[¾dacom[~Yyac[~Y¥Sb\q~aclplZ[zÏe¯c[~Y¡a¬yba^YoUc[¾Y\aclZUc[WpoSlZUmosZ[¾UcY\a^moSblZUZ¿a^eXWZm 6~ÊÎÐ ecYdecYo[ ] sp[¾oyac[Èg¶[~[zpg¶ecYoa^Y\z¿®m[dx[~Y\a^moWZY\[¾aclpz¤q~WZY\Yo[lnmia^Yo[ÈmosZ[l¤acz Wpm[zÏme¬UXSbc[°mosZ[daZSbd¾WpdSbl [qvm[z\q~aclY\aclZUc[ ]

Page 31: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

Â1 4 2E& &/2 2E0 6 + +4 */+ $) sZ[l[vZacdSblkSblZUmosZ[gYo[hWZ[lpqvª¹moa^kSybSVmwª¬ecg£aybaco[~Yªm[d mosp[~Yo[°a^Yo[¡mw©e¬zpSV§®[~Yo[ljmYo[~UXSd[mospa^m¬lZ[~[z|me ®[qveXlkoSbzZ[~Yo[z ] sZ[¹pYtm±Sbmosp[yVeXlZUm[~Y\d moa^kSbySVmwªc¿©sZ[~Yo[ À ybeXlZU¸m[~Y\dÁ¦SbzZ[~x[lpzp[lnmeXlÏmosZ[¾xkWZYoxeX[¥moska^mmosZ[¾ybac[~YSb[SblpU±Wp[zg¶ecYikWZmiq~acl[¡Y\eXWZUXspyVª¹qveXlpoSzZ[~Yo[zme°®[d±SbljWpm[¢me©[~[~½ ]£ sZ[yVeXlZU¥m[~Ytd moa^kSybSVmwª°ecgmosZ[ybac[~Y©Sb£Sbdx®ecY\moaclnm¢gecY£Yo[~x[a^m[zYtWplpecgmosZ[°[vx[~Y\Sbd[ljm~¿me`[lpoWZYo[¾mospa^mmosZ[ybac[~YigYo[hjWp[lpqvªSbacyVaª¥a^mmosZ[oacd[Èxkybacqv[¾eXl«mosZ[a^meXdSqa^kecYoxpmoSbeXl¾ySblZ[ ] spSbTSb³xka^YomoSbq~Wkyba^Y\yVªSbdx®ecY\moaclnm³g¶ecY£hWpacljmoWpd SblZgecY\da^moSbeXl°xkYoeqv[\oSblZU[vx[~Y\Sbd[ljmo¢sZ[~Y\[mosZ[acyVUcecY\Sbmospd Sb¢m¼ªjxSbq~acybyVª¾xpYoecka^SbybSbmoSq²aclpzoe¡d°Wkm£[Yo[~x[a^m[z±aya^YoUc[lWpd°®[~YecgTmoSbd[meecpmoacSblmosZ[zZ[oSVY\[z`Yo[oWpyVm ]

eXlZU¡m[~Ytd gYo[hjWp[lpqvª¾omoa^kSbybSVm¼ª¾S¢ecpmoacSblZ[zjªyVeqo½SblZU¥mosZ[iybac[~Y£me¾a¥gYo[hjWp[lpqvªÈYo[~g¶[~Y\[lpqv[ ] sp[deXmqveXddeXlgYo[hjWp[lpqvªµY\[~g¶[~Yo[lkqv[Wp[za^Yo[¡a^meXdSbqmY\aclpoSVmoSbeXlpSbla^meXdSbla^a^xeXWZYqv[ybyaclpz pa^pY\ªnuwɳ[~Yoecmq~a¯SVmoSb[ ] oSblZU¾acl¬a^meXd±SbqimY\aclpoSVmoSbeXlµaca¾g¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvªYo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[spac©mosZ[aczZ^acljmoa^Uc[°mospa^mmosZ[¡a^koeXybWZm[¥gYo[hjWp[lpqvª`ecg³mosp[mY\aclpoSbmoSVeXl¹SbZ[z ]© sZ[dacSblzpSboaczZ^acljmoa^Uc[ecg¾yVeq\½SlZU¦me|acl a^meXdSbq«mY\aclp\SVmoSVeXl a^Yo[Ïmoska^m¬mosp[«a¯acSbya^kyV[«mY\aclpoSVmoSbeXlp±da¯ª lZecm`[Ïq~ybeX[me¹mosZ[zZ[\SVYo[z«g¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvªgecY¥mosZ[È[vx[~Y\Sbd[lnm~¿aclpz¤mosZ[a^koecYoxpmoSVeXl¤oSVUXlkacy³Sm¼ªjxSbq~acybyVªgacSVY\ybªod±acyby ] pa^pYoªjuwɳ[~Yoecmq~a¯SbmoSV[q~acl¹[daclWZgacqvmoWZYo[z`meUXSbc[¡aq\sZeXo[lgYo[~[x[qvmY\acyY\aclpUc[aclpzybSlZ[~SbzZmos±jª¬q\sZeeXoSblpU¾mosp[q~a¯Sbmwª¹yV[lZUcmos`aclpz¹dSbYoYoecY©Yo[ p[qvmoSVSVmoSV[©Yo[x[qvmoSVc[ybª ]£­ l`aczpzkSVmoSVeXl¿aczpzkSblZU`a¹É 0 me¹eXlZ[ecgmosZ[dSVYoYoecYtiacyyVe¯imosZ[x[a^½Ïx®eX\SVmoSVeXlpme¹[È\q~aclplZ[z¤e¹mosZ[yVeqo½xeXSbljm°q~acl [µdec[z me«a«zZ[oSVY\[z¸gYo[hjWp[lpqvª ]Ï sp[µzpSb\aczZacljmoa^Uc[°ecga ka^pYoªjuwÉ [~Y\ecmÈq~a¯Sbmwªa^Yo[µmospa^m°acl a^keXybWpm[±gYo[hjWp[lpqvªÏY\[~g¶[~Yo[lkqv[µSb°lZecmecpmoacSblp[z¦aclpz¦mosZ[µmoa^SbybSVm¼ªÏecgmosZ[¬yVeq\½SbzZ[~x[lpzp[lnmTeXlmosZ[omoa^kSbybSVm¼ª¡ecg®mosZ[q~aSVm¼ª ]² spa^m£Sb¿XSVgkmosZ[ecxkmoSbq~acypyV[lZUcmosÈecg®mosZ[q~a¯SVm¼ªq\spaclZUc[SbmosmoSbd[zpWZ[me¾m[dx®[~Yta^moWZYo[ecY©xpYo[\oWZYo[ WpqvmoWpa^moSVeXlpmosZ[a^keXybWpm[^acybWZ[ecgmosp[iyVeqo½xeXSbljmgYo[hWZ[lpqvª¬Sbybyq\skaclZUc[¡qvecYoYo[ox®eXlkzpSblZUXyVª ]

sZ[£ecmosZ[~Y³Yo[~UXSbd[²mospa^m lZ[~[zk´me[²qveXlkoSbzZ[~Yo[z¡Sb´mosZ[osZecYom´m[~Ytd gYo[hWZ[lpqvª¥moa^kSbySVmwªiecgmosZ[ybaco[~Y ]¢­ mSb©ec[~YmospSb©moSbd[\q~acyV[mospa^mmosZ[gacom kWpqvmoWpa^moSVeXlk©Slµybaco[~Yg¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvªµzpWZ[me[vm[~Ytlpacy[ljSbYoeXlpd[ljmoacy³[v§®[qvmoaclkz«lpeXSb[¡SVmospSblmosZ[ybac[~Y¥SVmo[yVg£a^Y\[¾me`[Èq~aclpqv[ybyV[zÏeXWZm ] ©ªWpo[°ecg[yV[qvmY\eXlpSbq¥g[~[zZkacq\½¹memosZ[¡ybaco[~Yq~WZYoY\[lnmaclpzUcY\a^moSblZUµÉ 0 ybaco[~YgYo[hjWp[lpqvª!WpqvmoWpa^moSVeXlpq~acl[¾Yo[zpWpqv[zÏme¹a¬ya^YoUc[zZ[~UcYo[~[ ]¥­ g£mosZ[¾g¶[~[zZacqo½Y\[xeXlp[ÈSbgacm[lZeXWZUXs«mosZ[Èybac[~Y¥ybSlZ[~SbzZmosq~acl ®[Yo[zpWpqv[z|ªmosZ[[yV[qvmYoeXlkSbq¹g[~[zZkacqo½ ] gYo[~[YtWplplpSblpU«ybaco[~Y±zpSVezZ[¹mwªxkSbq~acyyVª spacµaybSlZ[~SbzZmos¤ecgecY\zZ[~Y 6~ÊcÊXÍÎÐc]) SVmoslZ[~UXa^moSVc[¬[yV[qvmYoeXlkSbq±g[~[zZkacq\½¦aclpz gacom¡[yV[qvmYoeXlkSbq~¾mospSbq~acl¾[²Yo[zkWpqv[z¡meWplpzp[~Y³a½SyVeXsZ[~Yom Ð9 ºZ;»] . xpmoSbq~acyXg[~[zZkacq\½°q~acl¾UXSVc[qveXdxka^Y\a^yV[²Yo[\WpyVmo 9 º* ;»]

­ l¥ecY\zp[~Y´g¶ecY g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvªimoa^kSbySboa^moSVeXliecgmosZ[£ybac[~Y me[£acq~qveXdxkybSb\sZ[zmosZ[£ªm[dÆY\[hjWpSbYo[ 9 º ;6^] ZYo[hWZ[lpqvª _ [dezkWpyba^mecYime`zp[~m[~Y\dSblZ[¾mosZ[ÈzpS¨§[~Yo[lpqv[¾[~mw©[~[l¤mosZ[¾yac[~Yg¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvª

º

Page 32: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

- # ! - º*

aclpz¹mosZ[Y\[~g¶[~Yo[lkqv[g¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvªº] [~Yoce^uwacdxkybSbp[~Yme±acdxkySVg¶ª±mosZ[[~YoYoecYoSVUXlpacyÒ ] pYo[hjWp[lpqvª Í ezpWpyba^mecYme±acyyVe¯Æmosp[ybac[~YgYo[hjWp[lpqvªµme±®[¥qtspaclZUc[zª±mosp[g¶[~[zpkacqo½yVejecx

ac[~Y¢g¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvª¡dezpWpyba^moSVeXl¡g¶ecY¢[vm[lpzZ[zÈq~a¯SVm¼ª¾zkSVezp[ybac[~Yt³S xpY\e¯SbzZ[z°jª¾dezkWpyba^moSblZUmosZ[ybaco[~Y£q~WZYoYo[ljm¢ecY¢UcY\a^moSblZUÉ 0 ceXyVmoa^Uc[ ]£ sp[o[~Yoce^uwacdxkybSbp[~Y£WpoWpacyyVªqveXlpoSbomoTecg®a¥moaclkzpa^Y\zÉ ­ecYÉ ­ _ yVeqo½±q~SbY\q~WpSVm ]T sZ[gYo[hWZ[lpqvªzZ[dezpWkyba^mecYSb²mosZ[sp[a^Yomecgmosp[gYo[hjWp[lpqvªmoa^kSbySboa^moSVeXlªm[d aclkzaljWkd¡[~YecgToq\sZ[d[[vZSbmmexpY\e¯SbzZ[mosZ[deXm[lpoSVmoSbc[i[~Y\YoecYoSVUXlkacyx®eX\oSVkyV[ ]­ l dacljª ªm[dµa pa^pY\ªnuwɳ[~Yoecm`q~aSVmwª Sb±Wpo[z acmosp[xka^Y\acd[~m[~Y\±ecg¥mosp[q~aSVmwª q~acl [qtsZeX[l«g¶ecYimosZ[Èx[q~SVkqa^xkxkybSbq~a^moSVeXl ] Ñ[eXlpaclkqv[¾ybSlZ[SblÏSVezpSblZ[c¿kacyb½acybS ecYecmosp[~Yi^a^xeXWZY\a^Yo[Wpo[z SbleXd[`q~ac[ ]¤­ l¦mosp[¬zZ[\qvY\SVxpmoSVeXlkecgmosZ[¬^a^Y\SVeXWp¾yVeqo½SblZUÏoªm[d±¾zkSboq~Wpoo[z¦Sbl¦mosZ[lZ[vm[qvmoSVeXlpSVmSb©acooWpd[zµmoska^mmosZ[gYo[hWZ[lpqvª±zZ[dezpWkyba^mecY©Sa pa^pY\ªnuwɳ[~Yoecmq~a¯SVm¼ªµWplkyV[oecmosZ[~Y\Sb[moa^m[z ]

­ lacybyoªm[d±mosZ[dSblkSbd°Wkd zp[~m[qvmoa^kyV[ Í lZeXSb[mospa^mq~acl[¥zZ[~m[qvm[zª¬mosZ[zZ[dezuWpya^mecYSb X sZ[~Yo[ SbmosZ[°da^UXlpSVmoWpzp[iecgTmosZ[lpeXSb[¥ecg³mosZ[gYo[hjWp[lpqvª¬zkSboqvY\Sbd±Sblpa^mecYaclpzSbmosZ[¡\yVecx[iecg³mosZ[gYo[hWZ[lpqvª`zpSboqvYtSbdSblpa^mecYq~WZYoc[ ]

Â1 $ 6&/$ 25$'& ©eXljmYoeXy SbmosZ[xkYoeqv[\ecg¢q~acWpoSblpU±aªm[d ^acybWZ[¡meµqveXlZgecY\d meµeXd[°zp[oSVYo[z`^acybWZ[c¿kq~acyyV[za±Yo[~g¶[~Y\[lpqv[^acybWZ[ 9 º, ;»]©­ lmosZ[¡q~ac[¾ecg¢ybac[~Ymoa^SbybSboa^moSbeXl`mosZ[¡ªm[d acybWp[¥mospa^mSbqveXlnmYoeXyyV[zSbmosZ[ybac[~Y©g¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvª ]³­ mSbacye¡xeXooSbkyV[meÈqveXlnmYoeXy®mosZ[ybac[~YSbljm[lpoSVm¼ªWpoSblpU¡a°qveXljmYoeXyyVeecx´¿sZe[~c[~Y¬mospSb±SblZecm±lZ[qv[\oa^Yoª|a^mmosZ[xkYo[[ljm±moa^Uc[ecgieXWZY[vx[~Y\Sbd[ljm~¿acyVmosZeXWZUXs Sbmdaª[qveXd[¡lp[qv[ooa^Yoª¹Sbl`ecY\zp[~Ymex[~YogecY\d xpYo[q~Sbo[hWpacljmoWpd yVecUXSqecx®[~Yta^moSVeXlp ]

sZ[mw©e±acoSbqgecY\decg¢ªm[d qveXlnmYoeXy a^Yo[ecx[luwyVeecxaclpzq~yVeX[zuwyVeecxÏqveXljmYoeXy ¿kecYg[~[zugecYoa^Y\zaclpzg¶[~[zZacqo½qveXljmYoeXy´Yo[ox®[qvmoSbc[yVª ]²­ l¹ecx[luwyVeecxqveXljmYoeXy´mosZ[°eXWZmxkWZmecgTmosZ[°ªom[dSb°lZecm°d[acoWZYo[z¿³aclpz¦sp[lpqv[±mosZ[µeXWZmxkWZm°q~aclplZecm¡[±Wk[zme¤deXlpSVmecY¾sZe¯ q~yVeX[yVª¤mosZ[µeXWZm uxkWpmecg¢mosZ[°oªm[d geXybyVe¯mosZ[¾zZ[oSVYo[z®[skaSVeXWZY ]­ lq~yVeX[zZuwyVejecx«qveXlnmY\eXy mosZ[°eXWZmxkWZmecg¢mosZ[ªm[d SbqveXdxa^Yo[zmeµmosZ[Yo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[¾SblZxkWZm~¿ZaclpzmosZ[¡qveXljmYoeXy xka^Y\acd[~m[~Y\ecg¢mosZ[¡ªm[d q~aclmosZ[l¬[acz Wkm[z±medSlpSbdSbo[mosZ[zpS¨§[~Yo[lpqv[i®[~m¼[~[l`mosp[iacqvmoWpacy[spa¯SbeXWZY©aclkzµmosp[izZ[\SVYo[z[spa¯SVeXWpY ]

sZ[¥kacoSbqgecY\d ecgTaq~yVeXo[zuwyVeecxqveXlnmY\eXy ªm[d SbosZe¯l¹Sbl TSVUXWZYo[¡Ò ] 6^]

Σ−

+ControlInput

MeasuredOutput

Actuator

Disturbance

u(t)=Input y(t)=OutputProcess

Detector

ErrorSignal

e(t)

Delay

³SbUXWZYo[¡Ò ] 6 yVeqo½¹zpSba^UcYtacd ecgTUc[lZ[~Y\acybSbo[z¹qveXlnmYoeXy yVeecx

sZ[°sZ[a^Y\mecg¢mosZ[°e¯c[~Y\acybyTªm[d Sba±xpYoeqv[omospa^mxpY\ezpWkqv[eXd[°eXWZmxkWZm ] spSbeXWpmxkWZmSb¥zp[~m[qvm[z¸WpoSblpU¬a¹[lkecYaclpz¤mosZ[^acybWZ[qveXdxka^Y\[z¤me¹mosZ[Yo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[^acybWZ[ÈecY À [~m u»xeXSbljmoÁ¿ ¿me¡xpY\ezpWkqv[acl[~YoYoecY©oSVUXlpacy»¿ ¿S ] [ ] ad[acoWZY\[d[lnmecgsZe¯ ga^YmosZ[eXWZmxWZm²Sb¢gYoeXd mosZ[

Page 33: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

- # ! - º

zZ[\SVYo[z^acybWZ[ ]¢ sp[[~YoYoecYoSVUXlkacykSb²mosZ[lµWk[zmeÈSbl&kWp[lpqv[mosZ[ieXWZmxkWZm²ecg´mosZ[xkYoeqv[\²mosZY\eXWZUXsWpo[¬ecgacl acqvmoWpa^mecY ] sZ[`xpYoeqv[oSVmo[ybgSboWZ [qvmÈme¸zpSbomoWZYokaclpqv[¾mospa^mgecY\qv[¹mosZ[¹eXWpmxkWZma¯©a¯ªÏgYoeXd mosZ[È[~m u»xeXSblnmiY\aclpzpeXdyVªc¿S ] [ ] mosZ[~Yo[ÈSblpeXSb[¾xpYo[[ljmiSlmosZ[ªm[d ]­ lÏaczpzkSVmoSVeXl¿mosZ[~Y\[¾SbaclÏWklpaceXSbzka^kyV[¡zZ[yaª[~mw©[~[l«d[acoWZYo[d[lnmiecg¢mosZ[¾eXWZmxkWZmecg¢mosZ[°ªm[d aclpzmosZ[qvecYoY\[qvmoSVeXl«®[SlZU±a^xpxkySV[z¹me¬mosZ[¾oªm[d ] spSzZ[yba¯ªSbgWplpzkacd[lnmoacyyVª¬ySbdSVm[z¹ª[yV[qvmYtSbq~acyecY¥ecxpmoSq~acy³\SVUXlpacy xpYoecxka^UXa^moSVeXl«moSbd[ispe¯©[~c[~Y[yV[d[ljmo¥oWpqts«acacdxybSVp[~Y\daªÏxpYoezpWpqv[Èacl[vmY\azZ[yaª ]

­ l¹mosZ[qveXljm[vmecg¢ybac[~YgYo[hWZ[lpqvª`moa^kSbybSoa^moSVeXl¬mosZ[¥xpYoeqv[oSmosZ[¡ybac[~Y¯¿ZspSbqts`xpYoezpWpqv[acl eXWZmxWZm`ecg°a ybac[~Y¹[acd ecg°eXd[moSbd[«a^YoªSblZUxkspaco[c¿gYo[hWZ[lpqvª aclpz Sbljm[lpoSbmwª ] pecYmosZ[«xkWZY\x®eXo[¹ecgg¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvª omoa^kSbybSb\a^moSVeXl|mosZ[«eXWZmxkWZm±a^Y\Sa^kyV[SbµmosZ[«ybac[~Y¬g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvª ] sZ[[lkecYWpo[z¹me±zZ[~m[qvmmosZ[gYo[hjWp[lpqvª¹SbWpoWkacybyVª±aclÏa^meXdSbq¥Yo[oeXlpaclpqv[¡ecY!pa^pYoªjuwɳ[~Yoecm[~moacybeXlYo[oeXlpaclpqv[c¿´acSbizpSboq~Wp\[zSbl«decYo[ÈzZ[~moacSby³yba^m[~Y¥SblÏmospSbiq\spa^xkm[~Y ]¥ sZ[°zp[~m[qvmecYxpYoezpWpqv[iacl[yV[qvmYtSbq~acyceXyVmoa^Uc[moska^m£Sbl¾mosZ[SbzZ[acyZq~ac[^a^Y\SV[¢ybSlZ[a^Y\yVªac¢mosp[©gYo[hWZ[lpqvª°ecgmosZ[ybaco[~Y£q\spaclZUc[ ] skSb¢ceXyVmoa^Uc[Sb£mosp[l±qveXdxka^Y\[z±me°mosZ[[~m u»xeXSbljm£ceXyVmoa^Uc[me°xpYoezpWpqv[mosZ[[~YoYoecY\SVUXlpacyZceXyVmoa^Uc[ ] sp[¾[~Y\YoecYoSVUXlpacyTSb¥a^xkxkybSV[zÏme¹mosZ[acqvmoWpa^mecY°me¹pY\SblZU¬mosZ[ybac[~Y¥gYo[hWZ[lpqvªÏme¹mosZ[[~m¥^acybWZ[ ] sp[acqvmoWpa^mecYqveXlpoSbomo¢ecga¡yVeecxkyVm[~Y¯¿jzpSb\q~Wpo[zÈgWZYomosZ[~Y²®[ybe¯¿naclkz±acleXWpmxkWZm¢mospa^m©qveXlnmYoeXymosZ[µybac[~Y¡gYo[hWZ[lpqvª¤oWpqts¦acmosp[±ybac[~Y¡q~WpYoYo[ljmecY¡mosZ[±ceXyVmoa^Uc[¬a^xkxkybSV[z«memosp[xkSV[ Ð e^u»[yV[qvmYtSbqmY\aclkozpWpqv[~Ya^mmoacqtsZ[zÏmemosZ[UcY\a^moSlZU ]

(a> a>@= A"2 $ D " 5H oLZJ/ ! $ sp[acSbd ecgqveXlnmYoeXypmosZ[~ecYoªÈSbTme¡aclpacyVª[mosZ[oªm[d aclpzsZ[lpqv[zp[oSVUXlacqvmoWpa^mecY\me¡q~acWpo[mosZ[ªm[d me±½c[~[~x«a^mmosZ[¾[~m u»xeXSblnm ] sZ[°oSbdxkyb[maclpacyVªoSbaco\Wpd[moska^mmosZ[¡oªm[d SbySblZ[a^Y¿skSbq\s«Sbia±Uceez¤a^xpxkYoeZSbda^moSVeXlÏsZ[lÏmosZ[Ȫm[d Sbq~ybeX[ÈmeµmosZ[È[~mxeXSbljm ]­ lmoskSbY\[~UXSbd[mosZ[oªm[d q~acl|[¬Y\[~UXa^Y\zZ[z|acaybSlZ[a^Yªom[dfmospa^mmY\aclpog¶ecY\d±ÈmosZ[¹SblZxkWZm¾moSbd[`^a^YoªSblZUoSbUXlpacy SbljmeÈaclµeXWpmxkWZm©moSbd[ia^YoªSblZUÈoSVUXlkacy t]¢­ l¬ecY\zZ[~Y©meeXyVc[g¶ecY aca¾gWklpqvmoSVeXlecg SbmiSblZ[qv[\oa^Yoªme¹eXybc[Èa`ªm[d ecgqveXWpxkyV[z¤ybSblZ[a^YiecY\zpSlpa^YoªzpS¨§[~Yo[ljmoSbacy [hjWpa^moSbeXlp ] sp[acooWpdxkmoSVeXl¤ecgªom[d·ybSblZ[a^YtSVmwª«acybyVe¯¥mosZ[xpY\eckyV[d me[oSbdxkybSVp[zÏWpoSblpU¬mYtaclpgecY\dd[~mospezpmeklpzpSlZU°mosp[¡eXybWZmoSbeXl`ecg³aoªm[d ecgTqveXWpxkyV[z¹acyVUc[~pYtacSbq[hjWka^moSVeXlp ]

sZ[ a^xkyacqv[mY\aclpgecY\d¹¿pzp[~klZ[z`ª¬ d

, [sp[~Yo[ df [ d 6 ¿ZSb²mosp[qveXdxkyV[v±gYo[hWZ[lpqvªc¿ZSbWpoWpacyyVªWp[z`Sbl¬aclpacyVªoSblZU¾ªom[dYo[ox®eXlk[µoSlpqv[±deXm¾xpYoecyV[d¡SlnceXyVc[`aclpacyVªoSblpUmosZ[±mYtaclpoSV[ljm¡Yo[ox®eXlk[±ecgmosp[µªm[d meam[~x ecY±SbdxkWkyb[`SblZxkWZm¾a^m d Ê . ]| sZ[ ZeXWpY\SV[~YmY\aclpog¶ecY\dfSacybe¸Wp[z me aclpacyVª[`mosZ[[spa¯SVeXWpYecg²ySblZ[a^Yªom[d~¿kWZmSbidecYo[¾ecg¶m[lWpo[z«SlmosZ[qveXljm[vm¥ecg²\SVUXlpacy³aclpacyVªoSbiaclpzsZ[lkqv[Sbyby®lZecm[qveXlp\SbzZ[~Yo[z¹sZ[~Y\[ ]

sZ[ÈmY\aclpg[~YgWplkqvmoSVeXl¿ ¿ecgaclÏ[yb[d[lnm¥ecgmosZ[ªm[d SbiUXSVc[l¤ªmosZ[ÈY\a^moSVe`ecgmosZ[ a^xkybacqv[¹mY\aclpog¶ecY\d ecgmosZ[SblZxkWpm¡gWplpqvmoSVeXl¿ ¿memosZ[ a^xkyacqv[¹mY\aclpgecY\d ecgmosZ[¹eXWpmxkWZmgWplpqvmoSVeXl´¿¬ ¿pS ] [ ]

Ed ¬ È

sp[~Yo[mosZ[ÏzpSbd[lp\SVeXlpecgmosZ[ÏmY\aclpg[~YµgWplpqvmoSbeXl zZ[~x[lpz|eXl mosZ[ÏSlZxkWZmaclpz eXWZmxkWZm±ecg¥mosZ[ªm[d [yV[d[ljm ] ZecY[vZacdxkyb[c¿XmosZ[zZ[~m[qvmecY[yV[d[lnm²Sla¡ybac[~Y²g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvªÈmoa^kSybSboa^moSVeXlo[~moWZxSybyspac[¾aÈmY\aclpg[~YgWplpqvmoSVeXl`Sbmos¹WplpSVmoecg "%$^ÍÎÐc]

sZ[°moSd[¡Yo[ox®eXlk[¡ecg£mosp[Èoªm[d SbmosZ[lÏg¶eXWklpzªSbljc[~YomoSblpU±mosZ[ a^xkyacqv[°mY\aclkg¶ecYtd ecgmosZ[¹mYtaclpg[~YgWplkqvmoSVeXlecgmosZ[ªm[d ]­ l xkY\Sblpq~SVxyV[mospSbq~acl [¹acq~qveXdxkySbosZ[zª Wp[¹ecgiaqveXljmeXWZY¥Sbljm[~UcY\acy´me`Sbljc[~YommosZ[°mY\aclpgecY\da^moSVeXl ]©­ lxkY\acqvmoSbqv[¡mosp[¡mY\aclpog¶[~YigWklpqvmoSVeXlSbWpoWpacyyVª

Page 34: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

- # ! - º,

a±Y\a^moSVe±ecg¢xeXyVªlZeXdSacygWklpqvmoSVeXlpaclkzsZ[lpqv[¾a±xa^YomoSbacygY\acqvmoSVeXlÏ[vxaclpoSVeXl¹geXybyVe[zϪWp[ecgamoa^yV[¥ecg¢moaclpzpa^Y\z`mYtaclpgecY\dSbWk[z¹meYo[~moWpY\l`memosZ[moSd[zZeXdacSbl ]

(a> a> A"2 $ D " 5H oLZJ/ ! 3D D 5I D^L #" sp[¡kyVeqo½zkSba^UcY\acd ecga±ybac[~YigYo[hjWp[lpqvªmoa^kSbySboa^moSVeXlo[~moWZx«SosZel«Sbl9TSVUXWZY\[°Ò ]̺]i sZ[~Yo[a^Yo[¬mw©e¤SblZxkWZmomospa^m°qveXljmYoeXymosZ[µybaco[~Y°gYo[hWZ[lpqvªc¿³mosZ[¬yac[~Y°zpSbezZ[q~WpYoYo[ljm°aclpz¦mosZ[±UcY\a^moSlZUxkSb[ Ð e°ceXyVmoa^Uc[ ] mospSVY\zµd[~mosZez¬me¾qtspaclZUc[mosZ[ybac[~Y©g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvªS²meq\skaclZUc[mosZ[m[dx®[~Yta^moWZYo[ecgpmosp[ybac[~YTsZ[acz°ecY mosp[kaco[~xkyba^m[WkoSblZUamosZ[~Y\dej[yV[qvmYtSbq²qveeXyV[~Y¿csZe[~c[~Y¢mosZ[©yVe¯kaclpzpSbzZmosecgTmospSbqveXljmYoeXy xka^mos¹Yo[lpzp[~Y\SVmSblpa^xkxpYoecxpY\Sa^m[gecYWp[Sl¹ag¶[~[zpkacqo½¹yVeecx ]

ΣΣ Σ

Detector

JFET

Grating Piezo

P−I Controller

I Controller−

++

+

Reference ++

Frequency Fluctuation

Delay

LaserFrequency

6Kf

6Kf

f

TSVUXWZY\[¡Ò ]̺3 yVeqo½¹zpSba^UcY\acd ecg¢ybaco[~Yg¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvª¬moa^SbybSboa^moSbeXl¬o[~moWZx ]

sZ[µybaco[~Y°zpSVezZ[q~WZY\Yo[lnm¾acyVm[~Y\°mosZ[±gYo[hWZ[lpqvª¤ª¸q\spaclZUXSlZUmosZ[µYo[~g¶YtacqvmoSVc[¬SlpzZ[v¤ecgmosZ[ybaco[~Y°zpSVezZ[c¿ aclkz¸q~acl¦spa¯c[¬akaclpzZSzZmos¤WZx¸memosp[Yo[ybaZa^moSVeXleXoq~Sybyba^moSVeXlgYo[hWZ[lpqvª«ecgmosZ[zpSbezZ[c¿TS ] [ ] ecgmosZ[¬ecY\zZ[~Y¾ecg 6 ÎÐc] ) sZ[lmosZ[`q~WZYoYo[ljm°Sb¾dezpWpyba^m[z¦mosZYoeXWZUXs mosZ[¹ WZYoYo[ljmÍ ezkWpyba^moSVeXlSblZxkWpm¡eXlmosZ[ _ 6~ÊcÊ q~WZYoY\[lnmÈqveXlnmY\eXybyV[~YÈmosZ[`kaclpzZSbzZmos¦S°ybSdSVm[z¸me 6~ÊcÊ ½ ÎÐzpWp[¬me¦mosZ[¹xpYoecm[qvmoSVeXl [yV[qvmYoeXlpSbq~±qveXlnmoacSblp[z Sbl mosZ[q~WZY\Yo[lnmqveXljmYoeXybyb[~Y ]| sZ[[`xpYoecm[qvmoSbeXl[yV[qvmY\eXlpSbq~`xpYo[~c[ljmzpacda^Uc[me|mosp[¤yac[~YzpSVezZ[¤zpWZ[«me q~WZYoYo[ljm¹aclpz ceXyVmoa^Uc[¦xSV½c[ ] ilaczpzkSVmoSVeXlpacyaª¹me±qveXljmYoeXy mosZ[¡q~WZY\Yo[lnmSa^acSbyba^kyb[mosZYoeXWZUXsWp[¥ecg¢a q~SVY\q~WkSVma^mmoacq\sZ[zzpSbYo[qvmoyVªÈme°mosp[iybaco[~Y©zpSbezZ[ ]T spS£q~SVY\q~WpSbmspac©akaclkzZSbzZmosecg cÍÎÐ ¿paclpz±a¾d[acoWpYo[z±moWklpSblZUqve[±q~SV[ljm£ecg )Z] ÊcÊXÍÎÐ $ d "¾] sp[ybSbdSVmoa^moSbeXl°ecgdezpWpyba^moSlZUmosp[ybac[~Y£gYo[hWZ[lpqvª¡ªÈWp[ecg®mosZ[q~WZY\Yo[lnm°Sbmospa^m¡mosp[±daZSbd°Wkd g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvª¤[vZq~WZY\oSbeXlSb¥Yo[yba^moSbc[yVª«ybe¯ ]¬ sZ[ybac[~Y¡g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvªq~acleXlpyVª±[¥moWplp[za^eXWZm 6 ÎÐ [~g¶ecYo[Sbm®[~UXSlpmeUceµd¾WpyVmoSdezp[ ]

sZ[[qveXlpzÏd[~mosZez¹ecg¢qveXlnmYoeXyybSblZUÈmosZ[gYo[hWZ[lpqvª¬ecgTmosZ[¡ybac[~YSbª¬acyVm[~YtSblZUmosZ[ceXybmoa^Uc[a^xpxybSV[z¬memosZ[¥UcY\a^moSlZUxkSV[ Ð e ]£ sp[¥UcY\a^moSblZUgecY\dacl¹[vm[~Y\lpacy q~aSVmwª`mospa^mskac[~mYo[eXlkaclpqv[gYo[hWZ[lpq~SV[³zZ[~x[lpzpSblpUeXl¡mosZ[©UcY\a^moSblpUacybSVUXlkd[lnm ]T sZ[kaclpzZSbzZmosecgpmosZ[©xkSV[ Ð eiSb ecgZmosZ[ecYtzZ[~Yecgo[~c[~Y\acysWplpzpYo[z Î [~Yom Ð ¿²aclpz¦mosZ[µmoWklpSblZUqve[±q~SV[ljmÈSb º] Ê Ò ÍÏÎÐ $ d "°]£ sp[µaczZ^aclnmoa^Uc[`ecgWp\SblZU¾mosZ[UcY\a^moSblZUÈmeqveXljmYoeXymosZ[¥ybac[~YgYo[hWZ[lpqvª¬Sb©mospa^mmosZ[¥daZSbd°Wkd gYo[hWZ[lpqvªµ[vq~WZYtoSVeXlSb²yba^YoUc[c¿nSVmosg[~[zZg¶ecY\©a^Y\zme¡mosZ[q~WpYoYo[ljm¢mosZ[ybac[~Y©q~acl[oq~aclplp[z±decYo[mospacl 6~ÊÎÐ [~gecYo[SVm[~UXSblkmeUce±d¾WpyVmoSbdezZ[ ]

sZ[¬zkS¨§®[~Y\[lnm¾q\spa^Y\acqvm[~YtSbmoSbq~¾ecgmosZ[¬mw©eqveXlnmY\eXyxa^mosp°d[acl moska^m¾mosp[¬q~WZY\Yo[lnm¾qveXlnmY\eXySb¡Wp[zmeqvecY\Yo[qvm¡gacm~¿Todacyby¢acdxybSVmoWpzZ[ kWkqvmoWpa^moSVeXlpSl¤mosZ[±ybac[~Y¡g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvª ]¬ sZ[UcY\a^moSlZUacqvmo°memoa^½c[±eXWpm¡yVeXlZUm[~Ytd g¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvª«zZYtSVg¶mo¿´meda^½c[¬oWZYo[mospa^m¡mosZ[±q~WZYoY\[lnm¥g[~[zZkacq\½¸spac

Page 35: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

- # ! - º07

acl«ac[~Y\a^Uc[^acybWZ[°ecg Ð [~Yoe`aclpzsZ[lkqv[°xpY\[~c[lnmmosZ[¾q~WpYoYo[ljmg[~[zZkacqo½¹Y\[acq\spSblpUµmosZ[¾ybSbdSbmecg£SVmoY\aclpUc[ ]

sZ[¥mY\aclpg[~YgWplpqvmoSVeXl`ecgTmosZ[¥g[~[zZkacq\½¹yVejecxÏSbUXSVc[lª 9 º07 ¿ º ; d qveXljm ` ` Ò ] 6¯

sp[~Yo[ SbmosZ[mYtaclpg[~YgWklpqvmoSVeXl`ecgTmosZ[¡ybaco[~YgYo[hjWp[lpqvª¬qveXljmYoeXybyb[~Y¿ SbmosZ[¡mY\aclpg[~YgWplpqvmoSVeXl¤ecg©mosZ[Y\[~g¶[~Yo[lkqv[q~aSVmwª¸aclpz¤xsZecmezp[~m[qvmecY¿³aclkz SbmosZ[mY\aclkg¶[~Y¥gWplpqvmoSbeXlzpWZ[memosp[¡zZ[yba¯ª¬Sbl¹\SVUXlpacyxpYoecxa^UXa^moSVeXlecg³mosZ[¡yVeecx ]

sZ[ybac[~Y¥gYo[hjWp[lpqvªqveXljmYoeXybyV[~YqveXlp\Sbmoecg²m¼eg¶[~[zZacqo½xa^mosp¥Sbl«xka^Y\acybyb[y ¿mosZ[Èxka^mos¤memosZ[yac[~Yq~WZYoYo[ljm¥Sba¬mosZ[ ² aclpz¤mosZ[xka^mos¤memosp[UcY\a^moSblZU¹Sba¬mosZ[UcY\a^moSblpU¹xkSV[ Ð e ] acqtsxka^mos`qveXlp\Sbmo©ecg a¾[~Yoce^uwd[qtspaclpSb\d spaSblZU¾[SVmosZ[~YÉ£YoecxecYomoSbeXlpacy¨u ­ lnm[~UcY\acy®[spa¯SVeXWpY¿ngecYmosZ[q~WZY\Yo[lnm¾g[~[zZkacqo½ xka^mos¿TecY ­ ljm[~UcY\acy©[spaSVeXWZY¯¿³gecYÈmosZ[¬xkSV[ Ð eg[~[zZkacq\½¦xka^mos ]« sp[[¬o[~Yoce[yV[d[lnmo¾a^Yo[±Sbl¦[~Y\SV[¥SVmosmosZ[mYtaclpg[~YgWklpqvmoSVeXlp¥ecgmosZ[±Yo[x[qvmoSVc[µyac[~Y¡SblZxWZmo~¿ aclpz¦a^Yo[sZ[lkqv[¡d°WkyVmoSVxkybSb[zªµmosZ[o[mY\aclpg[~YgWplpqvmoSVeXlk ]¢ sZ[e¯c[~Y\acyy´[v§[qvmecg³mosZ[¥mw©e±g[~[zZkacq\½¬xa^mospSbg¶ecYmosp[¥mY\aclpg[~YgWplpqvmoSVeXlpecgT[acqtsxka^mos¹meµaczpz ]

sZ[©yac[~Y¢SblZxkWZmo q~aclÈ[©dezZ[ybyb[z¡ac¢oSblpUXyV[vu»xeXyV[²yVeu»xkaco³kyVm[~Yt spa¯SlZUaclpzZSbzpmos[hWpacymemosp[¡Sbljc[~Y\[¥ecgTmosZ[¥Yo[yV[~^acljmmoSbd[qveXlpomoaclnmog¶ecYmosZ[q~WZYoYo[ljmaclpz¹xSV[ Ð e 9 Ò Ê];»]

d 6Ef

d 6Ef

Ò ]̺X

sp[~Yo[ d )^` ÊcÊXÍÏÎÐ $ d " ¿ d ºo` Ê Ò ÍÏÎÐ $ d " ¿ Ê\`̺ ~¿ 6~Ê d ] sZ[¥mY\aclpg[~YgWplpqvmoSVeXl`ecgTmosZ[o[~Yoce^uwd[q\skaclpSbod a^xpxkybSV[z¬memosp[¡q~WZYoYo[ljmg[~[zZkacqo½`xka^mosSb

d f 6

6Ef i Ò ] Ò

sp[~Yo[ SbÈmosZ[`xpYoecxecYomoSVeXlkacyUXacSl ecgmosZ[[~Y\ceZ¿ S°mosp[Sblnm[~UcYtacyUXacSbl|aclpz i Sb¾mosZ[Sbljm[~UcY\a^mecYmoSbd[¡qveXlpomoaclnm ]

sZ[¥mY\aclpg[~YgWplpqvmoSVeXl`ecgTmosZ[o[~Yoce^uwd[q\skaclpSbod a^xpxkybSV[z¬memosp[xkSV[ Ð eg[~[zZkacq\½¬xa^mosSb

d 6 l Ò ]+)j

sp[~Yo[ Sbmosp[¡Sbljm[~UcY\acyUXacSblaclkz l SbmosZ[Sbljm[~UcY\a^mecYimoSbd[qveXlpomoaclnm ] sZ[¥e¯c[~Y\acyy qveXljmYoeXybyV[~YmYtaclpg[~YgWklpqvmoSVeXl¹SbsZ[lkqv[ qveXlnm d ` f ` d l f f i f l f

i f l @; c9 6Kf 6Kf @; Ò ]X

sZ[mYtaclpg[~Y©gWplpqvmoSbeXl±gecYacl`ecxpmoSbq~acy®Yo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[¥q~aSVmwª¬Wp[z`aca°g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvªµzpSboqvY\SdSblpa^mecYzZ[~x[lpzkTeXlmosZ[dezZ[ecgecx[~Y\a^moSVeXlecg®mosZ[q~a¯Sbmwªc¿g¶ecY[vacdxyV[sZ[~mosZ[~Y²mosZ[ybSVUXsjm¢mY\aclpod±SVmm[zmosZY\eXWZUXs|ecYYo[ k[qvm[z gYoeXdfmosZ[q~a¯Sbmwª|SbWpo[z ] [qvmoSVeXl Ò ] Ò ]̺ zpSboq~Wko[ÈmosZ[zZ[~moacSybecgimosZ[Yo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[°q~aSVmwª¹mY\aclkg¶[~YgWplkqvmoSVeXl`g¶ecYzpS¨§[~Yo[lnmdezZ[ecgTecx[~Y\a^moSVeXl ]

sZ[¥mY\aclpg[~YgWplpqvmoSVeXl¹zkWZ[¥me±oSVUXlkacyxpYoecxka^UXa^moSVeXlzZ[ybaª¹SbUXSbc[lª d Ò ] *X

sp[~Yo[ SbimosZ[Èmecmoacy¢oSVUXlpacy xpYoecxa^UXa^moSVeXl¤zZ[ybaª«zpWZ[¾me`ecxpmoSbq~acyTaclpz«[yV[qvmY\Sbq~acy³xka^mos¤yV[lpUcmospaclpzzZ[ybaªSbl`mosp[¡[~Yoce[yb[qvmYoeXlpSbq~ ]

Page 36: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

- # ! - Ò Ê

(a> a>( (aJ/!EJ \D D^L #" A"2$ D " 5H oL_J sp[mY\aclpog¶[~YgWplkqvmoSVeXlecgmosZ[ig[~[zZkacqo½lp[~mw©ecYo½±SbWp[zµme¾zZ[~m[~YtdSblZ[spa^m[~Y\ce¡UXacSblµacyWZ[a^Yo[ÈYo[hWpSVY\[zme`ecxpmoSbdS[¡mosZ[¾mY\aclp\SV[lnmiYo[xeXlpo[¡ecg²mosp[°g[~[zZkacq\½¿gecY[vacdxyV[°me`dSblkSbdSb[mosZ[µ[~mmoybSblZU`moSbd[a^g¶m[~Y¾azpSbmoWpYokaclpqv[ ] sZ[xeXyV[ecg©mosZ[mYtaclpg[~YgWklpqvmoSVeXl¿´S ] [ ] mosZ[acyWZ[ecg g¶ecYµspSbqts|mosZ[zZ[lZeXd±Sblpa^mecY±Sb Ð [~YoeZ¿zZ[~m[~Y\dSlZ[¹mosZ[lpa^moWpY\acyYo[xeXlp[¹ecgmosZ[Ϫom[d ] sp[±lpa^moWZY\acy£Yo[xeXlp[ecgmosZ[µªom[d Sb°zZ[~klZ[z¸ac¡mosZ[moSbd[Yo[xeXlp[±ecg©mosp[±ªm[d me«aclSbdxkWpyb[ 9 º,U;»] sZ[°x®eXyb[q~acl«[SVmosZ[~Yi[vSmacoSblpUXyV[¡Yo[acy ^acybWZ[ecYiqveXdxyV[v^acybWZ[¡xacSVY\~¿SVmosmosZ[ÈSbda^UXSlpa^Yoª`xka^Yomecg£mosZ[¡xeXyV[°Yo[~xpYo[o[lnmoSblpUmosZ[¾g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvª¹ecg¢eX\q~Sbybyba^moSVeXlecg¢mosZ[ÈoSVUXlpacy aclpzmosZ[¡Yo[acyxka^Yommosp[¡zpacdxkSlZU°Yta^m[ecgTmosZ[¡oSVUXlkacy ]

pecY[vZacdxkyV[c¿pgecYakY\mecY\zZ[~YmYtaclpg[~YgWklpqvmoSVeXl`SVmos`xeXyV[a^m ¿

3d 6

mosZ[¡moSbd[vuwzZeXdacSl`Yo[xeXlp[Sb 5d k sp[~Yo[ k SbmosZ[WplkSVmm[~xgWplpqvmoSVeXl¿pS ] [ ]

k 3d Ê [ Ê6 [ Ê

Î [lpqv[c¿ZSVgacybypecgmosp[xeXyV[¢ecgmosZ[mY\aclpg[~Y²gWplpqvmoSbeXla^Yo[ybeq~a^m[z¬SblmosZ[iyV[~gm²spacyVgecgmosZ[iqveXdÈuxkyb[vxkybaclZ[©mosZ[©Yo[xeXlp[ecgpmosZ[ªm[d Sb omoa^kyV[c¿XS ] [ ] zpSbmoWpYokaclpqv[ a^Yo[zpacdx[z¡[vxeXlZ[ljmoSbacybyVª ] sp[zpacdxkSblpUµY\a^m[µSblpqvYo[ac[mosp[gWZY\mosZ[~Y¥mosZ[xeXyV[Sb¥yVeq~a^m[z¸gYoeXd mosZ[ecY\SbUXSbl¿´sZe[~c[~Y°mosZ[xpY\[[lpqv[¾ecg£zZ[ybaªÏSblmosZ[¾ªm[d spacmosp[¡[v§[qvmiecgde¯SblZUµmosZ[¡xeXyV[gWpYomosZ[~YSlmosZ[°x®eX\SVmoSVc[zpSbYo[qvmoSVeXl¿[~c[ljmoWpacybyVª«qvYoeXooSblpU¬mosp[ÈSda^UXSblpa^YoªÏaSbaclpz¤UceXSlZU¹Sblnme`mosZ[YtSVUXsnmspacyVg¶u»xkybaclp[ ] mmospSx®eXSlnmmosZ[oªm[d [qveXd[Wplkmoa^kyV[¥aclpz`[~UXSblpme±eXoq~Sbybyba^m[ 9 º,];»]

Â1ÃÂ Ä +03 25#%2E&/2E032 + /+ 254. xkmoSbq~acyYo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[q~aSVmoSV[£a^Y\[Wp[zÈmezZ[dezpWpya^m[mosZ[gYo[hWZ[lpqvª°ecg®a¥ybaco[~Y³[acd oeimoska^m¢mosZ[gYo[hWZ[lpqvªecgmosZ[©yac[~Y¢q~aclÈ®[©zZ[~m[~Y\dSlZ[z ] il¾ecxpmoSbq~acyYo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[q~aSVm¼ªc¿nYo[~g[~Yo[z¾me¥sZ[lpqv[~gecYomosac©aYo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[iq~aSVmwªc¿pqveXlkoSbmo²ecgmw©e¾dSbYoYoecY\£o[~xka^Y\a^m[zµjªa¾zpSbmoaclpqv[ ] Yo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[q~a¯Sbmwªacqvmoac£a¥ybSVUXsjm£mecY\a^Uc[[yb[d[lnm¢sZ[lÈmosZ[Sblpq~SzZ[lnm¢ybaco[~Y£ybSVUXsjmTd±a^moq\sZ[a¥Yo[eXlpaclkqv[g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvªecg£mosp[°q~aSVm¼ª ] spa^mSb¿eXl«q~aSVmwªÏYo[eXlpaclkqv[¾ybSbUXsnmSlZecmiYo[ p[qvm[z«gYoeXd mosZ[°SblpxkWZmdSbYoYoecYecgmosZ[q~a¯SVm¼ªaclpzÈSbTSblpm[acz¾mY\aclp\dSVmm[zzpWZ[©meSbljm[~Yog[~Yo[lpqv[SVmos°mosZ[ybSVUXsjm¢mecYo[zSbl°mosZ[q~aSVmwª ] sp[q~aSVmwª`mY\aclp\dSbooSbeXlµacaÈgWplkqvmoSVeXl`ecg³yac[~Yg¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvª¬spacmosp[¥g¶ecY\d ecg³acl iSVYoªµgWklpqvmoSVeXlaclpz«sZ[lpqv[¾mosZ[ÈacdeXWpljmecgybSVUXsjmmY\aclp\dSVmm[z«q~aclÏ[¾Wp[zÏme`zp[~m[~Y\dSblZ[°mosZ[Èybac[~Yig¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvªYo[ya^moSVc[memosZ[¥Y\[~g¶[~Yo[lkqv[¡q~aSVmwª¹Y\[eXlpacljmg¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvª ] Yo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[q~a¯SVm¼ª¹zZej[lpecmjª¬SVmo[yVg xpYoe¯SbzZ[¥acl¹a^koeXybWZm[g¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvª±Yo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[oSlpqv[mosZ[

Yo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[q~a¯Sbmwª`g¶YtSblZUc[ospSVgmacmosZ[ecxpmoSbq~acyxka^mos¹yV[lpUcmos¹Sbl¬mosZ[¥q~aSVmwª¹q\skaclZUc[~¿pgecY[vacdxkyV[zpWp[¾me¹m[dx®[~Yta^moWZYo[ÈecY¥xpYo[o\WZYo[Èq\spaclZUc[ ]È sZ[°xacooSVc[moa^kSybSVmwªecg©a`Yo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[q~a¯SVm¼ªdaª[SbdxpYoe¯c[z±jªWkoSblZUa°xkacqv[~YdaczZ[ecg Ð [~Y\ezpWpY¿XspSq\s±skac²amosp[~Y\dacyp[vxkaclp\SVeXl±qve[±q~SV[ljmecg Ð [~Yoea^m¥qv[~YomoacSbl¤m[dx[~Y\a^moWZY\[~¿aclpz«jªÏ[~acq~Wpa^moSlZU¹acSVYg¶YoeXd mosZ[q~a¯SVm¼ªÏmea¯ceXSbz¤xpYo[\oWZYo[kWkqvmoWpa^moSVeXlp ] ybm[~Y\lpa^moSVc[yVªc¿^mosZ[©q~aSVmwª°yV[lZUcmos¾q~acl¡[²acqvmoSVc[ybª¡moa^kSbySb[z¥WpoSlZUaxSV[ Ð ej[yb[qvmY\SbqmY\aclkozpWpqv[~Y¬eXl eXlp[Ïecg¥mosZ[¤q~aSVm¼ª dSVYoY\ecY\±aclpz a¦omoa^kybSb[z Yo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[¤ybac[~YoWpq\s ac`acl ­ lmoa^SbybSb[z Î [ [ Sbl¹ag[~[zZkacq\½`ybejecx ]

Page 37: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

- # ! - Ò 6

(a> (a>@= D D "_D. \D %3J L "2 D^LZD "$Ñ[~g¶[~Yo[lkqv[q~a¯SbmoSV[¢a^Yo[q\spa^Ytacqvm[~Y\Sb[zȪmosZ[SVYTgYo[~[x[qvmY\acyY\aclZUc[c¿ ¿cmosZ[SbY³lZ[o[ ecY¢gWpybySzZmosa^mskacyVg®d±aSbd¾Wpd q~a aclpzmosZ[SVYdezZ[mY\WpqvmoWZY\[ ]³ sp[[xka^Ytacd[~m[~Y\²a^Y\[zZ[~m[~Y\d±SblZ[zª¹mosZ[¡q~a¯SVm¼ªdSVY\YoecYYo[ p[qvmoSVSVmoSV[ ¿kacooWkd[z[hWpacy´gecYmosp[¡xpYo[o[lnmzkSboq~Wpo\SVeXl¿ZmosZ[¡q~a¯SbmwªyV[lpUcmos aclpzmosZ[¡dSVY\YoecYY\aczpSbS®ecg¢q~WZYo^a^moWZYo[¿pa^UXacSblÏacooWpd[z`[hWpacy 9 Ò 6 ;»]

sZ[gYo[~[x[qvmY\acyY\aclpUc[ecgTmosZ[¡q~aSVm¼ªSbUXSVc[ljª¬mosZ[moSbd[¡ybSVUXsjmmoa^½c[meµda^½c[°aY\eXWplpzmY\Sbx`Slµmosp[q~a¯Sbmwª ] iooWkdSblZU°mosZ[q~aSVmwª`dSVY\YoecY\©a^Yo[[~xka^Y\a^m[z`ªµacSbY©ecY^acq~WpWpd mosp[q~a¯SbmwªgYo[~[¡x[qvmY\acyYtaclZUc[¡Sb

d º d 6 ^Ê dd

ÎÐ sZ[¥klZ[oo[¥ecg³mosp[q~aSVmwªSbUXSbc[lª

d & 6 sp[l¤mosZ[klZ[oo[ÈS¥ybSbdSVm[zϪÏmosZ[d±SVYoYoecYYo[ p[qvmoSbSVm¼ª ] ZecY¡c[~Yoª¤spSVUXs«klp[o[q~aSVmoSV[SVmosdSbYoYoecY¡Y\[ p[qvmoSVSVmoSV[¡a^xkxpYoeXacq\skSblZU 6 mosZ[¬klZ[oo[µSb¾ybSbdSbm[zjªecmosp[~Y¾gacqvmecY\ÈoWpqts acÈdSbYoYoecYoWpYogacqv[)ka^molZ[oSlpsZeXdecUc[lZ[Sbmwª ]

sZ[¥Yo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[¡q~a¯SVm¼ªybSblZ[~SbzZmos¬SbUXSVc[lª

q~a¯ d sp[¥moSbd[moa^½c[lgecYmosZ[¡ySVUXsnmmeWpSbybz¬WZx¦ecYzZ[q~a¯ª Sbl`mosZ[¥Yo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[¡q~a¯Sbmwª¹SbUXSVc[l¹ª¬mosZ[Sbljc[~Y\[¥ecgTmosZ[°q~aSVmwª¹spacyVgSbzpmos¬a^mspacyVg d±aSbd¾Wpd¹¿pS ] [ ] dƺ q~a 9 º ;»]

sZ[izkS¨§®[~Y\[lpqv[iSl±gYo[hWZ[lpqvªecg mosZ[ Í dezZ[ig¶YoeXd mosZ[ ©Í , , dezZ[iS²UXSVc[l`gecYaªdd[~mYtSbqYo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[¡q~a¯SVm¼ª`jª 9 Ò 6<; d l fÏ º moacl i l d l . "! moacl i l `

­ g mosZ[SlZxkWZm©ybac[~Y[acd Sba¾xkWZYo[UXacWp\oSbacl ©Í , , dezZ[mosZ[l¹Sbl¬xpY\Sblkq~SVxkyV[SbmSx®eX\oSVkyV[meda^moqts±mosp[ybac[~Y£[vZacqvmoyVªSbljmemosZ[ ©Í , , dezZ[ecg®mosZ[Yo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[q~aSVmwªSbmosÈmosZ[a^xpxpYoecxkY\Sba^m[qtsZeXSbqv[ecg²ecxkmoSbq~ ]­ g²mospSSbacqtspSV[~c[zmosZ[l¤eXlkyVªmosZ[ ©Í , , dezZ[iSbyby ®[Èecko[~Yoc[zSblÏmosZ[q~a¯SVm¼ªÏmYtaclpodSb\oSVeXlox®[qvmYtWpd ]¥Î e[~c[~Y¯¿ SVmSbiWpoWpacybybª¬c[~Y\ªÏzpS µq~WpyVmme`[vZacqvmoyVªÏd±a^moq\sSbljmemosZ[q~aSVm¼ª¡aclpz¾eiaodacybyjacdeXWpljm ecgZmYtaclpodSb\oSVeXla^m³mosZ[©ecmosZ[~Y³dezZ[g¶Y\[hjWZ[lkq~SV[ S´eck[~Y\c[z¿acSbosZelSbl TSVUXWZY\[¡Ò ] ](a> (a> ,5L_J #" D D."_D. \D &%5J L A"2 $ D " 5H oL_J ! sp[mY\aclpg[~Y¾gWplkqvmoSVeXlecgaY\[~g¶[~Yo[lkqv[µq~aSVm¼ª SblmYtaclpodSb\oSVeXl¤ecY¾Yo[ p[qvmoSVeXlzZ[~m[~Y\dSlZ[sZemosZ[Yo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[q~aSVm¼ªµ[spa¯c[ac©a¾gYo[hWZ[lpqvª±zZ[dezpWkyba^mecY ]¢ sZ[imY\aclpg[~Y©gWplkqvmoSVeXlµS©zp[~klZ[zac

$#&%('^ 3d*),+.-0/ 1)32 4 sp[~Yo[ )32 4 SbmosZ[ a^xkybacqv[¥mY\aclpog¶ecY\d ecg³mosZ[Sblkq~SbzZ[ljm©ybSbUXsnm[yV[qvmY\Sqp[ybz`aclpz )3+.-0/ SmosZ[ a^xkybacqv[¾mY\aclpgecY\d ecg£mosZ[¾eXWZmxkWZmiybSVUXsjm[yb[qvmY\Sbq°p[ybz¿moa^½c[l¤[SVmosZ[~Yg¶Y\eXd mosZ[¾mY\aclp\dSVmm[zÏecYYo[ k[qvm[z[acd ]

Page 38: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

- # ! - Ò º

sZ[¥[spaSVeXWZYecg³mosZ[Yo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[°q~aSVmwª¹zpS¨§[~Y\oWpkmoacljmoSbacybyVªsZ[~mosZ[~YSVmSWp[z¹Sbl`mY\aclk udSooSVeXlecY´Y\[ p[qvmoSVeXl 9 Ò ºZ;»] ­ l¥mY\aclpod±SbooSVeXlimosZ[²Yo[~g¶[~Y\[lpqv[²q~aSVm¼ª moSbd[¢Yo[ox®eXlk[¢Sb´zZ[~m[~Y\d±SblZ[zªÈmosZ[ybSlZ[~SbzZmos°ecgmosZ[q~a¯Sbmwªc¿ecYdecY\[acq~q~WZY\a^m[ybª¾ªÈmosZ[moSd[moa^½c[lµg¶ecYmosZ[Sbljm[~Y\lpacypq~a¯Sbmwªp[yz¹meµyV[a^½¹eXWpmecg¢mosZ[°q~a¯Sbmwª ] sZ[¡mY\aclpodSooSVeXl`ecg¢mosZ[°q~aSVmwªsp[lpqv[°zpSxkyba¯ªau )XÊ z x[~YzZ[q~aczp[YoeXybyVe^§Sbl`xe¯©[~Ya^e¯c[°mosZ[q~aSVm¼ªybSblZ[~SzZmos±gYo[hWZ[lpqvª ]

­ l°Yo[ p[qvmoSVeXl°mosZ[zZ[dezpWpyba^m[z\SVUXlpacySb´ecpmoacSlZ[z¡ªdeXlpSbmecY\SblZUmosp[ybSVUXsjm Y\[ p[qvm[z¾e^§mosZ[SblpxkWZmdSVY\YoecYecg¢mosZ[¾q~aSVmwª ]i spSbySVUXsnmqveXlpoSbmoecg¢mw©e¬qveXdx®eXlp[lnmo~¿®mosZ[°xpYoeXdxpmoybªµYo[ k[qvm[zybSbUXsnm£moska^m£Yo[ p[qvmo©zpSVYo[qvmoybª°e^§mosZ[SblZxkWZm¢dSbYoYoecY²aclpzmosZ[moSbd[zZ[ybaªc[z¬ybSVUXsjm£zpWZ[me¡mosZ[q~a¯SbmwªyV[a^½^a^Uc[p[yz ] ¥a`qveXlpo[hjWZ[lkqv[mosZ[da^UXlpSVmoWkzZ[°ecgmosZ[q~aSVmwª¤mY\aclkg¶[~YgWplpqvmoSVeXl¤zpSxkyba¯ªiau º^Ê z x®[~YzZ[q~aczZ[YoeXyyVe^§`Slxe¯©[~Ya^e¯c[mosZ[q~aSVm¼ªybSblZ[~SzZmos¡gYo[hWZ[lpqvªc¿S ] [ ] mosZ[da^UXlpSbmoWpzZ[SbxpYoecxecYomoSVeXlpacy³memosp[±Sbljc[~Y\[ecgmosZ[dezpWpyba^moSbeXl¤g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvª ]±­ l¤mospSdezZ[mosZ[q~aSVm¼ª¸q~aclacqvmacÈa¤ybSVUXsjm°mecYta^Uc[¹[yV[d[ljm~¿²acybyVeSblZUÏmosZ[µxspac[¬ecgmosZ[¹Sblpq~Sbzp[lnm¡ySVUXsnm¾me¤[µqveXdxka^Y\[zSbmosmosZ[xkspac[ecgmosZ[ybaco[~YybSVUXsjm²Sblkq~SbzZ[ljm£xpYo[~SVeXWpoybª°ac[~Yta^Uc[z`e¯c[~YmosZ[iq~aSVmwª±omecY\a^Uc[moSbd[ ] skSb£Sb²mosZ[kac\Sb£ecgmosZ[iɳeXWplpzu _ Yo[~c[~Yu Î acybyg¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvªÈomoa^kSbybSbomoa^moSVeXlm[q\sklpSbhWZ[c¿zkSboq~Wpoo[zSbl [qvmoSbeXlÒ ]]

sZ[q~a¯SVm¼ª¡mY\aclkg¶[~Y³gWplpqvmoSVeXl¾SblmYtaclpodSb\oSVeXlaclpz°Yo[ p[qvmoSbeXl¾a^Y\[UXSVc[l°gecYTaiyVeXo\yV[o q~a¯Sbmwªª 9 ÒcÒ ;

$#(%&' d 6 l [vxT ^ºX6 l [vx

$#(%&' d p[vx 6¯6 l [vx Ò ]

Yo[ox®[qvmoSbc[yVªc¿sZ[~Yo[ SbmosZ[¾YoeXWplpzZu»mY\SVxmoSbd[¾SblmosZ[Èq~aSVmwªc¿ d 6 º & ¿aclpz±SbmosZ[dSbYoYoecY©[yV[qvmY\Sbqip[ybz`acdxybSVmoWpzZ[Yo[ p[qvmoSVeXl¹qve[±q~SV[ljm ]² sp[Yo[ k[qvmoSVeXl¹qvej[µq~SV[lnmSY\[yba^m[z`memosZ[°q~aSVmwª`klZ[\[¥jª

d &

º

6Ef ) l& l 6 d Ò ] ,X

sZ[q~aSVmwª¹mYtaclpg[~YgWklpqvmoSVeXlpq~acl®[a^xkxpYoeZSbda^m[zjª¬xeXyVªlpeXdSbacy®gWklpqvmoSVeXlpsp[l`mosZ[zZ[~moWklpSblZUecgmosZ[¬yac[~Y°gYoeXd q~aSVmwª Yo[eXlpaclkqv[¬Sb¾odacyy ¿³S ] [ ] d 0 f ¿²aclpz mosZ[q~a¯SVm¼ª lZ[o[`SbÈspSVUXs¿¢S ] [ ] d & 6 l & 6 l t]¸­ lmospSb°Yo[~UXSbd[c¿²mosZ[`mY\aclpg[~YgWplpqvmoSVeXlkdaª`[a^xpxpYoe¯Sda^m[zac 9 Ò ºZ;

#(%&' 6

6Kf&

#&%('

$#&%(' #&%('

&6

#(%&' Ò ] 7X

­ mq~acl¤[[~[l¤mospa^m¥mosZ[mY\aclkg¶[~Y¥gWplpqvmoSbeXlÏecgmosZ[q~aSVm¼ª«Sbl«mY\aclkodSbo\SVeXlÏdezZ[È[spa¯c[ybSb½c[a¸pY\omecY\zZ[~Y±yVeu»xkaco±kyVm[~Y±q~ybeX[me a¦q~aSVmwª|Yo[oeXlpaclpqv[c¿spSbymÈmosZ[Yo[ p[qvmoSbeXl dezZ[mY\aclkg¶[~YgWplkqvmoSVeXl¹acqvmoacaxkspac[zp[~m[qvmecYiq~yVeXo[¥me±Yo[eXlkaclpqv[¥SVmos`mosZ[°q~aSVmwªdezZ[ ]

(a> (a>( .D % ED D D."_D. \D %3J L_J D.$ Yo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[¡q~a¯SVm¼ª`©acqveXlkmY\Wpqvm[zzkWZY\SblZU¾mosZ[qveXWZYt[¥ecg mosp[¥xpYoe [qvm ]² sZ[¥Yo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[q~a¯Sbmwªac¥ecY\SVUXSlpacybyVªWpo[z¤memoa^kSbybS[°mosp[¾gYo[hWZ[lpqvªÏecgmosZ[ ,** lkd·ybac[~Y¿´spe¯©[~c[~Y°acdecY\[qveXdÈu

Page 39: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

- # ! - ÒcÒ

15W Nichrome Heater Windings

End Caps

Antireflectance

Coated

Window

Stainless Steel

Spacer2BA Spacer Bolts

Zerodur Tube

Inner Copper

Shield

Outer Copper

Shield

"Stycast" Epoxy

Adjustable Feet

Thermistor

Duraluminium

Vacuum Vessel

Heater

Reference

Resistor

To Pump

TSVUXWZYo[¡Ò ] Ò Ñ[~g[~Yo[lpqv[¾ aSVmwª qtsZ[da^moSbq ] . Y\SVUXSblpacy®pUXWpYo[¥g¶Y\eXd 9 Ò )Z;

d[~Ytq~Sbacy´q~aSVmoSV[©[~Yo[xkWZYtq\spac[ze¯c[~YmosZ[¡qveXWZYt[ecg¢mosZ[xkYoe [qvmmosZ[°sZeXd[¡daczZ[¡q~a¯Sbmwª¹acWpo[z°SVmos¾ecmosZ[~Y£ybac[~Y¢ªm[d ]T sZ[sZeXd[d±aczZ[©q~a¯SbmwªÈSbTq~WZYoYo[ljmoyVª[SblZUiWp[z¾gecY¢g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvªmoa^SbybSboa^moSbeXlµecgTmosZ[¡Ò 7 lkd ybac[~Y ] º^Ê dd 0®[~YoezpWZY©xkacqv[~Yac©a¯acSyba^kyV[meÈqveXlkmY\WpqvmmosZ[q~aSVmwª ] spSbUXSVc[a¡gYo[~[¥x[q u

mY\acy Y\aclZUc[°ecg *^ÊcÊXÍÎÐc] 0®[~YoezpWZYspaciaµmosZ[~Y\dacy [vxkaclkoSVeXlqve[±qv[ljm~¿ ¿®ecg¢ecY\zZ[~Y 6~Ê s i ] sp[¥x®eX\SVmoSVeXl`ecgTaq~aSVmwª¹gY\SblpUc[SUXSVc[lª

d º d f

d

6

f d

f

sp[~Yo[ S`mosZ[¤Yo[~g¶YtacqvmoSVc[¸SblpzZ[v ecg°mosZ[¸d[zpSbWpd Sbl mosZ[¸q~aSVm¼ª ] Î [lpqv[gecY¹mosZ[¸a^koeXybWZm[^acybWZ[°ecg£mosZ[¾g¶Y\SlZUc[¡xeXoSVmoSbeXlme¬Yo[dacSbl«moa^kyV[¾me¬SVmospSbla±g[~ d[~UXa Î [~Y\m Ð mosZ[°m[dx®[~Yta^moWZYo[aclpzxpY\[ooWZYo[¬SblpoSzZ[mosZ[¹q~aSVm¼ª d¾Wpm¾®[¬½c[~xpmqveXlpmoacljmmea^eXWZm Ê] 6 aclkz 26~Ê n mecYoYYo[ox®[qvmoSbc[yVª¤ d Ò ] , 6~Ê s ecYoY i g¶ecYacSbY t]

­ l¾ecY\zZ[~YTmeacq\skSV[~c[mospSb³moa^kSbySVmwªmosp[ 0[~YoezkWZY xacqv[~Y£SbTdeXWpljm[zSblpoSbzp[²aiacq~WpWkd q~acl´¿Xmeacybybe¯ mosZ[xpYo[o\WZYo[Sl±mosZ[q~aSVm¼ªµmeÈ[Y\[zpWpqv[z¬[yVe¯ 6 6~Ê n mecYoY ]¢­ l`aczpzpSbmoSVeXl¿jSlpoSbzZ[mosZ[^acq~WpWpd q~aclµa^Yo[mw©e¾qveXlkqv[lnmY\Sqqvecxpx[~YqvªybSblkzZ[~Y\¢SbmosmosZ[ 0[~YoezkWZY£xkacqv[~YqveXlnmoacSlZ[z±SVmospSblmosZ[¬SblplZ[~Y°qvªybSlpzZ[~Y ]¬ sZ[±eXWpm[~Y°qvªybSblpzZ[~Y°Sb¡Wpo[z¦ac¡aÏsZ[a^m[~YÈmeÏdacSlnmoacSbl¦mosZ[±m[dx®[~Yta^moWZYo[SbmospSbl`mosZ[¡q~a¯SbmwªmeµmosZ[¡Yo[hWpSVY\[z¹zZ[~UcYo[~[¡ecg¢acq~q~WZYtacqvª ] sZ[¡SblklZ[~Yqvecxpx[~YqvªybSblpzp[~Y[~Yoc[iaca«kW§[~Y¾®[~m¼[~[l mosp[¬sZ[a^m[~Yaclkz mosp[0®[~Y\ezpWpY¾xacqv[~YÈSbmo[yVgÿToe«moska^m¾mosp[¬xacqv[~YSb°sp[a^m[z[~c[lpybª ] zpSba^UcY\acd ecg³mosZ[^acq~WpWpd q~aclaclpzxacqv[~Y[~moWZxSosZelSbl TSVUXWZY\[¡Ò ] Ò ]

sZ[iqveXdx®eXlp[lnmo©Yo[hWpSVYo[z±meda^½c[mosZ[Y\[~g¶[~Yo[lkqv[iq~a¯SVm¼ª¬aclkz±^acq~WpWpd q~acl`[~Y\[ia¯acSbya^kyV[Sbl`mosp[¡yba^¹gYoeXd mosZ[¡o[~moWZxWp[z¹Sl¹axpYo[~SVeXWpzZeqvmecY\acyxkYoe [qvm ] lWpd°[~Yecg³dezpSVq~a^moSVeXlp

Page 40: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

- # ! - Ò )

©[~Yo[±x[~YogecY\d[z¤eXl¦mosZ[[hWpSVxkd[lnm ] TSVYtmoyVªc¿´mosZ[ *^Ê Yo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[±Yo[oSbmecY¬mosZ[~Y\dSbomecY acYo[~xybacqv[z SVmos spSVUXsZ[~Y¬meXyV[~Y\aclkqv[«SVYo[vu»©eXWplpz Yo[oSbmecYtµme|mosp[¤\acd[¤acybWp[ ] [qveXlpzpyVªc¿mosZ[Yo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[ÈYo[\SbmecYyVeq~a^moSbeXlÏacacyVm[~Yo[z ]­ lpSVmoSbacyyVªµmosp[¾Y\[~g¶[~Yo[lkqv[°Yo[\SbmecYi©ac¥yVeq~a^m[z«eXl«mosZ[SblklZ[~Y¢oWZYogacqv[ecgkmosZ[gYoeXljm³xyba^m[ecgmosZ[^acq~WpWpd q~acl¿jaclpzÈsZ[lpqv[ac¢lZecm£yVeq~a^m[zÈc[~Yoª¾lp[a^Y¢mosZ[xacqv[~YSVmo[yVg ]¥ sZ[¾Yo[~xkybacqv[d[ljm¥Yo[oSmecY\[~Yo[ÈxeXoSVmoSbeXlZ[zSVmos[~xe¯ªÏeXl¤mosZ[ÈeXWZm[~YoWZYogacqv[ecg£mosp[¾SblklZ[~Yqvecxpx[~Y¥qvªybSblpzZ[~Y¯¿ke¬mospa^mmosZ[°[ljSVYoeXlpd[ljmiecg£mosZ[¾Yo[~g¶[~Y\[lpqv[°Y\[oSbmecYi©ac¥q~ybeX[~YmeÏmospa^m¡ecgmosZ[¬xkacqv[~Y ] TSblpacyyVªc¿ a 6 ½ xecm[ljmoSVeXd[~m[~Y¾©ac¾aczpzZ[z¦eXWZmooSbzp[mosZ[^acq~WpWpd q~aclmeµmosZ[¡q~SVY\q~WkSVmqveXlplZ[qvmoSblpUmosZ[Yo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[°Yo[oSbomecYme±mosZ[¡m[dx[~Y\a^moWZYo[¡qveXljmYoeXybyb[~Y ] ) spSbybommospSbzZe[izZ[~UcY\aczZ[¾mosZ[°omoa^kSbybSVm¼ª`ecg¢mosZ[°Y\[~g¶[~Yo[lkqv[¡Yo[oSmecY¿zpWZ[me¬mosZ[¾Yo[yba^moSVc[yVª`xeecYmoa^kSybSVmwª`ecgmosZ[xecm[ljmoSVeXd[~m[~Y¿pSVmacybyVe©mosZ[m[dx[~Y\a^moWZYo[iecg mosp[q~a¯Sbmwª¬me¾[q\spaclpUc[z¹jªµacz WkmoSblZU°mosZ[xecm[ljmoSVeXd[~m[~YYo[oSmoaclpqv[ ]£ spS²SblZ[qv[ooa^YoªµSVgmosZ[q~aSVmwªµg¶Y\SlZUc[a^Y\[ilZecmyVeq~a^m[z`Sbl±a¾Wp[~gWpyxkyacqv[Sbl¤mosZ[x[qvmY\Wpd aclkz¸sZ[lpqv[spa¯c[me[de¯c[z¦jª¤q\skaclZUXSblZU¹mosZ[±ecxpmoSbq~acyTxka^mos¸yb[lZUcmosSblkoSbzZ[imosZ[¡q~a¯SVm¼ª ]m¾xpYo[o[lnmmosp[µq~aSVm¼ª¸Sb¡lZecm°qveXlplZ[qvm[z meÏa^acq~WpWpd ªm[d acyby²ecgmosZ[±moSbd[ ] oWpacybybª

mosZ[¬q~aSVmwªSb¡o[acyV[z¦e^§ gYoeXd mosZ[±[ljSVYoeXlpd[ljm¡ª¸aq~ybeX[z¦^acyVc[ ] spSb¥xpY\[~c[lnmo¾xpYo[\oWZYo[kWkqvmoWpa^moSVeXlp¬Sbl mosZ[«ya^ gYoeXd q~acWpoSblpU¦mosZ[¤q~aSVmwª gY\SblZUc[xeXoSbmoSVeXlpme|oskSVg¶m ] Î e[~c[~YmosZ[xpY\[[lpqv[Èecg²acSVY¥a^mYo[zpWpqv[z«xpY\[ooWZYo[¾SblpoSzZ[mosZ[¾acq~WkWpd q~acld[aclpimospa^m¥qveXlnc[qvmoSbeXl¸zpWZ[¾mem[dx[~Y\a^moWpYo[q\spaclpUc[q~aclomoSbybyq~acWp[°q\spaclZUc[Sbl`mosZ[ecxkmoSbq~acyxka^mosyb[lZUcmos ]

. x®[~Yta^moSblZUmosZ[Y\[~g¶[~Yo[lkqv[q~aSVmwª|SVmos acSVY±Sl mosZ[^acq~WpWpd q~acl acybyVe¯mosZ[q~a¯SVm¼ª gY\SblZUc[xeXoSVmoSbeXlpÈme¸[`a^Y\Sb[z|jª acyVm[~Y\SlZU¤mosZ[xpYo[\oWZYo[¹Sblp\SbzZ[¬mosZ[q~aSVm¼ª ] spS¾Sacq~qveXdxkybSosZ[zªqveXlplZ[qvmoSblZUÏmosZ[±^acq~WpWpd q~acl¦me«akacq\½SblpUxkWpdx aclpz¸Yo[zkWpq~SblZU¹mosZ[±xpYo[ooWpYo[SblpoSzZ[ÈmosZ[^acq~WpWpd q~acloybSbUXsnmoyVª ]³ sZ[©acybc[S mosZ[lÈq~yVeXo[zaclpz¡mosp[©xWpdxÈzpSboqveXlplp[qvm[z¡gYoeXd mosZ[acq~WkWpdq~acl ]­ g£a¬ybac[~YSbmosZ[lÏ\q~aclplZ[zÏe¯c[~Ya±q~a¯SbmwªgWpyby x[qvmY\acy YtaclZUc[¡skSbyV[mosZ[°acybc[¾Sbecx[lZ[za«odacybyacdeXWpljm¡mosZ[`q~aSVm¼ª¸g¶YtSblZUc[¡a^Y\[µecko[~Yoc[z¦me¤zZY\Sbg¶m ] ybeXoSblZU¹mosZ[µacybc[¬a^UXacSbla^m¾mosZ[a^xpxkYoecxpY\Sba^m[Slpmoacljmx®eX\SVmoSVeXlp©mosZ[gY\SblpUc[Sbl`mosZ[zZ[oSbYo[z¹yVeq~a^moSVeXl ]

pecYimoskSbq~a¯SbmwªmosZ[ÈdSVY\YoecY\©[~Yo[ÈqveXa^m[z¤me¬spa¯c[aYo[ p[qvmoaclkqv[¾ecg *^Ê SblmosZ[¾g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvªY\aclpUc[Ò 7^Ê u )XÊcÊ lpd aclkz ,^Ê u , Ê lkd¹¿eÈmospa^mmosp[q~a¯Sbmwª¹qveXWpybz¬[iWk[z¬g¶ecYyVeqo½SblZUacljª±ecg mosZ[ybaco[~Y\¾mospa^ma^Yo[`me[¬Wpo[zSl mosp[¬[vx[~Y\Sbd[ljm ]¸ sZ[`klp[o[`qvecYoYo[xeXlpzpSlZUme¤mospSbÈdSbYoYoecYYo[ k[qvmoaclpqv[«S * ¿SbdxkyVªSblZU«a¸gY\SblZUc[¹SbzZmos ecg 6~ÊcÊXÍÎÐc] spSbg¶Y\SlZUc[`SbzZmos acµqtsZeX[l emospa^m¥mosp[q~aSVmwª¤qveXWpybz¤[Wp[z«me¹xpYoeSzZ[oSbzZ[¾ecggY\SblpUc[¾yVeqo½SblZU`gecY¥mosZ[ ,** ybac[~Y¥gecYzpa^Yo½Yo[oeXlpaclpqv[d[acoWpYo[d[ljmo ] sZ[`Yo[yba^moSVc[yVªyba^YoUc[`gY\SblZUc[¬SbzZmos acybybe¯ÈmosZ[¹yVeqo½xeXSbljm°me[dec[z¦WZxaclpzzpe¯l«mosZ[oSzZ[°ecg©mosZ[ÈgY\SblZUc[Ème¹YoeXWZUXskyVª )XÊXÍÏÎÐ g¶YoeXd mosp[ÈskacyVg²daZSbd¾Wpd ] sp[idSbYoYoecY\q~acl`®[[acoSbyVª±Yo[~xkybacqv[zµSVmos¬spSVUXsZ[~Y©Yo[ p[qvmoSbSVm¼ª±dSVY\YoecY\©SVg´aÈdecYo[[lpoSVmoSbc[yVeqo½SbYo[hjWkSVYo[z ] Sbzp[iecg³gY\SblZUc[¥yVeqo½SblZUSbzkSboq~Wpoo[z¹Sbl`UcYo[a^m[~Yzp[~moacSby´Sbl [qvmoSbeXlÒ ]+)(a> (a> $ D D."_D. \D &%5J LZJ@D.$Ñ[~g¶[~Yo[lkqv[Èq~a¯SbmoSV[i[~Yo[ÈxkWpY\q\spaco[zgYoeXd mosZ[ a^moSVeXlpacyTÉsnªoSbq~acy a^ecY\a^mecYoª É ³ g¶ecYigYo[vuhWZ[lpqvª¹moa^kSybSboa^moSVeXl`ecg¢mosp[ecmosZ[~Yybac[~Yoªm[d±Sbl¹mosp[¡[vx®[~YtSbdlZ[ljm ] WpYoYo[ljmoyVª É Yo[~g[~Yu[lpqv[°q~aSVmoSV[a^Y\[[SblZUWp[z`gecYmoa^kSybSboa^moSVeXl`ecg³mosZ[°Ò 7 Ò^lkd¹¿ ,^Ê lpd aclpz ,** lpd yac[~Y\ ]

sZ[ É q~aSVmoSV[³spac[©alWpd¡[~YecgpaczZ^acljmoa^Uc[ ec[~Y mosp[sZeXd[daczZ[²q~a¯SVm¼ª ]¢ sZ[²q~a¯SVmoSb[a^Yo[©dacSbljmoacSblZ[za^m³axpYo[\oWZYo[¢ecg 6~Ê r d a^Y³me[ybSdSblpa^m[TxpYo[\oWZYo[¢[v§[qvmo ]¢ sZ[£m[dx®[~Yta^moWZYo[Sb¡moa^kSbybS[z¤meSVmoskSbl d me[ybSbdSblka^m[m[dx[~Y\a^moWZYo[[v§[qvmo ]¹ sZ[xkY\Sbda^Yoª«aczZ^aclnmoa^Uc[¬Sbmospa^m©eXlZ[ecg´mosZ[q~a¯Sbmwªµd±SVYoYoecY\²Sb²deXWklnm[zµeXl±xSV[ Ð ej[yb[qvmY\SbqmYtaclpozpWpqv[~Yt~¿jacybybe¯SblpUmosZ[q~a¯SbmwªYo[oeXlpaclpqv[gYo[hjWp[lpqvªme¹[acyVm[~Yo[z¤ªÏa^xpxyVªSlZUµa`ceXyVmoa^Uc[±me¹mosZ[xkSV[ Ð e ]¾ spSbixpYoeSzZ[imosZ[aczpzp[zaczZ^aclnmoa^Uc[Èecg¢acybyVeSblZUaµspSVUXsZ[~YklZ[oo[¡q~aSVmwª¹me¬[¡Wp[z´¿kacmosp[¡q~aSVmwªÏybSblZ[~SzZmos`SblZe¾yVeXlZUc[~Ya¡ybSdSVmoa^moSVeXleXl±mosZ[ybac[~Y\q~acl±Y\aclpUc[sZ[l±mosZ[yac[~Y©S²yVeqo½c[zµme°mosp[q~aSVm¼ªg¶YtSblZUc[ ] oqtsZ[da^moSbqecg³mosp[ É Yo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[¡q~a¯SbmwªSbospe¯lSl ³SbUXWZYo[¡Ò ]+)Z]

Page 41: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

- # ! - Ò

Mirror ROC 350mm

S−B Piezo

M−B Piezo

Spacer length 100mm

³SbUXWZYo[¡Ò ]+) qtsZ[da^moSbqecg É Yo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[¡q~a¯SVm¼ª

­ lpSVmoSacybyVª¹mw©eq~aSVmoSV[SVmos«g¶YtSblZUc[¾SbzZmospiecg©a^xpxpYoe¯Sbd±a^m[yVª 6 Ò ÍÏÎÐ [~Yo[xWZY\q\skac[z ] gWZYomosZ[~Y¡mw©e«q~a¯SVmoSb[¡Sbmosg¶YtSblZUc[SzZmospecga^xpxpY\eZSbda^m[yVª¸Ò ÍÏÎÐ [~Yo[µxkWZY\qtspac[z a^®eXWpm¡aªc[a^Yiyba^m[~Y ]

Â1 +oÇ 2 $# &(+8'2 $10 +78 SzZ[¡ecg£gY\SblpUc[°yVeqo½SblZU 9 Ò ; SbimosZ[¾\SbdxkyV[omg¶ecYtd ecgg¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvªmoa^kSbybSoa^moSVeXlSlÏqveXddeXlWp[ ]­ lmospSb¥d[~mosZez¸mosZ[±ybac[~Y¡g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvª«Sb¥xeXoSVmoSbeXlZ[z¤spacyVg©©a¯ª¤WpxmosZ[±oSbzp[¾ecgaq~a¯Sbmwª¤g¶YtSblZUc[ ]ZY\[hjWZ[lkqvª kWpqvmoWpa^moSVeXlk¢g¶Y\eXd mospSb¢xeXSbljm¢mosZ[lµyV[aczme¡a°q\spaclpUc[SblmYtaclpodSVmm[z±ybSVUXsjm£Sblnm[lkoSVmwªmospa^mSba^xpxpY\eZSbda^m[yVªµxpYoecxecYomoSVeXlpacyme±mosZ[¥g¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvª¬qtspaclZUc[ ]

­ lmosp[spSVUXs±[~Yoce°ybejecxµUXacSbl±ybSdSVmTmosZ[Y\[oSbzpWpacyZyac[~Y²gYo[hWZ[lpqvªlZeXSb[Sb£[hWpacypme°mosZ[lpeXSb[SblÏmosZ[ÈgYo[hjWp[lpqvªd[acoWpYo[d[ljma^xkxka^Y\a^moWp 9 º ;»]¥­ g£mosp[¾lZeXS[¾SlmosZ[ÈgYo[hWZ[lpqvªd[ac\WZYo[d[ljmSb¬eXyV[~ª zpWZ[memosZ[¤osZecm`lZeXSb[ÏecgmosZ[¤Sblpq~Sbzp[lnm±yac[~Yµ[acd¹¿mosZ[«\sZecmµlZeXS[«ySbdSVm[z yac[~YybSlZ[~SbzZmos´¿ ¿pSbUXSVc[l¹ª 9 Ò ;

d q~a

sp[~Yo[ q~a Sb©mosZ[¥q~aSVmwª ) ÎiÍ ybSblZ[~SbzZmos¿ Sb©mosZ[¥kaclpzpSbzZmos±ecg mosZ[¥zZ[~m[qvmoSVeXl´¿ Sb©mosZ[ybaco[~Y³xe[~Y¿ Sb mosZ[g¶Y\acqvmoSbeXl°ecgkmosZ[ybac[~YTxe¯©[~YTSlpq~SbzZ[ljm eXl¾mosZ[q~aSVm¼ªc¿ Sb mosZ[mY\aclpodSooSVeXlecgTmosZ[q~a¯SVm¼ª¹eXl¹Yo[eXlkaclpqv[¡aclpz Sbmosp[¡hjWkaclnmoWpd [µq~SV[lpqvª`ecg mosp[¡zZ[~m[qvmecY ]

sZ[¡[vx[~Y\Sbd[ljmoacy [~moWpxÏgecYmoskSbd[~mosZez«SboSbdxkyb[c¿kqveXlpoSbomoSblZUecg£eXlkyVª`mosZ[ ka^pYoªjuwÉ [~Y\ecmq~a¯SVm¼ªaclpzaxksZecmezZ[~m[qvmecY²med[acoWZYo[mosZ[mYtaclpodSVmm[zySVUXsnmTSbljm[lpoSVm¼ª ] decY\[©xkYo[q~Sb[yVeqo½q~aclµ[ecpmoacSblZ[zjªWp\SblZUacl±aczkzpSVmoSVeXlpacyxsZecmezkSVezp[me°d[acoWpYo[mosZ[iSblpq~SbzZ[ljm£ybSVUXsjm£Sbljm[lpoSVm¼ªc¿e«mospa^mÈacdxkybSbmoWpzZ[lZeXSbo[µSbl¦mosZ[¬yac[~Y°zpSbezZ[µq~acl [µ[ybSbdSblka^m[zjªmoa^½SblZU«mosZ[µY\a^moSVe«ecgmosZ[m¼eÈxksZecmezZ[~m[qvmecYoSVUXlkacyb ]TÎ e[~c[~YmosZ[iacdxkybSbmoWpzZ[moa^kSybSVmwªÈecg´zpSbezZ[ybac[~Y\Sb²spSbUXs±aclpz±mosZ[xkspecmezZ[~m[qvmecYeXlµmosp[iSblkq~SbzZ[ljm²[acd q~acl`®[ilZ[~UXyV[qvm[z¹SVg mosZ[Y\[hjWpSbYo[z±gYo[hWZ[lpqvªmoa^SbybSVm¼ªSblZecmmeje±skSVUXs ]

sZ[¾ybeq\½xeXSbljmecg£mosZ[È[~YoY\ecY\SVUXlpacy³q~aclÏ[Ède¯c[za¯©a¯ª¤g¶YoeXd mosZ[¾gY\SblZUc[¾spacyVg²daZSbd¾Wpdªa^xpxkybªSblpU±acl«e^§[~m ]¥ skSbacyyVe¯mosZ[Èybac[~Yme¬®[Èoq~aclplp[zec[~Y¡a±YtaclZUc[°Y\eXWZUXspyVª¹[hWpacy³memosZ[¬ybSblZ[~SbzZmos«ecgmosZ[µq~a¯Sbmwª ]Î [lpqv[µaÏyVe¯ klZ[oo[±q~aSVmwª acybyVe¯¡aya^YoUc[~Y°oq~acl Y\aclZUc[µme[ecpmoacSlZ[z¿pa^mmosZ[¡[vx[lp[¥ecg³xejecY\[~Yg¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvª¬zZ[dezpWkyba^moSVeXl`aclpzayVeeX[~Yybeq\½ ]

Page 42: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

- # ! - Ò *

sZ[ÈmoSVUXsnmolp[oecg²mosZ[yVeqo½«SbzZ[~x[lpzZ[ljmeXl¤mosp[q~aSVmwª«g¶YtSblZUc[ÈybSblZ[~SzZmos ] spSVUXs«klp[o[q~a¯SVm¼ªspacalpa^Y\Yoe¯ ySblZ[~Sbzpmosµaclpz¹sp[lpqv[mosZ[oybecx®[ecg³mosZ[mY\aclkodSbo\SVeXl`q~WZYoc[a^mspacybg dauSbd¾Wpd·S¡spSVUXs´¿ yV[aczpSlZU¹meÏamoSVUXsnm¾yVeqo½Sbl¸mosp[±ybac[~Y°g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvª ] yba^Y\Uc[xpYoeckyb[d SVmos oSbzZ[ecggY\SblpUc[yVeqo½SblZU Smospa^m¬mY\aclpoSb[lnmµg¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvª|[vZq~WZY\\SVeXlpecg¡UcYo[a^m[~Y`mospacl skacyVg¥mosZ[Ïq~a¯SbmwªybSlZ[~SbzZmos°Sbyyq~acWk[mosZ[ybaco[~Y£g¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvª°me¡de¯c[ec[~Ymosp[g¶Y\SlZUc[aclpzyVeqo½¾memosZ[lZ[vm£q~a¯SbmwªdezZ[ ] decYo[¥oWZpmoyb[xpYoeckyb[d Sbmos±oSbzp[ecg´gY\SblZUc[iyVeqo½SblZU¾SVmos±skSVUXs±lZ[o[iq~aSVmoSV[Sbmospa^m©mosZ[

ybSbUXsnm°mY\aclpodSbmm[z¸mosZYoeXWpUXs¦mosZ[¬q~aSVmwªSb¡lpecm¡mosZ[`ybSVUXsjmmospa^mÈSb¡Slpq~SbzZ[ljmeXl mosZ[¬q~a¯Sbmwª¦a^mÈaUXSVc[l¤deXd[lnmSblmoSd[ ] Ña^mosZ[~Y¿mosZ[¡mYtaclpodSVmm[z«ybSVUXsjmqveXlkoSbmoecg²qveXljmY\SVkWZmoSbeXlpgYoeXd moSbd[zZ[yaªc[zybSVUXsjmmoska^miac¥Sblpq~SzZ[lnmeXl«mosZ[¾q~a¯Sbmwª«xpYo[~SVeXWpoyVª ] sZ[¾zZ[q~aª«moSbd[¾gecYySVUXsnmiSblÏmosZ[q~a¯SVm¼ª¬S²mosZ[¥Sbljc[~Y\[iecg mosp[iybSlZ[~SbzZmosecg mosZ[¥q~aSVm¼ª ]²Î [lkqv[¥mosZ[[~Y\YoecYoSVUXlpacyecpmoacSblZ[z¬gYoeXd aoSzZ[ecggY\SblZUc[yVeqo½me¾a¡spSbUXsklZ[\[q~aSVm¼ª±Sb£Sblk[lpoSVmoSbc[me¾dec[d[ljmecgmosZ[iybac[~Yg¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvªmospa^meq~q~WZY\a^maÈgacm[~YY\a^m[¥moskacl`mosZ[ybSblZ[~SbzZmosecg³mosZ[¥q~aSVmwª 9 Ò *_;»]¢­ mSb©mosZ[~Y\[~g¶ecYo[zkS ±q~WpyVmmeWpo[oSbzZ[¥ecg³g¶YtSblZUc[¥yVeqo½SblZUgecYybac[~YySblZ[~Sbzpmosµlpa^Y\Yoe¯SlZU ]mixpYo[o[lnmioSbzZ[ecg¢gY\SblpUc[yVeq\½SlZUµSbWp[zme`yVeqo½¹mosZ[ÈÒ 7 lpd¹¿ ,** lpd aclpz ,^Ê lpd ybaco[~Y\ ]

sp[`q~a¯Sbmwª|Wp[zme¸yVeqo½ mosZ[Ò 7 ¤dacm[~Yyac[~Yspaca¤klZ[\[`ecg )XÊ aclpz|a¤gY\SblZUc[¬Sbzpmos¦ecg7cÍÏÎÐ ¿[~[ [qvmoSVeXlÒ ] Ò ] Ò¿acybyVeSblZUmosZ[°ybac[~Yme±®[\q~aclplZ[zec[~Ymosp[mY\aclpoSbmoSVeXl¹gecYqvejeXySblZUaclpz[yV[qvmYoezZ[¡qveXdx[lpoa^moSbeXl¹oq~aclp ]

Â1 , $ ÈÇ &/225& $10 +8ilacyVm[~Y\lka^moSVc[£gYo[hjWp[lpqvªiomoa^kSbybSb\a^moSVeXlim[q\splpShjWZ[£SmosZ[£É³eXWplpzu _ Yo[~c[~Yu Î acyby®É _Î d[~mosZez 9 Ò * ;»] sp[É _Î m[q\splpShjWZ[SWp[z¹me±ybeq\½µmosZ[°ybac[~Yme±aYo[eXlpaclpqv[¡ecg³acl¹ecxkmoSbq~acyYo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[¡q~a¯SbmwªWp\SblZUmosZ[Yo[ k[qvm[z±ybSVUXsjm ] a¥Yo[oWpybm³mosp[d[acoWZY\[d[lnm²ecgmosZ[ybac[~Y ¢gYo[hWZ[lpqvªÈSb£zZ[qveXWpxkyV[zgYoeXd SVmoSblnm[lkoSVmwª ]£ sZ[¥Yo[xeXlp[moSbd[¥ecg³mosp[ªom[d SblZecmybSbdSVm[z¬ªµmosp[q~aSVmwªybSlZ[~SbzZmosoSlpqv[¥mosZ[Yo[ k[qvmoSVeXldezZ[¥ecg³mosZ[¡q~aSVm¼ª`SWp[z 9 Ò/ ;»]

spSbm[q\sklpSbhWZ[SbljceXyVc[¡Wpo[ecga`gYo[hWZ[lpqvª¤dezpWpyba^m[zybaco[~Y[acd Sblpq~SzZ[lnmeXl¸aspSVUXsklp[o[iecxpmoSbq~acyYo[~g¶[~Y\[lpqv[iq~a¯Sbmwª ] sZ[gYo[hWZ[lpqvª±dezpWpya^moSVeXl±a^m©g¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvª xpYoezpWpqv[²\SbzZ[vukaclkzpa^m ¿sp[~Yo[ SbmosZ[q~a^YoY\SV[~Yybac[~YgYo[hWZ[lpqvª ] sZ[ÈoSbzp[~kaclpzpa^Yo[ 6 ,^Ê/ eXWpmecgxkskac[¥SVmos`[acqtsecmosZ[~Y ]² sZ[Sblkq~SbzZ[ljm©k[ybz`eXl¹mosZ[q~a¯SVm¼ªSbmosZ[l

) d ) , . ! ) , 9 , (f|º i oSbl ; d ) , , pf i i

Ò ] 6~Ên

sp[~Yo[ SbimosZ[dezkWpyba^moSVeXl«SblpzZ[vaclkz¤mosZ[ 2 a^Yo[mosZ[ ©[o[yTgWplpqvmoSbeXlpiecg²ecY\zZ[~Y ] ZecY¡yVedezpWpya^moSVeXl¹SblpzZ[v¿ 6 ¿ , 6 ¿ i ^º] sZ[²qveXdxkyb[vY\[ p[qvmoSVeXl¡qve[±q~SV[ljm ecgmosZ[²Yo[~g¶[~Y\[lpqv[q~a¯SVm¼ªc¿ ± ¿^S´UXSVc[l¡jª hWpa^moSVeXl°Ò ] j¿

Yo[~xkYoezkWpqv[z¹sZ[~Yo[¥gecYqveXljc[lpSV[lpqv[

± Ed 6 [vx

6 l [vx

sp[~Yo[ ¾SbmosZ[¡zp[~moWplpSblZUÈgYoeXd q~a¯SVm¼ª`Yo[eXlpaclpqv[c¿ Sbmosp[¡q~aSVmwªySblZ[~Sbzpmosµaclpz ÈSmosZ[acdxybSVmoWpzZ[Yo[ k[qvmoSVeXlqve[±q~SV[ljmecg mosp[¡q~aSVmwªd±SVYoYoecY\¥aco\Wpd[z¹[hWpacy t]

Page 43: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

- # ! - Ò/

sZ[²É³eXWplpzu _ Yo[~c[~You Î acybyn[~YoYoecY³oSVUXlpacyXSecpmoacSblZ[z¡sZ[l¥mosp[²dezpWpyba^moSVeXlgYo[hWZ[lpqvª¥Sb´d¾Wpqtsyba^Y\Uc[~Ymospacl`mosZ[¥q~aSVmwª¹ybSlZ[~SbzZmos´¿neÈmospa^meXlpyVª±eXlZ[ecg mosZ[mosZY\[~[qveXdx®eXlp[lnmoecg³mosZ[¥Sblpq~Sbzp[lnmp[yz¹SbYo[eXlpacljmSVmos`mosp[q~aSVmwª ] sZ[ecmosZ[~Ymw©e±qveXdxeXlZ[ljmoa^Yo[¥me±aUceeza^xpxpYoe¯Sda^moSVeXlx[~Yog[qvmoyVª«Yo[ p[qvm[z g¶YoeXd mosZ[Yo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[¬q~aSVmwªc¿¢S ] [ ] SVmos¦lZeyVeXoecgacdxkybSVmoWkzZ[aclpz¸axspac[oskSVg¶miecg &T]¾­ g²mosp[Èq~a^Y\Y\SV[~YqveXdxeXlZ[ljm¥ecgmosp[Sblpq~SbzZ[ljmip[ybz¤SbYo[eXlkaclnm¥SbmosÏmosp[q~aSVmwªc¿ mosZ[Yo[ k[qvm[zp[ybz¹S

) d ) , ± , µ f i f ± i Ò ] 606¯sp[~Yo[ ¾SbmosZ[zZ[~moWklpSblZUÈecgTmosZ[q~a^YoY\Sb[~Yg¶Y\eXd Yo[eXlpaclkqv[SVmos`mosZ[q~a¯Sbmwª ]

sZ[oSVUXlpacygYoeXd mosp[Yo[ p[qvm[z[acd d[acoWZYo[zeXl±a¥xksZecmezpSVezZ[SbTmosZ[xe[~Y¿jS ] [ ] d ) l ¿pUXSVc[ljª 9 Ò/ ; d ± l f ¯ ± f l f µ l f

º ¯Ñ[ 9 ± j f ^ ± @; qveX f­ d 9 ± f ± @; \Sbl´ cf º m[~Y\d± Ò ] 6ºX

sp[~Yo[ SmosZ[¥xe¯©[~Ya^mmosp[¡q~a^YoY\SV[~YgYo[hWZ[lpqvª`aclpz SbmosZ[¥xe¯©[~YSbl`[acqtsoSbzp[~kaclpz ]­ mq~acl[¥[~[l¹moska^mmosZ[oSVUXlpacyqveXlkoSbmoecgTa _ qveXdxeXlZ[ljmdacSblpybª±zpWZ[memosZ[¥moSd[¥aju

[~Y\a^Uc[zSblnm[lkoSVmwªecg mosZ[¥q~a^YoY\SV[~YqveXdxeXlZ[ljm~¿Zaclpz`aÈqveXdxeXlZ[lnma^mmosZ[¥dezpWpyba^moSbeXlgYo[hjWp[lpqvª ]Í S¨ZSblZUmosZ[ixksZecmezpSVezZ[\SVUXlpacypSVmosmosZ[yVeq~acykeX\q~Sbybyba^mecYzZ[dezpWpyba^m[²mosZ[oSVUXlpacya^mmosZ[dezuWpya^moSVeXlgYo[hjWp[lpqvª°me _ ]X­ lxpY\Slpq~SVxkyV[©a¡yVe xkac\¢kyVm[~Y²S¢Yo[hWpSVYo[zÈme°[ybSbdSblka^m[mosZ[oSVUXlkacypa^mm¼Sbqv[mosZ[°dezkWpyba^moSVeXl¬gYo[hjWp[lpqvªµxkYoezkWpqv[z`jª`mosZ[d±S¨[~Y¯¿psZe¯©[~c[~YiSl`xpY\acqvmoSbqv[mosp[g¶[~[zpkacqo½[yV[qvmY\eXlpSbq~a^gm[~Y±mosZ[d±S¨[~Yskac[ÏaskSVUXs g¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvª q~WZme^§ [yVe¯ mospSbÈgYo[hjWp[lpqvª aclpz e¸a[~xa^Y\a^m[kyVm[~YSblpecmYo[hWpSVY\[z ]³ sZ[xkskac[ecg´mosp[iyVeq~acyeXoq~Sbybyba^mecYoSbUXlpacykzZ[~m[~YtdSblZ[spSbqtsecgmosZ[¡mw©eµqveXdxeXlZ[ljmoa^mmosZ[°dezkWpyba^moSVeXl¬gYo[hjWp[lpqvª¬Sd[acoWZYo[z ] da ecYaczZ^acljmoa^Uc[¥ecg´mosZ[¥É _Î yVeqo½SblZU¾d[~mosZezµS²mospa^mª±WpoSlZUmosZ[ixksZecmezpSVezZ[\SVUXlpacy

xpY\[[lnm a^m mosZ[²dezpWkyba^moSVeXlgYo[hjWp[lpqvªmosZ[²da ecY eXWpY\qv[´ecgZ[vx[~Y\Sbd[ljmoacyclZeXSb[a^Yo[£[ybSbd±Sblpa^m[zzpWp[¾me¹mosp[ 6 Y\eXybyVe^§¦SbmosÏgYo[hWZ[lpqvª 9 º ;»]¡­ m¥Sb¥sZ[lpqv[ÈxeXooSbkyV[¡meacqtspSV[~c[a¹d[ac\WZYo[d[ljmecgTmosZ[gYo[hWZ[lpqvª¬ecgTmosZ[¡ybac[~Ymospa^mSbybSbdSVm[z¬ª`mosZ[¡osZecmlZeXSb[¥ecgTmosZ[¡q~a^Y\Y\SV[~YqveXdxeXlZ[ljmecgmosZ[°ybac[~Y ]

Í ecYo[©SbdxecYomoacljmoyVªc¿oSlpqv[¢mosZ[£[~YoY\ecY oSVUXlkacyXqveXlnmoacSlp Sblpg¶ecY\d±a^moSVeXlecg®ecmosmosZ[²Sbljm[~Y\lpacyXq~a¯Sbmwªp[yz¸aclpzmosZ[¬ybSVUXsjmzpSVYo[qvmoybª«Sblkq~SbzZ[ljm¥eXl¸mosZ[±q~a¯Sbmwªc¿¢mosZ[aclpzZSbzpmosÏecgmosp[±q~aSVmwªY\[xeXlp[SbilZecm¥ybSbd±SVm[z¹ªmosZ[ÈybSblZ[~SzZmos¹ecg£mosZ[Èq~aSVm¼ª ]¡ spa^mSb~¿®SVg¢mosZ[Èg¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvª¹ecg£mosZ[ybac[~Yia^YtSV[gacm[~Y²moskaclmosZ[ybSlZ[~SbzZmos¡ecgmosZ[q~aSVm¼ª¾mosp[q~aSVmwªacqvmo©ac£aybSbUXsnm¢mecY\a^Uc[[yV[d[ljm²qveXdxka^YtSblZUmosZ[xspac[ecgmosp[SlpqveXdSblZU¥ybSbUXsnm³memosZ[xkspaco[©ecg®mosZ[mecY\[zybSVUXsjm ]³ skSbTacybyVe¯Txkspac[[lp\SVmoSVc[zZ[~m[qvmoSbeXlecgTmosZ[Sblpq~SzZ[lnmybSbUXsnm 9 Ò * ;»]

sZ[¬\spa^x[±ecgmosZ[¬Sbda^UXSblka^Yoªxka^Yom¾ecgmosZ[¬xksZecmezpSVezZ[µoSbUXlpacy²spacÈaÏg¶ecYtd mospa^mÈSb¾Wp[~gWpygecY¡ybac[~Y¡g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvª«moa^kSbySboa^moSVeXl«xkWZY\x®eXo[ ] il¤[vZacdxkyV[mosZ[~ecY\[~moSbq~acy²ybSlZ[ospa^x[°S¥osZe¯l¸SblTSVUXWZY\[`Ò ] ¿©g¶ecYa¤q~aSVm¼ªybSlZ[~SbzZmos¦ecgÒ ÍÏÎÐ ¿q~aSVmwªgYo[~[¹x[qvmY\acy©Y\aclZUc[`ecg 6 ^ÊcÊXÍÏÎÐ aclpzdezpWpya^moSVeXl`g¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvª ^ÊXÍÏÎÐc]

­ mq~acl|[`[~[l|mospa^mmosZ[¹[~Y\YoecYoSVUXlpacySbÈybSlZ[a^YSblmosZ[¹Yo[~UXSVeXl [lpqveXdxkacooSblpU«mosp[`q~a¯SbmwªYo[oeXlpaclpqv[¡WZx¹meµspacyVg mosp[q~aSVmwª¹ybSblp[~SbzZmosµeXl¹[SVmosZ[~Y\SbzZ[ ]£Î [lpqv[¡Sbl¬mospSbY\[~UXSVeXl¹mosZ[oybecx®[ecgmosZ[È[~YoY\ecY\SVUXlpacy³q~acl¤®[ÈWp[z«me¹zZ[dezpWpya^m[°mosZ[ybaco[~YigYo[hWZ[lpqvªme`[lpa^yV[¾omoa^kSbybSb\a^moSVeXlecgmosZ[iybac[~Yg¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvªªag[~[zZkacq\½±yVeecx ]¢ sZ[oybecx®[ecg®mosp[[~YoYoecYoSVUXlkacypSblmoskSb¢Yo[~UXSVeXl¬Sb¢UXSbc[lª

d , Ò ] 6 Ò

Page 44: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

- # ! - Ò ,

−100 −80 −60 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 80 100−1

−0.8

−0.6

−0.4

−0.2

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

δ (MHz)

Im[F

(δ)F

* (δ+

Ω)−

F* (δ

)F(δ

−Ω

)]

³SbUXWZYo[¡Ò ]3 É _Î [~Y\YoecYoSVUXlkacy

sp[~Yo[¥mosZ[¡WplkSVmo©ecg _ a^Y\[¥©a^mmoecg ecxkmoSbq~acyxe¯©[~Yx[~YgYo[hjWp[lpqvª¬WklpSVm ]il¸aczZ^acljmoa^Uc[ecgmosp[É _Î [~Y\YoecYoSVUXlpacyTSbmosp[Èya^YoUc[q~a^xpmoWZYo[YtaclZUc[ ]È­ m¥q~acl[[~[lgecY

[vZacdxkyV[©mospa^mTmosZ[©[~YoYoecY¢oSVUXlkacyjSb xeXoSVmoSVc[©Sbl°mosZ[[ljmoSVYo[©Yo[~UXSVeXl¾gYoeXd mosZ[dezkWpyba^moSVeXl¡g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvªmemosZ[¥q~a¯SVm¼ªµY\[eXlpaclpqv[gYo[hjWp[lpqvª±eXl¬mosZ[¥yV[~gmospaclpz`oSbzp[ecg ³SbUXWZYo[¥Ò ]]² spSb©d[aclpmoska^mSbg amY\aclkoSV[ljm²[lpzp£mosZ[ybaco[~Y²gYo[hjWp[lpqvª°ga^Ya¯©a¯ª±gYoeXd mosZ[iq~aSVmwªY\[eXlpaclpqv[g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvªc¿jmosZ[yac[~YSyby¢moSbybyTY\[~moWZY\lmeÏmosZ[±yVeqo½xeXSbljmSVg©mosZ[gYo[hjWp[lpqvª¤[vq~WZYtoSVeXl¸Sb°yV[o¥moskacl¸mosZ[¬dezkWpyba^moSVeXlgYo[hWZ[lpqvª ] spa^miSb~¿pmosZ[¾yVeqo½¹q~a^xpmoWZYo[°Y\aclZUc[¾SbybSdSVm[z`ª¬mosp[°dezpWpyba^moSbeXl¹g¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvª¬Yta^mosZ[~YmospaclmosZ[¡q~aSVm¼ªybSblZ[~SzZmos ]

eq\½SlZUmosZ[¬ybac[~Y¡gYo[hWZ[lpqvª¤memosp[±q~aSVmwª¦Yo[eXlpaclpqv[¬d[aclp¡mospa^m°ybaco[~Y¡Sbljm[lpoSVm¼ª¤lpeXSb[Sb¡lZecm°qveXljc[~Yom[z Sbljmeg¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvª¤lpeXSb[ª«mosp[±g[~[zZkacqo½¸ybejecx ]¬ spSb¡Sb¥[q~acWp[mosp[µybac[~Y°SbyVeqo½c[zme¤mosZ[ Ð [~Yoe«ecgmosZ[`É _Î [~YoYoecYoSbUXlpacy ¿³spSbqts¦Yo[d±acSblp¡a Ð [~Yoeac¾mosZ[`ybac[~YÈSblnm[lkoSVmwªqtspaclZUc[ ]

(a> a>@= )+*-, D."SJ/ D.gL#" (jD"LZH ,TSVUXWZY\[iÒ ] * osZe¯²mosZ[[vx[~Y\Sd[lnmoacy[~moWZxµecgmosZ[É _iÎ g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvªmoa^SbybSboa^moSbeXla^xpxka^Y\a^moWk²gecYmosZ[¾Ò 7 Ò^lpd ybaco[~Y ]

­ dd[zkSba^m[yVª|a^g¶m[~Y¬mosZ[yac[~Y±mosZ[~Y\[ÏSba )XÊ z ecxpmoSq~acySbeXya^mecY« . TÑ ­ . u u¼Ò 7 ¯uwÉ Î rme¸xkYo[~c[lnm±ecxpmoSbq~acyg[~[zZkacq\½ gYoeXdfecxpmoSq~acy[yV[d[ljmooWpqts acmosZ[Yo[~g¶[~Y\[lpqv[q~aSVmwª aclkz mosZ[ecxpmoSq~acy´x[qvmY\Wpd aclpacybª[~Y¡lpecmosZel t]² sp[i[acd SmosZ[lxkySVm©Slnmem¼e¬qveXdxeXlZ[lnmo¿ZeXlZ[qveXdxeXlZ[ljmT[SblZUWk[z¾g¶ecYTmosZ[[vx®[~YtSbd[ljm³aclpzÈzpSa^UXlZeXmoSbq~~¿^mosZ[ecmosZ[~Y¢[SblpUWp[z¾me¥moa^kSybSb[mosZ[¡g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvª¬ecg³mosZ[¡ybac[~Y ]

sZ[¾qveXdx®eXlp[lnm¥Wp[zÏgecYigYo[hWZ[lpqvªomoa^kSbybSb\a^moSVeXlSbxkacoo[zÏmospYoeXWZUXs«a ^ÊXÍÏÎÐ Yo[eXlpacljm yV[qvmYoe^u . xpmoSq Í ezkWpyba^mecY¥ .¥Í¤ [~ªoecx¬Y\[eXlpacljmxkskac[[yb[qvmYoe^u»ecxpmoSbqidezpWpyba^mecY meÈxpYoe^uzpWkqv[µxkskac[µdezpWpya^moSVeXl¦oSzZ[~kaclpzpeXl mosp[¬ybaco[~Y°[acd ]« sZ[ .¥Í Sb¾zZY\Sbc[l¸ª¦aceXybmoa^Uc[qveXljmYoeXybyV[z eXoq~Sbybyba^mecY " . ecx[~Y\a^moSblZU¸a^m 6^] Ò ÍÏÎÐ ¿me da^moq\s|mosp[Yo[eXlpacljmgYo[hjWp[lpqvª¦ecgmosZ[ .¥Í ¿´skSbq\s SbacdxkySVp[z¤mexkYoe¯SbzZ[±a^xkxpYoeZSbda^m[ybª 6 ) ecgYtaczpSVe^u»gYo[hjWp[lpqvªÏxe[~Y¾memosZ[ .¥Í¦] sZ[¡dezpWpyba^moSbeXl¹SblpzZ[v`xpYoezpWpqv[zSa^xpxpY\eZSbda^m[yVª dÆÊ\` 6 ¿acSosZelSl TSVU^uWZY\[¥Ò ] , spSbqts¹zpSbxybaª©mosZ[¥mY\aclpod±SVmm[z¹ybSVUXsjmmosZYoeXWZUXs`mosZ[q~a¯Sbmwª¹acmosZ[ybaco[~Yg¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvª

Page 45: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

- # ! - Ò 7

PBS

EOM

ReferenceCavity

λ/2

λ/2

λ/4

Camera

LO

Current

Laser

P I

I

Optical Isolator

ExperimentTo

MirrorGlassSlide

PD

PZT

JFET

Feedback

LaserControl

³SbUXWZYo[¡Ò ] *3 É _iÎ yVeqo½SblZU[vx[~Y\Sbd[ljmoacy[~moWZx ]

Sboq~aclplZ[z ] sZ[±dezpWpyba^m[zySVUXsnmSSblpq~Sbzp[lnmeXl¦aYo[~g¶[~Y\[lpqv[±q~aSVm¼ª¦daclWZgacqvmoWpYo[zª«mosp[ a^moSbeXlpacy

ÉsnªoSbq~acy a^®ecYta^mecYoª ] sZ[`Yo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[q~a¯Sbmwª|spaca¤gYo[~[x[qvmY\acyY\aclpUc[¹ecg 6^] * Ò ÎÐ aclpz|aybSlZ[~SbzZmos±ecgTÒ ÍÏÎÐc]² sZ[¥q~aSVm¼ª`S©lpeXluwqveXlZgeq~acy ¿pskaSblZUÈdSVYoYoecYY\aczkSbWpecg³q~WZY\a^moWZY\[¥Ò ^Ê d±daclpzq~aSVmwªyb[lZUcmos 7cº dd ]© spSbd[aclpmospa^mmosZ[¡zpSV§®[~Yo[ljmmY\aclpoc[~Y\[¡q~a¯SVm¼ªdezZ[a^Yo[°lZeXluzZ[~Uc[lp[~Y\a^m[aclpzeµUcejez«da^moq\spSlZUµSbYo[hWpSVYo[zme±[ybSbd±Sblpa^m[¡acyby kWZmmosp[ ©Í , , dezp[ ] sZ[q~a¯SVm¼ª mY\aclkodSbo\SVeXl ac`a¸gWplpqvmoSVeXl ecg¡Ò 7 Ò^lpd ybac[~Y¬gYo[hjWp[lpqvª Sb±\sZe¯l Sbl ³SbUXWZYo[«Ò ] ¦gecYmosZ[q~ac[¤sp[~Yo[Uceez da^moqtspSblZU Sbljme mosp[ Í , , dezZ[¤spac¬®[~[l ecpmoacSblp[z ] . lZ[Ïecg¡mosZ[q~a¯SVm¼ª dSVY\YoecY\Sba^mmoacqtsZ[z me¦xkSb[ Ð e^u»[yV[qvmY\SbqacqvmoWka^mecY\~¿ac¬osZe¯l Sbl2TSVUXWZY\[ÏÒ ]+) ¿acybyVeSblZUmosZ[¾Yo[eXlkaclnmg¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvª¹ecg¢mosp[°q~aSVm¼ªme¬®[°q\spaclZUc[z ] sZ[°acdeXWpljmecg£ybSbUXsnmiSblpq~SbzZ[ljmeXlÏmosZ[q~a¯SVm¼ª«Sia^xkxpYoeZSbda^m[ybª 6~Ê 6~ÊcÊ) ¿ zZ[~x[lpzpSblpUeXlsZe¯ d¾Wpq\sySVUXsnmSbiYo[hWpSVYo[zÏgecYiecmosp[~YzpSa^UXlZeXmoSbqxkWpYoxeX[oWpqtsacmosZ[¡ox®[qvmYtWpd aclpacyVª[~YecYac[d[~m[~Y ]

sZ[Yo[ k[qvm[z¬ySVUXsnm²g¶YoeXd mosZ[iq~aSVmwª±SzpSbYo[qvm[zeXljme¾a ^ÊXÍÏÎÐ kaclpzpSbzZmosÈxkspecmezZ[~m[qvmecY specY\yba^kÉ _ 6 Xt] sp[¡xksZecmezZ[~m[qvmecY¥Sba¬oSbySbqveXl¹É ­ xksZecmezpSVezZ[¥SVmosYo[xeXlpoSbSVm¼ª±ecga^xpxkYoeZSbda^m[yVª Ê] 6 $ ) a^m )XÊcÊ lpd aclkzmY\aclp\Sbdx[zpaclpqv[¥UXacSblecg 6~Ê * "($ ] sZ[¡oSbUXlpacygYoeXdmosZ[°xksZecmezZ[~m[qvmecY¥Sbmosp[lÏdSV[zSVmos¹mosZ[ " . oSVUXlpacy meµxpY\ezpWkqv[¥mosZ[¾É³eXWplkzu _ Yo[~c[~Yu Î acyby[~YoY\ecYoSVUXlkacy ¿nac©osZe¯l±Sbl TSVUXWpYo[Ò ] , q t]¢­ m©q~acl[[~[lµmospa^m²mosp[[~YoYoecYoSVUXlpacykSb£lZeXSboªc¿nmospSb²SbzpWp[meÈ[yV[qvmYoeXlkSbqlZeXSb[iY\a^mosZ[~Ymospacl¬[SblZU¾ybSbdSVm[zµªmosZ[¥ybac[~Yxe¯©[~Y ]£ sZ[iY\d©[~YoY\ecY\SVUXlpacysp[l`mosZ[ybac[~YSbybeq\½c[zSba^eXWZm 6~Ê ecg³mosZ[¥x[a^½µmex[a^½`sZ[SVUXsjmecg mosp[¥[~YoYoecYoSVUXlkacysZ[lmosZ[¾ybac[~YSb\q~aclplZ[zec[~YmosZ[¡Yo[oeXlpaclpqv[¾sZ[lWplkyVeq\½c[z¿SdxkyVªSblZUa±ybeq\½c[zÏybaco[~YiybSlZ[~SbzZmosecg¢a^YoeXWplkz *^ÊcÊ ½ ÎÐc]

sZ[[~YoYoecY¡\SVUXlpacyTSb¥xkac\[z¤mea`g[~[zZkacqo½qveXljmYoeXybyV[~Y¡memoa^kSbySb[¾mosZ[±ybac[~Y¥gYo[hWZ[lpqvª«memosZ[¥x[a^½µecg mosZ[¥q~aSVm¼ª¬mYtaclpodSb\oSVeXlgY\SblpUc[ ]£ sZ[ig¶[~[zZacqo½`qveXlnmYoeXyyV[~YSb©kac[z`eXl`mosZ[zp[oSVUXlSbl Ñ[~g¶[~Yo[lkqv[ 9 Ò , ; ¿\ybSVUXsjmoyVª¦dezpSVp[z ª _¾] ¥] dSbmosSl mosp[ lpSbc[~Y\oSVm¼ª¸ecg . gecY\z ɲsjª\Sbq~_ [~xka^Yomod[lnm ©[ljmY\acy yV[qvmY\eXlpSbq~©UcYoeXWZx ]¢ sp[iqveXljmYoeXybyV[~YSb©zZ[oSbUXlZ[z±mexybSVm²mosp[[~YoY\ecY\SVUXlpacySbljmeimw©eqveXdx®eXlp[lnmo~¿cSVmos¡mosp[©spSbUXs¡gYo[hWZ[lpqvªqveXdxeXlZ[ljm g[~[zpSblpUkacq\½¡memosZ[ybac[~YTq~WZYoYo[ljm~¿Sba¬a Sblxa^Y\acybyV[y SVmosÏmosZ[¾yac[~YizkSVezp[c¿®aclpzÏmosZ[yVe gYo[hWZ[lpqvªqveXdxeXlZ[ljmi®[SlZU±g[zkacq\½me±mosp[¡UcY\a^moSblpUxkSV[ Ð e^u»[yV[qvmYtSbq¡acqvmoWpa^mecY±É 0 t]k sZ[[yV[qvmYoeXlkSbq¡q~SVYtq~WpSVmgecYmosZ[°g¶[~[zpkacqo½

Page 46: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

- # ! - )XÊ

−500 0 500 1000 1500 2000∆ν

393(MHz)

Tra

nsm

itted

Lig

ht (

Arb

. Uni

ts)

TSVUXWZYo[¡Ò ] SVUXsjmmY\aclp\dSVmm[z¹mosZY\eXWZUXs`Yo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[¡q~a¯SVm¼ª¹SVmos .¥Í e^§ ]

qveXljmYoeXybyV[~YSbosZel¹Sbl TSVUXWpYo[Ò ] 7] sZ[Èmecxxka^mos¤SbaµxkYoecxecYomoSVeXlpacy qveXlnmYoeXyyV[~Y¥g¶eXyyVe¯©[z«jª«a¬skSVUXsxacokyVm[~YimeqvecYoYo[qvm¥gecY

mosZ[¡xkspac[oskSVg¶mq~acWpo[z¹jª`mosZ[zp[ybaª`moSbd[¥ecg³mosZ[¡q~SbY\q~WpSVmaclpzq~a^yV[ ] sZ[¸dSbzpzkyV[Ïxa^mosÆSb¹aclÆSbljm[~UcY\acyqveXljmYoeXybyb[~Y ] sZ[yba^YoUc[¦Yo[oSbmecYSl xka^Y\acybyV[yiSbmos mosZ[

Sbljm[~UcY\a^moSblpUq~a^xkacq~SVmecYÈybSbdSbmomosp[±UXacSbl¸a^m¾yVe¯ g¶Yo[hWZ[lpq~Sb[~¿ xpY\[~c[lnmoSblpUmosZ[±ybaco[~Yg¶Y\eXd dezZ[sZecxkxkSblZU ]

sZ[ecmmeXd xa^mos Uce[±me mosZ[UcY\a^moSblpU¸xkSV[ Ð eaclpz Sbµacl Sbljm[~UcY\acyqveXljmYoeXybyb[~Y±SVmos moSbd[qveXlpomoaclnm º 6 d ]µ spSb¥acqvmome½c[~[~x mosZ[q~WpYoYo[ljmg¶[~[zpkacqo½¤eXWZmxkWpmq~yVeX[me Ð [~Y\eme½c[~[~x mosZ[ybaco[~YoSblZUXyb[vuwdezp[ ]

$ $ . & / # skSb[qvmoSVeXl°qve¯c[~Y\ mosZ[²zZ[~moacSyV[z[vx[~Y\Sd[lnmoacyXxpYoeqv[zpWZYo[TYo[hWpSVYo[zgecY yVeqo½SblZUmosp[Ò 7 Òybaco[~Y´memosZ[ É Yo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[iq~aSVmwªc¿Zaclpz±Sb£Sbljm[lpzZ[zd±acSblpyVª¾ac²am[qtsplpSbq~acykYo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[gecY²mosZ[ecx®[~Yta^moSVeXlecgTmosZ[¥[vx[~Y\Sbd[ljm ]

sZ[ .¥Í Sb¥zZYtSVc[l¤jª«a¹ceXyVmoa^Uc[¬qveXlnmYoeXyyV[z¤eXoq~Sbybya^mecYµ " . mospa^m°Sb¥acdxkybSbp[z«jª¤aclÑ acdxkybSVp[~Y ]³ sp[ " . SbSbl`a 6 q~d ohWpa^Yo[¥zpSb[q~acmeµxe[~Yo[zjª¬a 6 " xe[~YoWpxpxkyVªc¿yVeq~a^m[zµeXlmosZ[©eezZ[l±moa^kyV[WklpzZ[~Y¢mosZ[ecxpmoSbq~acypmoa^yV[lZ[a^YmosZ[Ò 7 Ò°ybac[~Y²aclpzµSVmo É q~aSVmwª ] sp[ " . SbxpY\[[lnmoybªµ[~mWpx¹g¶ecYSlnm[~Y\lkacyg¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvª¬moWplpSlZUZ¿ZSVmoqtspSblZUÈaclpza^mm[lWpa^moSVeXl¿emosZ[¡eXlpyVª qveXlklZ[qvmecYeXlmosZ[¥e¹mospa^mSbacqvmoSVc[°Sbmosp[¡Ñ eXWZmxWZm ]² spSÑ eXWZmxkWZmspaca u»xkSV[qv[¡qveXlplp[qvm[zme¬SVm~¿pemospa^mmosZ[¡oSbUXlpacyg¶Y\eXd mosZ[ " . SboxkybSVm[~mw©[~[lxe¯©[~Y\SblpUmosZ[ .¥Í aclkz`xpYoe¯SbzpSlZU¾aÈY\[~g¶[~Yo[lkqv[oSVUXlpacygecYmosZ[É _Î [~YoYoecY\SVUXlpacy®SaÈmosZ[Ñ dS¨[~YyVeq~a^m[zeXl¹mosp[¡oWZxpxecYomYoeecg³x®eXomecg mosZ[¡ecxpmoSbq~acymoa^kyb[ ]

sZ[±Ñ acdxkybSVk[~YSxe¯©[~Yo[z¸ªaÏÒ Ê " ¿ 6 _ \WZxpxkyVª«yVeq~a^m[z¦eXl¦mosZ[±oacd[µeezZ[lmoa^kyb[WplpzZ[~YmosZ[¥ecxkmoSbq~acymoa^kyV[ ]£ sZ[Ñ acdxkySVp[~YxpYoeSbzp[a^xpxpYoe¯Sbd±a^m[yVª 6 ) ecgTÑ xe¯©[~YmeµmosZ[ .¥Í ¿aclpzzZYtaa^®eXWpmÒ ÊcÊ d ecg£q~WZYoY\[lnma^m º," spSbyb[SVmY\Wplp ] sZ[°Ñ acdxybSVp[~YsZ[a^mo¾WZx¸spSbyV[ÈSVm¡SbY\WplplpSlZUZ¿kWZm¥mosZ[µsZ[a^m°oSlZ½ÏzpSooSVxka^m[mosp[±sZ[a^m¡SVmosZeXWZm¥mosZ[µlZ[~[z¸gecY[vm[~Y\lpacyqvejeXybSlZU ] a^Yo[ospeXWpybz¤[Èmoa^½c[l¦mospa^m¡mosZ[Ñ acdxybSVp[~Y¥SbqveXlklZ[qvm[z¸memosp[ .¥Í

Page 47: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

- # ! - ) 6

−150 −100 −50 0 50 100 150ν

393−ν

cavity (MHz)

(a)

(b)

(c)

TSVUXWZY\[«Ò ] ,3 SVUXsnmµmY\aclpod±SVmm[z mosZY\eXWZUXs Y\[~g¶[~Yo[lkqv[«q~a¯SVm¼ª aclpz ɳeXWplpzu _ Yo[~c[~Yu Î acybyÈÉ _Î¥[~YoY\ecYoSVUXlkacy ] a Y\aclpod±SVmm[zybSVUXsjmSVmos¹lpe±dezpWpyba^moSVeXl¹a^xkxkybSV[z¬meµyac[~Y[acd ] Ytaclp udSbmm[zybSVUXsjmSVmos .¥Í acqvmoSbc[ ] q _ [dezpWpyba^m[zÉ _Î [~YoYoecYoSbUXlpacy ]

[~gecYo[x®e[~YSa^xpxkybSV[z´¿necmosZ[~YoSb[mosZ[Yo[ p[qvmoSVeXlg¶YoeXd mosZ[Wklnm[~Y\d±Sblpa^m[z`q~a^kyV[SbyyzZ[omYoe¯ªmosZ[ÈÑ acdxkybSVk[~Y ] sZ[ " . xe[~Y¥oWZxkxkyVª`osZeXWpybz®[°moWZY\lZ[zeXl«pY\m~¿g¶eXybybe¯©[zªmosZ[¾Ñ acdxybSVp[~Y¾xe¯©[~YoWZxpxkybª ]5) sZ[l moWpY\lpSblZU«e^§ mosp[É _Î [~moWpx´¿£mosZ[Ñ acdxybSVp[~YÈosZeXWpyz¦[moWZYtlZ[z`e^§pY\m~¿ZgeXybyVe[z¹ª¬mosZ[ " . xe[~YioWZxpxkybª ]

sZ[µoSbUXlpacy£gYoeXd mosZ[µxsZecmezkSVezp[aclpz¦mosp[¬oSbUXlpacy£gYoeXd mosZ[ " . a^Yo[¬moa^½c[l me«a«dS¨[~Ya^mmoacqtsZ[z«memosZ[¡oWpxpxecYomxeXmecg mosZ[¡ecxpmoSbq~acymoa^kyb[Yoeecg ]² sZ[¥xksZecmezpSVezZ[¥oSVUXlpacyUce[me±mosZ[Ñ SblZxkWZmiecg©mosZ[±dS¨[~Y±Ñ ¿ mosZ[ " . memosp[±yVeq~acyTeXoq~Sbybyba^mecY°SblZxkWZm ³ aclpz¤mosZ[eXWZmxWZm¥Sbmoa^½c[l«gYoeXd mosZ[¾Sbljm[~Yog¶[~Y\[lpqv[¬ ­o xecYom ] sp[¡oSVUXlpacy g¶Y\eXd mosZ[ ­ x®ecY\mqveXlpoSbomoecg¢mosZ[ _ É _Î[~YoY\ecY\SVUXlpacyaclpz`acl`Sblnm[~Y\g¶[~Yo[lkqv[im[~Ytd a^m©m¼Sbqv[mosZ[¥dezpWpyba^moSbeXlgYo[hjWp[lpqvª ]£ sZ[Sbljm[~Yog¶[~Y\[lpqv[m[~Y\d a^m 6~ÊcÊXÍÏÎÐ q~aclµ[SVUXlZecYo[zµoSblpqv[mosZ[[yV[qvmYoeXlpSq~²Wp[zµSblmosZ[[vx[~Y\Sbd[lnm£SbybykyVm[~YmospSbgYo[hWZ[lpqvª¬SVmosZeXWZmmosZ[°aczpzpSVmoSVeXl`ecg³[vmY\akyVm[~Y[yV[qvmYoeXlpSbq~ ]

sZ[±É _Î [~YoY\ecY°oSVUXlkacy£Sb¥moa^½c[lmeÏacl aclpacyVecU«aczpzZ[~Y ]` sZ[UXacSl¸ecgmosZ[µaczkzZ[~Y¡Sb°[~m¡gecYdaZSbd¾WpdracdxkybSbkq~a^moSVeXl¿TaclpzmosZ[`e^§o[~mÈS¾acz Wpom[z meda^½c[`mosZ[¹É _iÎ [~YoYoecYoSVUXlkacyqvYoeX\Ð [~Yoe¦eXl q~aSVmwª Yo[oeXlpaclpqv[ ] sZ[¹eXWpmxkWZmÈecgmosp[aczpzZ[~YSbÈmoa^½c[l me¸mosZ[ ) 6º,07 g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvªmoa^SbybSboa^moSbeXl¬WklpSVmyVeq~a^m[zmemosZ[°yV[~g¶mecg³mosZ[¡aczkzZ[~Y ]

sZ[µybaco[~Y¡gYo[hjWp[lpqvª¸moa^kSbySboa^moSVeXl¸WklpSVmspac¾aoSlZUXyV[±SblpxkWZm~¿ mosp[µÉ _Î [~Y\YoecY°oSbUXlpacy ¿Taclpzm¼e¸eXWpmxkWZmo~¿£mosp[¹g¶[~[zZacqo½ oSVUXlpacy©memosZ[¹q~WZYoY\[lnmaclpz xkSb[ Ð e ] sZ[`g[~[zZkacq\½oSbUXlpacy©memosZ[q~WZY\Yo[lnmiUce[mospYoeXWZUXs¤aclZecmosZ[~Y¥aczpzZ[~Yimospa^m¥acdxkySVp[mosp[¾oSbUXlpacy aclpz¤a^xpxybSV[a _ e^§[~m ]­ mospeXWpybz¬[lZecm[zmospa^msZ[l¹mosZ[ _ e^§[~ma^xkxkybSV[z¬memosZ[ ² Sblp[~UXa^moSVc[¡mosZ[yac[~YzpSVezZ[Yo[qv[Sbc[decYo[q~WZYoYo[ljmgYoeXd mosZ[¥q~WZYoY\[lnmqveXlnmY\eXye¯±mospacl`SVmlZecY\dacybybªÈzpej[~¿ZoSlpqv[mosp[ zZe[¥lZecm¥oSblp½ac¥d°Wpqtsq~WZYoYo[ljmme¹UcYoeXWplpz¤ac¥lZecYtdacy ]¥­ mSmosp[~Yo[~g¶ecY\[¾xeXo\SVkyV[°me`zpY\SVc[¾mosZ[ybaco[~YzkSVezp[SbmosµaÈq~WZYoY\[lnma^e¯c[¥mosZ[¥daZSbd¾Wpd q~WZYoYo[ljm©o[~m©eXl`mosp[q~WpYoYo[ljm©qveXljmYoeXybyV[~YSbgmosZ[_ e^§[~ma^xpxkySV[z¬memosZ[ ² Sbmeega^YlZ[~UXa^moSVc[ ] pecYmospSbYo[acoeXl¿pq~a^Yo[d¾Wpm[imoa^½c[lmeacz Wpmmosp[ _ e^§o[~memospa^mSVmSbSbl`mosZ[¡Y\aclZUc[¥u 6 6 "¾]

sZ[±Ò 7 Ò¹ybac[~YS¥yVeq\½c[zmemosZ[q~a¯Sbmwª¤jª¤a^xpxkySblZUµaoq~aclme¹mosZ[ybaco[~Y¡WpoSblpUµmosZ[ 6~ÊcÊ

Page 48: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

- # ! - )nº

R3 3k3

RV1

1k

R2

1k

R5 56R

INPUT

TL081

OP27

LM6361

PIEZOOUTPUT

OUTPUTCURRENT

C8 1uF

R15 330R

R16 100R

S2R11 33k

C10 68n

R6 560RR4 1k

C7 150p

R10 3M3

R9 1k

R8

3k3

3k3

R14RV3

RV2

1k

1k

S1

56RR1

+

+

+

TSVUXWZY\[Ò ] 73 yV[qvmYoeXlpSbqoqtsZ[da^moSbqg¶[~[zZacqo½ÈqveXlnmYoeXyyV[~Y¢g¶ecY£yac[~Y£gYo[hjWp[lpqvª°moa^SbybSboa^moSbeXl ] ecm[mospa^m qveXdxeXlZ[lnmo oWpqtsac´xe¯©[~Y oWpxpxkyVªzp[qveXWZxkybSblpUq~a^xacq~SVmecY\ skac[£[~[lyV[~gme^§mosZ[²zpSa^UcY\acd ]

oq~acl qveXljmYoeXy®e¯ ] sZ[Ïqv[ljmYo[«g¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvª|ecg¥mosZ[Ïybaco[~Y¬Sbµacz Wpm[z jª qtspaclZUXSblZU mosZ[Ï\q~aclqveXljmYoeXy©e _ e^§[~mWpljmoSby²mosZ[¬qv[ljmYo[¬g¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvª¸da^moq\sZ[Èmosp[¬q~a¯SVm¼ª¦Yo[oeXlpaclpqv[ ]¤_ WpY\SblZUmospS²moa^Uc[mosZ[q~acd[~Yta¡yVeec½SlZU¡a^m²mosp[ybSVUXsjm£mY\aclp\dSVmm[zmospYoeXWZUXsmosp[q~aSVmwªµSb£Wp[z±me¡[lp\WZYo[mospa^m²mosZ[ybac[~YSb£yVeqo½c[z±memosZ[qvecYoY\[qvmi ©Í , , q~a¯SVm¼ªdezZ[ ] . lpqv[mosZ[yac[~Y£gYo[hjWp[lpqvª¾S¢eXlYo[oeXlpaclpqv[Sbmos`mosZ[q~aSVmwªc¿mosZ[¡oq~aclacdxkybSVmoWkzZ[iSYo[zpWpqv[z¿pacz WpomoSblZUÈmosZ[¥e^§[~mme½c[~[~xÏmosZ[ybaco[~YeXlÏYo[eXlpaclkqv[ ]i sp[°ybac[~YSbmosZ[lÏybeq\½c[zϪq~yVeXoSlZU±mosZ[¾xpYoecxecYomoSbeXlpacy´q~WZYoY\[lnm~¿Sbljm[~UcY\acyq~WZY\Yo[lnm¥aclpzSlnm[~UcY\acyTxSV[ Ð e`g¶[~[zZacqo½«xka^mospSbl«mospa^mecY\zZ[~Y t]° sZ[SVmoq\sZ[eXl¤mosp[ ) 6º,07qveXljmYoeXybyV[~Y©a^Yo[zpe¯lµSblmosZ[yVeq\½c[zµqveXlkzpSVmoSVeXl ]³­ g®mosp[ybac[~Y©yVeX[yVeq\½SVm£SybyxpYoecka^yVª°a^mm[dxkmmeY\[yVeq\½«a^ma¹skSVUXsZ[~Yq~WZYoY\[lnmaclpzskSVmmosZ[q~WZYoYo[ljm¥ybSbdSbm~¿q~acWkoSblZU¹mosZ[q~WpYoYo[ljmqveXljmYoeXybyb[~Yme[dSbmia¬q\spa^mm[~YtSblZU`©a^YtlpSblZU¬oSVUXlpacy ]i sZ[Èybac[~YosZeXWpyz[¾WklpyVeqo½c[z«Sblmosp[°Yo[~c[~Yt[ÈecY\zZ[~YS ] [ ]É 0 pYtm~¿q~WZY\Yo[lnmybacm aclkzYo[yVeqo½c[z ] oWkacybyVª¬mosZ[°ybaco[~YYo[~moWpY\lpme¬mosZ[°qvecY\Yo[qvmdezZ[°eXlpqv[mosZ[¬qveXlnmY\eXybyV[~Y°S¡Wplpybeq\½c[z¿³spe¯©[~c[~Y¾SVm¾Sb¥©ecYomosq\sZ[q\½SblpUeXl¸mosp[±ac[d[~m[~Ymospa^m°mospSb°spacspa^xkx®[lp[z¿Zaclpzacz WpmmosZ[yac[~YgYo[hjWp[lpqvª¬Sbg SVmSbeXl¹mosZ[¥YoeXlpUdezp[ ]

Â1 *+ !"25&/#%25&/2E032 + $10 +8 xa^moSbacySblnm[~Y\g¶[~Yo[lkqv[ybeq\½SblpUS³aiYo[ya^moSVc[yVª°lp[~ d[~mosZez 9 Ò 7];»]³­ m¢ac¢Sblnc[omoSVUXa^m[z[vx®[~YtSbd[lumoacybybªc¿WZm Sb lZecmTa^m xpY\[[lnm³Sbl¾Wp[SleXWZYT[~moWZx ] ­ l°mospSb d[~mosZez¡mosp[©Sblkmoaclnmoaclp[~eXWp yac[~Y xspac[aclpz¤gYo[hWZ[lpqvª¤Sb¥qveXdxka^Y\[z¤memosZ[yV[a^½^a^Uc[p[ybz«gYoeXd mosZ[q~a¯Sbmwªc¿ acg¶ecY Îaclpoqtsuà ©eXWpSybybacWpzaclpz¦É eXWklpzu _ Yo[~c[~Yu Î acyby²ybeq\½SblpU ]± sZ[gYo[hWZ[lpqvª«Yo[~g¶[~Y\[lpqv[±Sb¥eckmoacSblZ[zªdSboacybSbUXlpSblZUµmosZ[SblpxkWZm²[acd Sbljme¾mosZ[¥q~aSVmwª ]© spSb©q~acWp[mosp[i[acd me[ioxkybSVm©WZx¹SblnmeÈSVmoqveXdxeXlZ[ljm Íq~a¯SVm¼ªdezp[ ]° sp[ ©Í , i dezZ[SbimosZ[lWpo[zacmosZ[g¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvªYo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[ÈgecY¥mosZ[ Í , ,q~a^YoYtSV[~Y ]£ sZ[[~YoY\ecYoSVUXlpacySbxkYoecxecYomoSVeXlpacymemosZ[da^UXlkSVmoWpzZ[iecg mosp[Sblnm[~Y\g¶[~Yo[lkqv[¥®[~m¼[~[lmosZ[m¼e`dezZ[aclpzÏSbUXSVc[ljª`mosZ[°e¯c[~Y\yba^x«Sbljm[~UcY\acy ] sZ[¡Sbljm[~Yog[~Yo[lpqv[¡Sd[acoWZY\[zª`Wk[ecg¢axybSVmxkspecmezpSbezZ[ ] sp[¡Yo[ p[qvm[z«[acd g¶YoeXd mosZ[¾q~aSVmwª«SbzpSbYo[qvm[zeXljme`aµxybSVmxksZecmezpSVezZ[

Page 49: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

- # ! - ) Ò

e`mospa^mi[acq\s¦yVec[¡ecg£mosZ[ ©Í , i dezZ[°gacybybeXl¤a¬o[~xka^Y\a^m[spacyVg¢ecg£mosp[°xkspecmezpSbezZ[¾aclpzÏmosZ[ ©Í , , dezZ[gacybyb²[hjWkacybyVªÈeXl¬®ecmos¬spacyVc[ ] ) sZ[lµmosZ[ybac[~YSbeXlµY\[eXlpaclpqv[iSVmos±mosZ[iq~a¯SbmwªmosZ[`xe¯©[~YÈeXl[acq\s xksZecmezpSVezZ[¬spacyVgSb°[hjWkacy©aclkz mosp[µ[~YoY\ecYÈ\SVUXlpacy©Sb Ð [~Y\e ] . § Yo[eXlkaclpqv[mosZ[Yo[oeXlpaclnm Í , , dezZ[¥acq~hWpSVYo[acl`[hWpacyxkspac[ospSbg¶mSbl¬ecmosµxsZecmezkSVezp[spacyVc[¿spSbyV[mosZ[ÈlZeXlu»Y\[eXlpacljm Í , i dezZ[¾Yo[dacSblpiWplpqtspaclZUc[z ] sZ[ ©Í , , mosZ[l¤Sblnm[~Y\g¶[~Yo[zZ[omY\Wpq umoSVc[ybªµSbmosµmosp[ Í , i Sbl`eXlZ[spacyVg ecg mosp[¥xksZecmezpSVezZ[iaclkz¹qveXlpmY\WpqvmoSbc[yVª¬Slµmosp[¥ecmosZ[~YspacyVgÿxpY\ezpWkq~SblZUÈacl[~YoYoecY\SVUXlpacy ]

emecxeXyVecUXSV[a^Y\[¥x®eX\oSVkyV[g¶ecYmosZ[acySVUXlpd[ljmecg³mosZ[¥ybac[~YSlnmeÈmosZ[Yo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[q~a¯SVm¼ª ]²­ lmosZ[oSlZUXyV[¾xkaco¥dezZ[¾mosZ[SblZxkWZmybac[~Y[acd SbacybSVUXlp[zÏSbljme`mosZ[q~aSVm¼ª«ac¥zZ[\qvY\SV[zÏa^ec[ ]­ lmosZ[izZeXWZkyb[xkaco²dezZ[mosZ[SblpxkWZm¢ybac[~Y®[acd Sb²d±a^moq\sZ[z¬Sbljme¡mosZ[q~a¯Sbmwª±e°mospa^m²mosp[[acdSbqveXdxkyV[~m[yVª`mY\aclkodSVmm[z¹eXlYo[eXlpaclkqv[ ]© sp[¥mY\aclpodSbmm[z[acd Sbmosp[lWp[zacmosZ[¡SlZxkWZmgecYmosZ[moSyVmyVeqo½SblZUoSVUXlkacy ¿´S ] [ ] SVmS¥Yo[~mYoecYo[ k[qvm[z¦SbljmemosZ[q~a¯SVm¼ª¸oybSVUXsjmoyVª«dSboacybSbUXlZ[z¤aclpzmosZ[Yo[ k[qvm[z¹ybSVUXsjmgYoeXd mosZ[¥q~aSVmwª`dSVY\YoecY©S©Wk[z¬me¾ec[~Yoc[mosZ[¥xka^moSbacydezZ[Sbljm[~Yog¶[~Y\[lpqv[ ]­ mosZeXWpybz¬[lZecm[z`mospa^mSbl¬mospSbq~ac[¥mosp[hWpaczZYtaclnmxksZecmezpSVezZ[Sb©xkybacqv[z¬eXl`mosZ[¥eXWZmxWZmoSbzZ[ecg©mosZ[ÈYo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[q~aSVm¼ª ]¾ sp[Èaczpacljmoa^Uc[ecg©mosZ[zZeXWZkyV[¾xkacoimecxeXyVecUcª¤Sbimospa^m¥mosZ[ÈpY\omixacomosZY\eXWZUXsmosZ[q~a¯Sbmwªacqvmo©ac£axka^moSacypdezZ[kyVm[~Y£spSbq\sÈ[lkoWZYo[¢moska^m£eXlpyVª Í , , dezZ[ybSVUXsjmSbWpo[z¤me¹ecpmoacSbl«mosZ[È[~YoYoecYoSbUXlpacy ]­ m¥acybe`Yo[zpWpqv[mosp[¾[v§[qvmecg©SblZxkWZmiybac[~YdSoacybSVUXlpd[lnm~¿emospa^mµmosZ[ Ð [~Y\e qvYoeXo\SblZU¦xeXSbljmecg¥mosZ[«[~YoYoecY¬oSVUXlpacySb±lpecm¬a§[qvm[z jª|SVpY\a^moSbeXlpSbl mosZ[ecxpmoSq~µ[~gecYo[«mosZ[ÏY\[~g¶[~Yo[lkqv[¤q~a¯Sbmwª ] sp[ÏzpSb\aczZacljmoa^Uc[¤ecgmosZ[zZeXWZyV[xkaco`dezZ[¤Sbµmospa^mmosZ[ÈkaclkzZSbzZmosecg²mosZ[È[~YoY\ecY\SVUXlpacyTSbybSbdSbm[zªmosZ[q~aSVm¼ª«ybSlZ[~SbzZmos´¿kacg¶ecY\SbzZ[¾ecg²gY\SblZUc[yVeqo½SblZU¬me`mosZ[ÈmY\aclpod±SbooSVeXlecg£mosZ[q~aSVm¼ªgY\SblZUc[ ] . xpmoSq~acy g[~[zZkacq\½Ïda¯ªÏacybe`eq~q~WZY¥zpWZ[¾memosZ[¡Yo[~mYoecYo[ p[qvm[z[acd Yo[~moWZY\lpSlZUÈmemosZ[¡ybac[~Y\Sblpqv[Sbl`xpYtSblpq~SVxkyb[acybdeXmmosZ[¥[lnmoSbYo[acdeXWpljmecgTxe¯©[~YWp[zg¶ecYgYo[hWZ[lpqvª`moa^kSbySboa^moSVeXl`q~aclY\[~moWZY\l`memosZ[yac[~Y ]

sZ[q~a^xpmoWZY\[Y\aclZUc[ÏecgmosZ[ÏoSlZUXyV[¹xkacoµdezZ[SbWpx me spacybgimosp[g¶Y\[~[Ïx[qvmY\acyY\aclZUc[ecgmosZ[q~a¯Sbmwª ]±Î e¯©[~c[~Y¿³mosZ[ É q~a¯SVmoSb[Wp[z¤meomoa^kSbybSbo[¡mosZ[ybaco[~Y\Sbl«mosZ[[vx[~Y\Sbd[ljm¥a^Yo[lZeXlZuwqveXlZg¶eq~acy ¿jYo[zpWpq~SblpU¥mosZ[q~a^xpmoWZY\[Y\aclZUc[me¾spacyVg®ecgmosZ[zpSbomoaclpqv[[~mw©[~[lmosZ[ Í , , dezZ[aclpz`mosp[lp[vm[~c[l¹dezZ[c¿Za^xpxpYoe¯Sda^m[yVªµaÈhWpa^Yom[~Yecg³a°gYo[~[¥x[qvmY\acyY\aclpUc[ ]¢­ l`zZeXWZyV[xacodezZ[¥mosZ[°q~a^xpmoWZYo[¥Y\aclpUc[¡SbYo[zpWkqv[z¹me±a^xpxpY\eZSbda^m[yVª¬mosZ[q~aSVm¼ªybSblZ[~SzZmos ]

sZ[aczZ^aclnmoa^Uc[¾ecg moskSbd[~mosZez`e¯c[~YÉ _Î yVeqo½SblZUSbmoska^mlZe[yV[qvmY\e^u»ecxpmoSbqdezpWpya^mecYSbYo[hWpSVY\[z¡oSblkqv[²mosZ[©g¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvª¥Yo[~g¶[~Y\[lpqv[Sb´xpY\e¯SbzZ[z°jª¥mosZ[©Yo[ p[qvm[zÈdSoacybSVUXlZ[z°q~aSVmwª¾dezZ[ ] sp[[lpoSVmoSbSVm¼ªecgTxka^moSbacydezZ[¥Sbljm[~Yog[~Yo[lpqv[yVeqo½SblZUSboSdSbyba^Y©memospa^mecgTÉ _Î yVeq\½SlZUaclpzzpSxkyba¯ªmosZ[\acd[gYo[hjWp[lpqvªµY\[xeXlp[ ]

sZ[²da ecY zpSoaczZ^aclnmoa^Uc[ecgmoSyVm´yVeqo½SblZUSb mospa^m SVm S´spSVUXspybª[lp\SVmoSVc[¢memosp[ybac[~Y acybSVUXlpd[ljmSbljme¾mosZ[¥q~aSVmwªc¿kaclkzµsZ[lkqv[acljªSVpY\a^moSbeXlµSblµmosZ[iecxpmoSbq~acy®[yV[d[ljmo[~mw©[~[l¬mosZ[¥ybac[~YaclpzµmosZ[Yo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[°q~aSVmwª¹mY\aclkoyba^m[zpSbYo[qvmoyVªµSlnmeaqtspaclZUc[¡Sl`mosZ[[~YoYoecYoSVUXlpacygYoeXd mosZ[¡q~a¯Sbmwª ] spSbzZYtakacq\½Sbxa^YomoSbacybyVª¬[ybSbd±Sblpa^m[z¹ª¹WpoSblZUmosp[°zZeXWZyV[xkacodezZ[ecg¢ecx[~Y\a^moSVeXl¿®sZe¯©[~c[~Y¥SblmospS°q~ac[`mosZ[¬gYo[hjWp[lpqvª¸Yo[xeXlpo[±ecgmosZ[¬[~YoYoecYÈoSVUXlkacyoWZ§®[~Y\¾zpWZ[µme¤mosZ[¬Wk[µecgmosZ[¬q~a¯SbmwªmY\aclkodSbo\SVeXl`dezp[ ]

(a> a>@= )+*-, D."SJ/ D.gL#" (jD"LZH ,TSVUXWZY\[Ò ] 6~Ê \sZe¯²mosZ[[vx[~Y\Sbd[ljmoacyp[~moWpx±gecY²moSbyVmyVeq\½SlZU ] ­ mq~aclµ[[~[lµmospa^m²mosZ[da ecYtSVmwªecg¢mosZ[¡ecxpmoSbq~a^Y\[mosZ[°\acd[¡acmosZ[¡É _Î yVeqo½SblZUo[~moWZx´¿,TSVUXWpYo[¡Ò ] * ¿SVmos¹mosZ[¡Ñ |[yV[qvmYoeXlkSbq~[SblZU±Yo[~xkybacqv[zÏjªÏaµhWpaczZY\acljmxsZecmezkSVezp[me¬d[acoWZYo[¾mosZ[Èxka^moSbacy dezp[¾Sbljm[~Yog[~Yo[lpqv[ ]i sZ[ecxpmoSq~¹a^g¶m[~Ymosp[Yo[~g¶[~Y\[lpqv[¸q~aSVmwª a^Yo[¤eXlpybª Wp[z Sbl mosp[¤zpeXWZkyV[«xkaco¹dezZ[¤ecg¾ecx®[~Yta^moSVeXl¿ecmosZ[~Y\Sb[¥mosZ[~ª¹a^Yo[¥Y\[~xkybacqv[z¹ª¬a±q~acd[~Y\a±aclkz`xksZecmezpSVezZ[¥acSbl TSVUXWZY\[¡Ò ] *

sZ[µoSlZUXyV[xkac\¡[~YoY\ecY¾oSbUXlpacy£ecpmoacSlZ[z¦Wp\SblZU 6~ÊcÊ) ecgybSVUXsjm°Sb°osZe¯l Sbl TSVUXWZYo[`Ò ] 606^] sp[µmecx|oq~acl osZe¾mosZ[`ybSVUXsjm°mY\aclkodSVmm[z mosZYoeXWZUXs mosZ[¹q~aSVm¼ª acÈa«gWplkqvmoSVeXl¸ecgmosZ[¬yac[~Y

Page 50: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

- # ! - ))

PBS

ReferenceCavity

λ/2

λ/2

λ/4

Current

Laser

P I

I

Optical Isolator

ExperimentTo

Mirror

PZT

JFET

Feedback

LaserControl

pass setup)(for double

Split PDLens

ModeMatching

Mirrorλ/4

TSVUXWZY\[¾Ò ] 6~Ê SbyVmyVeqo½SblZUµ[vx[~Y\Sd[lnmoacy³[~moWZx ] . xpmoSq~a^gm[~YiY\[~g¶[~Yo[lkqv[Èq~a¯Sbmwªa^Yo[¾eXlpyVªWk[zSbl¹zpeXWZkyV[xkacodezp[c¿pSbl¹oSblZUXyb[xkac\dezZ[¥mosZ[~ª`a^Yo[Yo[~xkyacqv[z`jª¹aÈxksZecmezpSVezZ[¥aclpz¹q~acd[~Yta ]

gYo[hWZ[lpqvªc¿pmosZ[¥ecmmeXd oq~aclospe¯mosp[oSblZUXyV[xkac\moSbyVmyVeqo½¬[~YoYoecYoSVUXlpacy ]­ mq~acl±[[~[lmoska^maUceez±zpSbox®[~YtoSVeXlÈospa^x[zÈ[~YoYoecY©oSVUXlpacykSb¢ecpmoacSblp[z±a^m²mosp[g¶Y\[hjWZ[lkq~SV[

sp[~Yo[±mosZ[`ybac[~YÈSb°Yo[eXlpacljm¾SVmos mosZ[ ©Í , i dezZ[±ecgmosZ[¬q~a¯Sbmwªc¿£mosZ[`yba^YoUc[¬x[a^½¾Sbl¦mosZ[mY\aclkodSVmm[zÏybSVUXsjm ] a^YoUc[¾x®[a^½SlmosZ[°moSbyVmyVeqo½¹oSbUXlpacy a^Yo[¾acybeµSb\SVkyV[sZ[lmosZ[°yac[~YSbeXlYo[oeXlpaclpqv[²SVmosecmosZ[~YTq~aSVm¼ª¡dezZ[~¿[~c[l°mospeXWZUXseXlpybªaodacybynacdeXWpljm ecgpybSVUXsjm Sb mY\aclpod±SVmm[zmosZY\eXWZUXs¹mosZ[q~a¯SVm¼ª ]

sZ[sZ[SVUXsjmiaclpz«e^§[~m¥ecg²mosp[Èd±acSblx[a^½¥SblÏmosZ[ÈmoSbyVmyVeq\½ÏoSbUXlpacy ©[~Yo[Èeck[~Y\c[z¤me¹a^Yoªsp[lZ[~c[~YmosZ[[acd acySVUXlpd[ljmSblnmemosp[q~aSVmwª|qtspaclZUc[z¿gecY[vacdxkyV[zpWZ[¹me d[q\spaclkSbq~acySVpY\a^moSbeXlecYYo[ybaZa^moSVeXlÏecg£mosZ[°d±SVYoYoecY\Sblmosp[°[acd xka^mosme`mosZ[¾q~aSVmwª ] spSb[lkoSVmoSVSVmwª`ecgmosZ[[~YoY\ecY\SVUXlpacyeXl`mosZ[®[acd acybSbUXlpd[ljmxpY\[~c[lnm[z`moSbybm©yVeqo½SblZU°[SblZUÈWp[z¬acmosZ[g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvªmoa^SbybSboa^moSbeXl d[~mospezgecYmosZ[Ò 7 Ò^lpdfybac[~Y ]¦­ mSb¾xpYoeca^kyV[±moska^ma«decYo[¹moa^kyV[¹yVeqo½¦qveXWkybz[a^mmoacSblZ[z WpoSblpU¬moSyVmyVeqo½SblZUSVg©mosZ[±ybaco[~Y¡ªm[d spacz¸®[~[l¦zZ[oSVUXlZ[z¤gYoeXd mosZ[±moa^Yom¡SVmosmospS©ybeq\½SblpUÈoªm[d Sl¬d±Sblpz¿g¶ecY[vZacdxkyb[iªµWkoSblZUÈaodacybyb[~Y©moSyVm©ybeq\½SblpUÈo[~moWZxdeXWpljm[z¹Sbla¹[~xa^Y\a^m[[lpq~yVeX\WZYo[ÈSVmos¤a¹pkYo[°ecxkmoSbqSblZxkWpmiSbljme`mosZ[yVeqo½¤ªm[d·e¹mospa^m¥mosp[acybSVUXlpd[ljm©eXWpybz¹lZecmq\spaclZUc[ ]

Page 51: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

- # ! - )

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800−1

−0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

δ393

(MHz)

TSVUXWZY\[Ò ] 606 ° SbyVmyVeqo½SblZU¹oSblZUXyb[¾xaco[~YoYoecYoSbUXlpacy ]È ecx¸oq~acl¦SbmY\aclpod±SVmm[zybSVUXsjm~¿ecmmeXdoq~aclÏSbmoSbyVmybeq\½¬oSlZUXyV[xkaco[~Y\YoecYoSVUXlkacy ]" [~YomoSbq~acy \q~acyV[¡Sba^YoSVmY\a^Yoª¬WplpSVmo ]

Page 52: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

!"6&/$Ç0j/+ $­ lecY\zp[~YmeµWplkzZ[~Y\moaclpzmosZ[[spaSVeXWZYecg£a *-, a . SVeXlSl¹mosZ[xpY\[[lpqv[ecg£ybaco[~Yp[ybzkSVmaclZ[qv[\oa^Yoª¸me«[~m¾Wpx aclpz eXyVc[¬mosZ[!yVeq\s [hjWka^moSVeXlpgecY¾mosZ[µªm[d ]ÏÎ [~Yo[¬©[±xpYo[o[lnm°mosZ[WplkzZ[~Y\yVªSblZU°mosZ[~ecYoª¹aclpza^xpxyVªµSVmme±eXWZYq~ac[ ]

­ lmosZ[µa^k[lpqv[ecgzZ[qveXsp[~Yo[lpqv[±[v§[qvmo°mosZ[±zZªlpacdSbq~acyT[spa¯SbeXWZY¥ecgahjWkaclnmoWpd ªom[dda¯ª`®[zp[oqvY\SV[z¬jª¬mosZ[ q\sZY eXzkSblZUc[~Y[hWpa^moSVeXl¿

b R d bcR )Z] 6¯

sp[~Yo[ Sb²mosp[ Î acdSbyVmeXlkacSblecg´mosp[oªm[d d[ac\WZYo[z¬SblµaclpUXWpyba^Y©g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvªµWplpSVmoaclpz bcR SbmosZ[°moa^m[¡c[qvmecY ]

­ l¥mosZ[²xpYo[[lpqv[²ecgzp[qveXsZ[~Yo[lpqv[£mosp[²SblpSVmoSacyxWZYo[£moa^m[[~ceXyVc[ Slnmead±S¨[z¡moa^m[c¿^Yo[hjWkSVY\SblZUmosZ[°ªom[d me[zZ[oqvY\Sb®[z`Sbl`m[~Ytdecg³mosZ[¡zZ[lkoSVmwª`da^mY\SVµecx[~Y\a^mecY¿

d b- RMb )Z]̺X

sp[~Yo[ Sbacl¤Sblpzp[v`YtWplplpSblpUe¯c[~Yacyby³xpY\[~xka^Y\a^moSVeXlpecg£mosZ[Ȫm[d aclpz SbimosZ[¾xpYoeca^kSbybSVm¼ªecgT[acq\sxpYo[~xka^Yta^moSVeXl ]­ l Uc[lZ[~Y\acymosZ[[~ceXybWZmoSVeXlÆecg°mosZ[¸zp[lpoSVm¼ª da^mY\SV Sb`c[~Yoª qveXdxkySbq~a^m[z ] Î e[~c[~Y¯¿¥mosZ[

zZ[\qvY\SVxpmoSVeXl daª|[qveXlpoSzZ[~Y\a^kyVª oSbdxkybSVp[z sZ[l mosZ[ªm[d daª|[mY\[a^m[z ac¬a¸yVeuzpSd[lpoSVeXloWZkªm[d Sblnm[~YtacqvmoSblZU±SVmosaµYo[[~YoceXSVY ] ZecYmoskSbme¬[mosZ[Èq~ac[°mosp[°qvecYoYo[ya^moSVeXlmoSbd[iecg mosZ[Yo[[~YoceXSVY¯¿ ©d¾Wpm©®[d¾Wpq\s¹yV[\moskacl¬acljªµqtspa^Y\acqvm[~Y\SmoSbqimoSbd[ecg´mosZ[¥oWpkªm[d ]ila^meXdSbq±oªm[d zZY\SVc[l¦jªaÏoSblZUXyV[dezZ[¬ybSVUXsjm¥p[ybz¸Sl¦aqveXsp[~Yo[lnm¾moa^m[`d[~[~mo¾mospSb

qvY\Sbm[~Y\SVeXl¿ZacooWkdSblZU¾q~aSVmwª¹hWpaclnmoWkd [yb[qvmYoezpªlpacd±Sbq» ²_ [v§®[qvmoq~acl`[SbUXlZecYo[z ]T­ l`mospSbq~ac[mosp[«Y\[[~YoceXSVY¹SbµmosZ[hjWkaclnmoSbo[z [yb[qvmYoeXda^UXlZ[~moSbq¤k[ybz¿spa¯SblpUacl SblpklpSVm[lWpd°[~YµecgdezZ[ ] ZecY¥mosZ[°\SVmoWpa^moSVeXlsZ[~Yo[°mosZ[°eXlkyVª¹a^meXdSbq°mY\aclpmoSVeXlk[SblZUµqveXlpoSbzZ[~Y\[za^Yo[¾mosZeX[ÈSblmosZ[ecxkmoSbq~acyTYo[~UXSbd[mosp[¾Y\[[~YoceXSVY¡dezZ[¥q~acl¸®[Èmoa^½c[lme®[SblkSVmoSbacybyVª¹Sbl«mosZ[^acq~WpWpd omoa^m[c¿ ÊSR»Ê ]T sZ[©qvecY\Yo[yba^moSVeXl¾moSbd[©ecgkmosp[Yo[o[~YoceXSVY¢Sb 6 , ¿csZ[~Yo[ , S mosp[©aclZUXWkyba^YTg¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvªecgmosZ[a^meXdSbq¾mY\aclpoSbmoSVeXl ] spSbmoSbd[oq~acyb[ÈSm¼ªjxkSq~acybyVªd¾Wpq\sospecYom[~Ymospacl«mosZ[ÈmoSbd[oq~acyV[ÈgecYacljª¹a^meXdSbq¥[~ceXybWpmoSVeXl ]

) *

Page 53: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

)

SVc[lmosZ[a^e¯c[oSVmoWpa^moSVeXl´¿cmosZ[[~ceXybWZmoSVeXlecgmosZ[oªm[d SbTUXSVc[lª¡mosZ[ Í acm[~Y²[hjWpa^moSbeXl¿

d

d 9 [ ;\f il [ d [v§ [v§ /f d f )Z] Ò

sp[~Yo[ [v§ d l SbTmosZ[[v§[qvmoSVc[ Î acdSbyVmeXlkSbacld[acoWZY\[zSblaclZUXWpya^Y¢g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvª

WplkSVmoTaclpz¾mosZ[ ecx[~Y\a^mecY\¢a^Yo[ SblpzZybaczecx[~Y\a^mecY\TY\[~xpYo[[ljmoSblZUzZ[qveXsZ[~Yo[lkqv[xpYoeqv[o[¢oWpqtsacxeXlnmoaclZ[~eXWk[dSbo\SVeXl ]

­ leXd[µq~aco[°mosp[~Yo[µda¯ª¸[±aczZ^aclnmoa^Uc[Sl¦yV[a¯SblpUe^§ mosZ[ À oaclpzZSq\spÁÏoWZx[~Yoecx[~Y\a^mecY ]¢ spSb³oWZx[~Yoecx[~Y\a^mecY¢acqvmo¢me¥xkYo[[~Yoc[mosZ[lZecYtdacybSboa^moSbeXl¡ecg®mosZ[xecxkWpyba^moSVeXl°ecg®mosZ[ªom[d¹¿skSbq\s ecmosZ[~YoS[¬d±aª¦zZ[q~a¯ªzkWZ[±me¤mosZ[¬[v§®[qvmecgmosZ[ SblpzZybaczecx[~Y\a^mecY\ ] il[hjWpSbacyV[ljmSbljm[~YoxpY\[~moa^moSVeXlSbmoska^mmosZ[oaclpzpSbq\s`ecx[~Y\a^mecYYo[~xpYo[o[lnmohWpacljmoWpd WpdxkgYoeXd eXlp[¡moa^m[ecgmosZ[ªm[d me¹aclZecmosZ[~Y ] [a¯SblpU¬e^§mospSbecx[~Y\a^mecYacybyVeimosZ[ªom[d me¬[ÈzZ[oqvY\Sb®[zϪa qtsZY eXzpSlZUc[~Y²[hWpa^moSVeXlµg¶ecYmosZ[WklplZecY\dacySb[zmoa^m[c[qvmecY ]² spSb£Sb²mosZ[acoSb£gecY©mosZ[hWpacljmoWpdÍ eXlnm[vuà a^Y\yVe¦zZ[\qvY\SVxpmoSVeXl ecghjWpacljmoWpdrecxpmoSq~acyªom[d 9 )XÊ];»]­ mSbacyeWp[~gWpySblmosZ[ yVeqts[hWpa^moSVeXlÏzZ[oqvY\SVxkmoSVeXl`ecgTmosZ[[~ceXybWZmoSbeXl¹sZ[loeXd[ecgTmosZ[¡moa^m[izZ[q~a¯ª¹meµmoa^m[eXWZmooSbzp[¥mosZ[ªm[d¹¿kg¶ecY[vZacdxkyb[¥xksZecme^uwSVeXlpSoa^moSVeXl`ecYzp[q~aª`me±ad[~moacomoa^kyV[¡osp[yVg yV[~c[y ]

5>?=/>@= ( "?H3L_J 1LZBED $ULZD " ) 1aH6L_J ! e¸zZ[~m[~Y\dSlZ[±mosZ[zpªlpacd±Sbq~acy²[spa¯SbeXWZY°ecgiacl X yV[~c[ya^meXdSq¹ªom[dfSblnm[~YtacqvmoSblZU¤SVmosalWpd°®[~Yecg³ybac[~Y\SVmSblZ[qv[o\a^Yoª±meeXybc[imosp[d±acm[~Y[hWpa^moSVeXl¿[hWpa^moSVeXl )Z] Ò¿ZgecYmosZ[¥ªom[dÎ acdSbyVmeXlkSbacl¸aclpz¸zp[q~aª¸ecx[~Y\a^mecY\ ]¬ skSb¥xpYoeqv[oS¡oSbdxkybSVp[z«SVg©mosZ[µd±acm[~Y¡[hWpa^moSVeXl q~acl[ÈqveXlnc[~Yom[z¦Sblnme¹a¬moSbd[ÈSblpzp[~x®[lkzZ[lnmg¶ecYtd¹¿spSbqts«SxeXooSbkyV[¡SVg²mosZ[ybac[~Yxka^Y\acd[~m[~Yt¥a^Yo[qveXlpomoaclnmaclpz«mosZ[yV[~c[yTmYtWpqvmoWZYo[Èspacacla^xpxpYoecxkY\Sba^m[¡gecY\d ] sZ[°mYtaclpgecY\da^moSVeXl«me¹a¬moSbd[SblkzZ[~x[lpzZ[ljmdacm[~Y[hWpa^moSVeXl«SbzkSboq~Wpoo[zgecYm¼e¹aclpz«mosZYo[~[¾yV[~c[yTªm[dSbl [qvmoSVeXlp )Z]̺aclpz )Z] ÒÈYo[x[qvmoSVc[yVª ]

TSblkzpSblZUµmosZ[¾oeXybWZmoSVeXlÏecg²mosZ[dacom[~Y¥[hjWpa^moSbeXl«SoSdxkybSVk[z¹jª«lZecmoSblZU¬mospa^m¥SVmSbia¬ySblZ[a^YoWpx®[~Y\ecx®[~Yta^mecY¥[hjWpa^moSbeXl¸gecYmosZ[[~ceXybWZmoSbeXlecgmosZ[±zZ[lp\SVmwª«da^mY\S¨ ] sWp¥ª«qveXljc[~YomoSblZUmosZ[zZ[lkoSVmwªd±a^mY\S¨±Sbljme¡c[qvmecYgecY\d¹¿ªmoa^½SblpU¡[yV[d[ljmoqveXybWpdlZu»Sb[gYoeXd mosZ[zZ[lpoSVm¼ªda^mY\S¨¿a`ybSblp[a^Yd±a^mY\S¨[hWpa^moSVeXl¤gecYmosZ[È[yV[d[ljmoecg²mosZ[zZ[lp\SVmwª«da^mY\S¨c[qvmecY°daª«[°ecpmoacSlZ[z ] sp[°acqvmoSVeXlÏecg£qveXlnc[~Y\moSblZUµaµUc[lZ[~Y\acy X*X da^mY\SV Slnme¬a±qveXybWpd±lc[qvmecYecg X l [yV[d[ljmoSbme[zp[lZecm[z ¿acgecYmosZ[°ªlnmoa ]

­ mq~acl¤[È[acoSbyVª«zZ[deXlpmYta^m[z¤mospa^m¥xpYo[vuwd¾WpyVmoSVxybSbq~a^moSVeXlecgmosZ[da^mYtS¨ jª«mosZ[da^mY\S¨ Sb[hWpSV^acyV[ljmme

d 5d )Z]+)jsp[~Yo[±SbmosZ[ XEX SzZ[lnmoSbmwªµd±a^mY\S¨ ]

SbdSbyba^YtyVªc¿jxeXm uwd¾WpyVmoSbxkybSbq~a^moSVeXlµª Sb[hWpSV^acyV[ljmme d ¤ 5d )Z]X

oSblpUmosZ[a^e¯c[°SzZ[lnmoSbmoSV[mosZ[¡dacom[~Y[hjWka^moSVeXlq~acl[qveXljc[~Yom[z«Sblnmemosp[g¶ecYtd!" d & " )Z] *X

Page 54: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

) ,

sp[~Yo[ " d aclpz & Sba X l EX l da^mY\S¨ ]£ sZ[¥gecY\dacyoeXybWZmoSVeXl`ecgTmospSb[hWpa^moSVeXlSb" d [vx° & " Ên7[d [vx° & " Ên7[ SVg Í SbmoSbd[vuwSblkzZ[~x[lpzZ[ljm )Z]

sp[~Yo[ " Ên Sb¥mosp[µSblpSbmoSbacy¢moa^m[µzp[lpoSVm¼ª¤d±a^mY\S¨ ]` sZ[±da^mY\SV«[vxeXlZ[lnmoSacy²q~acl ®[geXWplpz¦jªzpSa^UceXlpacybSboSlZU & ¿ecYizkSVYo[qvmoyVª¹WpoSlZUa aªyVecY[vxaclpoSVeXl¹ecYÉTacz [a^xpxpYoe¯Sbd±aclnm~¿g¶ecYi[vacdxkyV[mosZ[¡[vxd gWplkqvmoSVeXl ]

­ geXlpyVªmosZ[m[aczpª omoa^m[ÏeXybWpmoSVeXl|SbYo[hWpSVY\[z mosZ[eXybWpmoSVeXl|q~acl [ecpmoacSlZ[z|SVmos|yb[oqveXdxWZmoa^moSVeXlpacy[v§ecYomª¹eXyVSblZUÈmosZ[ybSlZ[a^Yªm[d ecg³[hjWka^moSVeXlp

9 "Ê 16O;d 9 & " ; " )Z] ,Xsp[~Yo[ "Ê S²a¡qveXyWpdlc[qvmecYqveXljmoacSblpSblZU X l Ð [~Y\eX©aclkz & Sb²acWpUXd[lnm[zµªÈacl¬aczpzpSbmoSVeXlpacyYoe" d 9 6%_X f 6%_X l ; meµqveXlp[~Yoc[xecxkWkyba^moSVeXl`lZecY\dacySboa^moSVeXl ]

­ l«xpY\acqvmoSbqv[a`qveXdxkWpmoa^moSVeXlpacy¢aczZ^aclnmoa^Uc[SeckmoacSblZ[z¤SVg Í q~acl¤[¾mYo[a^m[z¸ac¥spa¯SlZU X *Yo[acy[yV[d[lnmo³Y\a^mosZ[~Y³mospaclÈqveXdxkyb[v[yV[d[ljmo ] Sblpqv[£mosp[©zZ[lkoSVmwªd±a^mY\S¨¡Sb Î [~YtdSVmoSbacl°mospSb q~acl[acq~qveXdxkybSosZ[z°jªÈaoSbdSbya^Y\SVmwª¥mYtaclpgecY\da^moSVeXl¿czZ[\qvY\SV[z°Sl°UcY\[a^m[~YzZ[~moacSbySbl xpx[lpzpS¨+ ]

$ :22 4 62E oSblpUXyV[¾dezZ[yac[~Yecx[~Y\a^moSblZU`ga^Y¡a^e¯c[µmosZYo[osZeXyzÏxkYoezkWpqv[¥a¹[acd mospa^m¡Sb¥ac[~Yoª¤Ucejeza^xpxkYoeZSbda^moSVeXl me a oSlZUXyV[dezZ[«qveXsZ[~Yo[ljm`omoa^m[Ïecgmosp[Ï[yV[qvmY\eXda^UXlZ[~moSbq«p[ybz 9 ) 6<;»] spSbSbljm[~Y\acqvmoSVmos¹acla^meXd acaq~ybac\oSbq~acy´ybSbUXsnmp[ybz¹skaSblZUazZ[~lpSVm[xkspac[aclkzacdxkybSbmoWpzZ[ ]

sZ[a^meXdSbq Î acdSbybmeXlpSbacl¹Sbl`mosZ[ R ¿ R kacoSbSUXSVc[lª

d Ê qveX¯ f

qveX f , )Z] 7Xsp[~Yo[ Sb¾mosZ[¹aclZUXWpyba^YÈgYo[hWZ[lpqvª¸ecgmosZ[ybac[~Y¿ , S°mosp[¬[lp[~YoUcª¦ecgmosZ[`[vq~SVm[z moa^m[SblaclZUXWkyba^YÈg¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvªWplpSVmoÈaclpz d " ` ") , Sb¾mosZ[¹Ña^kSgYo[hWZ[lpqvªc¿ " SÈmosZ[¹a^meXdSbq¹zpSVxeXyV[ecx[~Y\a^mecYiaclpz ") , SmosZ[ybac[~Y[yb[qvmY\Sbq¥p[yz ]5> a>@= gLZD "2oL_J ! J "ML !EJ/­ l¦ecYtzZ[~YÈme«eXybc[µgecYÈmosZ[¬zpªlpacd±Sbq~¡ecgmosp[`oªm[d SVmÈSb¾Wp[~gWpy£me«mY\aclpgecY\d mosZ[ Î acd±SbyVme^ulpSacl¤memosZ[±Sbljm[~Y\acqvmoSVeXl¸Yo[~xpYo[[ljmoa^moSVeXl¿³Sbl¤ecY\zZ[~Y¡meYo[dec[±mosZ[moSbd[zZ[~x[lpzZ[lpqv[ ] skSbSbacq~qveXdxybSbosZ[z±jªmYtaclpgecY\dSblZU¥meÈa°g¶Y\acd[Yoecmoa^moSblpU°a^m©mosZ[ybaco[~YgYo[hWZ[lpqvªaclpz¬SVUXlZecY\SblpUdaumY\SV`[yb[d[lnmoeXoq~Sbyyba^moSblZUa^mm¼Sbqv[°mosZ[°ybaco[~YgYo[hjWp[lpqvª ] spSbSb½lpe¯lÏacmosZ[°Yoecmoa^moSblZUµ©a¯c[a^xpxkYoeZSbda^moSVeXl Ñ ) 9 ) 6 ;»]² sZ[Sbljm[~Y\acqvmoSVeXl Î acdSyVmeXlpSbacl¹Sbl`mosp[Ñ ) SUXSVc[l¹ª

d ^º

^º Ê )Z] 6~Ênsp[~Yo[ d , ] sZ[yV[~c[y¢mY\WpqvmoWpYo[ÈecgmosZ[Èm¼eyb[~c[y¢ªom[d·SbosZelSblTSVUXWZYo[ )Z] 6^] . l¤mosZ[yV[~gmspaclpzoSzZ[ecg³mosp[¥pUXWZYo[¥mosZ[yb[~c[y´mY\WpqvmoWpYo[Sbospe¯l¹Sbl`mosp[¡a^meXdSbqomoa^m[kacoSb ]¢­ l`mosZ[¡Y\SVUXsjmspaclpzoSzZ[¥ecg mosp[pUXWZYo[mosZ[°yV[~c[y´mY\WkqvmoWZYo[Sbospe¯lSl`mosZ[¡Sbljm[~Y\acqvmoSVeXl¹acoSb ]

Page 55: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

) 7

=

TSVUXWZYo[ )Z] 6 © eµyV[~c[y´ªm[d mYtWpqvmoWZYo[ ]

5> a> D pBED "_D. \D , D " L #" $_ [qveXsZ[~Yo[lkqv[Sbl¬mosZ[m¼eyb[~c[y®a^meXd Slnm[~Y\acqvmoSlZUÈSVmosµmosZ[[yb[qvmYoeXda^UXlZ[~moSbqk[ybzµa^YtSb[zpWZ[imexeXljmoaclZ[~eXWp[dSbo\SVeXl¹gYoeXd aclÏ[vq~Sbm[zÏmoa^m[Ème¬a±yVe[~Y¥moa^m[ ] spSbq~aclÏ[¡Yo[~UXa^Y\zp[zacaclacdxybSVmoWpzZ[zpacdxkSblZUqtspaclplZ[y 9 6 ; ac²[lp[~YoUcªSb£yVeXm²g¶YoeXd mosZ[a^meXdSqªm[d Slnmemosp[Yo[[~Y\ceXSVY ] sp[qveXybyba^xk[¥ecx[~Y\a^mecYg¶ecYzZ[q~aª`gYoeXd mosZ[[vZq~SVm[z¹[vZq~SVm[zmemosZ[UcYoeXWklpz¹moa^m[°S

x d 6UR »º )Z] 606¯sp[~Yo[ SbmosZ[¥mecmoacy zZ[q~a¯ª¹Y\a^m[gYoeXd mosZ[¥[vZq~SVm[zÏyV[~c[y ]ilZecmosZ[~YieXWZY\qv[°ecg¢zZ[qveXsZ[~Yo[lpqv[¾Sbl¹mosZ[°ªom[d Sbyac[~Yxkskac[kWpqvmoWpa^moSbeXlp ] sZ[[¡acqvmiac

a¡xkspac[zkacdxkSblZU¥qtspaclplZ[y 9 6<; oSblkqv[[lZ[~YoUcªSb²lZecm²yVeXmg¶Y\eXd mosZ[a^meXd me¡mosp[Yo[[~Y\ceXSVY¿nYta^mosZ[~YmosZ[e^§uwzpSa^UceXlpacyp[yV[d[lnmo²ecg®mosp[zZ[lpoSbmwªÈda^mY\S¨zZ[q~a¯ªme Ð [~Yoe ]£ sZ[ybac[~Y£xkskac[ kWpqvmoWpa^moSbeXlpq~acl®[dezZ[yyV[z`acyVecYo[ljm Ð Sbaclyac[~YybSblZ[~SbzZmosp ]T sZ[yac[~YybSblZ[~SbzZmos¬zZ[q~aª¹ecx[~Y\a^mecYiSb

yV d 6UR 6 )Z] 6ºXsp[~Yo[ SmosZ[yVecYo[ljm Ð Sbacl ) ÎiÍ ecgTmosZ[ybaco[~Y ]

5> a>( ,5L_J #"" SB ) 1jH 6LZJ/ ! $ sp[¡ecxpmoSbq~acy yVeq\sÏ[hjWpa^moSbeXlpgecYmosp[°moSbd[¡[~ceXybWZmoSbeXlecg£mosZ[¾zZ[lpoSbmwª¹da^mY\S¨[yb[d[lnmoiSblmosZ[Yoecmoa^moSlZU±gY\acd[¾a^Yo[¡ecpmoacSlZ[zgYoeXd mosZ[°dacom[~Y[hWpa^moSVeXl¿ hWpa^moSVeXl )Z] Ò ]­ lda^mY\SV`gecY\d mosZ[ecxpmoSq~acyyVeqts[hWpa^moSVeXlpg¶ecYmosp[¥mw©eµyV[~c[y´oªm[d a^Yo[

! i i! l i! i l! l l

! d

Ê

l l

l

il f (f Ê l l Ê

il f l

Ê l l

! i i l i i l l l

! )Z] 6 Ò

sZ[eXybWZmoSVeXl°gecY³mosp[©moSd[[~ceXybWZmoSVeXl¾ecgkmosp[zp[lpoSVm¼ª¡da^mY\S¨¾Sb³mosZ[l¾ecpmoacSblZ[z¾ª¡moa^½SblZUimosZ[da^mYtS¨µ[vxeXlZ[lnmoSacyecg mosZ[da^mY\SVµSbl¬mosZ[¥a^e¯c[[hWpa^moSVeXl ]£ sZ[iaclkacyVªjmoSqgecY\d ecg mospSbda^mY\S¨

Page 56: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

[vxeXlZ[lnmoSacyiSµqveXdxybSbq~a^m[z¿oe Sl Uc[lZ[~YtacyiSbm¬Sbµ[~^acybWpa^m[z lWpd[~Y\Sbq~acyyVª ] sZ[~Yo[Ïa^Y\[¤oeXd[x[q~Sbacyq~ac[°mospa^m°spa¯c[¬aÏoSbdxyV[~YgecY\d¹¿ToWpq\s ac¡mosp[µq~ac[¬sZ[lmosp[µybac[~YÈSb¥eXl Yo[eXlkaclpqv[aclpzµmosZ[iybac[~YybSblZ[~SzZmosSb Ð [~Y\eZ¿S ] [ ] d Ê\[ d Ê]¢­ lmoskSb²q~ac[mosZ[xecxkWpyba^moSVeXl±SblmosZ[[vq~Sbm[zmoa^m[¾SbUXSVc[ljª

l l d il i . i@r . i@r ! 6 n

* qveX pf n* oSbl´

il 6 n * qveX [ 6

il 6 qveX [ 6

)Z] 64)j

sp[~Yo[ d l l 636 *Z]` spSboeXybWZmoSVeXlaceckmoacSblZ[z¸ªWpoSblpU ¤meÏoeXyVc[

mosZ[¡ecxpmoSbq~acyyVeq\s¹[hWpa^moSVeXlk~¿paclpza^UcYo[~[SVmos`[hWpa^moSVeXl ,]+)Z] 6 Ò ecg¢Ñ[~g[~Yo[lpqv[ 9 ) 6<;»]­ mq~acl|[¹[~[l|mospa^mgecYmoSbd[\sZecYomqveXdxka^Y\[z me¸mosZ[xeXljmoaclZ[~eXWpÈ[dSb\oSVeXl ybSVg[~moSbd[c¿

6 ¿aclpz ybaco[~YµÑa^Sg¶Y\[hjWZ[lkqvª skSVUXs qveXdxka^Y\[z me¦mosp[ÏxeXljmoaclZ[~eXWp[d±SbooSVeXl|zp[q~aªY\a^m[c¿mosp[ÈacdeXWplnmiecg²xecxkWkyba^moSVeXlSlmosZ[¾[vZq~SVm[z¤moa^m[eXoq~Sbybya^m[i\SbljWkeXSbzpacybybªµ[~mw©[~[l Ê aclpz6^]¾Î [lpqv[SVg²mosZ[ÈmoSbd[Èmospa^mmosZ[ÈxkWpybo[°Sba^xpxkySV[zÏSqtsZeX[lme`[ d & mosZ[Èx®ecxWpyba^moSVeXlÏSbqveXdxyV[~m[yVª`Sblnc[~Y\m[z ]

5> a> (gLZD (gL6LZD #,*H "6L_J sp[m[aczZªmoa^m[±xecxkWkyba^moSVeXl¤Sbl¤mosZ[[vZq~SVm[z¸omoa^m[±gecY¡lZeXlu Ð [~YoeÏzZ[~moWplpSblpUZ¿ X¿Taclpz¸lZeXlZu Ð [~Yoeybaco[~YybSblZ[~SbzZmos¿ ¿kSbUXSbc[lª 9 ) 6<;

l l Ed 6º

l ^º T l f ^ºX l f ^º T

l )Z] 6 Xsp[~Yo[ d f ]5> a> 6I*J "_D.1aH5D (6L_H"26L_J ! pLZD.$]JML sp[Ña^kSgYo[hWZ[lpqvª¬SbzZ[~klp[z`jª

d ) , [sp[~Yo[ Sb£mosp[mY\aclp\SVmoSVeXl[yV[qvmYtSbq uwzpSVxeXyV[deXd[lnm©aclpz ) , Sb£mosp[[yV[qvmY\Sqp[ybz±mYo[lZUcmos±ecgmosZ[ybaco[~Y ]

sZ[¥[yV[qvmY\Sbqp[ybz¹mYo[lpUcmos¹ecg mosp[¡ybac[~YSYo[yba^m[zme±mosZ[ybac[~YSlnm[lp\SVmwªc¿ k¿Zjª d 6

º , ) l,sp[~Yo[ SbmosZ[¡ox®[~[z`ecg¢ybSbUXsnmaclpz , SbmosZ[¥x[~Y\d±SVmoSVSVmwªecgTgYo[~[xkacqv[ ] sZ[[yV[qvmY\Sq uwzpSVxeXyV[deXd[ljmecgTmosZ[°mY\aclpoSbmoSVeXlSbY\[yba^m[zmeµmosZ[°zZ[q~a¯ª¹Y\a^m[¡ecg¢mosp[¡WZxpx[~YyV[~c[y´jª 9 ) 6<;

l d Ò

, n, & l lOi )Z] 6 *X

Î [lpqv[c¿l d

l ) l, l

d Ò n) & l

lOi d Ò oa^m lOi

)Z] 6

Page 57: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

6

sp[~Yo[¥mosZ[¡oa^moWpY\a^moSVeXlSbljm[lpoSbmwªc¿ oa^m ¿Zecg¢amY\aclkoSVmoSVeXl¹da¯ª`®[¥zZ[~lZ[zac oa^m d ) & l

n )Z] 6 ,Xsp[~Yo[ Sb mosZ[©mecmoacyox®eXljmoaclZ[~eXWp³zZ[q~a¯ª¡Y\a^m[©ecgpmosZ[©[vq~Sbm[z°moa^m[aclpz lOi d lOi S mosZ[©xeXlumoaclZ[~eXWkzZ[q~a¯ªY\a^m[¾g¶Y\eXd mosZ[°[vq~SVm[z«moa^m[¾me±mosZ[°UcYoeXWplpzÏmoa^m[¾sZ[~Yo[ lOi SmosZ[°pY\aclpqtspSblZUY\a^moSbe ]

ÃÂ &/2E2 22 4 62K sp[a^meXdSbqªm[d WplpzZ[~YqveXlp\SbzZ[~Y\a^moSVeXl¹qveXlkoSbmoecgTmosZY\[~[yV[~c[ybSbl¹a qveXlppUXWZY\a^moSVeXl´¿ZSVmosmosZ[a^Yo[moa^m[£ecg®mosZ[a^meXd R ¿ d 6 ¿ º ¿ÌÒ[SblZUecY\zZ[~Yo[zSl°ecYtzZ[~Y£ecgSlpqvYo[acoSblpUi[lp[~YoUcª ]¢ Y\aclkoS¨umoSVeXlk²[~mw©[~[lµmosZ[m¼eÈyVe[~YyV[~c[yb©a^Yo[acooWpd[z±me°[gecYokSzpzZ[lª[yV[qvmY\SbqzpSVxeXyV[[yb[qvmoSVeXlY\WkyV[ ] pecY£lZecmoa^moSVeXlpacyZqveXljc[lpSV[lpqv[mosZ[mY\aclkoSVmoSVeXl¡®[~m¼[~[lyb[~c[yb 6 aclkzÈÒiSb³acooWkd[z¾meqvecY\Yo[vuxeXlpz±a^xpxpYoe¯Sbd±a^m[yVª°me°kybWZ[ySVUXsnm~¿jaclpzmosZ[mY\aclpoSVmoSbeXl[~mw©[~[lµyV[~c[y º aclpz¬Òme¬SlZg¶Ytau Yo[zybSbUXsnm ]£ skSbSbmosZ[¡q~aco[g¶ecYmosZ[ ) i l Ò n l ) i l oªm[d Sbl *-, a . ]

sZ[±yV[~c[ymY\WpqvmoWZY\[ecgmosZ[mosZYo[~[µyV[~c[y²ªm[d Sbospe¯l¸Sl/TSVUXWZYo[ )Z]̺] igecY¡mosZ[±mw©eyV[~c[yq~ac[c¿ TSVUXWpYo[ )Z] 6 ¿ZmosZ[¥a^meXdSqkac\Sbaclkz¬Slnm[~Y\acqvmoSbeXlµacoSbYo[~xpYo[[ljmoa^moSVeXlpa^Yo[osZel¬eXlmosZ[°yV[~g¶m u²aclkz¹Y\SVUXsjm uwspaclpz¹oSzZ[ecgTmosZ[¥pUXWZYo[¥Y\[x[qvmoSVc[yVª ]

=

i [ Q[ R l [ Q[ R

Z[ Q[ R

i [ f 6][ R l [ Q[ f 6UR

d

n l nOi

i l

n 6UR º_R Ò R

³SbUXWZYo[ )Z]̺3 sZYo[~[yV[~c[y´oªm[d mY\WpqvmoWZY\[

5> (a>@= gLZD "2oL_J ! J "ML !EJ/ sp[«Sbljm[~Y\acqvmoSVeXl Î acdSbyVmeXlkSbacl gecY`mospSb¬a^meXdSbq¤ªm[d Sblnm[~YtacqvmoSblZU SVmos q~ybacooSbq~acyip[yzpecgaclZUXWkyba^YgYo[hjWp[lpqvª [ Sb

d i Ê i@n qveX f

Ê l l n qveX f i@n qveX f l n qveX f n

! )Z] 617X

sp[~Yo[ a^Yo[¥mosp[¡Ña^kSgYo[hWZ[lpq~SV[ ]

Page 58: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

Í e¯SblZUSlnme`a`g¶Ytacd[ÈYoecmoa^moSblZU¹a^mmosZ[ybac[~Y¥gYo[hWZ[lpq~SV[~¿aclpz¤da^½SblZU¬mosZ[ÈYoecmoa^moSblpU¹©a¯c[a^xpxkYoeZSbda^moSVeXlUXSVc[mosZ[moSd[vuwSblpzZ[~x[lpzp[lnmSbljm[~Y\acqvmoSVeXl Î acdSbyVmeXlkSbacl

d Ê l

Ê l l l Ê

! )Z]̺^Ên

sp[~Yo[ d n i aclkz d n l t] ZecYlZecmoa^moSVeXlkacy qveXljc[lpSV[lpqv[¾mosZ[°moSbybzZ[eXl Sbyby³[±yV[~gme^§ gYoeXd lZe eXl¿TSbmosmosZ[Yoecmoa^moSlZUYo[~g[~Yo[lpqv[µg¶Ytacd[±aclpz¦Yoecmoa^moSblZUÏ©a¯c[a^xpxkYoeZSbda^moSVeXl®[SlZU¾ac\oWpd[z ]

5> (a> D pBED "_D. \D , D " L #" $ sp[Sbljm[~Y\acqvmoSVeXlecgmosp[mosZYo[~[iyV[~c[ykªm[d SVmosmosZ[[yV[qvmYoeXda^UXlp[~moSbqk[ybzyV[aczp£me¾acdxybSVmoWpzZ[aclpzµxkspaco[zpacdxSblZU¡qtspaclplZ[yb©acg¶ecY©mosZ[imw©eÈyb[~c[yªm[d ]£ sZ[qveXybya^xk[ecx[~Y\a^mecYt²gecY©zp[q~aªgYoeXd mosZ[¡[vq~SVm[zyV[~c[yme±yV[~c[y 6 ecY º a^Y\[

nOi d nOi º_R Ò n l d n l 6UR Ò )Z]̺ 6¯

sp[~Yo[¥mosZ[mecmoacy zZ[q~aª`Y\a^m[gYoeXd mosp[[vq~Sbm[zyV[~c[y´S d nOi f n l ]pecYmosZ[¡q~aco[sZ[~Yo[¥mosp[¡ybac[~Y\a^Yo[SblpzZ[~x[lpzp[lnmmosZ[ybaco[~YybSblZ[~SbzZmos¬zZ[q~aª¹ecx[~Y\a^mecY\a^Yo[

d 6UR 6 d º_R »º )Z]̺cºX

sp[~Yo[ [ a^Yo[¡mosZ[¡yVecYo[ljm Ð Sbacl ) ÎiÍ ecgTmosZ[¥Yo[zaclpz¹kybWp[yac[~Y\Yo[ox®[qvmoSbc[yVª ]­ g mosp[ixspac[ kWpqvmoWpa^moSbeXlpSbl¬®ecmos`ybaco[~Y\a^Yo[x[~Yog¶[qvmoybª±qvecYoYo[yba^m[z´¿Zg¶ecY[vZacdxkyV[¥SVg mosZ[mw©e

[acda^Yo[¥eckmoacSblZ[z`gYoeXd aoSblZUXyb[oeXWZY\qv[aclpz¹aÈgYo[hWZ[lpqvªµzkS¨§®[~Y\[lpqv[¥SbdxeX[z¬jª¬acl .¥Í ¿mosZ[lazpS¨§[~Yo[ljmzZ[q~aª`ecx[~Y\a^mecY\sZeXWpybz¬[Wp[z

Qd Ò R Ò )Z]̺ Ò sp[~Yo[ SbmosZ[°ybaco[~YybSblp[~SbzZmos ]­ lÏmospSbq~ac[°mosp[¾ybaco[~YybSblp[~SbzZmos¹zZ[q~a¯ªecx[~Y\a^mecYq~acWp[mosZ[qveXsZ[~Y\[lpqv[¥[~mw©[~[l¸yV[~c[y£Ò¬aclpz¤[SVmosp[~YiecgmosZ[yVe¯©[~Y¡yV[~c[ymezp[q~aª¤a^m¥Y\a^m[ ^º ¿´spSbyV[°mosZ[qveXsZ[~Y\[lpqv[¡[~mw©[~[lyb[~c[yb 6 aclpz º zZej[lZecmzZ[q~a¯ª ]

lpyV[\x[q~SVkq~acybybªmoa^m[z¿SbmSbyby[acooWpd[z`moska^mmosZ[ybac[~Yxkspac[a^Y\[WplpqvecYoYo[ya^m[zSblmosZ[¡Yo[mecgTmospSb[qvmoSbeXl ]

5> (a>( "_D.$ $ D (jL 6LZD.$ A B"_D"D $'D&%pD'")($WLZD. sp[©mospYo[~[yV[~c[yZybacd°zpaoªm[d zpSbxkyaª³a¥lWpd°[~Y³ecgg¶[a^moWpYo[¢mospa^m£a^Yo[Wk[~gWkySl°mosp[aclpacyVªoSbecgpdecY\[²qveXdxkybSq~a^m[z¡ªm[d ] ÉTa^YomoSbq~Wpya^Y\yVªSbdxecYomoacljm a^Yo[£xksp[lZeXd[lpamoska^m q~acWp[mosZ[a^meXd±SbqxecxkWpya^moSVeXlme¦[qveXd[mY\a^xkx®[z|Sl|qv[~YomoacSbl yb[~c[yb~¿\Wpq\s acecxpmoSbq~acyxkWpdxkSlZUÏaclpz qveXsZ[~Yo[ljmxecxkWpya^moSVeXl¦mYta^xpxkSblZU » É it]T sZ[µxsZ[lZeXd[lpa«a^Yo[¹decYo[¹oSdxkyVªaclpacyVª[z|Sbl mosZ[ À zZYo[\[zmoa^m[Á±kacoSbecg mosZ[°a^meXd aclpzyac[~Yp[ybzk~¿ZacSbzZ[\qvY\SV[z¬®[ybe¯ ]

$ " ' #. xkmoSbq~acypxkWkdxkSblZU¥eq~q~WZY\²sZ[l±mosZ[~Yo[i[vSbomo²a¾xeXlnmoaclZ[~eXWk²zZ[q~a¯ª±YoeXWZm[eXWZm²ecgmosp[iªm[d meaÈd[~moacmoa^yV[iyb[~c[ymoska^m©Sb©lZecm©[vq~Sbm[z`jªacljªµybaco[~Y\ ] ZecY[vZacdxkyV[iSVg l n'd Ê lZe¾x®ecxWpyba^moSVeXl

Page 59: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

Ò

0 5 10 15 200

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

time

leve

l po

pul

atio

ns

Γ31

/Γ=1 Γ32

/Γ=0

ρ11

ρ22

ρ33

0 5 10 15 200

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

time

leve

l po

pul

atio

ns

Γ31

/Γ=0.99 Γ32

/Γ=0.01

ρ11

ρ22

ρ33

0 5 10 15 200

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

time

leve

l po

pul

atio

ns

Γ31

/Γ=0.9 Γ32

/Γ=0.1

ρ11

ρ22

ρ33

0 5 10 15 200

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

time

leve

l po

pul

atio

ns

Γ31

/Γ=0.5 Γ32

/Γ=0.5

ρ11

ρ22

ρ33

TSVUXWZY\[ )Z] Ò . xkmoSbq~acyxkWpdxkSblZUÈSbljme±aclSblkqveXsZ[~Yo[ljmzpa^Yo½`moa^m[ ] Sbd[¥[~ceXyWZmoSVeXl¹ecgTmosZYo[~[vuwyb[~c[yªm[d xecxkWpyba^moSbeXlp£SbosZe¯l±gecY©zkS¨§®[~Y\[lnmpY\aclpqtspSblZUYta^moSVeX²gYoeXd mosZ[i[vq~SVm[z`moa^m[ ] Zq~SVm[zmoa^m[¬ybSblZ[~SbzZmos«Sb Sbl¦aclZUXWpyba^YWplkSVmo~¿ nOi d 5[ n l d Ê£] ©ecmos ybac[~Y\a^Y\[eXl¸Yo[eXlkaclpqv[c¿ i d l d Ê] ecmos`ybaco[~Y©ybSlZ[~SbzZmosk¢a^Yo[ Ð [~Y\eZ¿ i d l d Ê]£ Sbd[aZSb©Sb²Sl±WplpSbmo£ecg 6 $ º & ³t]

Syby¢[[vZq~SVm[z¦eXWpm°ecgyV[~c[y º SbgSbm¡zZ[q~aª¾mosZ[~Yo[¬g¶Y\eXd yV[~c[yÒ ] TSVUXWZYo[ )Z] Ò\sZe¯°mosZ[µmoSbd[[~ceXybWpmoSVeXlecgmosZ[ªm[d·gecY^a^YoªSblZU`pY\aclpqtspSblZU`Y\a^moSbeXgYoeXd mosZ[[vZq~SVm[z¦omoa^m[±memosZ[ybe¯©[~Ymoa^m[ ]

­ mq~aclÏ[¾[~[lmoska^mgecY¥lZeXlu Ð [~Yoe`zZ[q~aªme`yb[~c[y º mosZ[¡xecxkWkyba^moSVeXlUcYtaczpWpacybyVª`xkSyV[WZx¤SblyV[~c[y º oSblpqv[¥mosp[~Yo[SblZe[vZq~SVmoa^moSVeXlYoeXWZm[¥eXWZmecg³moskSbyV[~c[y ]

- /! ' " " # ©eXsp[~Yo[lnmµxecxkWpyba^moSVeXl mY\a^xpxkSblpU¸Sb±acyboe¦½lZe¯l ac¬zpa^Yo½ Yo[eXlpaclkqv[±ecY¬[yV[qvmYoeXda^UXlp[~moSbq~acybyVªSblkzpWpqv[zmYtaclpxka^Yo[lkqvª £­ t] ©eXsZ[~Yo[ljmxecxkWkyba^moSVeXlmY\a^xkxkSblZU¾a^Y\Sb[sZ[lµmosZ[imw©eÈyac[~Y\©a^Yo[Sbl`Ñacdacl¬Yo[eXlpaclpqv[c¿pS ] [ ] sZ[l¬mosZ[SVYzZ[~moWplpSlZUX²gYoeXd mosZ[i[vZq~SVm[z¹moa^m[a^Yo[[hWpacy ¿ZacosZelSbl9³SbUXWZYo[ )Z]+)Z] sZ[ Î acdSbyVmeXlkSbacl`g¶ecYmosZ[¡ªm[d WplpzZ[~Ymosp[[¡qveXlpzpSbmoSVeXlp~¿Zmoa^½SblZUmosZ[ Ð [~Yoeecg[lZ[~Y\Ucª`acmosZ[¡zZYo[\[zmoa^m[[lp[~YoUcªc¿Sb

d Ê Ê i@n ^º

Ê Ê l n ^º i@n ^º l n ^º

! )Z]̺)j

sp[~Yo[ SbmosZ[zZ[~moWplpSblpU¡ecg´mosZ[ybac[~Yt²gYoeXd mosZ[i[vq~SVm[z`moa^m[c¿paclkz±mosZ[ixkspaco[e^§[~m[~mw©[~[lmosZ[yac[~Y\¥spac¥[~[l[~m¥me Ð [~YoeSVmospeXWZmiybeXo¥ecg²Uc[lp[~Y\acybSVm¼ª ] sZ[È[SVUc[lpmoa^m[¡ecgmosp[ªom[da^Yo[¡UXSVc[l¹ª¬mosp[eXybWZmoSVeXl`ecg

zZ[~m d l ")

l d Ê )Z]̺X

Page 60: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

)

=

i [ Q[ R l [ Q[ R

Z[ Q[ R

i [ f 6][ R l [ Q[ f 6UR

n l nOi

i l

n

ÊSR f1R

R

TSVUXWZY\[ )Z]+) ² sZYo[~[yV[~c[yªm[d mY\WpqvmoWZY\[isZ[l±ecmos`ybac[~Yt©a^Y\[SlµÑacdacl`Yo[eXlpaclkqv[ ] SVUXsjmoskSVg¶m

l ") [~[m[vm t]

sp[~Yo[ l d

l i@n f ll n ]

sZ[acyVUc[~pYtacSbqgecY\d ecgmosZ[[SVUc[ljacybWp[£ecgmosZ[ Î acdSbybmeXlpSbaclaclpz±mosZ[qvecY\Yo[xeXlpzpSblpUi[SbUc[luc[qvmecY\iSboSdxkybSVk[z±ª¬d±a^½SblpUmosZ[¡oWZmoSVmoWZmoSVeXlk

moacl Nd i@n l n

aclpzmoacl d

`Í a^½SlZUmosZ[[\WZkmoSVmoWkSVmoSVeXlp©UXSVc[mosp[[SVUc[ljacybWp[ecgTmosZ[ªm[d ac

, d Ê\[ d l 6 qveX )Z]̺*X

sp[~Yo[ l d l f l ]£ sZ[qvecY\Yo[xeXlpzpSblpU¾[SbUc[lnc[qvmecY\ia^Yo[ ÊSR d qveX 6UR oSbl º_R[ f1R d \Sbl ^º oSl 6URpf qveX º_Ro(f qveX ^º Ò R R d qveX ^º oSl 6URpf qveX º_Ro oSbl ^º Ò R )Z]̺

sZ[[zZY\[o[z±omoa^m[q~aclµ[Yo[~UXa^Y\zZ[zµac²[SblZU À pYtSVUXsnmoÁ°moa^m[ 1R aclpzµa À zpa^Y\½Áomoa^m[ ÊSR\t]µ­ m¡q~acl ®[o[~[l¸mospa^m°mosZ[±zpa^Yo½moa^m[¬zZ[qveXWZxkyb[gYoeXd mosZ[¬xeXlnmoaclZ[~eXWk¡zZ[q~a¯ªxpYoeqv[ooSlpqv[¡SVmispaclpe±acdxkybSbmoWpzZ[SblmosZ[¡[vZq~SVm[z«moa^m[ ] skSbq~aclÏ®[°Sblnm[~Y\xpYo[~m[z«acaµhjWpacljmoWpd qve^usZ[~Y\[lpqv[[v§®[qvm²sZ[~Yo[~ª¡mosZ[m¼e¡[vq~SVmoa^moSbeXlxka^mosp¢me¥mosp[[vq~SVm[z±moa^m[Sbljm[~Yog[~Yo[zZ[mY\WkqvmoSVc[yVªc¿q~aclpqv[yybSblZUeXWpm²a^kecYoxkmoSVeXl ]T­ lµqveXlnmYtacmmosp[pY\SVUXsjm²moa^m[qveXWZxkyb[£me¡mosp[[yV[qvmYoeXd±a^UXlZ[~moSbqp[ybzaclpzÏeµ\q~a^mm[~Y\xsZecmeXlp ] spSYo[oWpybmoSbl¹mosZ[°xecxkWpyba^moSVeXl`[SblpUecxpmoSbq~acybyVª¬xkWpdx®[z`gYoeXd mosZ[pYtSVUXsnmomoa^m[¡SbljmemosZ[zpa^Yo½`moa^m[¾a^g¶m[~Yiag¶[~ qvªq~yV[ ]

. # "# / [~mWk²qveXlpoSzZ[~Y£mosZ[iq~ac[sZ[~Yo[eXlZ[iybac[~Y©Sblnm[lkoSVmwªSbd°Wkq\sµUcYo[a^m[~Ymospacl

mosZ[ecmosp[~Y¿ S ] [ ] i@n l n ]°­ l¤mospSbiYo[~UXSd[ÈmosZ[ybac[~Y¥eXl¤mosZ[ 6 Ò¬mYtaclpoSVmoSVeXl¤Sbi½lZe¯lacmosZ[ À xpYoec[Áybac[~Y¾aclpzmosZ[µybac[~Y¡eXl¦mosZ[ º ÒmY\aclpoSVmoSbeXlSb¥½lZe¯l acmosZ[ À qveXWZxkybSblpUXÁ¸ecYÀ mec½c[\ÁecY À zpYo[ooSblpUXÁ ybac[~Y ]£ skSbSbljm[lpoSVm¼ª±Yo[~UXSbd[¡qvecYoYo[xeXlpzkme Ê ¿kaclpzsp[lpqv[

ÊSR 6UR

Page 61: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

S ] [ ] mosZ[`zpa^Yo½ moa^m[qveXlpoSbomo¡ecgiacybdeXmÈacybyecgmosZ[¬x®ecxWpyba^moSVeXl¦mY\a^xpx[z Sl 6UR ] skSb°d[aclpmospa^m¡mosZ[xpYoec[ybac[~YzZe[lZecm¥[vx[~Y\SV[lpqv[acljª«a^ecYoxpmoSVeXl¤sZ[lSVm¥Sb¥SblÑacdaclYo[eXlkaclpqv[Sbmos mosZ[mw©e^u»xksZecmeXl mY\aclp\SVmoSVeXl gYoeXd 6UR me º_R ¿skSbq\s SȽlZel ac yV[qvmYoeXd±a^UXlZ[~moSbq~acybyVª­ lpzpWpqv[z Y\aclpxa^Yo[lpqvª« ²­Ãit] £­ SbzpSboq~Wko[z¬Sbl¹decYo[¥zZ[~moacSbySl¹ spa^xpm[~Y , Sbl¬mosZ[qveXljm[vmecg³Yo[aczu»eXWZmecg mosZ[moa^m[°ecg mosp[ *-, a . hjWZSVm ]¢ sZ[¥qveXWZxkybSlZU¾yac[~YSbljm[lpoSVm¼ª¬Sbaco\Wpd[z¹me[d¾Wpq\sÏyba^YoUc[~Ymoskacl¹mosZ[¥xpYoec[ybaco[~YSbljm[lpoSVm¼ªµSbl`mosZ[¡Yo[mecgTmosZ[¡q~ac[WplpzZ[~YqveXlkoSbzZ[~Y\a^moSbeXl ]

sZ[°moSd[°[~ceXyWZmoSVeXl«ecg²aµmosZYo[~[yV[~c[y³ªom[d g¶ecY¥aµY\aclZUc[Èecg²ybac[~Y¥Sbljm[lpoSbmoSV[SbiosZel¤SblTSVUXWZY\[ )Z]]

0 5 10 15 200

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

time

leve

l po

pu

latio

ns

Ω1=1 Ω

2=1

ρ11

ρ22

ρ33

0 5 10 15 200

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

time

leve

l po

pu

latio

ns

Ω1=1 Ω

2=2

ρ11

ρ22

ρ33

0 5 10 15 200

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

time

leve

l po

pul

atio

ns

Ω1=1 Ω

2=4

ρ11

ρ22

ρ33

0 5 10 15 200

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

time

leve

l po

pul

atio

ns

Ω1=1 Ω

2=8

ρ11

ρ22

ρ33

TSVUXWZY\[ )Z]3 ©eXsZ[~Y\[lnmxecxkWpyba^moSbeXlmY\a^xkxkSblZU ] Sd[°[~ceXyWZmoSVeXl«ecg²mosZY\[~[vuwyV[~c[y¢ªm[d xecxkWpybaumoSVeXlkSbosZel`g¶ecYzkS¨§®[~Y\[lnmybac[~YSlnm[lp\SVmoSV[ ] Zq~SVm[zomoa^m[¡ybSblZ[~SbzZmos±S Sbl`aclZUXWpyba^YWklpSVmo~¿ nOi d Ê\` 7 5[ n l d Ê\` 6£] ©ecmos«ybac[~Y\a^Yo[¾eXlYo[eXlkaclpqv[c¿ i d l d Ê] ecmos¤ybaco[~YybSblp[~SbzZmospa^Yo[ Ð [~YoeZ¿ i d l d Ê]² Sbd[¥aSSbSbl¹WklpSVmo©ecg 6 $ º & ³t]

sZ[¥mosZYo[~[yV[~c[yoªm[d a^xpxpYoe¯Sbd±a^m[mosZ[yV[~c[ymYtWpqvmoWZYo[¥ecg *-, a/.¤Sbl¬mospa^mmosZ[zp[q~aª`meyV[~c[y º eq~q~WpY\a^m¥aµm[lnmos«mosZ[¾Y\a^m[Èecg£mospa^mime`yV[~c[y 6^]i sp[°ybac[~YeXlÏmosZ[ º ÒmY\aclkoSVmoSVeXlÏSbq~acybyb[zÈmosZ[qveXWZxkybSblpUiybaco[~Y ] ­ m£q~aclÈ[[~[lÈmospa^m£ac¢mosZ[Slnm[lp\SVmwªecg®mosZ[qveXWZxkySblZUybac[~Y£SblpqvY\[ac[mosZ[¡x®ecxWpyba^moSVeXl¬[qveXd[mY\a^xkx®[zSbl¹yV[~c[y 6^]

sZ[¥[qveXlpzybSdSVmoSblZU¾q~ac[meqveXlp\SbzZ[~YSbmospa^msp[~Yo[¥mosZ[¥zZ[~moWplpSlZU°ecg³mosZ[ybaco[~Y\g¶Y\eXd mosZ[[vZq~SVm[z`moa^m[¥Sb©d°Wpqts¬UcYo[a^m[~Ymospacl¬mosZ[imw©e^u»xksZecmeXl`[v§[qvmoSVc[Ña^kSgYo[hjWp[lpqvªc¿S ] [ ] ecY[hWpSV^acyV[ljmoyVª Ê]² sZ[¥[lZ[~Y\UXSV[ecg³mosZ[pY\SbUXsnmmoa^m[ia^Yo[¡sZ[lkqv[

d ^º 6 qveX ^º 6 6Ef l ^ºX

6Kf

l) l [

l)

Page 62: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

*

sp[~Yo[¥mosZ[¡a^xpxkYoeZSbda^moSVeXl`moacl d spac[~[l¹daczZ[ ] sZ[hjWkaclnmoSVm¼ª

d l)

ll n) )Z]̺,X

Sb½lZelacmosZ[ À ybSVUXsjmospSbg¶moÁÈaclpz¹Y\[~xpYo[[ljmomosZ[¥[lp[~YoUcª¹ospSVgmecg³mosp[pY\SVUXsjmmoa^m[g¶YoeXd mosZ[ka^Y\[a^meXdSbqyV[~c[yzpWZ[¥memosp[¡Sbljm[~Y\acqvmoSVeXl¹m[~Y\d±Sbl`mosZ[a^Yo[moa^m[ Î acdSbybmeXlpSbacl ]

sZ[¥klpacy´q~aco[meµqveXlp\SbzZ[~YSbmoska^msZ[~Yo[¥ecmosyac[~Y\a^Yo[¡eXlYo[eXlkaclpqv[SVmos`mosp[[vq~Sbm[zmoa^m[c¿´S ] [ ] d Ê ecYi[hjWpSbacyV[ljmoyVª d & ^ºo[ d ] pecYimoskSbq~aco[°mosZ[°[lZ[~YoUXSV[ecg£mosZ[°pY\SVUXsjmmoa^m[ia^Yo[

d ^ºS ] [ ] mosZ[ÈpY\SVUXsjmiomoa^m[¥g¶ecYtd a`zZeXWpkyV[~mqv[lnmYo[z¤eXl¤mosp[¾a^Yo[°[vZq~SVm[zmoa^m[[lp[~YoUcªc¿ [~xka^Yta^m[zªÏmosp[[v§®[qvmoSVc[µÑa^kSTgYo[hWZ[lpqvª ]È sZ[zpa^Yo½«moa^m[[lZ[~YoUcª¤SbmosZ[\acd[ac¥mosZ[[lZ[~Y\Ucªecg©mosZ[ka^Y\[¥[vq~SVm[zÏmoa^m[ ] sZ[¥pY\SVUXsjmmoa^m[[SbUc[lnc[qvmecY\a^Yo[¥mosp[l

R 6 º

º_R Ò Ro sZ[ kWZecY\[oqv[lpqv[Ïox®[qvmYta¸ecgmosZ[Ïoªm[d gecYµa¸YtaclZUc[ecg¥qveXWZxkySblZU¸ybac[~Y¬Sbljm[lpoSVmoSV[±a^Yo[

ospe¯lSl ³SbUXWZYo[ )Z] *]

−10 −5 0 5 100

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

δ1

fluo

resc

en

ce

Ω1=1 Ω

2=1

−10 −5 0 5 100

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

δ1

fluo

resc

en

ce

Ω1=1 Ω

2=2

−10 −5 0 5 100

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

δ1

fluo

resc

en

ce

Ω1=1 Ω

2=4

−10 −5 0 5 100

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

δ1

fluo

resc

en

ce

Ω1=1 Ω

2=8

TSVUXWZY\[ )Z] *3 TybWZecYo[oqv[lkqv[ecg mospYo[~[vuwyV[~c[y´ªm[d g¶ecYzpSV§®[~Yo[ljmybac[~YSlnm[lp\SVmoSV[ ] Zq~SVm[zomoa^m[ybSlZ[~SbzZmosSb SlÏaclZUXWkyba^Y¥WplpSVmo~¿ nOi d Ê\` 7 E[ n l d Ê\` 6£]% aco[~Y º SbeXl«Yo[eXlpaclkqv[c¿ l d Ê]©ecmosyac[~YybSblp[~SbzZmosp©a^Yo[ Ð [~Y\eZ¿ i*d l'd Ê]

sZ[ kWZecYo[oqv[lkqv[SbxpYoecxecYomoSVeXlkacy me¹mosZ[om[aczZª«omoa^m[[vq~Sbm[z¸moa^m[xecxkWpya^moSVeXl ]¥­ l¤mosZ[Yo[\WpyVmo£ospe¯l±mosZ[gYo[hjWp[lpqvªÈecg®mosp[[qveXlpzµybac[~Y©Sb£sZ[ybz±qveXlpmoacljm ]¢­ m©q~acl[[~[l±mospa^mac²mosZ[Sbljm[lpoSbmwªÈecgmosZ[qveXWpxkybSblZUyac[~Y©SlpqvYo[ac[²mosZ[a^meXdSqYo[oeXlpaclpqv[oxkybSVmo£Slnme¾acl iWZmoyV[~Yu e¯lp[

Page 63: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

zZeXWpkyV[~m~¿kSVmosmosZ[ÈxkySVmmoSblZU[~mw©[~[l«mosZ[°zpeXWZkyV[~mx[a^½[SblpU[hjWkacy me¬mosZ[ÈÑa^kS g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvªecgTmosZ[qveXWZxybSblZUybac[~Y ]

ac[~Yxkspaco[ kWpqvmoWka^moSVeXlpa^Yo[dezp[ybyV[zµjª±a¾yVecYo[ljm Ð Sbacl`ybSblp[~SbzZmos ]³ sZ[xpYo[[lpqv[ecg yac[~YybSlZ[~SbzZmos°acqvmo²ac£azZ[~xspacoSblZUiecx[~Y\a^mecY£mezZ[omYoe¯ªÈhjWkaclnmoWpd Slnm[~Yog[~Yo[lpqv[aclkzda^½c[mosZ[zpa^Yo½moa^m[yV[o¢zpa^Yo½ ] ³SbUXWZYo[ )Z] iosZe¢mosZ[ kWZecY\[oqv[lpqv[x[qvmY\aigecY²aiY\aclZUc[ecgzpS¨§[~Yo[lnmTmecmoacypyac[~YybSlZ[~SbzZmosk ] sp[¥mecmoacy ybac[~YybSblZ[~SzZmos¿ ¿kSbmosZ[¡\Wpd ecgTmosZ[SblpzpSbSbzkWpacykybaco[~YybSblZ[~SbzZmosp ]

−10 −5 0 5 100

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

δ1

fluo

resc

en

ce

γtotal

=0

−10 −5 0 5 100

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

δ1

fluo

resc

en

ce

γtotal

=0.1

−10 −5 0 5 100

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

δ1

fluo

resc

en

ce

γtotal

=1

−10 −5 0 5 100

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

δ1

fluo

resc

en

ce

γtotal

=10

TSVUXWZY\[ )Z] TybWZecYo[oqv[lkqv[ecg mospYo[~[vuwyV[~c[y´ªm[d g¶ecYzpSV§®[~Yo[ljmybac[~YSlnm[lp\SVmoSV[ ] Zq~SVm[zomoa^m[ybSlZ[~SbzZmosSb SlÏaclZUXWkyba^Y¥WplpSVmo~¿ nOi d Ê\` 7 E[ n l d Ê\` 6£]% aco[~Y º SbeXl«Yo[eXlpaclkqv[c¿ l d Ê]©ecmosyac[~YSbljm[lpoSVmoSb[a^Yo[ 6 ¿ iKd l d 6^]

­ mq~acl[¡[~[l«mospa^miacimosZ[°ybaco[~YiybSlZ[~SbzZmos¬[qveXd[qveXdxka^Yta^kyV[¡meµmosZ[ÈÑa^kS g¶Yo[hWZ[lpqvªecg¥mosZ[ÏqveXWZxkybSblpU¸ybac[~YmosZ[«zpa^Yo½ Yo[eXlkaclpqv[[qveXd[¬qveXdxkyV[~m[yVª acosZ[z eXWZm ] ­ gimosZ[Ïyac[~YybSlZ[~SbzZmos°Sb¢d¾Wpq\sÈUcYo[a^m[~Y²mospaclÈmosZ[Ña^SjgYo[hWZ[lpqvª°ecgmosZ[qveXWZxybSblZUybac[~Y¢mosZ[zpa^Y\½¡Yo[eXlkaclpqv[SblZeyVeXlZUc[~Yec[~Yoc[zaclpzmosZ[+kWZecY\[oqv[lpqv[¥xpYoecyV[¥acaspeXyV[¥SbpYoeXaczp[lZ[z ]

+ 22 4 62K sp[mosZYo[~[¦yV[~c[y¡ªom[d xpYoeSzZ[a|Wp[~gWpy¥a^xpxkYoeZSbda^moSVeXlÆme a^YtSVeXWpyV[~c[y¡mY\WpqvmoWZY\[Sbl*-,¯ a/. ¿TgecY°[vZacdxkyV[±mosZ[ ) i l u¼Ò n l u ) i l ªm[d ]Î e¯©[~c[~Y¿£mosZ[¬a^xpxkybSq~a^moSVeXlecga«da^U^ulZ[~moSqÈp[ybz¤ecYxeXyba^Y\S[z¤ybSVUXsjmiY\[de¯c[°mosZ[zZ[~Uc[lZ[~Ytacqvª®[~m¼[~[l¸mosZ[±zpS¨§[~Yo[ljm oWZyV[~c[yb~¿SblkqvYo[acoSblZUµmosZ[ÈljWpd°[~YecgyV[~c[ybSblÏmosZ[°xkYo[~SbeXWp[vZacdxkyV[¾gYoeXd mosZYo[~[¾me¬[SbUXsnm ]­ lÏaczpzkSVmoSVeXlmeacyVm[~Y\SlZU°mosp[[lZ[~Y\UXSV[©ecg mosZ[+0®[~[dacl¹oWpkyV[~c[yb~¿jmosZ[iYo[de¯^acyecg mosp[izZ[~Uc[lp[~Y\acqvªµacyboeÈacybm[~Y\mosZ[mY\aclkoSVmoSVeXlµda^mY\S¨±[yb[d[lnmo©ecg´mosp[Slnm[~Y\acqvmoSbeXl Î acdSbybmeXlpSbacl±aclkz¬a§[qvmomosZ[¥zZ[qveXsZ[~Y\[lpqv[ecx[~Y\a^mecY\ ]

Page 64: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

,

5> 5>@= gLZD "2oL_J ! 6L"SJ * ) "@D. D.gL2$ sp[ÈÑa^kSTgYo[hjWp[lpq~SV[SbljmYoezkWpqv[z¤Sbl [qvmoSVeXl )Z]̺ UXSVc[mosp[qveXWZxkybSblpUµ[~mw©[~[lmosZ[a^meXd aclpzmosZ[a^xpxybSV[z°[yV[qvmYoeXda^UXlZ[~moSqp[ybz ] ­ l¾ecY\zp[~Y¢meix[~YogecY\d lWpd[~Y\Sbq~acyoSd°Wpya^moSVeXlp SbmTS³lp[qv[ooa^Yoªme[a^kyb[¾memY\aclpoyba^m[±g¶YoeXd [acd·Slnm[lp\SVmoSV[meÑa^kSTg¶Y\[hjWZ[lkq~SV[~¿ ac¥[vx[~Y\Sbd[ljmoacybyVªmosZ[[acd xe¯©[~Yaclkz¹xecmoS Ð [¡a^Yo[d[acoWZYo[z ]

i@l d 6 " ` ") , º_R [ " d "d ) , 6 " ` " º_R

)Z]̺07XsZ[~Yo[¹mosZ[yb[~c[yb 6UR aclpz º_R a^Yo[[SVUc[lkmoa^m[±ecg l aclpz spa¯SlZU¸hjWkaclnmoWpd ljWpd°[~Y\

6URKd ]i%[ Vi7R aclpz º_R5d %l][ lURt] $ $ " & ! sp[¬ yV[~k\q\su ecYtzpacl » qvej[µq~SV[lnmo°a^Yo[±mosp[±qvej[µq~SV[lnmo°gecY¡mosZ[±qtspaclZUc[µecgkacoSbmY\aclk ugecY\da^moSVeXl¬gYoeXd mosZ[ikacoSb©ecg³WplpqveXWZxkyb[z±aclZUXWpya^YdeXd[lnmoaÈmeqveXWZxyV[z`aclZUXWpyba^YdeXd[ljmoa ]£­ lmosZ[¥ecYtSVUXSblpacykac\Sb©mosZ[¡moa^m[a^Yo[yba^[yV[z`ªµmosZ[¥mecmoacy aclZUXWpyba^YdeXd[lnmoWkd ecg mosp[SblpzpSVSbzpWkacyxka^Y\moSbq~yV[~¿ ¿paclpz`mosp[¥xpYoe [qvmoSVeXl¹ecg³mosZ[SblpzpSbSbzkWpacypaclZUXWpya^YdeXd[ljmoWpd eXljmemosZ[^uwaZSb~¿ Ã]­ l¸mosZ[¬qveXWZxkyV[z¸kacoSb~¿Tmoa^m[¾a^Yo[µSzZ[lnmoSbp[zª«mosp[SVY¡mecmoacy©aclZUXWpyba^Y¾deXd[ljmoWpd¹¿ ¿¢aclpz¦mosZ[xpY\e [qvmoSVeXl ecgmosZ[µmecmoacy©aclpUXWpyba^Y°deXd[lnmoWkd·eXljmeÏmosZ[^uwaZSb~¿ ] sZ[¹ qve[±q~SV[ljmoÈa^Yo[mosZ[lzZ[~klZ[z`ª 9 )nº ;

i [ i l [ l R d R i [ i l [ l Rd R

sp[~Yo[ÈmosZ[oWpdda^moSbeXlec[~Y Y\WklpgYoeXd i l me i f l aclpz d i f l Y\WplpgYoeXd me p]

­ l«mosZ[ *-, a . ªm[d mosZ[SbdxecYomoacljmmoa^m[¥me¹qveXlp\SbzZ[~Ya^Yo[ÈmosZ[ ) i l aclpz ) n l yb[~c[yb~¿skSbq\s¹a^Yo[°qveXWZxkyV[z`me±\SblZUXyV[ixksZecmeXlpecg mecmoacy aclZUXWpyba^YdeXd[lnmoWkd %l'd 6 gecY[yV[qvmYtSbq uwzpSVxeXyV[acybybe¯©[z¹mY\aclpoSbmoSVeXlp ]

pecY¥mosZ[¾q~aco[¾ecgaclÏ[yb[qvmYoeXlSblmosp[ l i l yb[~c[y³qveXWpxkybSblZU±me`aµxksZecmeXl´¿®mosp[¾qveXWZxyV[zacoSbzZ[qveXdx®eXo[Sbljme daclpSVgeXybzp¬ecg¾mecmoacy¡aclZUXWkyba^YdeXd[ljmoWpd 6^ºo[ Ò ^º ¿¾S ] [ ] Sbl m[~Ytd¹ecg¾mosZ[d¾WpyVmoSVxybSbq~SVmoSV[ecg³mosZ[¡daclpSbg¶eXybzk

º |Ò d º ) sp[qveXWZxkyV[z`kac\SbyV[~c[ybqvecYoYo[xeXlpz`memosp[ ) i l aclpzÒ n l yV[~c[ybYo[ox®[qvmoSbc[yVª ]

pecY¥mosZ[¾q~aco[¾ecgaclÏ[yb[qvmYoeXlSblmosp[ * n l yb[~c[y³qveXWpxkybSblZU±me`aµxksZecmeXl´¿®mosp[¾qveXWZxyV[zacoSbzZ[qveXdx®eXo[iSlnme`daclpSVgeXybzpecg£mecmoacyTaclZUXWpyba^YdeXd[ljmoWpd 6^ºo[ Ò ^ºo[ ^º ¿¢S ] [ ] Sblm[~Y\d±ecg²mosZ[d¾WpyVmoSVxybSbq~SVmoSV[ecg³mosZ[¡daclpSbg¶eXybzk

) |Ò d º ) * sp[qveXWZxkyV[z`kac\SbyV[~c[ybqvecYoYo[xeXlpz`memosp[ ) i l ¿kÒ n l aclpzÏÒ q l yV[~c[ybY\[x[qvmoSVc[yVª ]

sZ[mY\aclkg¶ecYtda^moSVeXl gYoeXd mosZ[ÏWplkqveXWZxkyV[z|acoSbmemosZ[ÏqveXWpxkyV[z|kac\Sb±Sbµacq~qveXdxkybSosZ[zªÏWp\SblZU¬mosZ[ÈY\acSboSblpUµaclpzyVe[~YtSblZU¬ecx®[~Yta^mecY\¥Sbl«mosZ[Èmw©ezpS¨§[~Yo[ljmac[me À m[~x¸mosZY\eXWZUXspÁmosZ[Ïmoa^m[±gYoeXdfmosp[moa^m[«ecgispSbUXsZ[m±aclZUXWkyba^YdeXd[ljmoWpd me mosZ[moa^m[Ïecg¥yVe¯©[m±aclZUXWkyba^YdeXd[lnmoWpd ] oSblZU¬mosZ[Èmw©ezpS¨§g[~Yo[lnmiYo[~xpY\[[lnmoa^moSbeXlpecg²mosZ[yVe[~YtSblZU`ecx[~Y\a^mecYacybyVeimosZ[m¼eikac[ me[£Yo[ya^m[z¡me[acq\s¾ecmosZ[~YTaclpzmosZ[ yV[~k\q\su ecYtzpacl¡qve[±q~SV[ljmo mei[²zZ[~m[~Y\d±SblZ[z ] sp[q~ac[ecgimosZ[ l i l qveXWZxkybSlZUÏmea¤xksZecmeXl|ecg¥aclZUXWkyba^Y±deXd[ljmoWpd 6 Sbl|WplpSVmoÈecg

Sb

qveXlp\SbzZ[~Yo[zSlzZ[~moacSby[yVe acacl[vZacdxkyV[ ] sZ[Uc[lp[~Y\acy q~ac[¾SbzpSoq~Wpo[z¹SlÑ[~g[~Yo[lpqv[ 9 )nº ;aclpz °qvezp[¥me±eXyVc[mosp[Uc[lZ[~Y\acy´q~aco[°SbSblkq~ybWpzZ[z`Sblxpx[lpzpS¨¬ ]

Page 65: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

07

sZ[iqveXWpxkybSblZU¡®[~m¼[~[l¹aclµ[yV[qvmYoeXl¹SlmosZ[ l i l moa^m[SVmos¬a°xksZecmeXl¬ecg aclZUXWpya^Y©deXd[lumoWpd 6 [yb[qvmY\Sbq¾zpSVxeXyV[mY\aclpoSbmoSVeXl Yo[\WpyVmoSlqveXWZxkyb[zmoa^m[iSVmosmecmoacy aclpUXWpyba^YdeXd[ljmoWpd6^ºo[ Ò ^º] sp[°mecmoacy£aclpUXWpyba^Y¥deXd[ljmoWpd Y\acSb\SblZUµaclkzyVe¯©[~Y\SblZU¬ecx[~Y\a^mecY\¥sZ[lkqv[Èzp[qveXdxeX[ac

d i l nEf l ^i d i l n l sp[~Yo[ SbmosZ[¥Y\acSboSlZU $ yVe¯©[~Y\SblpU¾ecx[~Y\a^mecYiSbl`mosZ[¥kac\SbSVmos`mecmoacy³aclZUXWpyba^YdeXd[lnmoWkd Z]

sZ[pYtm²m[~x`Sb¢me¾klpzmosp[moa^m[©ecg´spSVUXsp[m£xpYoe [qvmoSVeXlµecgmosZ[aclpUXWpyba^YdeXd[lnmoWkd eXljmemosZ[^uwaZSb²SblmosZ[qveXWZxyV[zkacoS~¿jS ] [ ] mosZ[imoa^m[ oR ]£ sZ[qvecYoY\[xeXlpzpSblZU¥gecY\d ecg®mosp[[moa^m[Sbl¬mosZ[¥WplkqveXWZxkyV[zµkacoSbq~acl`[ig¶eXWplkzµªµSlpx[qvmoSVeXlecYª±lpzpSblZU°mosZ[kacoSb©ecg mosZ[¥ljWpyybxkacqv[ecgTmosZ[¥mecmoacy aclZUXWpyba^YdeXd[lnmoWkd Y\acSboSlZUÈecx®[~Yta^mecYSbl`mosZ[WklpqveXWZxkyV[z`acoSb~¿ZS ] [ ]

i l . n f l i . i l R5d Ê\`ZecY[vacdxkyV[c¿XmosZ[skSVUXsZ[m¢aclZUXWpya^Y²deXd[ljmoWpd moa^m[SblÈmosZ[qveXWZxkyb[zÈkacoSb¢Sb R d Ò ^ºo[ Ò ^º_R ¿skSbq\s¹qvecYoY\[xeXlpzpmemosZ[°moa^m[ i l R d 6^º316UR Sbl`mosZ[¡WklpqveXWZxkyV[z¬kac\Sb ]

sZ[lZ[vm¢m[~xS me¥a^xpxyVªmosZ[mecmoacypaclZUXWkyba^Y¢deXd[ljmoWpd yVe¯©[~Y\SblpUecx[~Y\a^mecY¢me¥mosZ[spSbUXsZ[maclZUXWkyba^YdeXd[ljmoWpdfmoa^m[Sbl ecmosYo[~xpYo[[ljmoa^moSVeXlp¿aclpz zpSVSbzZ[µmosZ[`Yo[oWpybmoSblZUÏomoa^m[Sbl mosZ[WplkqveXWZxkyV[z`kac\Sbjª¬mosZ[¡qve[±q~SV[ljmecg³mosZ[¡yVe[~Y\[zmoa^m[¡Sl`mosZ[¡qveXWZxkyb[z`kacoSb ]

Ò ^ºo[ Ò ^º_R d Ò Ò ^ºo[16^º_R 6^º316UR-d 6^º316URgf º 6^ºo[oÊSR

Ò ^ºo[16^º_R d 6 Ò 6^º316URjf º Ò 6^º3oÊSRÑ[~x[a^moSblZUmoskSb¥xpYoeqv[zpWZY\[g¶ecY°mosZ[±Yo[om¡ecgmosZ[µomoa^m[°Sbl¦mosZ[ Vd Ò ^º daclpSVgeXybzaclpz¦mosZ[

moa^m[iSbl`mosZ[ d 6^º daclpSVgeXybz¬UXSVc[mosp[e¯c[~Y\acyymY\aclpgecY\da^moSbeXlda^mY\S¨¿pS ] [ ]

6^ºo[ 6^º_R 6^ºo[16^º_R Ò ^ºo[ Ò ^º_R Ò ^ºo[ 6^º_R Ò ^ºo[16^º_R Ò ^ºo[ Ò ^º_R

!d

Ê 6 Ò Ê º Ò Ê ÊÊ Ê º Ò Ê 6 Ò Ê6 Ê Ê Ê Ê ÊÊ º Ò Ê 6 Ò Ê ÊÊ Ê 6 Ò Ê º Ò ÊÊ Ê Ê Ê Ê 6

!

6^º3 6UR 6^º3oÊSR 6^º316UR 6^º3 6UR 6^º3oÊSR 6^º316UR

!

sp[ yV[~koqtsu ecY\zpacl¬qve[±q~SV[ljmoq~acl`mosZ[l`[Y\[aczµe^§¤gYoeXd mosZ[mY\aclpgecY\da^moSVeXl`da^mYtS¨®¿gecY[vZacdxkyV[

n lji/i li l , i l d º Ò sZ[¡ohWpa^Yo[zÏ yV[~koqtsu ecY\zpaclqvej[±q~Sb[lnmog¶ecYmosZ[mY\aclp\SVmoSVeXlpYo[yb[~acljmmemosZ[ *-, a . SVeXl

a^Yo[°osZe¯lSbl TSVUXWZYo[ )Z] ,] sZ[ ) SVUXlp[~Yu q\½a^Yom sZ[~ecYo[d 9 )nº]; SbWpo[z¤me¹UXSVc[mosZ[Sbljm[~Y\acqvmoSVeXl¸da^mYtS¨[yV[d[ljmo¥[vu

m¼[~[l mosZ[¤zpS¨§[~Yo[ljm0®[~[d±acl \WZkyV[~c[ybµSbl m[~Ytd¬ecg¥mosZ[ÏY\[zpWpqv[z da^mY\S¨ [yV[d[lnm`aclpz mosZ[a^xpxkYoecxpY\Sba^m[° yV[~koqtsu ecY\zpacl¹qve[±q~SV[ljm~¿S ] [ ]

i@l d ) , [ " ` " _[ Rd ) , i " mRd i ,

)Z] Ò Ên

sp[~Yo[¬SmosZ[xeXyba^Y\Sboa^moSbeXlecg©mosZ[ybac[~Y¥xsZecmeXl¿ , Sbmosp[Ña^kSTgYo[hWZ[lpqvªgecY¥mosZ[WplkxkybSVmmY\aclkoSVmoSVeXl¹aclpz i SbmosZ[° yb[~koq\sZu ecY\zpaclqve[±q~SV[ljm ]

Page 66: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

*^Ê

5/2

3/2

1/2

−1/2

−3/2

−5/2

1/3 2/3

1/3

2/5

1

2/3

1/10

3/5

3/10

3/5

3/5

1

2/5

5/2

1/21/2

3/2

2/5

1/15

8/15

3/2

1/2

3/2

1/15

2/5

2/3

1/5

4/15

2/51/3

1/6

1/2

TSVUXWZY\[ )Z] ,3 hWpa^Yo[z yb[~koq\sZu ecY\zpaclqve[±q~SV[ljmogecYmY\aclkoSVmoSVeXlpSl *-, a . ] ZecYi[acq\smYtacluoSbmoSVeXl mosZ[yVe[~Y[lp[~YoUcªomoa^m[SbÈeXl|mosZ[yb[~g¶mÈecgimosZ[spSVUXsZ[~Y[lp[~YoUcªomoa^m[ ] ©ej[µq~SV[lnmo±a^Yo[ªdd[~mYtSbqa^®eXWpm©mosp[zZecmm[z¹sZecY\S Ð eXljmoacyybSblp[ ] pecY mY\aclp\SVmoSVeXlp yV[~oq\su ecY\zpacl¹qve[uqv[ljmo£lZecmTosZelÈspac[ecxpxeXoSbm[©oSbUXlp memosZeXo[\sZe¯l ] ZecY 6 mYtaclpoSVmoSVeXlk & mY\aclpoSbmoSVeXlpspa¯c[ecxpxeXoSVm[ÈoSVUXl«me`mosZ[ mYtaclpoSVmoSVeXlk ] yby mY\aclp\SVmoSVeXlpi[vZqv[~xpmmosZeX[Sbl«mosZ[zpacosZ[z«ea^Yo[¡eck[~Yoc[zSl *-, a . ]

5> 5> D pBED "_D. \D , D " L #" $ sp[£[v§®[qvm ecgZmosZ[ 0®[~[d±acl¡xkySVmmoSblZUeXlmosp[²zZ[qveXsZ[~Yo[lkqv[²ecx[~Y\a^mecY\ Sb´meSlpqvYo[ac[£mosp[lWpd¡[~YecgzZ[qveXsp[~Yo[lpqv[ecx[~Y\a^mecYt~¿acmosZ[xeXyba^YtSboa^moSVeXlÈecgmosZ[[dSVmm[zµxksZecmeXl[qveXd[SbdxecYomoacljm ]¢ sZ[^a^YoªSblZU°qveXWpxkybSblZU°qvej[±q~Sb[lnmo[~mw©[~[l`mosZ[zpS¨§[~Yo[ljm 0®[~[dacl`oWpkyV[~c[yba§®[qvmmosZ[ixpYoeca^kSbybSVm¼ªecgT[dSb\oSVeXl¬ecg¢aUXSVc[l¹xkspecmeXl¹xeXyba^Y\Sboa^moSbeXlµgYoeXd aUXSVc[l0®[~[daclÏoWZkyb[~c[y ]

­ lecY\zZ[~YÈmeda^½c[`mosZ[`zpSboq~Wp\oSVeXl¸ecgzZ[qveXsZ[~Yo[lpqv[`ecx[~Y\a^mecY\decYo[¬qveXlkqvYo[~m[¹mosZ[`ªom[dqveXlp\SbzZ[~Yo[zÏSbyby [¡moa^½c[l¤me¹qveXlpoSbomecg£mosp[ ) i l u¼Ò n l u ) i l yV[~c[yb¿S ] [ ] mosp[ÈÒ 7 ¯u ,** yac[~Yªm[d ]­ l¹mosZ[¾a^k[lpqv[°ecg£acla^xpxybSV[zda^UXlp[~moSbqp[yz¹mosZ[ 0[~[dacloWpkyV[~c[yba^Y\[°zZ[~Uc[lZ[~Yta^m[aclpzmosZ[moa^m[©a^Yo[ R d ) i l ¿ R d Ò n l aclpz R d ) i l ] il±a^xkxkybSV[zÈda^UXlZ[~moSqp[ybzxybSVmomosZ[o[¡yV[~c[yb~¿pacosZelSbl TSVUXWZY\[ )Z] 7]

sZ[acdxybSVmoWpzZ[zkacdxkSblZU¥ecx[~Y\a^mecYta^Yo[ia§®[qvm[z`ªmosZ[¥ yV[~koqtsu ecY\zkacl±qve[±q~SV[ljmoSblµaoSdSbyba^Y³daclplZ[~Y³memosZ[©Slnm[~Y\acqvmoSbeXl¾d±a^moS¨¡[yV[d[ljmo ]T spa^mTSb~¿^mosZ[xeXlnmoaclp[~eXWpTzZ[q~aª°ecx®[~Yta^mecYgYoeXd R me R ¿ ¿nxkybSbmo¢Sblnme¥mospYo[~[ecx[~Y\a^mecY\zpWZ[memosZ[mosZYo[~[zpSV§®[~Yo[ljm¢xeXooSVyV[xsZecmeXlxeXyba^Y\Soa^moSVeXlp ]© sZ[¡qve[±q~SV[ljmig¶ecYizZ[q~aªme¬aUXSVc[lÏoWZkyb[~c[y´Sbzp[~m[~Y\dSblZ[zjª`mosZ[ yV[~koqtsu ecYtzpaclqve[±q~SV[ljmgecYmospa^mmY\aclkoSVmoSVeXl 9 ) Ò ;»]

sZ[¡xeXljmoaclZ[~eXWpizZ[q~aªecx[~Y\a^mecYigecYzZ[q~a¯ªg¶Y\eXd ) i l me ) i l xybSVmoSbljme±mosZY\[~[¡ecx[~Yu

Page 67: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

* 6

R

R

R

6UR º_R Ò R

)mR _R *_R

R ,_R

TSVUXWpYo[ )Z] 73 0®[~[daclÏxkybSbmmoSblZU¾ecg³yV[~c[y

a^mecY\UXSVc[lª

d

e\R

d ln

6UR , d ln

º_R

d i n

R º_R ,

)Z] Ò

SbdSbyba^YtyVªc¿ mosZ[`xeXljmoaclZ[~eXWp¾zZ[q~aª ecx®[~Yta^mecY¾gecYzZ[q~aª g¶Y\eXd ) i l me¤Ò n l xkySVmoSbljmemosZY\[~[ecx[~Y\a^mecY\UXSVc[ljª

d R

d i l Ò R f i

r )mR , d

i n )mR f i n _R ,

d i r _R f i

l *_R , )Z] Ò ºX

sZ[¥xkspac[zkacdxkSblZUÈecx[~Y\a^mecY\a^Yo[¥UXSVc[ljª

d R d R f º_R º d R d Ò R Ò f )mR #) f _R f *_R * )Z] ÒcÒ

5> 5>( $WL]D." ) 1aH6L_J SVmos`mosZ[a^e¯c[Slnm[~Y\acqvmoSbeXlda^mY\S¨¬[yV[d[ljmoaclpz¹zZ[qveXsZ[~Y\[lpqv[¥ecx[~Y\a^mecY\~¿ZmosZ[d±acm[~Y[hWpaumoSVeXlg¶ecYimosZ[moSd[¡[~ceXybWpmoSVeXlecg¢mosZ[°d°WpybmoSbyV[~c[y´ªm[d q~acl[¡qveXlkmY\Wpqvm[z ] ecYmosZ[°[vacdxkyV[[SVUXsjm¥yV[~c[y¢ªm[d¹¿mospSY\[oWpyVmoiSbl¤a *) *) da^mYtS¨gecY¥mosZ[È[~ceXybWZmoSVeXl«ecg²mosp[Èzp[lpoSVm¼ªda^mY\S¨[yV[d[lnmo ] sZ[imoSbd[¥zZ[~x[lpzZ[ljm©oeXybWZmoSVeXl`Sb©geXWplpz¬jªµmoa^½SlZUÈmosZ[¥da^mY\S¨¬[vxeXlZ[ljmoSbacyljWkd[~YuSbq~acyyVªc¿ZecYam[aczpª`omoa^m[°eXybWpmoSVeXl`q~acl[¥g¶eXWklpz`jª¬mosZ[¡d[~mosZezzpSboq~Wp\[z`Sbl [qvmoSVeXl )Z] ] ]

sZ[m¼ªjx[ecg xksZ[lZeXd[lka¥[vskSVkSVm[zªmosZ[+0®[~[dacl¬xkybSbm£d°WpybmoSbyV[~c[ypªm[d a^Yo[ioSbdSbya^Y£memosZeXo[°ecko[~Yoc[zSblmosZ[¡mospYo[~[°yV[~c[y³ªm[d ]­ lxka^Y\moSbq~Wpyba^Y¿kecxpmoSbq~acy´xWpdxkSblpU¾me`SblpqveXsp[~Yo[lnmecYqveXsZ[~Y\[lnmzpa^Yo½moa^m[Sb²eck[~Yoc[z ]£ spSbq~acl±[Wpo[zµac©a°zkSba^UXlZeXmoSbqecg´a^YtSVeXWp£[vx[~Y\Sbd[ljmoacyxka^Ytacd[~m[~Y\¡\Wpq\s ac¡ybac[~Y°xeXyba^Y\Sboa^moSbeXlpaclpz¸mosZ[µda^UXlZ[~moSbqk[ybz¸mYo[lpUcmos¦aclpz¸zkSVYo[qvmoSVeXl¿ aczpSoq~Wpo[z¹Sl spa^xpm[~Y ]

Page 68: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

!#"#$&%'()*+,%'#(&-.(&/+0%01%'243+%'+!5/%76+1%',283+#%!9:;<5<99"=,3(&>%?=,@$)A!$3+B<3++CEDF=HG !I$&%!3+,3%'?IJF%!CK%!L3+#%!9:NMOCE=.:P<9(&+1L$&A!$Q5=%!3RDS%!3S1(&39"#33+1(&7TU9:()LV=WYXUW[ZF=N1%',2K3+%!#9:3%',?#%'\DS%!L=.:P<9()+173%'+?%!#1L9:.9%!LG "31]%!3^1(&%'-=3(&93?!M[:P< ,(&C_/%!$`#%',%!C_+a3^3"9a]%!3^$&%!3+^$&(b=DF(&1=#3F%!1c=K%'(&=-,%'+!W

ZF=S3+9:d!M %!_%'#$b()1>CK%'-=(&9Se$b1*,C_\A!3[=@1=-!=,%!9:B4G fDK=FghCi%!3"G#$)A!$&35 3,"$)(&=-L(&c%IC_!K9:C_#$b(&9%'+1]1%'2j,3+%!9:K3+ 9:+,"#C7W8Z@=>CK%'-=(b9>e$&1CK%'-#()"1=F%!#1H1(&9:()i9%!HG F1=+,Ci(&=1KGUBK%!%!$)B<3(&-^=N3#%',%'()HG fDHN1%'23%!9:89:C_ =/3W

k0l,m npodqsrutwv[xzy.>o@>|v~4Lvq,v[.`sf 4`d."f#!s?![Z@I1#%'23%!9:I:PU ,(bC_34D7 MO!,C_1\A!K7ha()U1M,Cu"$)BX<j' ! =7+¡ "=-"3+4 H' ! ='WF¢?"=a(&=-_(&3F ,()<1I=*3%!CK8()jDS%!3."3+1jMO!N%!$b$:P<ha(&C_/%!$s,"35(QW£!W()>DS%!3K=!K=9:3,3%'B+],$)%!1¤=j()¤+,%'1#"=,(&=-¥=I(&7,"!MF:P< ,(&C_/3WZ@=,!G#%'G#$)K,%!3+MO!4(&383%'G#(&$&()BcD%!3*%'4=LX!¦§¨C 9:U$&(&=-¥$&%!3+8DS%!3>%!$)DS%B<3*1="#=1GUBj%'.$&%!3+4\©0ªF«>+L=81¥!M=4+,%!3(&()jMO¬U"=9:BIDF=¥=*(&­+,%'®DS%!3N=!.G (&=-DS%'9,=15M!S:P=%!C_#$)?DFH?(&H+a%'LDS%!3@$)MO\A!,(&-W[ZF(&3RA!/+17=0$&%!3+SMOC=!##(&=-4+_=0G#$&".3(b1=N!M=?3+#%!9:^()M(&S$&3+d()3d$)<92i+K(&3SM,9:^9%A<()fB!W ¡ $b3+=5%'(b3F1="#(&=-_=8$b%!3+N9%!¥¯AU(&18%i(&-j9:/$b(&=-K,%'+4%!1j#A!.$)33F!M%!­()¥%'M+?()%!3@Gh­=%'+1jGUBL9:$b$&(&3()#3RDN()I=^G#%!9,2/-!,"17-%!3N(&I=89a%!C8G W

¡ 9:3+¬U"=9:>!M[=!0%\AU(b=-H+I$&%!1¥*+,%'cDS%!3?%'?=4A!$)%'-!K¬U"()1­®=¢^°9:C_ 3,%'()I$)9:+<1=3d+K$b(&CK(&%'+?CK(&9:,C_!()IDS%!3dA!BI3+%'G#$)!5=Ci%!(&(&=->%'@Z!JN()-8±²ZFJ.³$)9:+,U1=*%'N´' 'µ*5zZ¶!®·MO8±²Z@·³$&9:+U18%'N´¨V/¸>:µ¹\A!.=0/()^ ,(&U1sWºs»²¼#»Q¼»Q¼ ½¾¿ÀUÁ­ÂhÿįÀUÅÆ¿Z@R3+"=a9:[!M#X!¦§¨C¹$&()-/DS%!3¶RMO¬U"=9:B01="=G#$&1*§'¦¨VC¹CK%!3+++Çf3,$&%A!S3+B<3++C¹1=39:,()G 1(&­T<9:()­UWYXUWYUWSZ@(&3d$&%!3@(&3dMO17+i%!3F=j6ÈG#$&";_$&%!3+@MO!@=^,3+d!M`(&3d9,#%'+W

ZF=.3"=,9:.!MÉ!´!´'CÊ$&()-/[DS%!3=?=C_?CK%!1=.:PU+,#%!$h9%\AU(&fBI1()<1=F$&%!3+d1(b39"33+1H(&TU9:(&cUWYXUW£V=W0Z@#(&3F$&%!3.(&3NMO1¥+L%!3.=c6È1;L$&%!3+.M!?=43+N!M(&3.9,#%'+W?Z@=$&%!3[DS%!3R$)<92!1H+>%!iË.Ì[·®MO9:N9%\AU(&fBi%\AU(b=-8$&(&DF(&1=IX!Í¥ªF«0"3(b=-^%83(b1=@!MsMO,(&=-!$)<92¥DF()®(&/+-!,%!$9:+,$`+L>9"/?%!#1¥z()«H!MR=_$&%!3+W*Z@=4M1=Gz%!92­A!$&%'-!K+

´!

Page 69: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

´!X=?#(&«4DS%!3@%!111H+>=^3,9%!IA!$)%'-!0+_=?#()«_%!1I3+/d="=-I%!7%!11S9(&,9"()+%!9:0%!3?%iMO1=MO!DS%',1®+H=>9"=,5s3+L%'.=_9"=/FMO1=G#%!9,2­DS%!3N2!#?%'?%!c%A!,%'-!A'%!$&"=_!MS«=WIZ@=_MO¬U"=9:Bc9%!$&()G,%'(&c!MHÉ!´!´j$&%!3^M,¬/"=#9:B¤±ODF $)<92!1 +­=9%\AU()B=³SA!,3"3SA!$)%'-!*%'#$&()1H+_=^Ë.Ì[· 9%\AU(&fBL#()«K9:/+$&$)dDS%!3S!G%!(&=1IGUBH"#3(&=->% "=,$&()-]' ! %\A!C_+WdZ@=^9%!$&(&G,%'()79:U"!i9:/FDS%!3@ <WY¦' Í­ªN«>C_µ$#&%Wºs»²¼#»Q¼»(' ) ¾+*-,¶À/Ä/.1032.OÀ541687:9-.;4¿Z@?Ci%'-=(&9.e$&1I9:(&$&3S"31IDR?=?ea3+d3+d9:3++,"9:+1jG/BI'ÇfÌ TU%!9:B!5#%!3F1=39:,()G 1L(&< !X>= WKZF=_39%!30D_ MO!,C_1®DF()]=79"=,@?#\DF(&-I(b¥K=!,()«/%!$e$&1c9:(&$b30%!19"=,3@GhDRÆ ¡ %!1A ¡ ?\DN(&=-K(&I=0A!,(&9%!$e$b179:(&$&3W

ZF(&34e$&1¤9:=e-",%'()¤<1"9:1¤%]CK%'-(&9Ie$&1%'KDS%!3_,1=CK(&%!/$)B]A!(b9%[email protected]<(&1=#9:.MO!d(&3DS%!3S%'dA!(&9%!$b$)Bi $&%',(b3+1LÉ!´!´'#CÊ$&()-/S9%!"#3+1I=B?#"=!3,9:9:0+A'%!(&3W¶Z@(&3¶(&3(&/++1*%!3¶!#(&9%!$#"#C_#(&=-S+N=[1%'203+%'+S9:3(b3+(&=-d!M==XDCEGFIHKJ LMEGFIH3+%'+31"=d+8=FÉ!´!´'C$b()-G (&-BNI $&%'a(&3+1s5!(QW£!W`=NÉ!´!´'#C$&%!3+[h$b%',(&3%'()>1(&9:()G (&=->#%'a%!$&$)$ +K=^Ci%'-=(&90e$b171()9:()W

ZF=*CK%'-#()"1=^!M*CK%'-=(b9^e$&1­D%!3N2!?9:3+%!/NMO!F*39%!3.1(&3,9"33+17G $)¯DDF0=^$&%!3+Fh$b%',(&3%'()#3%!#17=^9:C_ 3%'(&7A!$)%'-!3NDR8A¨%',(&1sWZ@=0CK%'-(&"1=!M.=jCK%'-=(b97e$&1¤%'K=7 3(&()!MN=j(& 9:"$&1¤G 71=+,CK(&1¤G/B¤C_%!3"=a(&=-®=MO¬U"=9:B73+#%!9(&-_GhDR¥=^DRH"=+,C_3N1%'2L3+#%!9:3F%!1¥"3(&-48%'!#,(&%'+·%!1=BOHM²%!9:+!FMO!F02U=¯DFj$&%!3@ $&%',(&3%'(&3+K+,%!3$b%'+^(&3d(&/+K%KCK%'-(&90e$&1Wºs»²¼#»Q¼»QP R.ÃS[À/¿ 9UT0Â&0¾V,¿XW.À/Á>TY9zÁ¨ÅÆÀZ6T<9%!#3iD®h,M!,CK1DF() =®G#$&"=­$b%!3+iMO¬U"=9:B e=P<1 %!#1 =¥1$&%!3+LM¬U"=9:BA'%'B<(&=-=5R%!#1 AU(b9::Ç A!,3%<W Z@j39%!3_ MO!,C_1 39%!#(&=-c=7G#$b"=7$&%!3+KD­1(Q!i9"$)4+(&/+,S3,(&9:.=0G#$&"=.$&%!3+d,\A<(&1=3=^9:U$&(&=-4M!d?(&s5=%!17=9:?DF=L=^$b%!3+d(&339%!#=1i¯A!S=N%'+CK(b9F3%!9:F.()iG -(&3+>=%'R%!#1i=?#"=!3,9:9:N1(b3%' %',3WZ@#(&3F,3"$)3?(&®%I9,%',%!9:+a(&3+(&9_%!$&MbÇf$)!,+«(&%!® %'2­3#%'h!5 DF>$)B7=_$)¯DwM¬U"=9:B3(b1=­!M^c%'+Ci(&9­,3+%!9:](&3H!G#3+A!1W\[È3+C_]9%!3+3I=c()(&3H%'+1°="=-39%!#(&=-H+L*G#$b"=83(&18!M=43+#%!9:>%'.(&F-%!(&3?3"+!i9()/F=-!B­+I$&%A!>=>()+,%'>¬U"()a(&=-d=+,%'>+NG R$)%!1=1s5%!$&="=-*(&3DS%!3%A!(b1=1>(&^(b33+!M:P< ,(&C_/3W¡ 3F%K9:#3+¬/"9:8!M`=8%'G ¯A!8G %A<()"=\5==8CK%/]+!,()BL!M39%!#3@ MO!,C_1ID8DF(&I=G#$b"=*$&%!3NMO¬U"=9:B7e=P<1¥%!#1¥*1®$&%!3+.MO¬/"9:BjA'%'BU(b=-=W ¡ $&$!M[=43,9%!3?%!%!$)B<3+1G $)¯DDH MO!,C_1 DF() i1$&%!3+*Gh(b=-­39%!1Æ%!1=iGz$&"=i$&%!34%\AU(b=-je=P<1MO¬U"=9:B!W`s_^ `#zba dc@VeUgfj\h®Uij@&f¨+kÆe<slfªN%'(&=-Hnmh9:3NDR,^!G#3+A!1¥(&I=81#%'2H,3+%!9:43+ 9:+,%>M!.()-I1¥$&%!3+F(b+3,()()35(QW£!WMO!o"prqrq@s ' touYvxwW[RD%!3!G#3A!1i#%'%!3=.$&%!3+S39%!=1H"=HN()-iM,¬/"=#9:BK3(&1=!M@H1%'2],3+%!9:H=y?z"=!39:9:HDR"#$&1z]"C_Æ+®%­#$&%'+%!"ÆA¨%!$&"!5DS%!3(b=-j"=*=1%',2®,3+%!9:!W­T<(&C4"$)%!"3$)B!5=i3()«i!Md=H()(&CK%'-!i!Gz3+A!1 Æ= ¡ 1=!_@S¢9%!C_a%4(b9:%!3+1s5U(&C_#$&BU(&-.#%'R=?()iD%!3G (&=-8%'+1L(b+4%!i!Gz()[!M$&%',-!3(&«!WZ@=nm 9:FDS%!3d#%'(b9"$&%',$)BK!(&9%'G#$)?DF=I8X!¦§¨C~$&%!3dh$b%',(&3%'()LDS%!3N]%!1I=8É!´!´'#C$&%!3K $&%',(&3%'(&ÆDS%!3X|~> # 5DF=77#$&%'+%!" -(&9%!"3+1 G/B¤=%'(&=-]DS%!3=1"==I9:/+,%!$[DR]9$)3$)B 3+#%!9:11%'2]3%!9:I9:C_ =3W­Z@(&38G %A<()"=4(&383\DF(& ()-"=,UW&4DF(b9,®3=\DN3N439%!c!M[=*,1®$b%!3+?\A!0=>3+#%!9:4%'0(&-®É!´!´'C $b%!3+(&/+3(&fB!W

Page 70: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

´¨V

−100 −80 −60 −40 −20 0 20 40500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

δ866

(MHz)

Cou

nts

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

68 microns

()-"=,UW& ¢?%'2?3+#%!9:R3+ 9:+,"#C!MX!¦§¨C>ÇÉ!´!´'C 3+B<3++C 39%!#(&=-FÉ!´!´'C $&%!3+\WªN%'ÈÇ(&-jnmh9:3_%',i!G#3+,A!1Æ(&=H9:/+,%!$R-()Æ!Md=H3,9%!sW3[È3+*3,=\DF3*() 3,9(&$&$&%'(&-­(&%¨P=(&%!$1(&9:()71"=0+H=%'(&=-K(&I89:+a%!$s-()7!M`=^3,9%!sW

¡ 3(bCK(&$&%'dnm 9:N%!3FG 7!G#3+A!1¥(&j1%',2H3%!9:839%!#3@!M`fDHGz%',(&"C ()3 < V!Vt= Wl[È(b3N,M#9:>$b%!3+^=%'(&=-LDS%!30!G#3+A!1c%'^=-%'(&A!K1="(&-3F!MRGh!c$&%!3,3?M,C,3+'Ç%!#9:@DF()>=(&3+ 9:()A!@%'+CK(b9d+,%!3(&()35%!3R(&3=@9%!3+.(&>=@:P< ,(&C_/3` MO!,C_1=,!W[È­(b3@-(&CK*=>JF%!Ci%!­+,%!#3()()3N1=CK(&#%'+8=>(&/+,%!9:()3NG fD¥4$&%!3,3%!1L=^(&HC_!(&sWRS$)3+?+>=01%'2H3+%!#9:3S=0(&+a%!$ ()I3+%'+^(&3S%>3"= 3()()!M= % FIH %!1zC EGFIH 3%'+3@%!1LM!aCK3S%!Inmh9:()A!0DRK$&A!$s3+BU3+C7WªF#9:?%'(&=->nmh9:3%'L!G#3+,A!1ÆDN=inm 9:()A!j1="(b=-j!M@=H1$&%!3+>M,C=IJF%!Ci%!+,%!#3()()Æ(&3 3()(&A! < V!VD= W[Z@(&3S:P<#$&%!#%'()7%'-!3NDF()I=0G %\AU()"d!G#3+A!1¥(&I(&3S:P< ,(&C_/W`s dc@VeUgfiMkba MkYf¨h¶T<9%!#3?DR_ MO!,C_1®A'%'B<(&=-L=_G#$&"=>%!1®1]$&%!30h$b%',(&3%'()#3FMOC 39%!c+j39%!5¶(&!,1N+L!G#3+A!4=*A¨%',(&"3F 33,()G#$)^1%',2L,3+%!9:3W.Z@=*=!(&9%!$ghCK%!®3+#$b()+(&=-3G fD=¥1#%'2 3+%!#9:3H(&3L3=¯DF (b ()-"= UWY MO!L=®É!´!´'C $&%!3H%\AU(&-¬U"%!$%!C_"#34!M #%!#1 | $&%'a(&3%'()s5%!1Æ=IX!¦§¨#C $b%!3+*(&=8#"yNhÇ $&%',(b3+1]!_%!¬U"%!$CK()PU"=,.!M~ # >| $&%',(&3,%'()3W !4%7A!,(&9%!$CK%'-=(b9_e$&1cA!(b9%!$&$)B®h$b%',(&3+1]$&(&-?DF(&$b$#%A!yNh$b%',(&3%'()5hDN(&$)

=!a()«%!$b$)B^ $&%',(&31*$&(&-DF(&$&$/%A!d $&%'a(&3%'()*%'9:3(&33`!M#¬U"%!$<%!C_"/3`!MU # >|RWT<9%!#30!MS=HÉ!´!´j$b%!3+^MO¬/"9:B¥DN()]=iX!¦§7M¬U"=9:B®e=P<1]DK MO!,C_1cDF() A!+Ç(&9%!$b$)B $&%',(&31X!¦§c$b()->%!1 =!a()«%!$b$)B $&%',(&31É!´!´c$&(&-W !K(&3>9a=(&9:7!MN$b%!3+ $&%',(b3%'()3[M"=S1%'2_,3+%!9:. %'2U33="$b1KG F!G#3A!1s5<M,CV % FIHKJ L % FIH +_XDC EGFIHKJ % FIH%!1¥V % FIHKJ L % FIH +IXDC EGFIHKJ LMEGFIH WNZ@=*!G#3+A!1 ?#"!39:9:>%!1®%i=!,(&9%!$eF+L=>1%'%"3,(&=-0=.3++%!1=BK3+%'+?3+$&"=(&_!M =F!(b9%!$ $)<9,K¬U"%'()#3[(&3R3=\DNi(& ()-"UWYXUWËN!+

Page 71: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

´t

1/5u 7/5u−1/5u−7/5u

(a)

−11/5u −3/5u 3/5u 11/5u

(b)

()-"=,zUWY ghCK%!¤3+z$&()+(&=-38!MN1%',2 3+%!#9:3>!G#3+A!1¤DF(&=jX!¦§¨C %!#1¤É!´!´'#C$&%!3,3KMO! ±²%³ NhÇ $&%'a(&3+1 X!¦§¨C$&%!3+L%!1 # > | Ç $&%'a(&3+1É!´!´'C $&%!3+\50±OG ³ # > | Ç $&%',(b3+17X!¦§¨C~$&%!3F%!13 # >|Ç $&%',(&31IÉ!´!´'#C~$&%!3+\W

−200 −150 −100 −50 0 50 1000

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

δ866

(MHz)

Cou

nts

()-"=,UWYX ¢?%'243+#%!9:F39%!_!MsÉ!´!´'C $b%!3+DF()_X!¦§¨Cp$&%!3+bNhÇ $&%',(b3+1s5É!´!´'C$b%!3+ # >|WZ@=FMO"$b$9"=A!.(&3[%8e+4=N1%'%<5<DF(&_e++1H#%',%!C_+,3o E ¹YXGo"prqrqÉ YÉ© E YX!Í­ªN«5prqrq &Í­ªN«! E #"!¦!Í¥ªF«/W$ E 5prqrq*%'>·!,+«(&%! ª?Í$&%!3F$&(&=DN(&1=3W

%'F(&3SeFCi%'9,=3F=81%'%_G 3+dj=^1 ±²9:U$&(&=-/³d3(&1=?!M`%!9,¥1%'2L3+%!9:*1()W "==439%!30Di%'2!ÆDF()cG ! $b%!3+,3^=!a()«%!$b$)B¥ $&%'a(&3+1s53+­%'^%!9,ÆG %!C

9:/%!(&=1]¬U"%!$%!C_"#3?!M # > | $&%'a(&3+1®$&()-/W !^(b3.9a=(&9:K!M$&%!3+0 $&%',(b3%'()3MO"=`1%'203+#%!9:R %'2<33,="$&10G R!G#3+A!1s5!MOC V % FIHKJ L % FIHR+?XDCEGFIHKJ L % FIH%!1*V % FIHKJ L % FIH+_XDC EGFIHKJ LMEGFIH WZ@=@!Gz3+A!1y?#"=!39:#9:N%!1H%^=!(b9%!$#e[+*=.1%'%8"#3(&=-0=.3++%!1=B3+%'+43+$&"=(&I!M=8!(&9%!$ $)<9,7¬U"%'()#3@(&3@3\DFj(b (&-"= UW£V=W[È%!9,!M*=3+ 39%!#3I= X!¦§¨C $&%!3+7(&/+3()B DS%!3IM"#1 GUB e#+(&=-+ =]1%'%

+¤G ¥%'G "=®¥3%'",%'()°(&/+3()B!W Z@=¥e++1É!´!´'C $&%!3+I(&/+3()B D%!3LMO"1 +ÆG ´¯ÇÉ3%'"=,%'() (&+#3()()3W¤Z@=j%'(&=-]nm 9:3i%'_Dj!Gz3+A!1%'i#()-É!´!´'C $b%!3+(&/+3(&()30DH=!4%!3*!(&9:%'G#$)i(b]=3+L39%!35=¯DRA!4AU(b1=9:i!Md=%'(b=-¥(&3^3+/G fD =79:/+,%!$dDR 9:C_ =/3_!MN=739%! 3=¯DF (& ()-"= UWYXU5%!#1¤¤=IG#$&"=±²=%'(b=-/³S3(&1.!M%!$&$ ^3+%!#9:3W

Page 72: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

´!´

−200 −150 −100 −50 0 50 1000

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

δ866

(MHz)

Cou

nts

()-"=, UW£V ¢?%'243+%!9:d39%!>!M É!´!´'C $&%!3DN()_X!¦§¨Cw$&%!3+~ # > | Ç $&%',(&3+15!É!´!´'#C$&%!3 # >|RWdZ@=^M²"$&$9"A!*(&3F%Ke@+L=81#%'%<5zDF(&7e++1¥#%',%!C_+,3o E YÉGo"prqrq¦ § &\© E Y´!Í­ªN«5prqrq ° &Í¥ªF« ! E "F´' Í¥ªF«W

`s dc@VeUgfiMkba ¶d#lf¨h¶T<9%!#3[D.h,M!,CK1KDF()i=N$b%!3+R $&%'a(&3%'()3e=PU1H%!1H=N¢^ 9:C_ 3%'()iA¨%!$&%'-!%!$)+,1®%\D%\B¥MOC ()3N!(&C4"C~A'%!$&"=*!M[%'"#1®´¨V!µ4WsZ@=*3,9%!3?%'43,=\DF®(& ()-"=UW U5DF0=89:C_ 3,%'()IA!$)%'-!3.%'^MOCÊ+!­+iGh!++C ´!ɨµ*5h´!´¨µ*5 ´¨V!µ*5 ´' 'µ*W[ D%!3S!G#3A!1L%'S=NM²"=[=?A!$)%'-!?DS%!3SMCE()3!(&C4"CA¨%!$&"N=?3%!$b$)\D

=^1#%'2i3%!9:3dG 9%!C_!W[ZF(&3(&3d(&/++17%!3S=^%!CK#$&()"1F!M=^()ICK(&9:CK!()(&#9:%!3(&=-L%!3.=_9:C_ 3%'()¥A¨%'a()3?%DS%B®MC =4!(&C4"CA¨%!$b"=!5s$)%!1(&=-i+I¢.!z$)G,%!1=(&=->!M`=^3+ 9:+,"#C7W`s 4`dVkf#!s ¶e=ff¨ ¶lf¢?%'2j,3+%!9:>39%!3?"3(b=-HX!¦§H%!1cÉ!´!´H$b%!3+,3.%!$&$)\D1¥=4Ci%'-=(&9*e$&1­%'?=4()®%!1=7$&%!3>(b+3,()()3*+®G I1=+,CK(b=1M²%!(),$&Bc%!99",%'+$)B!W [ M@DL%!1D]+"3*=7CK%'-(&9Le$&1DF#(&$)>=$&1(&-i!=^z%',%!C_+,30ePU1](&c_e5(&c!,1=0+73(&CK%'+K=_#9(&3()¥!M=e++1HA'%!$&"=!5DF!G#%!(&¥UWYɸ0 &\© %!1L§/W&\¸? <W&\© MO!=F1%'%43=¯DFi(& (&-"=3UWYX*%!1 UW£V3h9:(&A!$)B!5#%!33"#CK(&=-> MO9:@9%!$&()G,%'(&I!M=4É!´!´>M,¬/"=#9:B!W

ZF=01%'2K3%!9:?:PU ,(bC_3 ,CK(&R"3+K1=1"#9:.%'#P=(&CK%'+?A'%!$&"=3M!d?$b%!3+$&(b=DF(&1=#3W7Z@=i1%',2]3+%!9:I3+ 9:+,%¥!G%!(&=1"3(b=-7=I=D X!¦§¥$&%!343+BU+C75%Fµ$&%!3[1()<1=!5%'@=!%!3R1=K%!33+@3=¯DF_%'G \A!FDN(&9,4D@!G%!(b=1_"3(&-.dM¬U"=9:B1="G#$&(&=-*3+BU3+C7WZ@(&3(&3(&/++1I%!3SG (&=-41"=.+4.=D$&%!3S3BU3++CÊ#%A<(&=->%4$b%'-!$&(b=DF(&1=5¨DN(&9,i(&39:3(b3++RDF()>=Ne-"=d!M3A!,%!$zÍ¥ªF«N!G%!(&=1iM,Cw=N$&U9,2>3,()-%!$+K8=C_CK%!10M,9:89%A<()B!W

Page 73: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

´§

−150 −100 −50 0 50 1000

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

δ866

(MHz)

Arb

itrar

y U

nits

()-"=,UW ¢?%'2>3+%!9:.39%!3[!M¶É!´!´'C$&%!3[A'%'BU(b=-^¢^9:C_ 3,%'()_A!$)%'-!!WSC>Ç 3%'(&¥A!$&%'-!38%'­±OMOC +! +7G !++CH³?´!ɨµ45´!´¨µ45¶´¨V!µ*5´' 'µ4W 3+89:C_ 3,%'()c(&3%'"#1­´¨V!µ4W

Page 74: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

Æ ~

^l,m ,v|hqsy. >v*a [È0!,1=¶+F1=+,CK(b=`=3"#$) !M<%d¬U"%!/"C (&M!,Ci%'()?:PU ,(bC_s()(b3=9:33%',BN+N%!1"=F=^¬/"G#()d3+%'+*%'F=017!M=89:C_z"=%'()sW~[Èj%!11(&()s5<¬/"%!/"CÊ,!F9:!9:(&¬U"(),3K-!UU1%!1="i"!i9()#9:B="=-"=i=c9:C_#"%'()s5@(& !,1=L+¤3%'G#(&$&(&37=¬U"%!/"CÊ3+%'+!Wl[ÈL="!$#S%g|c3+B<3++CÊ"3(b=-*.DRIghCK%!73"=Gz$)A!$&3!M¶=0V % FIH $&A!$s%!3=?¬U"=G#()5/=N,%!1="=SC_=<1H(&3R+_"3+N$)9:+I3=$)A<(&=-8M$&$&\D1HGUBK%d?#"=!3,9:9:Nz"$&3+!WZ@^$)A!$3++,"#9:"=0!M !$# S% | (&3d3=¯DFj(& ()-"K'WYXU5##U1#"9:1LGh$&\D MO!F9:/A!()9:!W% $)9:+]3$)AU(b=-H(&/A!$)A!303+%'+:Çf1h#1=0 !#"#$&%'()¥+,%!3+MO0M,C4!M=_¬U"=G#()

$)A!$b3^+c%­C_%!3+%'Gz$)H3$)M$&A!$QW7Z@=H3,=$)MS$)A!$[C4"3+*Ghi"=3(&1=_H3+*!M@$)A!$&38"#3+1MO!09:/$&(b=-i=>()sW ¡ 3"G#3+¬U"=.%'#$&(b9%'()j!Ma%!1(&%'()¥®=49:U$&(&-i+,%!3,()()3FDF(&$&$,U1"#9:y?#"!39:9:7$&B()MFL !#"#$&%'()(&3>=!K(&=73=$)MN$)A!$QWÆZF=7%!1=A¨%!/%'-!j!M=0$&9:+j3=$&AU(&-*+9a(&¬U"=^(&3%'FCi(&$&$&()#3!M#=!+3d%'^3,9%'++1­DN=L=^9:/$b(&=-$&%!3,3@%'^%'z$&()1s5<3+K=^(b+,(b3(&9.1=+9:()7"!H9()9:BI!M0#=!+<1=+9:+!N1=U3@=!N$&(&CK()=8%!1="=d"!i9(&9:B!WRZ@.,%!1="=@"!i9(&9:BL(b3@1=e#=17%!3

& # " | ±Q´UW&\³DF L (&3[=@,!G#%'G#(&$&(&fB8!M3,=$)A<(&=-?M,C =@V % FIHKJ L % FIH 3"=Gz$)A!$%!1H()[(&3%!3,3"C_1i%'=>(&/+(&¥(&3N+I3=$)A!4 !#"$&%'()jMC=('*) #"^ 'L3"=G#$&A!$QWFªN9: #,+ >(&3F=(&"!i9()9:Bj1"*+IM²%!(&$&(&=-i+j3=$)A!4M,C41=3,()1®$)A!$Q5s%!1 | s I(&3N=_(&="!i9()#9:B1"0+i3=$)A<(&=->MOC =^DF=-K$)A!$QWÌMO9:N3,=$)A<(&=-_9:!3+ 1#3S+ & ¹'W[ N(b3d 33()G#$&NDF(&j9(),9"$b%',$)Bi $&%'a(&3+1jX!¦§¨C~,%!1(&%'()j+i:P=9()+8$&BHMOC ^!M`=

¬U"=G#()K$&A!$&3WªF¯DRA!I$&B¤% MD #=!+3iDF(&$&$G ­39%'++,1 G MO!j=®()(&3i!(&9%!$&$&B#"#C_ 1H(&/+_=?!=F¬U"=G#(&3+%'+!WZ%'2<(&=->=^3$&(&1I%!=-$)03"=G#+1=1LG/BH=^1=+9:+!.%!1=_1=+9:+!*"!i9()9:B¥(&+7%!99:"/^=>%!1"=?"!i9()9:B¥DR"$b1­G _$)33.%!¤.-MO!0"=3+B<3++C7W [ F(&3FDR!,­=!(&-K%'?(&7!=?()(&903BU3++Ci3 < ´>==*/B/ ez=^3+#$&(&+(&=->G fD=*¬/"=Gz()d3+%'+3F(&3F$&%'-!0="=-j+i%!$&$)¯D %!1="=FG/BI"3+0!M%_9:B<9$&(&=-_+,%!#3()()sW

ZF=i+9a(&9%!$&$&Bc1CK%!1(&-7#%'^!Md=H$)9:+3=$)A<(&=-jCK=U1Æ(&3^H3+%'+I1= <Ç1=/@ !#"$b%'()L+,%!3+MOd+K=8CK%!3+%'G#$)83,=$)M$&A!$QW¢?()9:@:P=9()%'()7j=^+,%!3,()()MOC 8-!"#1­3+%'+4+i=43=$)M`(&3N"3"%!$&$&BiMO!G#(&11IG/B7$)9:+a(&9 Çf1() $)0+,%!#3()()7a"$)35¬U"()a(&=-^%!i(b+3N%',\D Gz%!1i$&%!3[+>1=,()A!@NCK%'-=(b9F1() $)d!$)9:+,(b9F¬U"%!1=,"= $)+,%!#3()()sW0/.(&9%!$#"C_#(b=-I="=- %¥3=!ÈÇf$b()A!1]:P=9()+13+%'+L+­i3=$)MS(&38h3,3()G#$)!5G#"d¬/"#()3S=^-!B73+#%',%'()­!M8¬/"G#()@3+%'+3F+iG ^C*"#9,­$b%'-!@%!7^:P<9(&+13+%'+*$&(&=DF(b1=sW1/?=@C_=<13d3"9a7%!3NTU(&C4"$&%'+1IJN%!CK%! ¡ 1(&%'G#%'(&9?Ì`%!33%'-!L± T<Z [ÈJ ¡ ̳

´!É

Page 75: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

+~ ´!¦

94%

5.4%854nm

0.6%

397nm393nm94% 850nm866nm

6%

V % FIH

XDC EGFIH

XDC FIH

V % FIH

V EGFIH

O

O !

O q

O H E

O ! E

wY' N¸¤ =3

¹&´!É.¸¤ ! §¨3

§ ¦!É.¸¤ '3

´Y¦!¨V0¸¤ =¦'3

()-"=,_´UW& ·A!$3++a"9:"=>!M !$#d%g|c3=\DN(&=-I·¶%!1 O¥A¨%!$&"30%!1c$)9:+,(&9 Çf1#() $)4%!$b$)\D1+,%!#3()()3W ,%!#9,(&-_,%'()3@%'8-()A!­%!3d ,9:/%'-!3W

¬U"(),4(&-®$b%!3+^(&/+3()()3.!^3Ci%!$&$`$&%!3+0$&(&=DN(&1=3W0Z@3+_C_=<130%'K1=39:a()G 1­G :Ç$)¯D^5 %!$)=-LDF()­%H=D <9:1"=81A!$)! 1­¯A!0=*9:"=a3+*!M#(&3F,3+%',9,®,>]È9:W.Z@=C_U13d#%A!0G 7C_<1=$&$)1L/"#C_,(&9%!$&$&BK"3(&=->3+!MOfDS%'0%'@3+$&A!3S=0MO"#$&$#!#(&9%!$ $)U9a¬U"%'()3MO!`=3BU3++CjW`ZF(&3¶3!MD%'@#%!3G 41=A!$)! 1>1"=,(b=-@=S9:"=,3+S!M#(&3¢?ÌR(&$,>]È9:W

^l $ ,v twv[o_y* v` >y[È !,1=_nm 9:()A!$)B¤+9:U$d=¥()¤G/B:P=9()(&=-] ­X!¦§¨Cu+,%!#3()()¤()K(&3_9:33%'B()d%'d=0=-!BI1( m 9:?G fD7=*g CK%!j3"=Gz3+%'+3S!M0-!"1I$)A!$(b3$&33%!j=8$&(&DF(&1=H!M^V % FIH $)A!$s!@%'N$&()-/d!MDRHM¬U"=9(&3@(&3d%A'%!(&$&%'Gz$)0+K:P=9()+MOC G !c3"=G#$)A!$b3W^Z@(&3.%A!(b13?=> !#"$&%'()¥G (&=-L!(&9%!$&$&B7#"C_ 1®(&+I=>!MR=3"G#$)A!$&3d%!1j2U(&$b$&(&=-*= ?#"=!,39:9:!W

ªN\DA!5MO!M¬U"=9:B^3$)9:()A!R3%'+S1h#1=3=$)A<(&=-d+N=SXDC FIH $)A!$/=R3+z%!9(&=-G fD =j¬/"G#()K3+%'+3HC*"3KG j$&%'-!­9:C_z%'1 +j:P<9(&+1 3+%'+®$&(&=DF(b1=sW /?= 33(&G#(&$&()B¥(&3*+c%A!I=I()-e$&1 ¤%'>%!$&$(bC_3>%!1Æ"#3+H%!%!9:"3++'Ç !(b97C_U1#"$&%'+!± ¡ /0Íc³8+cG,(&1=-!i=HMO¬U"=9:B 1( mh#9:HG fD=I¬/"=Gz()83+%'+3W ,C =H (&/^!MA<()D!MCK%'-=(b9Fe$b1H3+%'Gz(&$&()B>(&CK%\BiG FG ++S+_"3+.%4$&\DCK%'-=(&9Ne$&15!M¶!a1=. ©>51",(&=-K4¬U"%!/"C (&=MO!,CK%'()­<9:33(&=-L3+%'-!_!M=4:P<ha(&C_/N%!1®#"$b3+^c%I()-

Page 76: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

+~ §¨ e$b171"=,(&-*=8%!1="=@3+%'-!!W

ZF=0G#%!3(&9?(&1%>!M=^#()-Ie$&1I3=$&AU(&->CK=U1 < É/=¶(&3S+i"3+@ #sÇ $&%',(b3+17X!¦!X'C $&()-/+ 1=a()A!L%]9:B<9$&(&-¥+,%!#3()()MOC V % FIHKJ #&% FIH +c=7V EGFIHKJ # EGFIH 3,"=G#$)A!$QW ZF=IG,%!9a(&=-,%'(&3FMOC=8:P=9()+1®3"=G#$)A!$¶C_%!­#%'?¦¨V - !M=4(&C_^=* !#"$&%'()­(&3@9:B<9$)1¥+=0V % FIHKJ #&% FIH03"=G#$)A!$ 5U <W § -E!M=0(&C_0()d1=9%\BU3@+_=8XDCEGFIH0$)A!$s%!1I(&3d$)3S%!#13UWYX -()d1=9%\BU3F+_=^3=$&MWZ@U"3S%'MO+F%'G "=F' _9:BU9$&3d7=8X!¦!X'C +,%!3()(&H0h!z"$&%'()(&3R3=$)A!1i+8=?XDC FIH 3+%'+.DF()H¦' -w"!i9(&9:B!WZ@=FCi%'-=(&9@e#$&1K(&3[=K1#"9:1K+4()3$)¯D e$&1IA'%!$&"=^%!#17=*X!¦§¨C~%!1­É!´!´'C9:/$&(b=-K$&%!3+,3d%'##$&()1I+i$&/!2LM!?#"=!39:#9:!W

ZF=^CK%!(&j1,%D@Gz%!92<3d+i=^#()-Ie$&173$)AU(b=-_C_=<1j%'^=0DmhÇ 3+#%!N:P<9()%'(&!M=KV % FIHKJ | % FIH V EGFIHKJ #&% FIH +a%!3()()]%!#1c=K=1]MO!83+DF(&9,(&-LG DR #()-]%!1 $)¯DCK%'-(&9­e#$&13W % P<9(&%'() !M8V % FIHKJ | % FIH V % FIHKJ #&% FIH 9%!"#3+3i¥ !#"$b%'() +¤!(&9%!$&$&B#"#C_ (&/+ =¥V % FIHKJ #&% FIH­$)A!$ 5S%'MO+LDF(&9a()i(&3H3=$)A!1W /.iM²%!9:+!,3i#%'H$&(&Ci()>=%!1"=¶"!i9(&9:B0%'[=$&%!3+h$b%',(&3%'()0(bC_#"=,(&fBN%!#18$&%!3+$&(&=DN(&1=s5%!3DR$b$%!3¶R3$)¯D1=9%\B_M,Cw=F3$)Mz$)A!$ W`ZF=3+dM²%!9:+!,3[%'F!M 39:1%'B_(&C_ !%!#9:!WZ@d¬/"#()C_/+%\A!(&1jDmhÇ 3+%!/@:P=9()%'()7!M=^"/DS%!+1­+,%!3()(&L33@%K$)¯DRF$b(&CK()+_=^3++-!!MN=7CK%'-=(&9Le$&1"3+1+]3+#%'a%'+7=H+a%!3()()#3W [_%!$&3+c1=+,Ci(&=34=L!(&C4"C3$)AU(b=->#"$&3+?(&CK0%'F3="#$&1LGh^"#3+1sW»Q's»s»Q¼ ÅÆÀUÁ>.10¾V4@Â.OÅ 4O¾=Ä/.19U,¿Z@^()-Ie$&173,=$)A<(&=->:PU ,(bC_d%!3@A<()"3$)BHG I:P<%!CK(b=17MOC %!j%!%!$&B/(&9%!$,%'+¬U"%'() C_<1=$S!MN=j3+B<3++C75R9:C*G#(&1ÆDN()¤%]C_!71=%!(&$)1¤a%'+7¬/"%'(& /"CK,(&9%!$3(bC*"$b%'()%'2<(&=-](&/+]%!99:"/K%!$&$S1=9%B,%'+3 < Ét= W [ ¤I9:",3+I!MF(b3*D!2/"CK,(&9%!$3(bC*"$b%'()3."3(&=-L=>!(&9%!$ $)<9,c¬U"%'()3?D> MO!,C_1s5 ,(bCK%',(&$)B7%!30%L+3+0!MR==D 3+!MD%',!W

ZF=43BU3++C (&3?C_<1=$&$&1­%!3?%7Xi$)A!$ 3+BU3+C 9:#3(&3+(&-i!M=_C_%!3%'G#$)>V % FIH %!1XDC EGFIH $)A!$b3.%!#1¥4:P=9()+1cV EGFIH $)A!$Q5 DF()c1(&9:N+a%!3()()#3FG fD]=_$)¯DR^$&A!$&3MO!G#(&1#1=LG/BL$)9:+,(&9 Çf1#() $)03+$)9:()7a"$)3WZ@=^$&A!$3++,"9:"^(&3@3\DF7(& ()-"8´UWYUW

ZF=@3+#$&(&+(&=-.!Mz=Ng CK%!i3"G#$)A!$&3`(&3`+%'+1iG/B>=@CK=U1_139:,()G 1>(&iS%'#+V=W¢.9%B®+L=43,=$)M$)A!$(&3.%!1$)1­G/Bj%!$b$)\DF(b=-i=4 !#"$&%'(&7+7$)%'27"=.!M=>3+BU3+C75(QW£!W[=0:P<9(&+1­3+%'+41=9%B<3F%'@a%'+

¹ E % ErH E u ±Q´UWY³DF (&3_­$&()MO(&C_I!M?=j:P=9()+1 3%'+!W B :P=9$&"1(&-¥=¥3%!1=DF(b9, ! ,%'+!H%'=!aCK%!$&(&3+3S8+!%!$ !#"#$&%'()71"=0+L1=9%B7+H=83$)M5=^+!%!$¶ !#"#$&%'()I1=9:%!3+3WZ@^3=$)A!17 !#"#$&%'()I(&3S=7¬U"%!$s+¥ Ça±OCK%!(&(b=-_ !#"$&%'()h³aW

ZF=@MO¬/"9:B>!MhNX!¦!X'CE$&%!3+R(b39,=3i+*Ghd¬U"%!$#+8=@MO¬U"=9:B>!M =.ghCi%!3#()M+14V % FIHKJ #&% FIH V EGFIHKJ # EGFIH +a%!3()()WZ@(b3(&3%?MO¬U"=9:B43()MO!M "$¶5DF= $b%'()A!^+K=^"#3()MO+1L+,%!3(&()sW°=Æ=7X!¦!X'C $&%!3+*(b38Æ3+%!#9:HDF(& =HV % FIHKJ #&% FIH V EGFIHKJ # EGFIH +,%!#3()()=

3++%!1BL3+%'+8h!z"$&%'()L(&H=0:P<9(&+173+%'+H±²()-=!a(&=->1=9%B<3d+_= CiÇf3+%'+3a³S(b3R-(&A!IG/B $

H H

<±QXDoa³ ±Q´UWYX³

DF (b3*H+!%!$@19%Ba%'+7MC V EGFIH'5lo H 'X H (&34=L$b%!3+_(&+#3()fBÆ(&Æ"#()3!M?3%'"=,%'(& (&+#3()fB%!1 (&3>=jJN%'G#(M,¬/"=#9:B!M.=7+,%!3(&()¤(&¤¬/"=3()sW¤Z@=%'#P=(&CK%'()¥!M[()-!,(&=-K41=9%\BU3?+L=C "F3+%'+3?(&3N%H-!UU1®=>3(&9:*=4G,%!9a(&=-,%'(&i(&3d <W&'W

Page 77: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

+~ §U

V % FIH

XDC EGFIH

V EGFIH X

3=$)M E %

ErH

E u

()-"8´UWY ·¶A!$3++,"9:"0!M !$# d% | 3=\DN(&=-_1=9%B7,"=+3dMOCÊV EGFIH

ZF=0,%'+^!M`+,%!3M@+i=^3=$)M`$)A!$(b3S=7-()A!j%'#P=(&CK%'+$&BHGUB 3, E u E u

<±QXDo ³ E u ± XDo³ Go ±Q´UW£V/³ZF=0DmzÇ ,3+%!/F:P=9()%'()7MOCÊV % FIHKJ | % FIH "=-7V EGFIHKJ #&% FIH +KV % FIHKJ #&% FIH U99"=a3@%'=8,%'+ < É>= %

X E % X X o O X ±Q´UW ³DF0=8$&(b=:Çf3%' .MO"#9:()7(&3d1=e#17G/B

Oh± ¨³ H ¯V H

H ¯V ±Q´UWY´³ZF=^3=$)A<(&=->"!i9(&9:BL%!3N%_M²"9:()I!M(&C_^(&3F=9: < É>=

& ±+³ ° YÉ!¦!¦ < % ±² ³" H ±² ³Y= H H " % ± # w " # w ³ ±Q´UW §!³DF H 3 (&3=Ra%'+R!M+a%!3+MOMOC V % FIHKJ #&% FIH +N3$)M%!1 % ±² ³ H ±² ³%'=(&#()(&%!$ !#"#$&%'()3(bH3+%'+3@V % FIHKJ #&% FIH %!#1HV % FIHKJ | % FIH ,3+ 9:()A!$)B!WZ@=?3=$)A<(&=-8"!i9()9:B%!3F%KCK%¨P=(&C*"#CÊ%'@=^!(bC*"C z"$&3+?(&C_

! v#" $b^± H % ³ H " % ±Q´UWYɳ

Page 78: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

+~ §'

!N%_3=$&AU(&-4z"$&3+.!M$&=-!7¬U"%!$ +K=0!(bC*"C z"$&3+.(&C_0=^3,=$)A<(&=-4"!i9()9:B(&34%¥MO"#9:() !Md=7X!¦!X'C $&%!3+>(&/+3()B %!1 L%'z$&()1 CK%'-(&9ie#$&13++,=-!$)B!WZ@3+F#%'a%!C_+,3%'NA'%',()1H(&K%!%!$&B/(&9%!$z%!1L/"CK,(&9%!$C_<1=$&3[!Ms=N3,=$)A<(&=-0<9:33R+1=+aCK(&=0=0!#(&C*"#C 3=$)A<(&=-4"!i9()#9:BL#%'F9%!7G 0!G%!(&=1W ()-"Æ´UWYX 3=\DN3­%z$)!j!M_ %'23=$)A<(&=- "!i9(&9:B %'-%!(&3+¥%'#$&()1 CK%'-=(&9e$&1

3++,=-!iMO!S%8#%!(&[!M¶X!¦!X'C $&%!3+(&/+3()()3R%!1i$b%!3+$b(&=DF(&13W¶Z@#(&3e-"=,N(&3R3(&CK(&$b%'+ ()-"=,N0!MsJ@MO9: < É>= 5Gz"=[=F=F,!-!,%!C"31_+8 MO!,Cw=./"#C_,(&9%!$3,(&C*"#$&%'()3"33?!(&9%!$ $)U9ac¬/"#%'()3.,%'=0%!®,%'+_¬U"%'()#3?+I3$)A!>M!0=_1=B<%!CK(b93F!MR=3+B<3++C7W

100

101

102

103

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

ε=(S

−−

S+)

B (G)

Ω393

=Γ31

Ω393

=Γ31

/4

100

101

102

103

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

ε=(S

−−

S+)

B (G)

Ω393

=Γ31

Ω393

=Γ31

/4

()-"=,L´UWYX T<$)AU(b=-7"!i9()9:B & %!34%¥MO"#9:() !M@CK%'-(&9ie#$&1(&-%!"33*M!4fDcA¨%!$b"=3!M.=jJF%'Gz(dM,¬/"=#9:B!M.=j3=$)A<(&=-®#"$b3+!WZF(&92ÆMO"#$&$S9"=A! ¯V=5(&9,21%!3,=19"=,A! WcZ@=I3=$)A<(&=-­#"$&3+H1"=,%'()ÆDS%!349a=3+¤+]CK%¨P=(&CK(&3 & MO!4%!9a¤A¨%!$b"=i!MCK%'-(&9de$&1WZ@#(&924$&(&=3%'N3+$&"=()#3`!Mz!(b9%!$ $)U9aK¬U"%'()35(&_1%!3,<Çf1=!$&(&3%'% ¬/"%'(&­´UW §/WR·¶M%!#1I#$)!@(&3dMO!F=K$b%!3+F$&(&DF(&1=s5/,()-/%!1I#$&!@(&3SM! ErE ¹ Í¥ªN« ()-"K´UW£V­3=¯DF30%I#$)!?!M=>!(&C4"C #"$&3*(&CK4,¬/"(&1®+7!G%!(&c=KCK%¨P=(&C4"C

3$)AU(b=->"!i9()9:BL!G%!(&=1­(& ()-"=8´UWYXUW[ R9%!LG F3+H%'R1"9:1LX!¦!X'C $&%!3+R(b+3,()fB_$)%!13R+*(bC_¯A!1i3=$&AU(&-0"!i9()9:B

%'@$)¯D !@C_<1=,%'+^CK%'-(&9?e$&135U1".+_0DmzÇ 3%!F:P<9()%'(&IMC 0V % FIHKJ | % FIH3+%'+_G (&-i1"#9:1sWB[?(&3?%!$&3+I%'#%'/.%'0$&%!3+0$&(&=DN(&1=j(&3.$b%'()A!$)Bj"(bC_ !%!.(&1=+aCK(&(&-0=N3$)AU(b=-0"!i9()9:B!5<%!3$)=-*%!3R=.$&%!3+R$b(&=DF(&1_(&3[3Ci%!$&$9:C_#%',1i+*= !XiÍ­ªN«*$&(b=DF(&1=H!M=^V EGFIH $)A!$QW`1^`f 4`dVkf#!shcVf'[ tfZ@^()-Le$&173$)AU(b=-4CK=U1IDS%!3@(&CK#$)C_/+1I:PU ,(bC_%!$b$)BK%'@=01I!M' ! ! <5z%!3F(&31=3,9:,()G 1I(&jJ@MO9: < V >= W[Z@=0:P< ,(&C_/%!$s3+"=¥%!173"#$)3d%'^1=39:a()G 1IGh$&\D^W»Q's»Q¼»Q¼ ) ¾+*-,¶À/Ä/.10`ÀZ416¿Z@8CK%'-()"#1=8%!1¥1()9:()j!M=*CK%'-(&9^e$b1j%'#$&(&1I+H=4()j9a%!=-!3?1"=,(b=->=9:"=a3+*!M43$)AU(b=-_:PU ,(bC_WN¢.",(&=-K4(&#()(&%!$3+%'+4 !#"$&%'(&7#%'a%'()­z%!3+=7CK%'-(&9Le$&1(&3*!,()«/%!$Q5%!$&()-=1%!$)=-c=I1(),9:()!MN!#%'-%'(&Æ!MF=jX!¦§>G %!C75%!1¤%!3>%®CK%'-()"#1=i!M.%'Gh"4X©4W¢?"=,(b=-j=I%!1="*##%!3+HLCK%'-(&9Le$&1(&3N%!$&()-=1­A!(&9%!$&$&Bj%!1¥#%!3N%HCK%'-()"18!M%'G "=* ! ©>W ZF=8(&CK8¬U"()1j+L3+DN()9,¥+=_(&-­CK%'-=(b9*e#$&1­DS%!3?%'G "=B'Ci3W8T<(&9:*=4·%',C_!?MO¬/"9:B­(&3.%'0%!$&$¶(bC_3N$b%'-!

Page 79: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

+~ §'X

100

101

102

103

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

B (G)

t opt (

µ s)

Ω393

=Γ31

Ω393

=Γ31

/4

100

101

102

103

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

B (G)

t opt (

µ s)

Ω393

=Γ31

Ω393

=Γ31

/4

()-"=,4´UW£V /.(bC*"CX!¦!X'C $&%!3+Fz"$&3+^(bC_8%!3?%KM²"9:()­!MCK%'-=(&98e$&1¥(&j-%!"3,3FMO!DRIA'%!$&"=3N!M=>JF%'G#(M,¬/"=#9:B7!M=>3=$)A<(&=-Kz"$&3+!WFZF(&927M²"$&$9"=A! ¯V=5s(&921%!3,=19"=A! W Z@=j3,=$)A<(&=-®#"$&3+71",%'()¤DS%!3i9,3+ +ÆCi%¨P<(&Ci(&3+ & MO!K%!9,A'%!$&"=N!MCK%'-=(&9Ne$&1sW`Z@(b92_$&(&=3R%'N3$&"=()3[!Ms!(&9%!$ $)U9ai¬U"%'()#35/#(&i1%!3,<Çf1=!$&(b=3@%' % ¬U"%'()¥´UWYÉUW@ZF=8$)MOÈÇf%!1­#$)!F(&3FM!.=H$b%!3+N$&(b=DF(&1=5Ua()-ÈÇf#%!17#$)!N(&3@MO! ErE ¹ Í¥ªF«

9:C_z%'1 + =­,%'+j!M?9,%!=-!­!M.j9:1()()#35=j !#"#$&%'()A!$)A!3i%!1#(&%'G#%'(&9%!$&$&B1",(&=-4=89a%!=-!^!M`e$&1W»Q's»Q¼»(' ½¾¿ÀUÁ¨¿ ()-"=,_´UW j3=\DN30=K1(),9:()3?%!1c $&%',(&3,%'()3.!MR_A¨%',(&"3?$&%!3+^G %!CK30"31](&®=:P< ,(&C_/5=$&%'()A!0+H=^$)¯Dp± # X©^³d%!#17()- ± ! ©^³@%'#$&(&1LCi%'-=(&90e$b13W

ZF=?X!¦§*G %!CK3MO!@¢.!#$)d9:U$&(&=-=5Z?#"=!3,9:9:01=+9:()7%!1I3+%'+0,#%',%'()LD,\A<(&1=1]GUB]=iMO¬U"=9:B/Çf1="=G#$&1]CK%!3+++Çf3$b%A!73+B<3++C1=3,9:,()G 1 (&ÆT<9:()UWYXUWYUW¥Z@=1(&9:()c!M=i$)¯DCK%'-=(&9>e#$&1cD%!3*3+0#%',%!$b$)$`+7=i1(&9:()c!M=iX!¦§> $&%!3^G/B3++(b=-F=[Gh%!C $&%',(&3,%'()?+N9()a9"$&%'¶%!1*%!1>]"3+(&=-dRCK%'-=(b9e$&18"(b$!-!/<1^!#(&9%!$#"#C_#(&=-4DS%!3@!G%!(&1sW

ZF=0!=N$b%!3+@G %!CK3dD0<1"9:17"#3(&=->=83BU3++Ci3@1=39:,(&Gh1I(&­d%'+NUW»Q's»Q¼»QP À/Ä\ÀZ0!Ä/.19U, $&"=!,39:9:dMOC¹=@()>%'[X!¦§¨CwDS%!39:$&$&9:+1K(&>%?1()9:()4 1(b9"$&%'¶+0z$&%!=!M!#%'-%'(&c!MR=_$&%!30Gh%!Ci3?G/B®%79:C_ "1c$)3.DF(b9,]3"=G#+1=1®%73+$&(&1c%!=-$)>!M <WY' !3+?%'@=8+,%'5#%!1jD%!3N(&CK%'-!17A<(&%_%_A<()$)de#$&+@+L%_#=!+C4"$)(&#$&()S9:=9:+1¥+%*-%'+1I#=!+L9:"/+WZ@=.=R9:"/S,%'+.MCE%83,(&=-$)F(&H(&3R%'"1IX' '2<ªF«%49:"/(&=-G#(b8!M É'CK3`=9:S-%A!@-!U<141#(&39:,(&Ci(&%'()0G DR_46+()?z"=!39(&-;F%!1c6+()_3$)A!1;3+%'+35z%!3F(b3d3=\DNj(& ()-"=8´UWY´UW»Q's»Q¼» SÀUÁD.OÅÆÀ5,hÄ\¾V4¿\À ÀZ, 0ÀZ_CK%'2!^%>3(&=-$).%!1<Ç "SCK%!3"=C_/5==?MO$&$)\DN(&=-*3¬/"=#9:.!MA!3@U99"=a3?±ODN=(&#1(&9%'+3K6È;³

Page 80: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

+~ §¯V

IP

854

397

866

393

397s

()-"=,R´UW ¢?()9:(&3¶%!18 $&%',(&3%'(&3 !M=$&%!3+¶G %!CK3(&0=R()-<Ç e$b1?%!1="=:P< ,(&C_/$b%'()A!H+c=I%'#$b()1CK%'-(&9ie#$&13 ±O"=4!M@=L#%'-!¯³*%!1 5DF= j,3+/3$&(b=%'>h$b%',(&3%'()Æ"=_!MN=7#%'-!!W [ Ì (b3*j()#"C_¤9:=9:+1 +]=IA¨%!9""#C 9%!sW± ,C < V D=O³

! "#$%'&()+*-,± /.0.12 ³ X!¦§ X!¦§> X!¦!X Ét¨V É!´!´ #¢.!z$)F9:U$&(&=- 'CK3

/?(&9%!$ #"CK#(&=- !CK3

¡ 1(&%'Gz%'(&9?!%'() X' !CK3 ,%!CK#(&=-

T==$)A<(&=- 3 ' !CK3

¢.+9:() É'CK3

¢.:Çf3$)AU(b=- 'CK3

ZF(&3^3+¬U"=9:L(&30 %'+1ÆfBU#(&9%!$&$&B ! ¥(&C_38+­!G%!(&Æ%jC_%!3"C_/8!Md=iCK%!3$)A!17 !#"$&%'(&sWZF=0%!1<Ç "=F"!i9()9:BI(&3d1=1"#9:1IG/B79:C_#%'a(&=->=^3=$&A!17 !#"$&%¨Ç()®DF­=>()®(&3N#%'1®(&(&(&%!$&$)BL(&­V % FIHKJ #&% FIH DF(&­%'.DF=®()?(&3N#%'1®(&­=V % FIHKJ | % FIH W»Q's»Q¼»bº 3LÀU¿ 4Ä\¿JF3"$)3>MO!_=73=$)A<(&=-®"!i9()#9:BÆ%!3K%cM²"9:()!MN=j3=$)A<(&=-¥#"$&3L1",%'() ErE %'3\DF(b (&-"=j´UW §/W ()-"=,­´UW §<±²%³_3=¯DF3_=jCK%!3"=1 XDC FIH h!z"$&%'()s5[DF=I%!9, (&/d33^ ! ! i:PU ,(bC_%!$s3¬/"=#9:3W !^%!9,]3$)AU(b=-i#"#$&3+8(bC_*4 $&%'a(&3%'()­!M=KX!¦§>¤!(&9%!$#"CK#(&=-KG %!C DS%!3

3+DN()9,=18G fD8=RfD.9(&,9"$&%'s $&%',(b3%'()35¨(&0!,1¶+N1+,CK(&=[=,%'+R!M=:P<9()%'(&MOC %!9,]-!,"1c3+%'+_+I=_3=$)MMO!0%L-()A!c#"$&38(&C_!W^ZF=4.,%!1="=?"!i9()9:B¥(&33\DF7(& ()-"=,?´UW §<±OGh³aWZ@=03+$&(b1H$&(b=.(bi(b3Re#-"=?D%!3@!G%!(&=1LGUBie+(&- % ¬/"#%'()7´UW §/5%!$&$&\DF(&-7=i(&(&(&%!$3+%'+i !#"#$&%'()]%!1 $b%!3+*(&/+3(&fB®+­A'%'B!WLZF=i1%!31 $&(&=_(& =e-"_(&3.=>"!i9()9:B®%'?DR"#$&1®Gh>!G%!(b=1c()M=K(&#()(&%!$¶3%'+K !#"$&%'()­#%'a%'()DS%!3F(&1%!$QW

ZF=ie3*+c=H1#%'%®(b1(&9%'+i% ¨Ç, - (&C_ MO9:()Æ(& =I(&(&(&%!$3+%'+I#%'a%'()sWZ@I$b(&CK()+13+%'+7z%',%'()"!i9()9:BDS%!3>!G#%'G#$&B1"=L+]=73+DF()9a(&=-®!MFj()-

Page 81: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

+~ §D

()-"=,?´UWY´ ª.(&3++!-!a%!C !M¶#=!+C4"$)(&#$&()[9:"#3S9:!a1=1I1"=,(&-8=0É'CK3d1=+9:()Iz%!3+!M? ! :PU ,(bC_%!$`3+¬U"=9:3W4Z@>9:"#30DN=c=_()](&3?3=$&A!1]%'K1"=>+j39%'++1$&(&-dMOCÊ=8X!¦§¨#C~1=+9:()­G %!C7WF± C < V >=O³

CK%'-(&9je$b1=9:33%',B¤(b (&3i%!1<Ç "=i3,9,=C_ %'H9:#3+%!I$)¯DCK%'-=(b9je$&1-!/<1!(b9%!$S#"C_#(b=-­DS%!3_!G#3+,A!1 DF()=­X!¦§>G %!C75R(QW£!W%c,1"9:()¤GUBÆ%'#P=(&CK%'+$)B%M²%!9:+!j!Md' (& = ?#"=!,39:9:]G fD$&(&=%'a$)B $&%',(&3+1X!¦§> $&()-/I%!1°9(),9"$&%'a$)B $&%',(b3+1i$&(&-W[ÈH9:/+,%!3+5<DF=H=?()-ie$&1HD%!3S3+DF(&9,=1L%' !ªF«0%!3S(&KN%!1=Ç "=:P< ,(&C_/3s=!#(&9%!$#"#C_#(&=-DS%!3C4"9,*$)33s"!H9()5!(QW£!W%d1"#9:()^(&0b?#"=!3,9:9:GUB®%IM²%!9:+!^!M V7$)B!W>ËNj(&C_¯A!C_/0!M[=_!(b9%!$`#"C_#(b=-i"!i9(&9:B¥DS%!30!G%!(b=1GUBA'%'B<(&=-­I1#()9:()!M@=7$)¯DÊCK%'-=(&9Ie$b1DF(&3h9:>+c=I!(&9%!$#"#C_#(&=-G %!C 1"=,(&-j3+¬/"9:34!Md%!1<Ç "=4:PU ,(bC_35`(bC_#$)B<(&=-I%'4=i#!G#$)CD%!3>1"=H+?#"#9:"%'(&=-Æ+,%!3()/ie#$&13i%!3,3+U9(b%'+1°DF() Ci%'-=(&3%'() !M^=®A'%!9""C9,%!C*G ?=?#"!39:9:^!Gz3+A!1j(&#1(&9%'+3d%'F=3+^D^%'F^$)A!$s!M \©4WZF=?+,%!3()/dCK%'-=(&9?e#$&13S9%!"3+1IGUBL3DF()9,#(&=-4=0()-Le$&1LD"$&1LG ?1+,(&C_/%!$+L=*Ci%!()#"$b%'()I!M¬/"G#()F3+%'+3?%!3N=>¬/"=Gz()dDR"#$&1­%!¬U"()*%!¥"2U=¯DF7##%!3+!WFªN9:%¤%!1=Ç "=jC_=<1°%'j1=U37=!I¬U"()®= CK%'-=(b9ce$&1 +G ®3+DN()9,=1°D"$&1G ,M,%'Gz$) 3(&9:]%9:#3+%!®$)\D CK%'-=(&9]e#$&1°DR"#$&1G c%!3()­+ 3+%'G#(&$&(b3+c+A!/##%!3+i3(&M3^1#"=,(&=-L-%'+L!ha%'()3W ¡ 8=i3,%!C_i(&CK!5%­CK=U1 %'*1=U3^=!*¬U"()(&-$)B73+%'G#(&$b(&3+1­$b%!3+,3.(&3N%!$b3+71=3(),%'Gz$)^MOC%!®:P< ,(&C_/%!$¶ (&/F!MRAU(&D^W?Í­=<13.+%!99:C_z$&(&3¤(b3_%'j1(&39"#33+1¤(& S%'#+,3i§®%!1 ÉUWZ@!(&9%!$d(&/A!3+()-%'()#3_!MN! 33(&G#$).%!1<Ç "=F3,9,=C_3N%'81(b39"33+1I=:P<W

Page 82: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

+~ §'´

()-"=,_´UW § JF%!1<Ç "=0"!i9(&9:B®%!38%HM²"9:(&c!M[=K1",%'() ErE !MR=KX!¦!X'C3=$)A<(&=-#"#$&3+!5<M!Fe=PU1­CK%'-=(&90e#$&1 ¦!É©4W± C < V >=O³

^l two_ ,xzv[ÈH%'G#3+#9:H!M@1=9%\B,U9:3335%¥$&%!3*1=,(&AU(&-7=i+,%!#3()()GhDR=LV % FIH %!1XDC FIHL$)A!$&3*DF(&$&$[9%!"3+iH !#"$b%'()]+cJF%'G#(l?!ÆG DR=HfDc$&A!$&3W3[ MS=L$b%!3+(&/+3(&fBH%!#1jJF%'G#(hMO¬U"=9:BI%'^%!1>]"3++173+_%'d0#"$&3+?%'%­±O0(&C_^(&/+-!,%!$ !M=JN%'G#(`M,¬/"=#9:B=³.(&30%! U11]C4"$)(&#$)8!MN¤=]_h!z"$&%'()c(&30(&/A!+1sW_Z@#%'^(&35()MR= !#"$b%'()c(&3?(&()(&%!$b$)B7%!$&$(&c%73"=G#$&A!$!M=_V % FIH Ci%!()MO$&1¥% NhÇ z"$&3+>DF(&$b$9%!"3K%!$&$= !#"$b%'()L+KG ^(&7%K3"=Gz$)A!$ !M*XDC FIH CK%!(&M$&1 < V´= W

¡ 33()G#$&*$)¯D CK%'-=(&94e$&1c3$)AU(b=-HC_U1c(&3.+7:P=9()+>c=i§'!¦'C ¬U"%!1=,"= $)+,%!#3()() M,C V % FIHKJ #&% FIH +XDC FIHKJ # EGFIH 1#()9:$)B!W Z@= $&(b=DF(&1= !Mi(&3¥+,%!3,()() (&3 <W&X!´'ªN«!5DF(b9,CK%!38%­A!B %'¯DE$b(&=DF(&1s5()- (b+3,()fB]$&%!3+4(&3^,¬/"(&1]+¥1,()A!()WZ@(&3d%'#%!9,¥%!3dG j(&CK#$)C_/+1I:PU ,(bC_%!$b$)BiGUBI= [È3+Ga"92L()I+,%'­-!,"="3,(&=-j%j3+%'Gz(&$&(&3+1]ZF( T<%'##()>$&%!3+ < § = WIZ@=K:P< 3+K%!1Æ9:C_#$):P=()B®!MS=H$&%!3+*1=1+71=,(&A!8=K§'!¦'C ¬U"%!1=,"= $)8+,%!3()(&­1(),9:$)Bj%'>=>CK%!(&®1(&3%!1=A'%!/%'-!3N!M"3(&-i%NhÇ #"#$&3+?­%_3(b=-$)?#=!+­+,%!3()(&H+L3=$)A!00h!z"$&%'()sW

¡ j%!$)+a%'()A!^+K MO!,CK(b=-4%XNhÇ #"$&3+?+K83=$)M"3(&->%_3,(&=-$)?#=!+­+,%!3(&()I(&3+c"3+i%­fD'Ç #=!++,%!3,()()sW7Z@(b30%'%!9aÆ=1#3*$&%!3,38%'>X!¦!X'C %!1ÆÉt¨VCjWjZ@=$&%!3,3S%'.1"=1HMCE3%!9:.DF()H=NV EGFIH $)A!$hG/BH%'Gh"N\©?ªN«0+4%\A!(&1739%'++,(b=-#!+3@1"=a(&=-4=83=$&AU(&-*#"#$&3+!WZ@=?DR'Ç #!+¥JN%'G#(sMO¬/"9:BL(b3S-()A!7GUB

nm E % E u X o ErE ± HE o p ! ³

:V!V £VXt o ErE o"p ! Í­3 #&%±Q´UWY¦³

DF­=]Ét¨VC $&%!3+L $&%',(&3,%'()(&3H9,=3++¤G A| (b!,1=L+¤%A!c=¥!(&C4"CS$&G#39,=Ç ©.!,1%!¤9:U"!i9()/_¤=jÉt¨VC +,%!3,()()ÆM!KCK%¨P=(&C4"C fD'Ç #=!+ a%'+j%!1=*1="(&->(b3dC_%!3"=1­(&7%!=-"$&%'@"#()3W ()-">´UWYÉL3\DF3.=>1#(&9:+1­ !#"#$&%'()­3,=$)A!1®%!30%iM²"9:()¥!M(&CK*MO!0%HB/z(&9%!$

3+!Mz:PU ,(bC_%!$b$)B^%!99:33()Gz$)S#%',%!C_+,3W [ 9%!>G 3+K%'`DF=4=d$&%!3+$&(b=DF(&1=8(&3«4=Nh!z"$&%'()_:P=()Gz()31%!C_ 1HJF%'G#(#39(&$&$&%'(&35DF(&K=.1%!C_#(&-89%!"3+1HG/BK3,(&=-$)#!+j39%'++,(&-i7=4X!¦!X'C~%!1¥Ét¨VC +,%!#3()()3W !N$&%',-!@+!%!$$b%!3+F$&(&DF(&1=35

Page 83: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

+~ §!§5/=N1%!C_#(&-0(&C_@G 9:C_33=!+\5 1%!C_ W[Z@(b3C_%!3R%'[=N$&%!3+R(b+3,()()3C4"3+G d(&9:%!31>MO"=,=`+^\A!,9:CKF(&31#%!C_#(&=-.+,C75!=@$&%!3+[1"(&=-?1=9:%!31sW¢.9:%!3(b=-i=*$&%!3+F1="#(&=-_=¯DRA!?(&9:%!33d=^#!+­39%'++,(b=-K,%'+!5h3+i(&9:,%!3(&=-=*$&%!3+F(&/+3(&()3+H(&9:,%!3+0=0fD'Ç #=!+¥,%'+8(b3@=9:33%',B!W

ZF=7$&%!3+_(&/+3()()3*¬U"()1Æ+]\A!a9:C_­$&%!3+_$&(b=DF(&1= Gh9:CK3K%c$&(&CK()(b=-7MO%!9:+!%'>(&38=H!MdLCK%!(b1(&3,%!1=A¨%!/%'-!34!Md(&3*C_=<1sW­Z@=L·!/+«(&%!$&(&=3,%' _!Md=3%!9:j%!3> U!>3$)9:()A<()fB3,(&9:I=IDF(&=-34!MN=7·!/+«(&%!¤:P<+1¤+ (&=e##()fB!W Z,A!F3,=$)A<(&=->M,CÊ=^"/D%!/+1j-!,"173+%'+4()@(&3S¬U"()1I#%'

nm $&%!3 ErE p ! H ±Q´UW& ³

DF W¡ =!=1(&3%!1A¨%!/%'-!F(&3`%'R()-_DR'Ç #!+K,%'+3R¬U"()d(&9:,%!3(&=-$)B89(&3+d(bCK(&=-

+K#3"=0%'F=0#"$&3?%',%KCK%!(b3 N`W

0 0.2 0.40

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

She

lved

pop

ulat

ion

time (µ s)

γ=0MHz

S1/2,−1/2

S1/2,+1/2

0 0.2 0.40

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

She

lved

pop

ulat

ion

time (µ s)

γ=1MHz

S1/2,−1/2

S1/2,+1/2

0 0.2 0.40

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

She

lved

pop

ulat

ion

time (µ s)

γ=10MHz

S1/2,−1/2

S1/2,+1/2

()-"=,i´UWYÉ Ì[$&!0!MdXDC FIH h!z"$&%'()®A<3^(&C__MO!^=,KA¨%!$b"=3?!MS+!%!$[$&%!3+*$&(&=DF(b1= Wo '5o E 5 u\©?ªF«!5$ ©>WX!¦!X'Cu$b%!3+_ $&%',(&3%'(&(b3 #`5dÉt¨VCu$b%!3+ $&%',(b3%'()I(&3 | W

^l 0 , o v two@o@ K,o>o | odxhxzo Nv =t TU(bC*"$b%'+1JF%!Ci%! ¡ 1(&%'G#%'(&9iÌ%!3,3%'-! ± T<Z [ÈJ ¡ ̳?CK%'2!3>"3K!M@%­9:=,>1%'2]3+%'+L++,%!#3+MS=? !#"$b%'()K"!i9(&$)BiMCE=?$)A!$h+_%!=!=@$)A!$h=,"=-I%!L(b+,CK1(&%'+$)A!$`#%'^9%!]1=9%Bc"=3(b1=*!MR=K3+B<3++C7W_T<Z [ÈJ ¡ Ì9%!cGh_C_<1=$&$&1­GUB­=>=,K$)A!$[Çf3+B<3++C 1(&3,9"33+1®(& TU9:()cV=WYXUWYXUW[Èc=_9:+:P<^!M=>$)9:+ 3$)AU(b=-i,U9:335s=

Page 84: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

+~ §'ÉDRcC_%!3+%'G#$&H$)A!$&3*%'LghCi%!Æ3"G#3+%'+3^!MSV % FIH %!1XDC FIH 5DF(b$)>=i:P=9()+13%'+(&3N%LghCi%!­3"=Gz$)A!$s!MV EGFIH!W !N*3%'2!*!M9:9:+=33.=*$)A!$&3@DN(&$&$ G ^%'2!®+iG ?V % FIHKJ | % FIH 5 0XDC FIHKJ | % FIH %!#1 X.V EGFIHKJ | EGFIH (&®=_MO$&$)\DN(&=-I1(&39"3,3()sW^Z@>$b%!3+$&(b=2U(b=-*$)A!$b3 %!1 X(&3d9%!$&$)1L=0z"C_I!NTU+!2!3F$b%!3+5=%A<(&=-_JN%'G#(hM¬U"=9:B ±³aWZ@^$&%!3+@$&(&2U(&-*$)A!$&3 S%!1 XS(&3d9%!$b$)1I=^,!Gh0$&%!35=%A<(&=-KJN%'G#( M,¬/"=#9:B ±³aW[ SD%!3d3,=\DFH%'SDF=H=?fDK$&%!3+a3R%'0(&LJF%!Ci%!H,3+%!9:?G,(&-S%!1L1%'2i3+%'+3

%'IMO!,C_1s5`DF(&=I1%'2Æ3+%'+IGh(b=-­1=9:"=z$)1MOC =I3+ %!"3>1=9%BÆ!ha%'+!WZ@­G,(&-i%!#1 1%'23%'+3L%',¥-()A! GUB % ¬U"%'()V=WY§/5N %'+1 G $)¯D~DF(&=®=D+,Ci(&=$)!-!BLM!F=8$&%!3+NJF%'G#( MO¬U"=9()3 9:3 "]3(& 3,(& 'd±Q3(b 9:3 ³ 9:3 ' X " 9:3 'd±Q3(b 9:3 ³"3(& ' X ±Q´UW&!\³

DFi(b38±O(&C_SA¨%',BU(&-/³¶Ci( P<(b=-.%!-$)d1=e#=14GUB8%! ±+³r ±+³%!1?(&31e#=1GUB]%! DF (b3^=L1="(&-7!Md=H$&%!3,3^MOC ,3+%!9:HDF()]=H:P<9(&+13+%'+4%!1 H H WZF=7G#%!3(&97(b1=%]!M.=®T<Z [ÈJ ¡ Ì #U9:3,3K(&3>+A'%'B=­$&%!3i(&/+3()()3_%!1#(&%'G#%'(&9%!$&$&B3+%'I=cCK( P=(&=-%!-$)®9a%!=-!3IMOC + H 5@DF(b$)­%'7%!$&$@(bC_3L=®1#%'23+%'+!5 5Ci%!(&3_ 1(b9"$&%'4+=j:P=9()+1 3+%'+!WZ@(&3K(b3K%!99:C_#$&(b3=1 GUBCK%!3K!M0=¥3+'Ç9%!$&$&16+9:"+Çf(&"#()()A!;I#"$b3+43¬/"=#9:!5¶(&cDF(b9,®=HTU+!2!3^$b%!3+^(&30%'#$b()1­+­=_()ea3+5`M$&$&\D1ÆGUB]=L!G H$b%!3+W¥ZF=H(&/+3(&fB]!M@=jTU+!2!3_$&%!341=9:,%!3+3>DF(&$&_=(&/+3(&fB!M.­!G 7$&%!3+L(&9:%!335RU"3i!%'(&=- ­CK( P=(&=-]%!=-$)­MC + H W [ÈCK%!/B %'#$&(b9%'()3>(&/A!$)AU(b=-T<Z [ÈJ ¡ Ì DF() %'+Ci(&97G %!CK3_!iCK$)9"$)3_j$&%!3+K#"#$&3+3%'0!G#%!(&=1LG/BL"3(&-*#"#$&3+1L%!='Ç+_MC*+'Çf3+9:1¥$&%!3+,3d(bi!,1d+K%A!^3"+!i9()/S$b%!3+(&/+3(&fB!W [È](&309%!3i=_#"#$&3+30%'K-%!"#33(&%!cDS%A!#%!9,2!3K3+#%'a%'+1 GUB®%'G "=0=i(&C_ °ª.Í !M0=­#"#$&3+3W [È 3(bC*"$b%'()3_ MO!,C_1 1"=,(&-]=¥9:"=a3+­!M^#(&3K,>]È9:H=T<Z[ J ¡ Ì<9:33.%!3.G ¥C_<1=$&$&1­%!3.=>$&%!3+0JF%'G#(MO¬/"9()3.9,%!=-(b=-H$&(b=%',$)BIMOC=(&8CK%¨P=(&C*"#C¨CK(&(bC*"CA'%!$&"=>+j=()*CK(&(&C4"C¨Ci%¨P<(&C4"CA¨%!$b"=_\A!*=K#"$b3+>(&C_!WZ@®:P=%!9:jMO!,C !M4=]#"$&3®3#%'h3I(&37!7!M*9:,()(b9%!$0(&C_ !%!9:c%!3j$)=- %!37](&C_1= 19:^(&3d3$)¯D ="=-jM!F%!1#(&%'G#%'(&9()BH+iGh^Ci%!(&%!(b=1 < V/§ = W

ZF=d9:1()()>MO!%!1(&%'Gz%'(&9M$&$&\DF(&-.(&3`-(&A!_G/B*-!=,%!$9:#3(&1=,%'(&3%'=1_+0G (&/A!!2!1 DN==A!8KªN%!CK(b$)+(&%!](&3^(&C_K1= 1=/ < V/§ = WHZF=_=-!B]3+#$b()+(&=-LG fD=]1%',2 3+%'+ %!1 =cG,()-/I3+%'+37C*"#3+IGh®C*"#9,$&%'-!I%!=c,%'+c!M49,%!=-!c!M=K3%'+KA!9:+!,3*M!^%!1(b%'G#%'(&9()B¥+7G KCK%!(&/%!(&=1W:°()="=0$)3,30!MR-!,%!$&()B!5$)B¥=9:"=z$&(&=-IG fD ^%!1 NDF(b$&$GhK9:#3(&1=1]!WiËN%!1(&%'G#%'(b9_9:"=#$&(&-I(b3^3CK%!$&$`()M=*CK%'+,( PL$)C_/F(&3@3Ci%!$&$s9:C_#%'1j+K=^e$b17(&1"9:1I3+z$&()+(&=-4!M`=^3+%'+35h(QW£!W

| " # ±Q´UW&³DF L %'^0=-()3F!M=8fDi1=331j3+%'+35z-()A!7GUB

# | %H H H "

'±Q´UW&X³

ZF=^9:1()(&IM!F%!1#(&%'G#%'(&9()BL9%!­G 0D@,()++7%!3 < V/§D= " H H

| " # ±Q´UW&:V/³

Page 85: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

+~ §'¦

!F#"$b3+17$&%!3+,3@DF()Ie#(&+?$b%!3+F$&(&DF(&1=H=^9:1(&()IM!.%!1(&%'G#%'(b9()fBI(&3S-()A!7GUB

s H ±Q´UW&³

DF (&3=dz"$&3+(&C_!5 (b3`=@$&%!3+[$b(&=DF(&18%!1 w (&3`=d+a%!3+MO!,C$&(bCK()+1I$&%!3+@Gz%!1=DF(&1HMO!@=0z"$&3+?(&C_!W·%!3+@##%!3+B?#"9:"%'()#3d1=9:%!3+0=0"!H9()9:BL!M¶=*T<Z[ J ¡ ̤,U9:33d3,(&9:?=^1%'2

3+%'+*(&3S=_$)=-!d%!I()-!3+%'+8!M¶=0ª.%!CK(&$)+(b%!HDN=I%4$b%!3+d#%!3+?#"9:"#%'()IU99",3W¢?"=,(b=-^=.(&C_N%'2!HMO!=.1#%'2K3+%'+.+4G @,3+%'G#$&(&3,=1s5/3C_F!MN !#"$b%'()K$)%'2<3"=F!M=*3+BU3+CÊAU(b%>=^:P=9()+1­3+%'+` f ÆR+kYe<s ¯!+akh¶ Ê&f\!+kc`h¶T<(b9:F=^T<Z [ÈJ ¡ ̤ªN%!Ci(&$)+(&%!H(&3R(&C_N1h#1=()S(&3R!R 33(&G#$)d+_"3+N=.CK=U1#3[!M3+$b"=()®!M[=KCi%!3++0¬/"#%'()]1(&39"#33+1c(&]TU9:()cV=W&'W&'W[ #3++%!1s5=_CK%!3+^¬/"#%'()C4"3+dG ^(&/+-!,%'+1­U"C_a(&9%!$&$)B!W

ZF=He#,3+*3+¤(bÆU"C_,(b9%!$&$)B](&/+-!,%'(&=-®=ICK%!3++_¬U"%'()¤(&3*+c3#%',%'+I"=4=(&CK^1= 1=/d+,CK3dMOCÊ=0(bC_8(&1h#1=+,CK3F(&I=^A!$&"()jCK%'+,()Ph5=(QW£!W ± ±³ ±³ ! ³ # ± ! ³ ±+³ ±³ # % ±+³]±Q´UW&´³DF # (&34=H(bC_7(&1= 1=/8CK%'+a( PÆ1= 1=/8 <Çf$&%!3+>(&/+3()B #%',%!C_+a3%!1 J %',^(&C_^(&#1= 1=/CK%'+a(&9:3WZF=*U"C_,(b9%!$¶(&/+-!,%'()®!M=>CK%!3++?¬U"%'()®(&3F MO!,C_1¥"3(&-K%!®(bC_#$&(&9(&e#,3+!,1C_U1sW·¶ G @F(&C_.3++I%!14G N=N1=#3()fB_CK%'+a( P_A!9:+! ±³aWZ@=CK%!3+F¬U"%'()7MO!@=^A!$b"=()7!M=81=#3()fBICK%'+,()Ph5

w± # % ±+³+³ ±+³ ±Q´UW&\§!³G 9:C_3N%'M+.1(&39:(b3%'() ± ³" ±³ w± # % ±+³+³ ±+³ ±Q´UW&ɳ

ZF=F:P<#$&(&9(&e,3+[!,1=S1(&39:(b3%'()K!Ms.CK%!3+R¬U"%'()L(&3R=N3+%!#1%',1Ke#,3+[!a1=% "$)@C_=<1s5(QW£!W t| %" ± # % ±³+³ t| % ±;o s± # % ±³+³+³ ±Q´UW&¦³

DFdo­(&3.=4(b1=(&fB­CK%'+a( PhW^ZF(&3.C_=<1¥G 9:C_30"#3+%'G#$)4()M+Uj$&%'-!>%L3+ 3()«>(&3"31s5=DF(&9a7CK%'2!3F"#3+0!M`=^:P<#$&(&9()SC_=<1j(&CK,%!9:(&9%!$QW

ZF=N(&CK#$&(&9()e#,3+[!a1=1#(&39:(&3,%'()i(&3"9:#1()()%!$b$)B*3+%'Gz$)!5U34%4$&%'-!?3++73()«.9%!G S"3+14DF()="¶=d3+$&"()*1#()A!-(&=-.+0(&=e##()fB!W .3+S!Mz%?$&%',-!S3+>3,()«d1=/3`1=9:,%!3+S=%!99"=a%!9:B®!M=K3+$b"=()s5 =K(&CK9(&3(&­A'%',()30$&(b=%',$)B7DF(&¥K3++3()«!W>Z@=_(&CK#$&(&9()MO!,CÊ!M`=^3+$b"=()7(&3 D| % " ± # % ±³+³t| % ±;o " s± # " % ±+³+³+³ D| % ±Q´UWY' ³

Page 86: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

+~ É'

−25 −20 −15 −10 −5 0 5 10 15 20 250

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

δ393

(MHz)

She

lved

pop

ulat

ion

I393

=10 I854

=4000 ∆=1000MHz γlas

=0kHz tp=1µ s

S1/2,−1/2

S1/2,+1/2

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

time (µ s)

She

lved

pop

ulat

ion

I393

=10 I854

=4000 ∆=994.4024MHz γlas

=0kHz

S1/2,−1/2

S1/2,+1/2

()-"=,¥´UWY¦ ·MO%!1e#-"= T<=$)A!1 !#"#$&%'()¤A<3LX!¦!X'C$&%!3+L1="(b=-=WJN()-/%!1e-" Z@(&C_@A!$b"=()H!M¶3=$)A!1H !#"$&%'(&_M!dX!¦!X'C $&%!3+L3+%!#9:NDF(&K+,%!3,()()MOCÊV % FIHKJ | % FIH W

TU$&AU(&-%'Gh¯A![¬U"%'()0MO! D| %¶(&/A!$)A!39%!$b9"$&%'(&=-dA!9:+!S±;o " s± # " % ±³+³+³x#&% W !,"%'+$)B8¬U"(&9,2^/"#C_,(&9%!$CK=U1#3¶:P=(&3+M! M!aCK(&=-d(b3¶9%!$&9"$b%'()8DN=^=CK%'+,( Pi=F$)MO%!1K3,(&1=S!M =@¬U"%'()i(b33+#%',3!5/%!3[(b3=F9%!3+N=!W~[È " *- (&3<9:1"=(&3F%A'%!(&$&%'G#$)?=,"=-j"3+0!M`=j6ÈGz%!92<3$&%!3;K!ha%'+!5#(QW£!W t| % ±;o " s± # " % ±+³+³+³ ±Q´UWY<\³[ÈC_,\A!18%!99",%!9:B^DF()0"#9:1()(&%!$!3+%'G#(&$b()fB?9%!^G !G%!(b=10GUB?"#3(&=-@%@9:C*G#(&#%'()

!M[:P<#$&(&9()%!18(&CK#$&(&9()CK=U1#32<=\DF4%!3=[+a%'h«(b"C ,"#$)!WZ@M!aC !M#(&3¶3+$b"=()(&3 D| % " %H ±³ %H ±+³ D| % ±;o " %H ±³+³ t| % ±;o %H ±³+³ ±Q´UWY!³

Z@#(&3d(&/+-!,%'()jC_U1j9:/A!-!3.%!3 H 5(QW£!WR()@(&3d%K3+9:#17!,1=FCK=U1W` _^ h h®#Mi ¶Z@IT<Z [ÈJ ¡ Ì <9:3389%!ÆG H"3+1Æ%!3*%¥%!1="*C_=<1(&Mi3+#%!9:HMO!4h!z"$&%'()+,%!#3+M­MC V % FIHKJ #&% FIH 3+%'+Æ+ =3=$&M*1=U37=!j¯A!,$&%' 3(&-()e#9%!/$)BDF(&°=3%!9:®M!I !#"$&%'(& +,%!3+MOLMC =®V % FIHKJ | % FIH®3+%'+c+Æ=c3=$&MW ZF=cghCi%!3+z$&()+(&=-4G fD7=0V % FIHKJ | % FIH +LXDC FIHKJ | % FIH %!1IV % FIHKJ #&% FIH +HXDC FIHKJ #&% FIH (&3 ! LWZ@=DF(b1=i!M¶=8T<Z [ÈJ ¡ ÌÆ,3+%!9:?(&3-()A!LG/Bi=0$&()-/R3(&M1"=.+4NDR'Ç #!+7nmh9:(&A!JN%'G#(sMO¬/"9:B!5(QW£!W

H ±Q´UWY!X³

DF (&3d=^$&(&-@3#()Md%!1 (&3S=8$b%!3+F1="#(&=-=W ()-"?´UWY¦>3,=\DF3=.=!(b9%!$s3=$)A!1L !#"$&%'(&KMOC.DRHg CK%!I3"=G#3+%'+3!M

=?-!"#1I3+%'+8%!3d%>M²"9:()H!M.MO¬U"=9:BK!M=^X!¦!X'CÊ$&%!3WZ@=?,()-/%!1L3(&1N!M=8e-"=^3\DF3d0(&C_0A!$&"=(&7!M`=^3=$)A!1jh!z"$&%'()LMOCÊ=0DRH-!"173+%'+3DF7=^$&%!3+a3@%'^7,3+%!9:^DN()I=0+,%!3,()()IMOCÊ=^V % FIHKJ | % FIH 3+%'+!W

Page 87: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

+~ É<

10−2

100

102

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

tp (µ s)

She

lvin

g E

ffici

ency

γlas

=0MHz

10−2

100

102

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

tp (µ s)

She

lvin

g E

ffici

ency

γlas

=0.1MHz

10−2

100

102

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

tp (µ s)

She

lvin

g E

ffici

ency

γlas

=1MHz

10−2

100

102

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

tp (µ s)

She

lvin

g E

ffici

ency

γlas

=10MHz

()-"=,i´UW& ÌR$)!30!Md3=$)A<(&=-L"!i9()#9:B®A<30(&CK_M!*A¨%'B<(&=-7$&%!38$&(&=DN(&1=3Wo ErE <5o"p ! V ! ! <5 ¹\©0ªF«

[ _9%!¤G L3+%'_7T<Z[ J ¡ Ìw$&(b=3%' i%!34-!UU1 3$)9:()A<()fB MO!K3+%'+71= 1=/3$)AU(b=-]M,Cu-()A! %3"=Gz$)A!$Q5S1"=j+Æ=­M²%!3+H19%B !M0=¥3+%!9:®%DS%BMOC $&(&=9:/+!W [È 9:CK#%',(&3+5­DF(&-3K!M0=®$)!/+«(&%! $&(b=3%' j1=9%\B C*"#9,C_!¥3,$)\DF$&B%\D%\B]MC ,3+%!9:!5¬/"#(),(&=-L%7$&%'-!^3+z$&()+(&=-HG fD =K3+%'+3*()M-!UU1 "!i9()9:B®(&3+KG 0!G%!(b=1sW[È>!,1=+8A!/#=!+K39%'++a(&=-0MOC¹=@3(&-$)Rz=!+_+,%!3,()()4M,C¹V % FIHKJ #&% FIH1",(&=->=4T=Z [ J ¡ Ì #"$&3!5==^#"$b3+0(&C_83,="$&1IG ^3=!,F9:C_#%'1­+i=*3(&=-$)0z=!+

39%'++a(&=-7,%'+!W_ªN\DA!5_#"$&3+4(&C__3"$&1®G >$&=-I="=-c%'0=K1#%'2¥3+%'+H9%!A!$)A!4%!1(&%'G#%'(b9%!$&$)B!W

ZF=RCK%!(b^1=,%\D@G#%!928+N"3(b=-@=dT<Z [ÈJ ¡ Ìj<9:33%!3%F%!1="=C_=<18(&3¶=R33()()A<()B!M=K1%'2®3+%'+K+j$&%!30#%!3+?#"#9:"%'()3W4Z@=>G#%!3(b949:#9:8(&3?%'^(&M=_fD­$&%!3,3:P< ,()9:i%¥$&%'(&A!i#%!3i3()MO^!MN1#"=,(&=-7H9:"=,3i!Md=7T<Z [ÈJ ¡ Ì #"#$&3+!5¶H1%'23+%'+*(&3d=K$)=-!N%!7()-!3+%'+8!M=^ª.%!CK(&$&+(&%!I%!1j=#9:0h!z"$&%'()L$)%'2<3d"=d!M=3+B<3++C7WRZ@(&3SG %\AU()"@(&3d3=¯DFj(& ()-"=,8´UW& <W

Page 88: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

~

l,m q$. twvxhyN>o@>|v v >y¢?()9:?3=$&AU(&-_+i=>XDC FIH $)A!$¶G/Bj9:B<9$&(&-K­8+,%!3,()()­%'?X!¦!X'C 3"5m ,3@MOC~=1(b3%!1=A'%!%'-!_!M /!0MO¬U"=9:B¥3$)9:()A<()fBc%'^$)\Dp%'#$&()1®CK%'-=(b9>e$&1sW4Z@(&3.3"#$)30(&=8h!z"$&%'()LG (&=-_3=$&A!1IMC Gh!j-!"173+%'+3.%!1j9:0 /!@,%!1="=d"!i9()#9:B!W

Z%A!(b1(&3I,!G#$)C% %'¯D +,%!3()(& + 3=$)M8$&A!$09%!G c"#3+1s5N3 %'=cMO¬U"=9:B 3#%',%'()G fD=c+,%!3,()()3LMOC=cfD -!"1°3+%'+3j(b3LC4"9a$&%',-!N%!¥=4DF(&1=j!M=8+a%!3()()W@Z@(&3N(&3F%!99:C_z$&(&3=1­G/Bj9:,%'(&=-I%H1=,33+1­3%'+$)<9%'+1­%'N%_1="(&->Ci%!BL:P<9(&+1­3+%'+8#%'"=,%!$$&(b=DF(&1=#3[%DS%B­MC 83(&=-$&.z=!+3%!9:I"3(&=-j%!(&/+3+i$b%!3+*Æ=IÉt' !C+a%!3()()W °=Æ=LX!¦!X'#C $&%!34(&38JN%!CK%!L3+%!9:?DF(&i=0Ét' !CÊ$&%!3R=?#"=!,39:9:?!e#$&F:P=()G#()3R%*1#%'2K3+#%!9:!5(QW£!W[:P<9()%'(&7M,C =^V % FIH $)A!$s(b3d9%!9:$&$)1j1#"=?+i(&/+M,9:0G fD7=^DRKz%'3+*=NXDC EGFIH $)A!$ W °=_NX!¦!X'C$b%!3+R(&3`i3+%!#9:@DF()_F1=331_3+%'+!5<!G,()-/3%!9:!5U=@ !#"$&%'(&_(&3[%^9:3"= 3()(&*!M =NV % FIH 5V EGFIH %!#1HXDC EGFIH $&A!$&3W¡ !()I!M=^ !#"$b%'()I(&I=0V EGFIH $)A!$sj1=9%B<3@+i=83=$&MW

ZF=d3=$)A<(&=-.<9:339%!_G SC_U1$&$)1>%!39:3(b3+(&=-.!Mh%.DR'Ç #!+K+,%!3,()()4M,C¹=V % FIHKJ #&% FIHH$)A!$R="=-=iV EGFIHKJ # EGFIHH$&A!$+®=LXDCEGFIHKJ #&% FIHL$)A!$[%!#1%­3,(&=-$)Kz=!+:P=9()%'()¤MOC =7XDC EGFIHKJ #&% FIH $)A!$+®HV EGFIHKJ # EGFIH $)A!$QW]Z@=I$&%!3+> $&%',(b3%'()3*%'9a=3+®3+K%'@83+ %!"3F1=9%\B7M,C =^V EGFIHKJ # EGFIH $&A!$s"=,#3d=^ !#"$b%'()I+=8V % FIHKJ #&% FIH^$)A!$QWJF%!1="=*"!i9()9:B](&30,1"9:1 GUB]3=$)A<(&=-IMOC KV % FIHKJ | % FIH $)A!$ W % P<9()%'(& MOC(b3.$&A!$(&3?1"=4+7=>DmzÇ 3%!0DR'Ç z=!+ +,%!#3()()®%!1c=>M²%'.DmhÇ 3+#%!83,(&=-$)#!+I+,%!3()(&L%'.X!¦!X'C7WZ@=03(b=-$)?#=!+739%'++a(&=-_,%'+3dMOC =?A'%',()"3d$&A!$&3d(&

É!

Page 89: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

l É!X=*3+BU3+C %'^-()A!jG/B

H

V H E %

X HV H H o

HV H

ErH X H

V H H o

± §/W&\³

DF H J (b3`=@3¬U"%'d!M =NS$)Gz39,<Ç ©?!,1%!K9:U"!i9()/!Mh=FX!¦!X'C±:6ÈGz$&"=;³!RÉt' !#C

±:6È1#;³83,(&=-$)Kz=!++a%!3()()3+ 9:()A!$)B!5 (&3H 'DN(&C_3*=H+!%!$S1=9%\B,%'+LMOC=8V EGFIH $&A!$[±²3+ % ¬/"%'(&­´UWY³S%!1 (&3@=^1="(b=->!M=*9:!3+ 1(b=-4$b%!3+@MOC3%!9:^DF(&I=H±²=<Ç g CK%!j3(&M+1z³%'+Ci(&90+,%!3,()()sW

ZF=0nmh9:(&A!*JF%'Gz(sM,¬/"=#9:BH70fD'Ç #=!+¥+,%!3()(&7(&3S-()A!jGUB

nm

E % ErHX oIo

± §/WY³

!N=^DR'Ç #!+­+,%!#3()()IG !7$&%!3+a3@%A!4=%',$)BH=83%!CK^1="(&-=5 WZF=­$&()-/K3(&M_!M0=­V EGFIH¥%!1 XDCEGFIH¥$)A!$&3K1"j+=®Ét' !C $b%!3+5d()-=!,(b=-c=ghCi%!­3"=Gz$)A!$&35=(&3 # ErH V XDo Hp #V ± §/WYX³

g CK%!i3+z$&()+(&=-09%!"33[%^3$b()-9a%!=-!.(&_=F$b()-3,()MO1"=d+^=N9,%!=-!.(&K1="#(&=-!M0=]Ét' !C$&%!3+LM,Cu=¥+,%!3()(&s5d%!1 %Æ$&%'-!I9,%!-!®1"j+Æ­nm 9:L!M^$b%!3+ $&%',(b3%'()sW`Z@=.$&()-/R3(&MMO!d%8+a%!3()()iM,C= ' 3"G#$)A!$!M¶=?XDC EGFIH $)A!$h+4='*)83"=G#$)A!$ !M=^V EGFIH $)A!$¶(&3d-()A!7GUB

H

±OV D ' "]V 'X '*)¯³ & # H # ± §/W£V/³

DN=4=_3¬/"#%'1 S$)G#39a<Ç ©.!,1#%!¥9:U"!i9()/5 H 5(&3.gDLMO!?= Xg'a¸> ' Xg'a¸0Xg'F+,%!#3()()7%!1¥ÉgU_MO!@= Xg'a¸> ' Xg'_ 'd+,%!#3()()sW

SC_#%',(&-®j:PU#33()#3>M!K­3(&=-$&Lz=!+39%'++,(b=- ,%'+­%!#1 =j$&()-/K3(&M3\DF3d#%' ± §/W ³

ZF=8nm 9:?!M[$&()-/F3(&MF1#"=8+L=_X!¦!X'C $&%!3+N(b3N=!.9:3(&11¥3,(&9:^=4#%',%!CK+-(bC_0¬U"()1LMO!F()-I%!1"=d"!i9()9:B7(&3d3,"9,7#%'d=*X!¦!X'C $b%!3+F(&/+3()BH(&3dC4"9a$)3,3K%! =¥3%'",%'() (b+3,()fB!W°Z@(&3i$)\D (&+#3()fB¤(&3H9,=3+ +Æ%\A!(&13(&=-$)7z=!+:P=9()%'()­"=@!M=^V % FIHKJ | % FIH^$&A!$%!173"=Gz3+¬/"d !#"$b%'()ICK( P=(&=-=W

Page 90: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

l ɨV

»²¼#»s»Q¼ 2¾V, 9 W^Á>9 ~4OÀZ@839:8!M%!®(&/+3+4Ét' !#C 6+1=,33(&=-H$&%!3+,;iMO%'?1="=15 5#MOC=*%'+Ci(&93%!9:d9:%'+3[%?1=,33+143+%'+F%'`(&3`1="#(&=-F#%'`9%!>G !G 1*G/B*=@X!¦!X'C 6È!G $&%!3,;<W[Z@=^$b(&=3%' .!M^3+%!#9:8(&3S-()A!­G/BL= %!=H!e#$&.MO!,C4"$&% < VÉD= W

Od± & ³ ± & ³H

& H & "

± §/WY´³DF (&3>=I!G LGh%!C MO¬U"=9:B!5 (b3*L,3+%!9:7MO¬U"=9:B!5 (&3>LDN(&1=!M= %!=7,3+%!9:!5 E(&30%I39%!$)_M²%!9:+!W[Èc=_!,()-(&#%!$9:/+:PU*!MR%!"=+(&(&3%'()5s=%!$¶#%',%!C_+>(&3d=^a%'()K!M=8CK%'+,()PL$)CK3FM!.9:"=#$&(&-4+i=81=3,3+1j3+%'+4%!19:"=z$&(&=-_+L=*9:/(&U""C7W [Èj83?9:+:P<5 <± '³a5 DF= (&3@*$&()-/3#()MS!M`=^1=,33+1j3+%'+!W

ZF=03%' ?!M= %!=K!ez$)NMO!dA'%'BU(b=->A¨%!$&"3S!M4(&3d3=¯DF7(& ()-"=8§/W&'Wb[ @9%!7G 3+­%'@=8!e#$)0(&3F%!3+BUCiC_+,(&9'5DN()7%_«L%' & "UW[Z@(&3S«,H(&I=*%'G#3+!(&7(&31"0+H1=3++a"9:()A!^(&/+MO9:^!M`=^DRH#%'3d+H=^e##%!$s3+%'+!W[È7=8!,()-(&%!$s9:/+:P<!M.#=!+()#(&3%'() < VÉD=@3+7fD #%'3_%',7=j1()9:_:P=9()%'()+]=j9:(b/""#C %!1=i"=+K=,"=- %j1(b39:+i%!"=+(&(&3(&-I3%'+i+­i9:(b/""#C7W [È]=i9:/+:PU*!MS=3$)AU(b=-*:P< ,(&C_/=0fDK#%'3d%',.0:P<9()%'(&7+_V EGFIH MO$&$)¯DR1IGUBH19%BI+iXDC EGFIH%!1j=8%!$)+,#%'()A!0#%'7=,"=-7=8133+173+%'+49:%'+1jGUBI=^(&/+3+8Ét' !C$&%!3+W

−10 −8 −6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 8 100

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

ε

(q +

ε)2 /(

1+ε2 )

q=0q=0.5q=1q=2q=3

()-"=*§/W& %!=i#!e#$)?MO!F1( m /dA¨%!$&"3d!M°=®=_$&%!3+?1="#(&=-3.%'_$&%'-!>9:C_#%'1®+I=_$&(&=DN(&1=I!M[*V EGFIH $)A!$`%!1

=(&?JN%!CK%! 1="#(&=-L(&3?3CK%!$&$Q5 =>V % FIH XDC EGFIH V EGFIH 3BU3++C 9%! Gh4+%'+1 %!38%H$)A!$h3+B<3++C75<()-=!,(b=-0=F,$&%'()A!$)B_3$)¯D 1=9%\BK"=R!Ms=N3+B<3++Cp+*N3=$&Mh$)A!$ W~[ i(&3$&(bCK()=83++%!1=B73+%'+* !#"$&%'()I(&73%'+ X0±O=8V EGFIHKJ # EGFIH $&A!$³S(&3S-()A!jG/B < V¦>=

ErE V H H H

± §/W §!³

Page 91: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

l ÉtDF É H H H V H H ´ H H H H H

"É ! É ! H H H ± §/WYɳ H H ± §/WY¦³DF E % 5 w±È "³ ErH %!1 " W[È= $&(&CK(&K!M43,(&=-$)¥#=!+1="#(&=-M²%'7MOC3+%!9:!5 5N9$)3®+JN%¨ÇCK%!Æ3+#%!9:!5 5%!1,1Æ$&%!34(&/+3(&fB C4"9,¤$&%'-!4%!Æ=LG#$&"=i$b%!3+(&/+3(&fB!5 5==8:PU,33()IMO! 3(&C_z$&()e3R+

V H V H H ±È "`³ H H V H "É ! q ´ H H " HV H H $" H

H HV H H H´ H ± §/W& ³

DF^%_+,C 1! 17(& < V¦>=¶%!3@Ghj%!(&=1sWZF=^3++%!1=B73+%'+*h!z"$&%'()I(&I=8:P<9()+1­3+%'+*(&3d9:

ErE H H

V H " HV H H ±È "`³ H H H

V H H H´ H ± §/W&!\³

/0i=N %'24!M¶=FGa()-[3+%!9:!5<(QW£!WDFK=.JF%!CK%!L1="(b=-i± ¨³R(&3[¬/"#%!$#+*=$&(&-@3#()M^± H ¯V ³a5z=0:P=9()+1j !#"$b%'()I(&3

ErE HV H H H H

V H ± §/W&³

ZF=HG#,%!92!_(&Æ=I1==CK(&#%'+!*!M % ¬/"#%'()§/W&¥9:/%!(&34DRc+,CK34%'_%'LG !°'W[ F(&3@(&M!,Ci%'()A!0+i:P=%!CK(&=8=81= 1=#9:0!M^ %'2L:P=9()+1­h!z"$&%'()7%!1j=DF(b1=L!M¶= %!K3+%!#9:0M!d=09%!3+3FDF=?=?!@.!@!M.+aCK3@1=CK(b%'+3W

7*¾#¿À]¼» H H HV H ZF=.(b+#%'()L!M¶(b3R9:1#()()L(&3%'S=?,%'+?!M39%'++,(b=-

#!+3_ =7,1¤+,%!3()(&¤GhDR >%!1 X4(&3_C4"9a $&%'-!_#%! =7fD'Ç #=!+9:=,><9:33*G fD *%!1 W [ Æ(&349%!3+L=H %'2]:P=9()+1¤3+%'+I !#"$&%'()(&3%'#P=(&CK%'+$)B ErE H H ± §/W&X³Z@#(&39%!>G (&CKC_1(b%'+$)B^(&1=/()e1*DF()*=S3%'"=,%'()>z%',%!C_+`!M#=SG#$b"=R3(b=-$)[z=!++,%!#3()()IG fD d%!1 XaW[Z@#(&3SC_%!3d%'FDF=I=^Gz$&"=?$&%!3+F(&3Sj3+%!9:8DF()=LG,(&-43+%'+L(&4(&3*%!3>()MS=HGz$&"=i$&%!34(&3*!Gz(&=-j= X83+%'+71()9:$)B!5(QW£!W¥=I%'+C39%'++a3>#=!+34%'_%­,%'+I¬U"%!$R+¥%'>!M@,3+%!/43(b=-$)K#!+Æ:P=9()%'()!M X W¡ D%\BMOC ­G,(&-_3%!9:®= i%!1 Xi3+%'+3I%'®"9:"=#$&1%!1 3=¥G#$&"=

Page 92: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

l É!´$&%!30$)B­39%'++a30DmÆ=>:P=9()+1 3+%'+K%'0%I,%'+>-()A!cGUB­4Dm¤3+#%!03(&-$)*z=!+39%'++a(&=-K,%'+!W

ZF=0MO"#$&$hDF(&1=7%'F#%!$)MCK%¨P=(&C4"CÊ!M=^3%!9:8(&3d%'#P=(&CK%'+$&B

HV H ± §/W&:V/³Z@#(&3SDF(&1=I(&3@¬/"%!$+K=^39%'++,(b=-K,%'+^­=017+a%!3()()W

7*¾#¿À 's» H H HV H [ÈI(&3@9%!3+8=^ %'2H:P=9()+1j3%'+8 !#"$&%'(&L(b3@%'\P<(bCK%'+$)B

ErE HÉ H ± §/W&³[ [9%!iGhN3+_%'RM!#(&39%!3+N=@ !#"$&%'(&4(b_=@:P=9()+1i3%'+N1=U3=![1h#1_

=4(&/+3()BL!M8G#$&"^$&%!3+WdZ@=*(&+,%'()¥(&3@%'N=8DR'Ç z=!+cJF%'G#(¶M¬U"=9:B9:"=z$&(&=-4= S%!#1 S3+%'+3@+!-!.(&3dC4"9a7-!%'+F#%!I=83(&-$)Nz=!+j39%'++,(b=-,%'+i =K,1c+,%!3()(&sWKZ@(&30CK%!30%'^K !#"$&%'()®¬U"%!$&(&330G fD3+%'+3 %!1 a5=%!1H=L(&3R3,$)\DF$&B4:P=9()+1LMOC +>=.:P<9(&+1L3%'+ XGUBK=.Dm­3+%!/1$&%!35=G M!^19%B<(&=-KG#%!9,2I+ !@83=$)M W

ZF=0MO"#$&$hDF(&1=7%'F#%!$)MCK%¨P=(&C4"CÊ!M=^3%!9:8(&3d%'#P=(&CK%'+$&B

± §/W&´³

ZF(&3@DN(&1=j(&3F¬/"#%!$+L=8nm 9:()A!_JF%'G#(¶M,¬/"=#9:BL!M[=8DRL#=!+¥+,%!3(&()jC4"$ Ç()z$&()1LG/B gW »²¼#»s»(' 2¾V, 9Á¨À/¿9-,¶¾U, 0Ày.16Ä !R$&%'-!dA'%!$&"=3`!M N= %!0!e#$)S%',%!9,=3%0·¶!/+«(&%!_$&(&=3,%' [MO![1="(b=-39$&3++K %!=K,3+%!9:!WZ@= %!=i!e#$)!5==!aCK%!$&(&3+1I+H%>h%'2IA'%!$&"=0!MS'5#(&3S-()A!­G/B

O ± ¨³ H H± '³ H ± " ³ H

H " ± '³ H ± §/W&\§!³

DF 4(&3d=^1="#(&=->MOC 1%'2L3+#%!9:!WZF=*3++%!1BÇf3+%'+> !#"$b%'()7!M=*V EGFIH4$)A!$(&3@-(&A!­GUB7= %!=L!e#$)*C*"$&()#$&()1

GUBH^ %'2H:P=9()+1j !#"#$&%'()L-()A!7GUB % ¬U"%'()­§/W&X_! % ¬U"%'()¥§/W& ¨± ¨³ vErE Oh± '³ ± §/W&ɳ

ZF=*3$)AU(b=-_,%'+!5 H 5 (&3d=¥-()A!¥G/BI=43++%!1=B­3%'+* !#"$b%'()I!M=8V EGFIH $)A!$C4"$)()z$&()1HG/BL=81=9%\BI,%'+8+K^3=$)MMC %'F$)A!$Q5

H ± ¨³ E u¯± '³ ± §/W&¦³

Page 93: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

l ɧZF=0 !#"$&%'()I3$)A!17MOCÊ=0V % FIHKJ #&% FIH $)A!$Q5 # 5#(&3S-(&A!jGUB

# Y¦!X§D=±È "]:P<*±" H ³+³ ± §/WY' ³DF H (&3L=c,%'+c!M8+,%!#3+MIMOCV % FIHKJ #&% FIH®+¤=]3=$)M WwZ@=c%!3+BUC*+!#(&9c3$)A!1 !#"$b%'() 1( m ,30MOC =H#()- e$b1 3=$)A<(&=-j3,9,=C_I1"=i+¥=IÉt' !C $&%!3+*9:BU9$b(&=-C_3!M==R !#"$&%'()81=9%B<(&=-.(&+N=dXDC EGFIH CK%!(&M$&1^+N=RV % FIH CK%!()MO$&1sWÌ!#"$b%'()%'*1=9%B<38(&/+7=HXDC EGFIHKJ # EGFIH 3"=G#$)A!$`(&3^+,%' 1c=!5,3+/(&=-j%! (b="!i9()9:B®(&=*3=$)A<(&=-4<9:33W

ZF=F3=$&AU(&-."!H9()9:B_(&31=9:%!31iGUB>h!z"$&%'()>(&(&(&%!$&$)B^(&K=@V % FIHKJ | % FIH $&A!$G (&=-3$)A!1sW °= =­$&%!3+a3i%'j 3+%!#9:­MO!i3=$)A<(&=-]MOC jV % FIHKJ #&% FIH $&A!$Q5S(&3<99"=,341"=K+c39%'++,(b=-­=,"=- =HV EGFIHKJ #&% FIH $)A!$R+­=HV % FIHKJ #&% FIH $)A!$MO$&$)¯DR1ÆG/B:P=9()%'()­+K=83$)MWZ@0h!z"$&%'()I3=$&A!17M,CÊ=0V % FIHKJ | % FIH $&A!$Q5 | (&3

| ° Y¦!X§D H ±È "c:PU>±" % +³+³ % ±O:P<4±" H ³ "\³ H " % ± §/WY<\³DF % (&3S=^,%'+8!M+a%!3+MOd!M !#"#$&%'()LM,CÊV % FIHKJ #&% FIH0+KV % FIHKJ | % FIH'WZF=i%'ifD®9:/+,()G#"()3?+ % WIZ@=_e,38(&30=H3(&=-$)_z=!+ 39%'++,(b=-­,%'+H=4X!¦!X'C +,%!#3()()s5

% v X E % X X o H

V H ± §/WY!³DF0=8$&%!3F1="(b=- W

ZF=®39:19:+a()G#"=() + =c !#"$&%'(&+,%!3MI,%'+](&3I1"=®+¤=cDmzÇ ,3+%!/:P=9()%'()­7=^DR'Ç #!+­+,%!#3()()s5

% X E % X X o O ±Q´gD ³ ± §/WY!X³

ZF= %!Æ,!e#$)j(&9$b"1=3>=®3(&=-$):Ç z=!+ 39%'++a(&=-a%'+®9:/+,()G#"()sW°ªF¯DRA!53(b9:c=]V % FIHKJ | % FIH V EGFIHKJ #&% FIH XDC EGFIHKJ | % FIH 3BU3++C (&3I=!j%! (&1=%!$.=,:Çf$)A!$ 3+BU3+C%!1 19%B<3_"=3(&1L!MN=j3+B<3++C +]=7!=_-!,"1 3+%'+j%'7M²%!3+5R=j3(&=-$&:Ç #=!+39%'++a(&=-4,%'+NCK%\BK=1H+8G F(&9$b"1=1_3+#%'a%'+$)B!W~[ i=Fa%!=-!F!Ms#%'a%!C_+,3R!M(&+,3+5=S9:/+,()G#"=(&*1"[+039%'++,(&-.DmH=RDR'Ç z=!+_3+#%!9:RDN(&$&$"#3"%!$&$)B?1=CK(b%'+3,(&9:=*3(&=-$)?#!+j39%'++,(&-K,%'+8(&3d$&\D 1#"=?+K=8$&%',-!^1="(&-4MOCÊ,3+%!9:!W

¡ ,"=-C_%!3,"=K!MdDF#(&9,]#U9:3,3^DF(&$b$1=CK(&%'+H9%!G _!G%!(&1 GUBc9:CK#%',(&=-­=$b%'()A!^1="(b=-3[MOC 3%!9:0DF()H=0DF(b1=i!M=?3+#%!9:!W !@:P=%!C_#$&!5U0,%'+MOCÊ=8fD'Ç #=!+j,3+%!9:^DN(&$&$ 1=CK(&#%'+^()M

± §/WY¨V/³Z@#(&3R(&-=!3R=?3+9:.!M=01%',2_3+%!9:0(&H=.fD'Ç #=!+7+a%!3()()H!ez$)!WZF(&3%'#P=(&CK%'() (b3_A¨%!$b(&1¤(& =j$&(bCK()4!M?<Ç «$&%!3K$&(&=DF(b1=s5(&¤DF#(&9, 9%!3+­=­1%'23%!9:8(&3@D%!317"=@1"=0+H$&%!92I!M`#%!3+^9:9:^G fDj8$&%!3+,3W

ZF=@%'\P<(bCK%'+d3=$)A<(&=-."!i9()9:B>9%!_=>G S!G%!(&1_%!%!$)!-!"3$&B*+ % ¬/"%'(&K´UW §

& ±³ ° Y¦!X§D H H " % ± # w " # w ³ ± §/WYt³

Page 94: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

l É!ÉZF=[%'G \A!R¬/"%'(&^MO!¶=[3,=$)A<(&=-S"!i9()9:B0%!33,"C_3#%'=[3$)AU(b=-S,%'+R(&3¶9:3+%!/

%'d()33++%!1=Bi3%'+0A¨%!$&"!W`ZF(&3[%'#P=(&CK%'(&H(&3RA'%!$&(&1KMO!(&C_3S$)=-49:C_#%'1L+>=.(&C_¬U"(),1c+­A!$)A!H+­=i3+%!1=B]3+%'+!W ¡ *3=!,0(&C_3^i3=$)A!1 h!z"$&%'()c,1(&9:+1GUB % ¬U"%'() §/WYtI(&3.%!®\A!3(&CK%'+K9:C_#%',1c+L*A'%!$&"=>9%!$&9"$&%'+1®GUB­3+$&"()­!M[=!(b9%!$ $)U9aj¬U"%'()3WZ@(&3d(&3d3,=\DF­(& ()-"=*§/WYUW

−1 −0.8 −0.6 −0.4 −0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 10

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

She

lved

pop

ulat

ion

δ393

(MHz)

S1/2,−1/2

S1/2,+1/2

−1 −0.8 −0.6 −0.4 −0.2 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 10

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

She

lved

pop

ulat

ion

δ393

(MHz)

S1/2,−1/2

S1/2,+1/2

()-"=, §/WY ÌR$)!I!M43$)A!1h!z"$&%'() AU3jX!¦!X'#C $&%!3+71="#(&=-M!j1( mh/I3=$)A<(&=-(&CK3W·MO%!1Kz$)!R(&3[M! w ! 35<,()-/%!1_#$&!R(&3[M! ¹ ! ! 3W[Z@(&9,2_9"=A!3%'3,"$)3S!M!(&9%!$ $)<9,7¬U"%'()j3,(&C*"#$&%'()s5U(&79"=,A!3@%'^9%!$&9"$b%'+17M,C %!=K#!e#$)!Wo ¹ Z# E Go E ¹ "^\©?ªN«W

»²¼#»s»QP ½¾¿ÀUÁz41.;,À ._6Ä[Ȥ=j%'G#3+#9:7!M.$&%!3K$&(&=DF(b1= =j9:i<9:33+3_1=CK(b%'+I=j1=B<%!CK(&934!M.=3+B<3++C7W>Z@(b3.(b3.1#"=>+7=K$&%!3+^1="#(&=-3.MOC %'+CK(&9>3%!9:_G (&=-I$&%'-!_9:C_#%',1+K8$&(&=DN(&1=H!M=8:P<9()+1¥3+%'+!W[ÈI#%'(b9"$&%'5U%'G#3+!(&HI?"#DS%!+1I+a%!3()()I9%!IG ?9%!9:$&$)1IGUBH9a=/3,(&=-4=

Ét' !C $&%!3(&/+3(&fB!5<=NCi%'-=(&9.e$&1H%!1i.1="#(&=-^MOCE%'+CK(&9N3+%!#9:.3+>%!3+,U1"#9:?%i1%'2L3+%!9:*%'@=8"/DS%!+17+a%!3()()IMO¬U"=9:B!W

ZF=?nmh9:@!M=<Ç «_$&%!3@$&(&=DF(b1=i(&3+K1=3+\BH=^1%'2K,3+%!9:^%!1L+_G,%!1==*G,()-/@3%!9:!W@Z@(b3d9%!"3+3N=8MO!,C !M8fDL#=!+j,3+%!9:*+iG 9:C_*CK!·¶!+«(b%!sW[Z@=0%!9:"%!$ MO!,C !M=?fD'Ç #=!+­3+%!9:^Ci%BLGh?:P< 9:+1I+KG .%'#PUÇ(&Ci%'+$)BÆ%c9:/A!$&"=()¤!M.= %!=],!e#$)I%!1¤%]·!/+«(&%!¤!M.DF(&1=Ƭ/"#%!$R+]7+!%!$$&%!34$&(b=DF(&1=5 +! W3[ MS=i+!%!$S$&%!3+>$&(&DF(&1=c(&3*$&%'-!H9:CK#%'1Æ+¥=HDF(&1= !Md= %!7!e#$)*=>!e#$&*9%!®G 4%'#P=(&CK%'+1c%!3]"3+.=4·¶!/+«(&%!]9:+a()G#"=()W[È¥=#%'a%!C_+K,%!=-!I%'_(&3>%!99:33,()G#$)IDF() o ! ! touYvxw,5= %!]!e#$)LDF(&1Æ(&34!MN=!,1F!M@ '2<ªF« Í¥ªF«­±²1h#1(&=-> ³a5h3+i=*%'#P=(&CK%'()j!M=8DR'Ç #!+¥#!e#$)G (&=-®·!/+«(&%!¤9%!G LCK%!1L%!3>$)=-c%!34=L+!%!$d$&%!3+_$&(&=DN(&1=](&34$&%'-!>%!¤%'G "=Í¥ªF«!W°=Æ=H$b%!3+*$&(b=DF(&1=](b38$&%'-!L9:C_#%'1+¥iDF(&1]!Md= %!=¥,3+%!9:H=

3$)AU(b=-d<9:339%!*G C_U1$&$)10%!3%dfD.3+8<9:33W (),3+$)B!5¨= !#"#$&%'()0(&3s+a%!3+MO1MOC =>V % FIHKJ #&% FIH $)A!$`+I=KXDC EGFIHKJ #&% FIH $)A!$`G/B­=>fD'Ç #=!+]+,%!#3()()sW8TU9:#1$)B!5=Fh!z"$&%'()_(&K=NXDC EGFIHKJ #&% FIH $&A!$(&3:P=9()+1H+^=@V EGFIHKJ # EGFIH $&A!$=G/B>=.Ét' !Cp$b%!3+W ,C=,^=8 !#"#$&%'()I9%!¥19%B7G#%!9,27+i=*!,()-(&%!$ -!,"1­3%'+!5z+H=83=$&M5=!.+=>XDC EGFIHKJ # EGFIH $)A!$ WSZF(&3@$&%!3F1=9%B­"=+*(b3@%i1%',2I3%'+4()M`=4Ét' !C $&%!3+F $&%'a(&3%'()(&3#"@ | 5=%!179:?3+/3d%!7(&="!H9()9:Bi(&L=03$)AU(b=-*#U9:3,3WRT<(&C4"$&%'()#3[%\A!3\DF%'_%c3CK%!$&$%!C_"/>!MNhÇ $&%',(b3+1Æ$b()-49%!¤#"CKÆ=I !#"$b%'() "=>!MN(&3

Page 95: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

l É!¦3+%'+H(&+L=K3$)AU(b=-H3+B<3++C DF(&="=?1=+,(&C_/%!$&$)Bj%>m 9:(&=-7>Ci%!(&c3=$)A<(&=-H<9:33+UiC4"9,s5#3"$)(b=-4(bj3=$)A<(&=-4"!i9()#9()3@%',%!9,(&-i¦!¦ -LW°=]_fD'Ç #=!+JN%'G#(M,¬/"=#9:B¥(&30$&%',-!K9:C_#%'1c+j>3,(&=-$)>#=!+ Ét' !#C

+,%!#3()()L,%'+0"=S!M=^XDC EGFIH $)A!$ =? !#"$&%'(&i¬U"%!$&(&33RG DR7.V % FIHKJ #&% FIH %!1XDCEGFIHKJ #&% FIH*$)A!$&38±²3+*1(&39"3,3()I%'M+ % ¬U"%'()­§/W&UWZ@=^3=$&AU(&-4a%'+8(&3S=7-(&A!jGUB

H ± '³ E u,DN

+!± +! '³ H

H ± +! '³ H XDo ± §/WY!´³ZF(&3s¬U"%'()*(&3¶%!8C_#(),(b9%!$'e¶+N=[3,"$)3s!G%!(b=18"3,(&=-d=!#(&9%!$ $)<9,*¬/"#%'()

3(bC*"$b%'()®!M[=K3+B<3++C7Wd[ ^%!3?G ¥+3+1 GUB¥9:C_#%'a(&3+cG fD](&3?C_<1()e#1 %!,!e#$)^%!1­=^M²"$&$s3+$&"()7!M`=^!(b9%!$ $)<9,j¬U"%'()#3@MO!N==«,i$&%!3+.$&(&=DF(b1=s5<%!3(&3F3=\DN7(& ()-"=*§/WYXUW

−10 −8 −6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 8 100

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

She

lved

pop

ulat

ion

δ393

(MHz)

S1/2,−1/2

S1/2,+1/2

−10 −8 −6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 8 100

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

She

lved

pop

ulat

ion

δ393

(MHz)

S1/2,−1/2

S1/2,+1/2

()-"=,*§/WYX Ì[$)!3@!M3$)A!1I !#"$&%'()HA<3FX!¦!X'C $&%!3F1="(b=-*MO!@1( m /o %!1j+!%!$$&%!3*$&(&DF(&1=®!M@X!Í­ªN«!WjZ@(b92c9"=A!38%',i3"#$)30!MS!(&9%!$ $&U9a ¬U"%'()3,(&C*"#$&%'()s5(b­9"=A!3.%'>9%!$&9"$&%'+1¥MOC %!L#!e#$)!W o$ # E p\©?ªN«WF·¶M#%!1#$&!o ¹ E 5,()-/%!1Iz$)! o E

»²¼#»s» ) ¾+*-,¶À/Ä/.10`ÀZ416[È9:%!3(b=-_=8CK%'-(&9^e$b17CK%'-()"1^(&9:%!3+3F=4ghCi%!­3+#$b()+(&=-4G fD­=8fD'Ç#!+]3+%!#9:3WKZ@(&3.1#"9:30=_DmhÇ 3+%!/^:P=9()%'()]+­=_V EGFIHKJ #&% FIHi$)A!$MOC=>V % FIHKJ | % FIH $)A!$`%!1c=9:>(&9:,%!3+3.=_3=$)A<(&=-K"!H9()9:B!W^ZdD79:3(&1=a%'()3.$&(&CK()=>CK%¨P=(&C4"CCi%'-=(&94e$&1¥3++=-!®%'09%!®G *"3+1W (),3$)B!5h3,(&9:84CK%'-(&94e$&1%!3[=F3%!CKN3++-!i1"=a(&=-?G !K=F3,=$)A<(&=-0%!1KF1=+9:()H#%!3+35/()C4"3+G F3,CK%!$&$="-¤%'_=­ghCK%! 3+z$&()+(&=-­GhDR=I+,%!3()(&3>%'_X!¦§¨#Cu(&3>3CK%!$&$9:C_#%',1+Æ=¥$&(b=DF(&1=!M?=¥V % FIH $)A!$QW TU9:1$)B!5S=]ghCK%! 3+#$&()+(b=-c!M.­fD'Ç #=!+3%!9:*3,="$&1LG 83CK%!$b$s9:C_#%'1­+K=81="#(&=-_!M`=8$b%!3+,3dMOCÊ=*3(&=-$)0z=!+%'+CK(b903+%!#9:!W ()-"c§/W£V¤3=¯DF3K=®3=$)A<(&=-]"!H9()9:B%!3L% M²"9:() !M^%'##$&()1Ci%'-=(&9je#$&1MO!

A'%'B<(&=-­A'%!$&"=34!M@+!%!$S$&%!3>$b(&=DF(&1s5%!1Æ=I9:!3+ 1#(&=-j!(bC*"C #"$b3+K(&C_3W [ 9%!­Gh03+j%'@DF=I^$&%!3+F$&(b=DF(&1=H(&3SG $)\D %'Gh"? Í¥ªN«8-!UU1j3,=$)A<(&=-4"!i9()9:B9%!LG F!G%!(b=1i%'S$)\DCK%'-(&9@e$b13W ¡ 3R=?$&%!3+$&(&=DF(b1=>G 9:C_3S9:C_#%',%'G#$&F+4=$&(b=DF(&1=­!M[=>V EGFIH_$)A!$`=_3=$&AU(&-i"!i9()#9:B­A!,3"#30CK%'-=(&94e$&1®G 9:C_303(bCK(&$&%'+ ()-"8´UWYXUW

Page 96: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

l ¦'

0

101 2 3

She

lvin

g E

ffic

ien

cy

0 MHz0.1 MHz1 MHz10 MHz

B (G)

0

0.2

101010

1

0.9

0.8

0.7

0.6

0.5

0.4

0.3

0.1

100

101

102

103

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4x 10

5

B (G)

t op

t

0 MHz0.1 MHz1 MHz10 MHz

()-"=,0§/W£V ·¶M%!#1i#$&! ÌR$)!!M¶3=$)A<(&=-8"!i9()9:BKA<3%'#$&()1HCK%'-=(&9Ne$&1HMO!RA'%'B<(&=-+!%!$.$&%!3+i$b(&=DF(&13W "$&$d9"=,A! +! 0 Í­ªN«!5@1%!3=1 9"=A! +! > ! '2<ªF«!5@1%!3,<Çf1=!9"=,A! +! >Í¥ªF«!5<1=!++1K9"=,A! +! > Í¥ªF«!W[JN()-/%!1>#$)! 9:!3+ 1#(&=-.!(&C4"C#"#$&3+?(&C_3dMO!FCK%¨P=(&C4"CÊ3=$&AU(&-4"!H9()9:B!Wlo ¹ Z# E 5+o ¹ E 5 > ©>5 ¹\©?ªN«W

»²¼#»s»bº ½¾¿ÀUÁ ÀÄ , .1, *Z@L1="#(&=-¥!MF=I$&%!3+,34MOC 3+%!#9:LDN()L3(b=-$)L#=!+¤%'+CK(&9L+,%!3,()()3*(&39:,"#9(&%!$ +K=^3"#99:33d!M`=^3=$&AU(&-439a=C_^DN=I=^$&%!3+N$&(&=DF(b1=3[%',8=<Ç «=WRZ@=CK%!(bjnm 9:N!M[<Ç «H$b%!3+N$&(b=DF(&1=7(b3@+I1=3++¯B7=*1%',273+%!9:*­8+,%!3,()()MOC =7V % FIHKJ | % FIH $&A!$S+]=jXDC EGFIHKJ | % FIH $)A!$QWZ@=I,%'+7!M.h!z"$&%'()Æ+,%!3+MO_MOC=­V % FIHKJ | % FIHj$)A!$d+=7V % FIHKJ #&% FIHj$)A!$F(&3_= 7,%'+­!M?39%'++,(&- =¥X!¦!X'#C+,%!#3()()s5SC4"$)()#$b()1G/B¤=]S$)G#39a<Ç ©.!,1#%!9:/"!H9()LMO!H1=9%\B +=¥!=i-!"#13+%'+4$)A!$

% X

X

XDo E % HV H ± §/WY§!³[ R9%!HG F3+H%'[#(&3,%'+.1=U3R=!1= 1_i=NCK%'-(&9@e$b1i3++-!sWªF¯DRA!5

$&%!3¶$&(&=DN(&1=.%!$&3+F(&#9:%!3+3s=DN(&1=?!M<=G,(&-s3%!9:!5¨DF(&9a09%!8$)%!10+F:P<9()%'(&MOC =]V % FIHKJ | % FIH]$)A!$0A<(&% 39%'++,(&- MC =]fD'Ç #=!+ +,%!3()(&sWÊZ@(&3I9%!G C_<1=$&$&1i%!3S=.,%'+?!M:P=9()%'()LM,CE%4·!,+«(&%!I$&(b=3%' @!MDN(&1=

vKu %'d%*1="#(&=-

!Mbg'X ®MC =^ %'2H!M`=0,3+%!9:!W »²¼#»s» ½¾¿ÀUÁz.1,hįÀZ,¿ .Ä/.OÀ/¿Z@N(&/+3()B_!M=0X!¦!X'C $&%!3+S(&3R¬/"#()1_+>G NC4"9,L$)33R%!I%43%'"=,%'()L(&/+3()BK(&!,1+?%A!(&1>3(b=-$)#=!+*:P=9()%'()4M,C =RV % FIHKJ | % FIH $)A!$/%!#183"=Gz3+¬/"h!z"$&%'()+,%!#3+M+4=FV % FIHKJ #&% FIH $)A!$QWZ@F3(&=-$&@#=!+L39%'++,(&-8,%'+.i.X!¦!X'CE+,%!3,()()C4"3+.G 4C4"9,c$)¯DR0#%!¥43(b=-$)8z=!+c39%'++,(&=-I,%'+>®=_Ét' !C +,%!3,()()®%!1=8fD'Ç #=!+¥nmh9:()A!*JF%'G#(sMO¬U"=9:B!Wb[È7U"C_,(&9%!$s3,(&C*"#$&%'()3S()@%!3@GhjM"#1I%'%iX!¦!X'#C~$&%!3+N(&+#3()fBL!M!,1=8 Z# E o 3%' (b3@%>-!/<1jA'%!$&"=?+L9,=U3+!WZF= (&/+3()B !M>=Ét' !C 1=33,(&=- $&%!3+­33j=]DF(b1=°!M>=]G,()-/73+#%!9:!WªN\DA!5()MR=HÉt' !C 3(&=-$)_z=!+ 39%'++,(b=-j,%'+H]=KV EGFIH +®XDC EGFIH +,%!3()(&](&3$&%',-!L#%! =®fD'Ç #=!+ ,%'+¥!M8h!z"$&%'() +,%!3+MOHMOC V % FIH¥+ XDCEGFIH5@= =9:=,9:?GhDRL=.V % FIH %!1IXDC EGFIH $)A!$b3R(&31=3++,\B!1I1"=N+>3h/%!="31=9%\BiMOC=8V EGFIH $&A!$QWZ@(&3d19:%!3+3@83=$)A<(&=-4,%'+^MOCÊ^V % FIHKJ #&% FIH $)A!$ W

Page 97: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

l ¦<ZF(&3^nm 9:_9%!G H="=-/*!M@%!3>%!Æ:P<%!C_z$)i!Md=I¬U"%!"#C gh­nm 9:5DF=H=

9:3%!H!G#3+A'%'()!M0% 3BU3++C A!/3ijA!$&"=()!M.­3+B<3++C7W°Z@=j()-,%'+!M8Ét' !C #=!+ 39%'++,(&=-%'H$&%',-!Ao 9:3+%!/$)BC_%!3"=,3K=­%!CK"i!M0h!z"$&%'()(&¥=KXDC EGFIH $)A!$QW^Z@#(&3F#A!3?*DR'Ç #!+ 9:=/0<9:33.M,CGz"(&$&1(b=-K"=c%!B !#"$b%'()c(&®=iXDCEGFIH_$)A!$Q5¶%!#1]3+j1=9:%!3+3^=_+,%!3+MO0,%'+KMOC =_V % FIH4$&A!$+=*3=$)M W ()-"3R§/W ^%!#1H§/WY´^3\D=N3=$)A<(&=-."!i9()9:B_%!3R%0MO"#9:()>!M (&C_dMO!A'%'BU(b=-0A¨%!$b"=3

!M[Ét' !C $&%!3N(&/+3()B!5zCK%'-(&98e#$&1j%!1­+!%!$$b%!3+N$&(b=DF(&1=Wl[ N9%!¥Gh*3+­#%'NMO!=_9%!3+>DF*4$&%!3,3?%'_C_=<9,=Ci%'(&984A'%',(&%'(&­!Mo %!1cCK%'-=(&9*e$&1®%\A!$&(&+$)?nmh9:Nj=^3$)AU(b=->,%'+!W°=4=S$&%!3+$&(&DF(&1=^(b3==Ç «0()(&3MO"1*%'%N(&-= o 3"$)3(&*%.#()-=h%'23$)AU(b=-F"!i9(&9:B!W[T<(&CK(&$b%',$)B!5'(&9:%!3(b=-F=@Ci%'-=(&9e$&1>3++-!_%!$&3+0(&9:%!33dh%'2

3$)AU(b=->"!i9()9:BLG/BI(&9:,%!3(&=->=83#$&()+(&-*G fDj^fDKfD'Ç #=!+¥3+#%!9:3W

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 100000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

B=10 γlas

=0kHz

She

lvin

g E

ffic

ien

cy

time (µ s)

1000200040008000

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 100000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

B=20 γlas

=0kHz

She

lvin

g E

ffic

ien

cy

time (µ s)

1000200040008000

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 100000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

B=40 γlas

=0kHz

She

lvin

g E

ffic

ien

cy

time (µ s)

1000200040008000

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 100000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

B=80 γlas

=0kHz

She

lvin

g E

ffic

ien

cy

time (µ s)

1000200040008000

()-"=*§/W Ì[$)!d!M[T<=$&AU(&- % !i9()9:BLAU3@(&C_0MO!@A¨%',BU(&- %!#1 [ p # ()-"_§/W §L3,=\DF3.=> %'2­3$)AU(b=-i"!i9(&9:B­%!1c9:!3h#1(&=-K!#(&C*"#Cz"$&3+*(&C_

%!3H%]MO"#9:()¤!M@o M!KA'%',()"#3K$&%!3+i$b(&=DF(&13W [K9%! Ghj3%'KA! DF()% +!%!$$&%!3K$&(&=DF(b1= !M4 Í­ªN«¥%® %'2Æ3$)AU(b=-¥"!H9()9:B!M?%'"#1 ' - 9%!¤GhI!G%!(b=1 %' ]-%!"3,3W !L%]+!%!$.$&%!3+i$&(b=DF(&1=Æ!M_Í­ªN«!5SDF(&9a3="#$&1Gh7%!3,(&$)B%!9,%'Gz$):P< ,(&C_/%!$&$)B!58 %'273=$)A<(&=-_"!i9(&9:B7%'%!9a=3.¦' -IW@Z@(&3d %'27"!i9(&9:B79%!­G (&CK\A!1IGUBI%'#$)B<(&=->%_3CK%!$&$ %!C_"#d!MNhÇ $&%',(&3+1I$&(&-S+_#"#C_IMC =^XDC EGFIHKJ | EGFIH3+%'+!W/?A!,%!$&$Q5/=@G,(&-,3+%!9:.3=$)A<(&=-0C_=<1i(b3[%!i%'++a%!9:()A!.CK=U1iM!S1=+,Ci(&(&=-

=*3+%'+8!M= !$# S% | ()7%'N$)\D Ci%'-=(&90e$b13W »²¼#»s»  ÀZ4 .;, * S 4O¿À®ÀRÀ 0!Ä 9-, ._9-, Å 9Ä>._9-,Z@43$)AU(b=-K<9:33?(&/A!$)A!3.!(&9%!$&$&B7#"C_#(b=-_=_()®(&+L=>3=$)M$&A!$QW0¢.",(&=-H(&3,U9:33F#=!+3N%'*3,9%'++1s5 9%!"3(&=-H%iC_C_/"C 9,%!-!8!M=4()sW[F(b3F=9:33,%'B7+:P=%!CK(&=(&3+03+SDF%'nmh9:()`%!34=S3+#(&*3+%'+d1(&39:,(bCK(&%'()8%!18:P< ,(&C_/%!$

Page 98: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

l ¦!

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 100000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

B=10 γlas

=10000kHz

She

lvin

g E

ffic

ien

cy

time (µ s)

1000200040008000

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 100000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

B=20 γlas

=10000kHz

She

lvin

g E

ffic

ien

cy

time (µ s)

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 100000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

B=40 γlas

=10000kHz

She

lvin

g E

ffic

ien

cy

time (µ s)0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

B=80 γlas

=10000kHz

She

lvin

g E

ffic

ien

cy

time (µ s)

()-"=*§/WY´ Ì[$)!d!M[T<=$&AU(&- % !i9()9:BLAU3@(&C_0MO!@A¨%',BU(&- %!#1 [ p #!G#3A¨%'(&3W ¡ M²"$&$¶%!#%!$)BU3,(&3FD"$&1¥¬U"()4¬/"#%!()«(b=-i=_()®C_!()c%!1c(&#9$&"1(&-_(&3(& =K!(&9%!$ $)U9a ¬U"%'()35=¯DRA!4MO!8=K#3+/8#"=,h3>3CK( Çf9$&%!33,(&9%!$3+(&Ci%'+33"+!i9:0+i-()A!08CK%!(&IMO%'"=3W% %!9,7(bC_0=0()7(&/+,%!9:3dDF(&H.z=!+7e$&1LGUBH3+ /%!="3$&BKCK()+(&->%>z=!+

()3[C_C_/"C9a%!=-!3GUB_%!K%!C_"/¬U"%!$%!1K! 3()+d+8@C_C_/"C !M =dCK(&++1#!+sWwZ@(&3H(&3L2U=¯DF%!37%ÆC_CK"C2<(&92hWp=,L<9:33+3I3"9a°%!3L3(&C*"#$&%'+1%'G#3!()¤%!1¤CK(b33()¤1=]=!>3"#$)_(&¤%®K9,%!=-!7!M.=7()¤C_C_/"Cu3,(&9:L=C_CK"Cp9,%!-!3[9%!9:$#\A!=@9:"=,3+F!M %09:CK#$)+FJN%'G#(9:B<9$)!W ¡ CKC_"#C 9,%!-!9%!¥U99"F()M`%'G#3+!(&j(&3@MO$&$)¯DR1jG/B73+ /%!="3@Ci(&33()5=!N()M`% N"d#"#$&3+0+i%H3+%'+8!M1( mh/@C_C_/"C (b3d M!aC_1sW

ZF=.Ci%!(&H3"=,9:?!M¶C_C_/"CE2<(&92<3d1"=,(b=-^=?3=$)A<(&=-*<9:33S(&33+ %!="#3RCi(&3ÈÇ3(&7!Mz=!+3@%'NX!¦!X'#C~1"=?+L1=9%BIMOCÊ=0V EGFIH :P=9()+1­3+%'+!WdT<(&9:?=8G,%!9a(&=-,%'(&L!M1=9%B®+I=_3=$)M(b3N#$)B­%'G "=@ -L5sDF(&$b3+@%'?+7=>-!"#1¥3+%'+K(b3?¦¨V -I5s=%'+C 3,9%'++,3_%A!a%'-!.' .#=!+3%'X!¦!X'C GhMO!=d()_3=$&A!3%!#143,9%'++,(&=-^9:%!3+3WZ@H3=$&AU(&-j#"$&3K(&C_34DL"31:P< ,(&C_/%!$&$)BcDL$b%'-!L9:CK#%'1Æ+c%!$b$[=HAU(&G,%¨Ç()#%!$= ,()<13!MhF()KC_!(&s5/%!1K=NX!¦!X^$b%!3+G %!C (&3%'%!K%!=-$)F!Ms´' +^=F%¨P=(&3!M=*()j+,%'¶5#=9:8%!/B7=%'(&=-i!N9:U$&(&=-Knm 9:N#%!3@(&C_8+iG ^1(&3++a()G#"=+1L\A!?%!$&$s1(&9:()30!MdC_!(&sWHZ@KCK%¨P<(bC*"C=%'(&=-­9%!"#3+1 GUB]3+ %!="#3^CK(&3,3()cDF(&$b$G _!M!,1 ' ErE ? <W&CK3n#&%5DF(b9, (&389:C_#%',%'G#$&_+­=i¢.!z$)89:U$&(&=-j$&(bCK()?A!$)<9()fB!M <W 'CK3 #&% W

ZF=Rnm 9:`!M#e##()+R()*A!$)<9()fB8*S3,=$)A<(&=-@,U9:33(&3+03()MO¶=S$&%!3+`MO¬U"=9()3(&=d,M#9:MO,%!C_d!Mz=@()sW`Z@=SC_3+(bC_ !%!`¢.!#$)3,()MO(&3%'!Mh=SfD'Ç #=!+3%!9:!5DF#(&9,7%!3N%!7nm 9:()A! "dA!9:+!DN

X!¦!X'C " Ét' !C 9:3z´' V YX q C #&% ± §/WY!ɳ

°=¥=^$&%¨P=%'()¥!M`=*(&/+,%!$1=-!3N!MM,1=C~(&3FMO%!3N9:C_#%',1j+L=^(&C_3,9%!$)!Md=iA!$)U9(&fB 9,#%!=-!35%!1 KA!$)<9()fB]$&B®(&/+<1"9:3^3,CK%!$&$ "=,G#%'()3?+¥=iG :Ç

Page 99: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

l ¦!X

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 100000

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1B=10

She

lvin

g E

ffic

ien

cy

I850

/Isat

0 MHz0.1 MHz1 MHz10 MHz

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 100000

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000B=10

time

s)

I850

0 MHz0.1 MHz1 MHz10 MHz

()-"=,*§/W § ±²%³dÌR$)!@!MT<=$)A<(&=- % !i9()9:BLAU3[ p # MO!FA'%',()"3d$b%!3+F$&(&DF(&1=3WS±OGh³dÌ[$)!d!M/.#(&C*"#C #"$&3+?(&CK0AU3 [Ip # MO!@A¨%'a()"3@$&%!3@$&(&=DF(b1=3W

%\AU(&"=5DF#(&9,j(b3F%',P=(&CK%'+$)BL+,"=^MO!."=@:P<ha(&C_/35=4=@nm 9:.9%!¥G ^C_U1$&$)1GUB9:/A!$)A<(&=-]=j3$&"=()¤%'K«]A!$&U9()B¤DF()=7!Gz%'G#(&$&()B 1(&3++a()G#"=()!MNj()A!$)<9()()3WNZ@=4W C7W 3WN¢.!#$)?3(&M@-(&A!¥GUB j%'.=4¢.!z$).$b(&CK()@+CKha%'"=(&3>DN !X' '2<ªF«!W T<(&#9:K(&34(&383,CK%!$&$[9:CK#%'1Æ+¥=L!G#3+,A!1DF(b1= !Md=LfD'Ç #=!+3%!9:3K(&%!$&$"=>:P<ha(&C_/35DI9:#9$&"1=L%'_A!$)<9()fBÆnmh9:3H%'I:PU 9:+1¤+]G =-$b()-()G#$)?(&7%!$&$"=d:PU ,(bC_%!$!G#3+A'%'()3d!M`3=$&AU(&-=5U+ie,3+@%'#P=(&CK%'()W »²¼#»s» R À 9zÁ¯À/Ä/.10¾V47:9-, 0 4 ¿ .19U,¿Z@G#,()-/3%!9:d3=$)A<(&=-.C_=<1>(&3`%0=D¤+9,(b¬/"=S%'%!3`G >1=A!$)! 14\A![=9:"=a3+N!Ms#(&3[¢?Ì[#(&$=>]+9:W~[ %!3R=.%!1=A¨%!/%'-!3S!Ms¯AU(b1(&=-0-!UU1H%!1="R"!i9(&9:BK%'$)¯D CK%'-(&9^e$b13@%!1j$b%!3+N(&/+3(&()35=DF(b$)03(&C4"$)%!="3,$)BiG (&=-_,$&%'()A!$)BI(&3+#3()()A!+H=8$&%!3+.$&(&=DN(&1=3W°()­%HCK%'-=(&9^e$&17!M%'"#1 ©p%!17+!%!$$&%!3+N$b(&=DF(&1i!MÍ¥ªF«4%_%!1="d"!i9()9:BI!M`%'Gh¯A!4¦' - 9%!7G 0!%!(&=1sW

ZF=@G,(&-,3+%!9:N%!1="=C_=<1i%!$&3+*%!$&$)\DN3=.¬/"%!/"C gh=^nm 9:R+*G F(&/A!3ÈÇ()-%'+15UGUBi%!$)+a(&=-8.Ét' >$&%!3+S(&/+3()BK%!1i!Gz3+A<(&=-8Nnm 9:Si=?3=$&AU(&-^,%'+?%!3=*$&%!3+i6+C_%!3,"=3;_0h!z"$&%'()I(&I=*(&+aC_1(&%'+8XDCEGFIH^$&A!$C_!^MO¬U"=/$)B!W

l q$. twvxhyN>o@>|v >v4, 4Lvqa v[. 1^`f 4`dVkf#!s?![Z@_!,()/%'()]!MS=K$&%!3+8Gh%!Ci3^"3+1](&cKG,()-/?3+%!#9:i3=$)A<(&=-L:P<ha(&C_/30(&33\DF (b (&-"=i§/WYÉUWHZ@K%!=-$)_G fD =iÉt' ¥%!1 X!¦§>G %!CK38(&30%'G "=8X 5%!3^(b3?=%!=-$&^G fDj=8X!¦§>Æ%!1­X!¦!X>G %!CK3W »Q's»Q¼»Q¼ ½¾¿ÀUÁ¨¿ , TfÁ¨¾ 3LÀ 6½R¾#¿À/Áz4;._*-,ÅÆÀ5,hÄ Z@=NÉt' !#Cp%!1LɨV 'C$b%!3+,3[%',N%!$&()-1_K=Fh3,()()!M0=®() GUB"3(&-]=®X!¦§\ÇÉt' ¨ÇÉt¨V?z"=!39:9:®9:BU9$&­MO!H() 1=+9:()s5dDF(&%!$&$F$b%!3+ $&%',(b3%'()3R=<Çf9(),9"#$&%'[+4A!/S!(&9%!$z#"C_#(b=-=W °=L=?(&=MO,%¨Ç 1i$b%!3+,3%'.9$&3++.3+%!#9:[=B0z"C_^"!i9(&$)B?DF^=B^%'%!$&()-=1^8=()s5'%!189:RCK%¨P=(&C4"C

Page 100: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

l ¦¨V

IP

850 393 397

B

866

854

X!¦§>

()-"=,]§/WYÉ ·¶%!3+IG %!C!,()/%'()3LMO!LG#,()-/H3%!9:]3=$)A<(&=-:PU ,(&CK3W\[ÈÌÊ(&3=®() #"#C_5R(& 3()() (b3K(&9:/+®!M?:P<%'-!%!$NA'%!9""C 9%!5G DR$&(&=%'i+,%'$)9:+,U1=3W

?#"!39:9:@(&3`!G#%!(&=1sWZ@=d$&%!3h3,()()3`%'d=K!(&CK(&31*GUB41"9(&-N=@(b+3,()()3!d(&9:,%!3(&=-^.1="#(&=-3[MCE3%!9:.+>19:%!3+.=N,#"C_#(b=-^"!i9()#9:B_DF=H=G %!CK3@%',8=!@%!$&()-179(&3$)Bi7^()sW 4Ä\Á¨¾3.19U4OÀÄ*½R¾¿\À/Á 4;.1*U,ÅÆÀZ,hÄ ZF=FX!¦§¨CE$&%!3+G %!C "31_M!¢.!#$)9:U$&(&=-i±QX!¦§!³(&3F%!$&()-=1I/+K=8(&IG/B7CK%¨P=(&CK(&3,(&=-88() ?#"!39:9:!W

ZF=jX!¦§¨C $&%!3+_G %!C "3+1MO!K3+%'+7z%',%'()±QX!¦§>¶³>(&3>%!$&3+]%!$&(&-=1¤=7()GUB¥CK%¨P=(&CK(b3(&=-H=?#"=!39:#9:!5¶=\DA!84G %!C $&%',(b3%'()®C*"3.e#,3+?G 4CK%!1K=<Ç9()a9"$&%'dGUBL%!1>]"3+(b=->=-¯VK#$&%'+0G MO!0=8()I+a%'­A'%!9""CÊ9%!sW

ZF=jX!¦!X'C $&%!3+>G %!C (&34%!$&()-=1¤=I+,%'¤GUBÆCK%¨P=(&CK(&3,(&=-j=z?#"!39:9:!5RDF()=®Ét¨VC %!1 É!´!´'Cu$&%!3+a3_G (&=-]"3+1%!3K#"C_z(&=-c$&%!3+,3W !L%!$&(&-C_/4z"= 3+3=L%!C_"/*!MFX!¦!X'#C $&(&-*%!9,(b=-­=H+,%'¤(&38(&#9:%!3+1 GUB]1"#9(&=-7=L \D4(& =1(b%'-=3+(&9dG %!C-!(&=-^+*=FDS%A!C_+\5<38%'R=NX!¦!X'CE(&/+3()B>%'R=F()H(&3%'#PUÇ(&Ci%'+$)Bj%H3,%'"=,%'()®(&/+3()B!W !?=43=$)A<(&=-K:P< ,(&C_/@=>(&/+3()Bj(&3@­1#"9:1+K!M`!,18 Z# E 3%'"=,%'(&j(&/+3()()3W »Q's»Q¼»(' ) ¾+*-,¶À/Ä/.1032.OÀ5416Z@SCi%'-=(&9e$&1>9%!_G S%!$&()-=14#%',%!$b$)$+0dÉt' !#Cw![X!¦§¨C $&%!3`1#()9:()sW [È*(&=9%!3+dS$b%!3+`h$b%',(&3%'()*(&3`CK%!1=d9(),9"#$&%'+09:%'+@%?1%',2*3+%'+dDF8=dCK%'-(&9e$&14(&3%!$&(&-=1_DF()K=N$&%!3R1(),9:()sW [ i=F9%!3+.!M =.X!¦§¨CE$&%!3+[=N1%',2>3%'+.(&3V % FIHKJ L % FIH()M`=4$&%!3+Nh$b%',(&3%'()­(&3 L WFT<(&CK(b$&%',$)B!5<=41%'2j3+%'+4M!N=4Ét' !#C$&%!3.(&3NXDC EGFIHKJ LMEGFIH()M=^$&%!3@ $&%',(&3%'(&L(b3 L W

ZF=*CK%'-#()"1=*!M=*CK%'-(&98e#$&1­9%!®G 81=+,Ci(&=1jGUBj%IX!¦§\ÇÉ!´!´I1%'273+#%!9:39%!¥%!3@1(&3,9"33+17(&­T<9:()AUW&'W

Page 101: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

l ¦t

393

850

854

866

397

PMT

20ms

5ms

5ms7ms

5ms

10ms

4 62t (ms)

16 20 30

6ms

−8 −4

10ms 10ms

PulseTime

X!¦§>

()-"=*§/WY¦ T==$)A<(&=-_3+¬U"=9:0(&CK(b=-_1(&%'-!,%!C7W

1^`_^ #fla` `#e< HbaZ@N3=$&AU(&-^#"$&3F3+¬U"=9:?(&3[3\DFL(& (&-"=?§/WY¦UWZF=N3+¬U"=9:?3+%'3DF(&i=?X!¦§*%!1É!´!´i$&%!3+,3d­+i9:U$=^()W[Z@=8X!¦§K$&%!3+F(&3@G#$)<92!1j%!1j=*X!¦§>$b%!3+F(&3@"#G#$&U9,2!17+,#%'0=^ !#"#$&%'()7(&I=8!M4ghCK%!¥3"=G#$)A!$b3S!M^-!"173%'+!W[ M`h!z"$&%'(),#%',%'()¥(&3@=!N¬/"#()17=>X!¦§>G %!C(&3dG#$)<92!1¥DF()­%i9%',1¥%'.%!$&$(&C_3WdZ@=4X!¦§>G %!CÊ(&3d=:P<SG#$)<92!1j%!#1I=^É!´!´_$&%!3+@(&3G#$&U9,2!1j%'M+F%'Wb[ S(b3d(&C_ !%!/R%'F=^É!´!´$&%!3S(b3["=a=1iDmc%'M+S=^X!¦§*$&%!3+S+>A!/S !#"$&%'()iG (&=-^!(b9%!$&$)BK#"#C_ 1_+>=XDC EGFIH Ci%!()MO$&1sW

¡ MO+^=KÉ!´!´7$&%!3+0(&3.G#$&U9,2!1c=K3=$)A<(&=-L$&%!3+,30%',>"#G#$&U9,2!1sW !^_G,()-/N,3+'Ç%!#9:43$)AU(b=-iC_=<1®=_Ét' L$b%!3+.C4"3+.G 8"=a=1­¥G M!,*=_X!¦!XL$&%!3+W^S%'>C4"3+G _%'2! +­A!/0=HÉt' j$&%!3^G (&=-I"Gz$)U9,2!1]DF(b$)*iX!¦§7%!1 É!´!´­$&%!3+,30%'H3+(&$&$s5%!3?(&3.3"$&3.(b®3,=$)A<(&=-I1"=4+7!(&9%!$`#"CK#(&=-HMC XDC EGFIH +7=iXDC FIH 3,=$)MA<(&%3+ /%!="3@19%B7MOCÊ=0V EGFIH $)A!$ W

¡ MO+N=43=$)A<(&=->#"#$&3+^(&3d MO!,C_1j=*3$)AU(b=-_$&%!3+,3N%'8G#$&U9,2!1­%!1­=*X!¦§i%!1É!´!´$&%!3+,3H%'­"/G#$)<92!1 +$)U!2ÆMO!H()?#"=!39:#9:!W Z@(b3K(&3>=¥e,3+_#!+C*"$&()#$&()±²ÌÍ­ZN³@9:"/(&=-i ,(&U1sWSZ@=4Ét¨VL$&%!3N(&3F=j"=a=1j¥+iCK\A!>%!B7 !#"$b%'()7MOC=S3=$&M$)A!$/%!#1:?z"=!39:9:S(&31=+9:+1_(&*=S3+9:1>ÌRÍ¥ZÆ9:"#(&-N ,()<1sW¶ZF=R3+9:#1ÌÍ­Z 9:"(b=-K ,()<17(&3d¬U"(),1I+i3"0%'F%'G#39:8!M?#"=!,39:9:8(&j=^e,3FÌRÍ¥Z9:"/(&=-c ,()<1%!9:"#%!$&$)B(&#1(&9%'+34()¤3=$)A<(&=-=5,%'=_%!¤%'G#39:I!MF() ?#"=!3,9:9:1"0+i%!=!=.9%!"3+83"#9,j%!3d^!M8$&%!3+,3FC_U1^=!#(&-=W

ZF=*Ét¨VI$&%!3+?(&3d=¥G#$)<92!1¥%!1j=49:BU9$&8 %'35h3+%'(&=-HDF()7*9:U$&(&=-_ ,()<1sWZ@3$)AU(b=-N3+¬U"=9:@(b3¶ %'+1_%?$&%'-!dU"C*Gh`!Mz(&C_35!"3"#%!$&$)BK ! <5MO!`%!9,K1#%'%N (&/(&¥!,1=.+IG#"(&$b1j"=¥%!®3+(bCK%'+>!M=>3=$)A<(&=-K#!G#%'G#(&$b()fB!W DR]%!9a]1%'%L (&.(&

Page 102: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

l ¦!´%>-()A!­39%!7=^!M=^9:C_z"=+F¢ ¡ S3F(&3SA¨%'a()1s59,#%!=-(&=-K%_$&%!3dM¬U"=9:BL!@(&/+3()B!W[ÈHCK3+9%!33S=NMO¬U"=9:B_!Ms=0X!¦!X4$&%!3+S(&3RA¨%',(&1H(&i!,1=+_CK%'H"R=?3%' @!M¶=3$)AU(b=->3+%!9:!W 1^` Mk&eU!+k f¨z ¶ 84d+kf#!s >Mks=!+k f[È7!,1=F+H1=+,Ci(&=?=^:P< ,(&C_/%!$s#%',%!CK+,3d9(b3+$)B!5()@DS%!3F9:33%'BI+K MO!,C,$&(&CK(&#%'B¥:P< ,(&C_/3*+®9a%',%!9:+,(&3LHG %!C (&/+3()()35$&%!3>1"(&=-35CK%'-(&9e$b17CK%'-()"1^%!171()9:(&s5=9'W »Q's»QPs»Q¼ PVP ,hÄ\À5,¶¿ .Ä Ã ¾=Ä 9U,Z@(&/+3(&fB0!M#SX!¦!X.$&%!3+%'`=S()49%!>Gh1=+,CK(b=1*(b*%./"#C8G !MD%\BU3W`ZF=1#()9:C_U1 (b3?+j#$&%!9:K%j9%!CK,%j%'^=H()c 3()()]%!1]CK%!3"=K_Gh%!C h¯DR*%!1 3+ !3(&«!5%!$&$)\DN(&=->=0G %!C (&/+3()Bi+KG 09%!$&9"$b%'+1j1()9:$&B!W [È7a%!9:(&9:0(&3d(&3d!dh3,3()G#$)3(b9:­=®9%!C_,%%!1 ¯DRIC_+I%'®$&U9%'+1 "=3(&1j=­A'%!9""C3+B<3++C7W [È3++%!1%G %!CK3+z$&()++[!S-$&%!3,3[#(b92!Dm­G MO!F=.A'%!9""CE3+BU3+CE(b3["3+1H+>(&CK%'-!?%8"?#9:()L!Ms=G %!CÊ%'d=^()I 3(&()sWT<(&CK(&$b%',$)B!5. ¯DR@!M=0G %!CÊ%'d=^()L 3()()I(&3S1=1#"9:1GUB7C_%!3"=,(b=->=^G %!C \D]"3+dG MO!^=^DN(&1=¯D!M^A¨%!9"#"C 3+B<3++C75#Ci%'2U(&-_=%'#!,(&%'+L9:!9:()MO!*H"?#9:()AU(&fB]!M@=LDF(&#1=\D^WjZF=iA'%!9""C 3+B<3++C DF(&1=¯DF3%'4%!()Ç "?9:()®9:%'+1®M!.,%!1(&%'(&j%'FV ! !Cj5h=¯DRA!01",(&=-_=*9:"=,3+*!M!ha%'()!MN+,%'I¯A!d=.$b%!3+Re#A!NB!%',3SNDF(b1=\DN3[%\A!.G 9:C_?3$&(&-$)B_9:%'+17DN()i9%!$&9(b"C753,"$)(&=-?(&_3+CK@$)33W`Z@=dC_%!3"1_+,%!3,CK()+%!9:d!Mh=dA'%!9""Cw3+B<3++CwDF(b1=\DN3(b3´!É -MO!SfD*DF(b1=\DN35DFF=.G %!C ¯DRd(&3RC_%!3"=1HG M!,N%!1L%'M+S=.A'%!9""CE3+BU3+C7W

ZF=(b1()9:CK=U14!M1=+aCK(&(&-@=dX!¦!XN(b+3,()fB^%'=S()*(b3¶+. M!aC %.3=$)A<(&=-:P< ,(&C_/@"3(&-4*X!¦!XK$&%!3W[Z@=8X!¦!Xi$&%!3+F(b3d#"$&31H/+i8()7MO!F%_2<=\DNj%!C_"/!MN(&C_7%!1=I!G#%'Gz(&$&()B®!MN=7()ÆGh(b=-®3,=$)A!1¤(&34C_%!3"=1 %!3_%®M²"9:()Æ!MN$b%!3+1="#(&=-=WÊZ@= 3,=$)A<(&=-!e#$)]%!3¥% $)!/+«(&%! $&(b=3%' ®DF()%!$&$?#%'a%!C_+,3j2<=¯DF:P=9:FMO!@=^$b%!3+F(&/+3()BL%!#17=^$&%!3+N$&(&=DF(b1=sW »Q's»QPs»(' P Âhį¾=Ä\ÀAW8Á¯ÀZS¾#Á¯¾=Ä>._9-, 0 .OÀZ, 0!â.+,CK(b(&=-Æ=¥"!H9()9:B!M*=¥##%',%'() !M^=c(&(&(&%!$F()#(&9j3+%'+ (&/+=¥!M8=ghCi%!­3"=Gz$)A!$&3d!M`=^-!,"1j3+%'+4(&3@1(Q!i9"$)5=%!3@#(&3@(&3d8¬/"#%!()B7%'@=*3=$)A<(&=-:P< ,(&C_/i(&3L1=3()-1+ÆCK%!3"=!W ZF=¥%',®=¯DRA!73+CK®(&#1()9:KC_%!3,"=3H!M0= !#"$b%'()3S(&I=^-!,"173+%'+3W

ZF=]e,3+7C_U1(&3I+ :P=%!CK(&]=]"!i9()9:B!M8]!(&9%!$0#"#C_#(&=-Æ!M*X!¦§>G %!C7W]Z@(b3*(&3* MO!,C_1ÆG/BCK%!3"=,(&-­=L,%'()c!M@=I() ?#"=!,39:9:IDF()Æ=7X!¦§>G %!C $&(&=%',$&B¥ $&%',(b3+1c+¥y?#"!39:9:HDF= LX!¦§>G %!C (&3*9(),9"$b%',$)B­ $&%'a(&3+1sW[ MN¥X!¦§> G %!C (b3>#"=$)B9(),9"$b%',$)B $&%',(b3+1s5[!W£-=W | 5%!#1 #%',%!$&$&$S+ =­CK%'-(&9e$b1¥1(&9:()j4()®3="#$&1­3++! ?#"!39(&=-H1"=8+I!(b9%!$¶#"#C_#(&=-K(b+L=4V % FIHKJ | % FIH$)A!$ WjZ@=K,3+9:i!M ?z"=!39:9:HDF==iG %!C(b389(),9"#$&%',$)B¥h$b%',(&3+1 (bC_#$&()3?(&= $&%',(b3%'()I(&C_#",()fB_!@Ci%'-=(&9?e$&1I1(&9:()ICK(&3%!$b()-C_/WZ@=0(&/+3()Bi!M¶8X!¦§>G %!C 1=+,CK(&3F=>3%',#=33F!M(&3F!(&9%!$#"C_z(&=-_3+#%!9:!W.ZF=8!(b9%!$¶#"#C_#(&=-3(&-%!$ (&3[#$)BK!G#3+,A!17()M=0(&3S=4"=+?"=S!M=?V % FIHKJ | % FIH?$)A!$Q5=(QW£!W()M?%!CK"S!MN®! # h$b%',(&3+1L$&()-/R#3+/S(bi=^X!¦§>]G %!C (&3SC4"9,7$)3,3R#%!7%43,%'"=,%'()I(&/+3()B!W[ Ms=.+!%!$s(&+#3()fB_!Ms?X!¦§>®G %!C (&3[$)¯D^5U!M!,1=S%*3,%'"=,%'()I(&/+3()B!5/.(&CK#"=,()B!M. $&%',(&3%'(&9%!GhI$b%'()A!$)BÆ#()-s5!M.!,1=j.-L5S%!1 %!¤!(&9%!$@#"C_#(b=-¥3(&-%!$S9%!3+(b$&$¶G >!G#3+,A!1sW:[ M=K(b+3,()fB­(b30()-®=c=> $&%',(&3,%'()­z"=,()B­C*"#3+?Gh>G ++5s!M

Page 103: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

l ¦§!,1F <W =.-L5z(bH!a1=@+K3,"=?%'@=,^(&3dC*"#9,j$)3,3d%!j%_3%'",%'()j(&/+3(&fBij=+,%!#3()()3S"@!M^V % FIHKJ | % FIH^3+%'+!W¡ $&%'+1c9:3(b1=,%'()®(&3N= ¡ /0Í :P<(&9:()®9:U"!i9()/5¶(QW£!W?=4,%'()I!M=4 \D(&i=Fe#,3+[!a1=1#( mha%!9:+1KG %!C"[!M= ¡ /0Í DFK= ¡ /0Í (&3RDmj+*DN=K= ¡ /0Í(&3?W4Z@_X!¦§7$&%!3+0G %!CK30%'K3+DN()9,=1c]%!#1cDm¤"3,(&=- ¡ /0Í­353(&#9:43+K%!$&$)¯D ()-3+DN()9,(b=-*3+ 13W`ªN\DA!5== ¡ /0Í1=/3=!S9:C_#$)+$&BK:PU(b=-"(&3i=.Gh%!CpDF=L()(&3"=a=17Dm`5z(&Ia%!9:(&9:*%!­:PU(&#9:()7,%'()i!M`%'#P=(&CK%'+$&B® Z# E (&3d!G#3+,A!1sWRZH(&#9:%!3+=­:PU(&#9:()s5S=­CK%!3+LX!¦§ ¡ /^Í (&3K"3+1 (&% 1="G#$)I#%!33H9:=e-"=,%'(&sW°TUz%',%'+¡ /0Í¥3%'Nz$&%!9:1i(&K=.X!¦§89:/$b(&=-8%!1H!(&9%!$##"C_z(&=-?G %!CK3[3+*%'=FG %!CK3R9%!iG 3+DN()9,=1­(&1= 1=/$)B!WZ@U"3@1",(&=->=^3+%'+*#%'a%'()j3+%'-!*!M83+¬U"=9:^=4X!¦§9:U$&(&=-8Gh%!Cp(&3%'++U"%'+1LG/B_%*3(&=-$) ¡ /^Í W ¡ MO+RN3+%'+N#%',%'(&i3+%'-!.=FCK%!3+¡ /0Í (&3_3DF()9,1¤Dm5S3+]%'_%!9a X!¦§cG %!C :P< ,()9:3_%c+!%!$F!MN=,j3(&=-$)I#%!3,3+3=,"=-I%! ¡ /^Í 5=MO!d%*+!%!$ :P<(&9:(&H!M!,1=0 # WR©.UU1L:P<(&9:()L!M=^X!¦§8$b%!3+d(&3(&CKh!,%!S1"=,(b=-8=?3=$&AU(&-8<9:33G 9%!"3+0()S9%!I1(&3+,()G#"=+N=.h!z"$&%'()HG fD=i-!"1 3%'+IghCK%!Æ3"=G#$&A!$&35%!1 3,(&9:K()8(b309$)3+K+¥3+%!9:i=i$&%!3+*(&+#3()fB1=U3S=!S=1L+4G NA!BH(&-KMO!#(&3[+_%'#hWZ@0S$&G#39,=Ç ©.!,1%!L9:/"!H9()3MO!S=+,%!#3()()3?G DRV % FIHK%!1]V % FIHK%'H3"9, %'81=9%\B]MC =K:P=9()+13+%'+H(&30fDN(&9:%!30$&(&2!$)Bj+j$)%!1®+7 !#"$&%'(&¥CK()P<(&-i%!]1=9%\B¥+74!a()-(&%!$ghCK%!]3"G#$)A!$QW ¡ 30%9:3¬/"=#9:!5$)B^!Mz!,1=@#=!+_13+0GhS39%'++1i1"=,(&-F=d$)=-!4!Mz=d3=$)A<(&=-#"#$&3+@(&_!a1=[MO!R@ !#"$&%'()K+8G FCK( P<1_G fDH=?ghCi%!H3"G#3+%'+35/1"9(&-0=%!1"=@"!i9()#9:B!W

ZF=0#=!+j3,9%'++,(&=-Ka%'+^j=8X!¦§_+,%!3(&()7(&3S-()A!­G/B

u H

V H E %

X HV H o E

X E % o E ' V!XDo E Í­3"#&%

± §/WY!¦³

ZF=F ,()<1_!M(bC_FDFF=0X!¦§*$&%!3+S9%!H3,9%'++d#=!+3%!1H1(&3++a()G#"=+d=. !#"<Ç$&%'(&KG fDK=N-!"1i3+%'+.3,"=G#$)A!$&3(b3!M !,1=. !CK35/9:F=N39%'++,(&=-*,%'+N13+_G 0$)33S%!]?z=!+j(&c !CK35( W£!W@ ! !ªF«!WSZ@(&3(&C_z$&()3R%'d=8X!¦§>(&/+3(&fBHC4"3+SG $)3,3d%!­ Z# 3%'"=,%'()­(&+#3()()3W[ M=^()j(&3S##%'1IDF(&7%!$&$ !#"$&%'()L(&I=8V % FIHKJ | % FIH 3+%'+80,%'+^!M:P<9()%'(&+¤=c3=$)M01"­+¤3(&=-$)¥#=!+ :P<9(&%'()G/BcX!¦!X$&%!3+LDF(&$b$@1( m iMOC=¥9%!3

DF@%!$&$<=@ !#"#$&%'()>3+%'3R(&>=@V % FIHKJ #&% FIH $)A!$Q51"d+^=@1( m /RS$)G#3,9,<Ç ©.!a1%!9:U"!i9()/3>M!>:P=9()%'()¤"=4!MFHDR $)A!$b3W]Z@(&3*nmh9:>DF(b$&$$&B]GhL!G#3+,A!1ÆDN==.!Gz%'G#(&$&()B>!M¶3=$)A<(&=-*(&3R$&\D^5=%!3 !#"$&%'()i+,%!3+MOMCpV % FIHKJ #&% FIH.+>V % FIHKJ | % FIHNDF(&$&$<99"=F%'MO+N%'G "=^0z=!+j(&3@3,9%'++1j­=0+,%!3(&()IM,CÊV % FIHKJ #&% FIH +KV EGFIHKJ | % FIH W »Q's»QPs»QP hº ,hÄ\À5,¶¿ .Ä Ã ¾=Ä 9U,T<(bCK(&$&%'R+_=^X!¦!X>$&%!3+5<=^Ét' _$&%!3+@(b+3,()fBi%'d?(&L9%!IG ?C_%!3"=,1H(&=@1()9:$&B!8(b1()9:$&B!W4Z@K1()9:^C_U1](&3?i3%!C_K%!38M!^iX!¦!X7$&%!3+5(QW£!WKC_%!3"=,_=i3+ !3(&«K!MRHÉt' ­$&%!38%'8=_+a%' 3()()5%!1 C_%!3"_=K \D8!MS=iÉt' ¥$&%!3+^-!(b=-(&/+K=0+a%'5#9:!9:(b=-_M!F=^"?9:(&j%'@=^A'%!9""C~9%!7DF(&1\DF3W

¡ (&#1()9:_C_=<1 !M?C_%!3"=a(&=-c=­(&/+3(&fB!M?=­Ét' !#C $&%!3+H%'K=­() (b3_G/B"3,(&=-_=>Ét' i$&%!3+.%!3F^!M=8,#"C_#(b=-4$b%!3+,3F(b7=4X!¦§ Ét' Ét¨VA?#"=!39:#9:*9:B<9$)!W

Page 104: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

l ¦!ÉZ@*X!¦§_$&%!3N(&3@1"=17MOCÊ3%!9:8GUB7%!$)M`%!­%'+CK(b9^$&(&=DN(&1=s5UDF(&$&.4Ét¨VH$b%!3+(&3K2!K,3+%!9:!W ZF=jMO¬/"9:BÆ!M.=¥Ét' Æ$&%!3+i(b3_=39%!#=1 \A!L=­%'+Ci(&93%!9:!WZ@=FMO"$b$/DN(&1=K%'[#%!$)MhCi%¨P<(&C4"Cw!Ms?#"=!3,9:9:@!ez$)dA!,3"3Ét' 81="#(&=-= \A<(&1=30%­C_%!3"=_!MS=K(b+3,()fB®!MRiÉt' ­$&%!3+*%'^=K()±²%7G ++4C_=<1](&31(b39"33+17(b­TU9:()¥§/WYUW UWYU5 ()-"=*§/W&´³aW 1^` 4`dVkf#!s Xk e<Ui[bkZ@>3,=$)A<(&=-i:P< ,(&C_/?(&A!$&A!3.%7U"C*G N!MR#%',%'+!,B¥3++#3?+IG > M!aC_1­G MO!=*3=$)A<(&=-4:PU ,(bC_@(&3+$)M 5<%!3N1=39:,(&Gh1LG $)¯D^W

ÀUÁ¨¾V4;4SÁ>9&0À 6Á¯ÀÌ#%',8$&%!3+F3BU3++Ci35="=,I¥CK%'-=(&90e#$&1sW·%!1­(&3d"3(&-4z=!+()(&3,%'()sWZ"=,IDmc#=!+()(b3%'()7$&%!3+a3W C_ 3%'+8(&7CK(&9:C_!(&j%!1j%!$&(&-IGh%!Ci3dj()sW ¡ $&(&-7CK%'-=(&90e#$&1IDF()jÉt' H$&%!3+W¤Íj%!3"^G %!CÊ \D,3F(bjX!¦!X_%!1­Ét' iGh%!Ci3W T<(&=-$)?#!+j3=$)A<(&=->:P< ,(&C_/W a()-F3+%!9:*3=$)A<(&=-4:PU ,(bC_W

½9#¾+6.;, * SÁ/9&0ÀZ6¶Á¨ÀZ"=ajc%!$&$¶$b%!3+,3*±QX!¦!XU5¶X!¦§/5Ét' <5Ét¨V=5¶É!´!´U5X!É!¦L%!1jV!X³N%!1®1(&%'-=3(&90¬U"()#C_/±1 %A!C_+5dJ />53+ 9:+,"CÊ%!%!$)B<3+,3 ³

Z"N$&%!3+a3[+>9:!9:SMO¬/"9()3H= %A!C_+\WZ@#(&3CK%\Bi(&/A!$)A!N+CKha%'"=!F-!,%'(&-_fD%'2U3.()M=^$&%!3+,3F%A!8!@G j"3+1IMO!F%_MOD 1%\BU3W

¤Í­%¨P=(&CK(&38$&%!3+. \D,3F%'.=8+a%'­GUBj%!1>]+"#3+(&=-K%!$&(&-C_/@="=-¥!(&9%!$¶eG3@!¡ /0Í­3WRZ@(b3(b3@"3"%!$b$)BK$)BL=9:33%',BLMO!@=4X!¦§>$&%!3+W

·%!1 +,%' "3(b=-]#=!+()#(&3%'() $&%!3,35S%!1 "=¥(&X!¦§ $b%!3+i9$)3+­+3+#%!9:!W·<92I=*X!¦§K%!1jÉ!´!´K$&%!3,3d+K=(&dM,9:89%A<()()3W

C_ 3%'+^^()jCK(&9:,C_!()7%!1j%!$b()-I=*X!¦§K%!1jÉ!´!´K$&%!3,3d7=*()sW ¡ $&(&-I=83=$&AU(&->$b%!3+,3Sj^()j"3(b=-*8C_=<13@1=3,9:,()G 1I%'Gh¯A!!W·<92®=KX!¦!XI%!1 Ét' 7$&%!3+,3.+7=(&?9%\AU(&()35%'0MO,(&=-!3?1="1®%'G "=_\©?ªN«_MOC3+%!9:!W

Z"=aIj=^CK%'-(&90e$&179:(b$&3@9:U$&(&=->DS%'+.%!1Ie#$&179:(&$&3W ¡ $&(&-ÆjCK%'-=(&9Ie$b1Æz%',%!$&$)$R+]=­Ét' $&%!3_Gh%!C "#3(&=-¥!(&9%!$S#"CK#(&=-®%!31=39:,()G 17%'G \A!!WdS=9,2H%'F(&3@%!$&3_-()A!3@-!UU1¥X!¦§> !(&9%!$#"C_#(b=-=W

¤Íj%!3"?=?h¯DRd!M¶=^Ét' _$&%!3+GhMO!?=.+,%'5=%!1I%!1>]"3+=.h¯DRd!M=0X!¦!X$&%!3+^+®%'Gh"K ! ! G M!__+,%'Æ"3,(&=-I=_DS%A!#$&%'+I3+#$b()+(&=-L=_G %!C (&/+=^:P<ha(&C_/@%!171(&%'-=3(&9?#%'3W

Page 105: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

l ¦!¦

Â.;, *-4À S 9#Ä 9U,¿ ÀZ4 .;, *¿SÀZ0!Ä\ÁÅ $&U9,2i=?G %!C-!(b=-_(&+4=0X!¦§>cG %!Cpz%'L%!#1HGz$)U9,2_=^Ét' >$&%!3+SG %!Cp"R!M=^eG,!W

¤Íj%!3"j=­X!¦!X3(&=-$)L#=!+ 3=$)A<(&=-c3+ 9:+,"C7WÍ­%!3"=7jM,¬/"=#9:B!M.=X!¦!X$&%!3ijD%\A!C_+7%'i=®3+%'i%!#11 3(&()3>!M0=­3,9%!+!G#%!(&=H9%!$&(&G,%'()cG fDÆX!¦!X­¢ ¡ A!$)%'-!L%!#1 $&%!3+*M¬U"=9:B!Wy[ #9$&"1=>=i%'+Ci(&93+%!9:*(&I=839%!­,%!=-!!W

N/G#$)<92K?X!¦§>®G %!C %!1H3N $&%',(b3%'()_+>=.!M=?9(),9"$b%'[ $&%',(&3,%'()3WJ@ %'@=83,=$)A<(&=->39%!sWJ@!%'+4=0 $&%',(&3%'(&I!M=4X!¦§> G %!C +i=0!F $&%',(&3,%'()sWJ@ %'@=83,=$)A<(&=->39%!sW

ÁD._* hÄHÁ¨À/¿ 9U,¾V, 0À¥¿ À54 .;, *Æ¿ SÀ 0Ä\Á Å TUNX!¦!XK%!#1jÉt' i$&%!3+Fh$b%',(&3%'()#3R+H9(),9"$&%'\W $)<92I=4X!¦§> G %!C7W¢N"#=^=*Ét' H$&%!3+8\©0ªF«^+i=^17!M=8%'+Ci(&903+#%!9:!WÌ,M!,C %IG#,()-/N3%!9:_3=$)A<(&=-L39%!cDF()®=KX!¦!XI$&%!3^1="=1®+7CK%'9, =1="(&-4!M`=8Ét' H$&%!3+W~[ M`=K3()-%!$¶(&3S!G#3+A!1j+BI=0!=.X!¦!XK $&%',(&3%'(&sW

/?9:*%H3()-%!$¶(&3d!G#3+,A!1¥"/G#$)<92L=*h!z"$&%'()I,#%',%'()­Gh%!C%!1j,h%'F=39%!sW[Z@j9,%!-!^+K=^!F !#"$&%'(&H##%',%'()7%!#17 %'W

1^` hcVf'[Qgf »Q's»bº »Q¼ Â.;, *-4OÀ W 9Ä/9U, Â À54 .;, *Z@?3,=$)A<(&=-^,%'+^1#"=N+K3,(&=-$)N#=!+I:P=9()%'()IMOCE=^X!¦!X>$&%!3+S¯AU(&13(b=M!aCK%'()%'G "==^X!¦!X>(&/+3()Bi%!1Hh$b%',(&3%'()5/%!1L"!i9()#9:Bi!M,#%',%'()L!M=0%'+CK(b9.3%'+(&/+4=?!M=^ghCK%!I3"=G#$&A!$&3[!M¶=N-!,"1L3+%'+!WRZ@N1( m 9:.!M¶3$)AU(b=-^,%'+?MOC=?DRHghCi%!73"=G#$)A!$b3R(&H=03(&-$)F#!+H#U9:3,3d%',(&3+31"=.+_=01( m ,(&=->S$)G#39a<Ç©.!a1%!I9:/"!i9(&3MO!:P=9()%'()L"=!M=?1(&3(&9:-!"#1H3%'+3SDF()X|$&()-/WZ@%'S(&35=i+,%!3()(&c,%'+i(&30(&-=^MO!8%7-()A! $b%!3+8(&/+3()B¥MO!^+,%!#3()()3?MOC V % FIHKJ | % FIH +V % FIHKJ | EGFIH^%!­()@(&3SMO!@=^+,%!#3()()IMOCÊV % FIHKJ #&% FIH?+HV % FIHKJ | % FIHW/?(&9%!$#"C_z(&=-KMOC V % FIHKJ #&% FIH +7V % FIHKJ | % FIH <99"=,30%'MO+^%HMOD?#"=!,39:9:_9:BU9$&353+I=_ !#"#$&%'()­1#(&39:,(&Ci(&%'()¥(&3.$)Bj!G#3A!1cM!^3,CK%!$&$:P<9()%'(&c,%'+3W ()-"i§/W& 3\DF3?=¯D 4%!C_"#?!M "$&%'(&­3=$&A!1¥MOC%!9,c-!"#1¥3%'+K3"=G#$)A!$1= 13N=LX!¦!Xj$&%!3+*(&+#3()fB®%!1]=H$&%!3+81="#(&=-=W_Z@=K$&=-!]!MS=K3=$&AU(&-Lz"$&3+_(&3_

%!1j=8$&%!3+@(b+3,()fBzo ErE ° &8(bI=^$)\DFz$)!3W ()-"8§/W&!^3=¯DF3S=?:PU ,(bC_%!$h3,"$)3M!@%>,$&%'()A!$)BL$)=-4#"$&3+.(&C_?!MS !CK3W~[

9%!­Gh^37%'@=*%'-!C_/FG fDj=8:PU ,(&CK%!$s%!1j=!(&9%!$9"A!3F(&3S-!U<1s5DF(&* !#"#$&%'()41(&39:,(bCK(&%'()^Gh(b=-N!Gz3+A!1_(&4=SDF(&-3!Mz=@3=$&AU(&-F3+#%!9:!WZ@=3%'",%'()j$&(bCK()3=0-()IDN=^"3+M²"$ (&=MO!,CK%'(&L9%!­G .!G#%!(&=17+_=0DN(&=-3S!M=3%!9:!W ()-"0§/W&>3,=\DF3=.3"#$)3[MO!d%4#"$&3+N(&C_.!M[ 3WDF(&i=01=$b%BKMO!S=?Ét' _$b%!3+

3U"=++F3(&$&$h3+/@(&I=0z"$&3+?3+¬U"=9:!W[Z@#(&3S3/"++F1=$&%\BL%!11#3d%'\P<(&Ci%'+$)BI'Ci3d+

Page 106: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

l !

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.250

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

I393

She

lved

pop

ulat

ion

tp=10µ s, δ

393=0

S1/2,−1/2

S1/2,+1/2

0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.250

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

I393

She

lved

pop

ulat

ion

tp=10µ s, δ

393=−Γ/2

S1/2,−1/2

S1/2,+1/2

−300 −200 −100 0 100 200 3000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

δ393

(MHz)

She

lved

pop

ulat

ion

I393

=0.1, γ393

=0

S1/2,−1/2

S1/2,+1/2

−300 −200 −100 0 100 200 3000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

δ393

(MHz)

She

lved

pop

ulat

ion

I393

=0.1, γ393

=10MHz

S1/2,−1/2

S1/2,+1/2

()-"=,@§/W& N `#$)!3 3=$)A!1> !#"#$&%'()4M,C¹%!9,K-!,"1>3+%'+FA<3X!¦!X0$&%!3(&+#3()fB%'4e=P<1Æ1="#(&=- ErE W­·¯DR_#$&!3 3=$)A!1Æ !#"$&%'() MC %!9,¤-!,"13%'+LA<3>X!¦!X$&%!3F1="(b=-_%'@e=P<1j(&/+3()Byo ErE ° &'W

=4(&C_4G fD®=*##%',%'()¥#"$b3+8%!1¥=>3=$)A<(&=-Kz"$&3+!WFZF=*3U"=++01=$&%\Bj(&3.=!¬U"(),1i(&i=N3(b=-$)@#!+i:P< ,(&C_/[G#"[(&3=9:33%'BK(bi=NG,()-/3%!9:?3=$)A<(&=-C_U1s53K=^nm 9:F!M`(&3d1$&%BIC*"#3+@G ^1=+,CK(b=1sW[N9%!jG ^3+7%'F=8(&3@-!/<1%'-!CKG fDi=N:PU ,(bC_%!$#%!1K=!,(&9%!$z9"A!35/\DA!F=(&3+N(&_=.1%'%CK%'2!3N()@1( !H9"$)S+K!G#3+,A!^+K !#"$&%'(&L1#(&39:,(&Ci(&%'()sW

T=(&=-$)4#=!+ 3,=$)A<(&=-L:PU ,(&CK3?D_ MO!,C_1®M!*%I,%!=-!_!M#"$&3+4(&C_38%!1]%9:3%!I$&%!3+Hh¯DRH!M8 & 5C_%!3"=,1 ]+"#3+i%'MO+H=¥A¨%!9"#"Cu9%! :P<()iDF(&1=¯D^W ZF(&33"$&1K%\A!?3"$)+1i(&i%'#P=(&CK%'+$)BK(b1=(b9%!$=e++1I$&%!3+(&+#3()()3[¬/"#()1_+4<1"9:%¥=!(&9%!$S9"=,A!H+cCK%'9,=L:P<ha(&C_/%!$[1%'%<WcªF¯DRA!\5[=Le++1$&%!3+>(&+#3()fBDS%!34M"#1]+¥G L(&9:%!3+1M!4=H:PU ,(&CK38h,M!,CK1 %'4$&\DE#"$&3+i(&C_3WjZ@#(&30DS%!3(&/+,+1¥%!3?G (&=-H%!®(b1(&9%'()­!M=_X!¦!XL$&%!3+?9%!"3(&=-I3=$&AU(&-i1"=,(b=-_=4(&C_4%'= ¡ /^Í (b30=CK(&%!$b$)B7DmWKZF(&3.nmh9:*DR"#$&1®GhK$b%'-!^%'83CK%!$b$z"$&3+>(&C_3?G 9%!"3_=%!C_"#!Mh3=$)A<(&=-.U99",(&=-?1"=,(b=-F=d3$)AU(b=-Nz"$&3+RDR"$b1*G d9:C_#%'a%'G#$)S+0=d%!C_"/<99"=,(&-L1",(&=-H=_C*"9ac$)=-!0 ,()<1j%'0 ¡ /^Íu(&3?=CK(b%!$&$)BIDm`W !^:P=%!C_#$)!5s()M=4#"$b3+0(&C_4(&3*3N=¥=¥6ÈDm[;I$&%!3.(&/+3(&fBj9%!¥Gh4%!3N$&\D¹%!34 Z# E (&C_3N=c6È;(&/+3(&fBI%!1j3+(&$b$zG ^1=+9:+1¥3(&9:0^(&C_0%'F= ¡ /0Í (&3K6ÈDm[;K(b3@%'G "=^CK3W

ZF(&30/B/ !=3(b3NDS%!38(bA!3+(&-%'+1]G/B® MO!,CK(&=-I%j3(b=-$)4#=!+ 3$)AU(b=-H:P< ,(&C_/DF(& %9:C_#%',%'(&A!$)B ()-$&%!3+L \D5N & %'M+I=®A¨%!9"#"C 9%!5N%!1%z"$&3+¥(&C_!MI 3W Z@(b37$&%!3+7 \D­9:!3h#1=1°+ % $&%!3+¥(&+#3()fB !M*!a1= # H 3%'"=a%'()

Page 107: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

l =

−400 −200 0 200 400 6000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

2µ W tp=1000µ s, I

393=0.0211

δ393

(MHz) (approx)

She

lved

Pop

ulat

ion

−400 −200 0 200 400 6000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

δ393

(MHz) (approx)

She

lved

Pop

ulat

ion

−400 −200 0 200 400 600−0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

δ393

(MHz) (approx)

Res

idua

ls

−400 −200 0 200 400 600−0.5

0

0.5

δ393

(MHz) (approx)

Diff

()-"=,L§/W&! Z¶!¤$)MO :P< ,(&C_/%!$[1#%'%<WjZ¶!,()-/ e#^+­:P< ,(&C_/%!$[1%'%<Wj¢?%!31$&(b=@(&3 !#"#$&%'()K3$)A!1KMOCpV % FIHKJ | % FIH 5U3$&(&1K$&(b=@(&3 !#"#$&%'()K3$)A!1KMOCpV % FIHKJ #&% FIH W !++C $)MO J@3(b1"%!$&3!M`edDF()j=83+F1#(&3+#$&%!9:17"/DS%',13SGUB]'W !#"$&%'()I3$)A!1MOC V % FIHKJ | % FIH 5 h!z"$&%'()^3,=$)A!14M,C V % FIHKJ #&% FIH W !++Cw,(&- 1( m 9:R(b*3$)A!1 !#"$b%'()I3+%'(&=-_MOC 1#( mh,d-!"#1j3+%'+3W

(&/+3(&()3W°Z@=j %'23=$&A!1 !#"$&%'()%!9,=1%'G "=HÉ' - DF==®X!¦!X ¡ /0Í DS%!3#"#$&3+11"=a(&=-®=j3=$)A<(&=-c:P< ,(&C_/W =¤¥X!¦!X ¡ /0Í DS%!3_2!i(&¤6ÈDm[;3+%'+®1"=,(b=-c=­3=$&AU(&-¥:P< ,(&C_/5Rj %'23$)A!1 !#"$&%'(&¤%!9,=1 V -LW ZF(&31=CK3++,%'+1­%'@=8X!¦!Xi$&%!3+@DS%!3F3$)AU(b=-*A!­DF=I= ¡ /0Í D%!3N=CK(&%!$b$)BKDm`W

ZF=­:P< ,(&C_/_D%!3L %'+1 DF()¥$&%!3+H \DH1#"9:1GUB% M²%!9:+!H!MK ! <5NG/B%!1>]"3+(b=-?=@DS%A!#$&%'+?3+#%'a%'(&=-0=@G %!C (b+^@:PU ,(bC_%!$=%!#1K1(&%'-=3(&9d9:C_ 'Ç=/35 %!1¥=43,=$)A<(&=-_#"$b3+^(&C_4(&9:%!31j+]CK3W[ .D%!3NM"#1j%'.MO!N(b3N3(&"%'()=>3=$&AU(&-^D%!3!G#3A!1iDN=i?X!¦!X ¡ /0Í DS%!32!d(&KL6ÈDm[;>3+%'+!W[Ë."C_a(&9%!$#+333\D1 (&30$b%!3+^ \D*%!1 #"$&3+>(&CK_D%!3*%I-!/<19a=(&9:KMO!8"3+K(b %IG,()-/03+#%!9:3$)AU(b=->:PU ,(&CKW »Q's»bº »(' ÁD.1* hÄ 3LÀ/¿ 9U,¾V, 0À ÀZ4 .;, * SÀUÁ>.²ÅÆÀZ,hÄ ,()-/?3+%!#9:>3,=$)A<(&=-K:P< ,(&C_/3FD> MO!,C_1¥DF()®%Ha%!=-!>!MR$&%!3+. \D,35s 'Ç$&%'a(&3%'()35Uz"$&3+?(&C_3F%!1j1="#(&=-3d(&I!,1@+K+BL+Ke#1I^!(&C4"CÊ3+"=­M!N-!/<1%!1"=@"!i9()#9:B!W

Page 108: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

l

−800 −600 −400 −200 0 2000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

2µ W tp=10µ s, I

393=0.0385

δ393

(MHz) (approx)

She

lved

Pop

ulat

ion

−800 −600 −400 −200 0 2000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

δ393

(MHz) (approx)

She

lved

Pop

ulat

ion

−800 −600 −400 −200 0 200−0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

δ393

(MHz) (approx)

Res

idua

ls

−800 −600 −400 −200 0 200−0.5

0

0.5

δ393

(MHz) (approx)

Diff

()-"=,L§/W& Z¶!¤$)MO :P< ,(&C_/%!$[1#%'%<WjZ¶!,()-/ e#^+­:P< ,(&C_/%!$[1%'%<Wj¢?%!31$&(b=@(&3 !#"#$&%'()K3$)A!1KMOCpV % FIHKJ | % FIH 5U3$&(&1K$&(b=@(&3 !#"#$&%'()K3$)A!1KMOCpV % FIHKJ #&% FIH W !++C $)MO J@3(b1"%!$&3!M`edDF()j=83+F1#(&3+#$&%!9:17"/DS%',13SGUB]'W !#"$&%'()I3$)A!1MOC V % FIHKJ | % FIH 5 h!z"$&%'()^3,=$)A!14M,C V % FIHKJ #&% FIH W !++Cw,(&- 1( m 9:R(b*3$)A!1 !#"$b%'()I3+%'(&=-_MOC 1#( mh,d-!"#1j3+%'+3W

½¾¿ÀUÁ W9U4O¾ÁD.O¿¾=Ä/.19-,¶¿ Z@=79(),9"#$&%'>h$b%',(&3%'()#38!M.=jX!¦!XU5SX!¦§> %!1Ét' ]DS%A!#$&%'+3D?3+"#3(&=--¯V>D%\A!#$&%'+3d(&i=.Gh%!Ci3&]"3+RGhMO!N=FA'%!9""CE9%!sWb°(&$&3=FDS%A!:Ç#$b%'+¥3++(&-3H=11+!G%!(& 9(&,9"$&%'K $&%'a(&3+1$&(&-KD¥2U=¯DFs5d()HD%!3L=!i2<=¯DF,9(&3+$)B7DF#(&9,¥ $&%',(&3%'(&­3+3*D"$&1­Gh>3+c%'?=>()¥1#"=8+7"9:,%!(&B¥(&­=>1( Ç9:(&]!MRKCK%'-=(&9>e$b1sW*ªN\DA!5`G/B¥!G#3+A<(&=-I=K3,()MO.(&cMO¬U"=9:B¥!MR=K3,(&=-$)#!+®3,=$)A<(&=-K %'2j%!3?=_X!¦!XHD%\A!#$&%'+_DS%!3.%!1D]+"3+1­G fDc()3.fD79(),9"$&%'N $&%',( Ç3%'(&j1()9:(&35()SDS%!3@ 33()Gz$)N+H1=+,CK(&0=^3+3+8!M=8h$b%',(&3%'()L!M`(&3SG %!C7W[ Mh=@X!¦!X0$&%!3+[#%!3~ L $&%'a(&3%'()*=@3(&-$)S#=!+>+,%!3()>%'$)%!13`+*3=$)A<(&=-.(&3

MOCEV % FIHKJ L % FIH +4V EGFIHKJ LMEGFIH WJF$&%'()A!.+4N«>e$b1K+,%!3,()()H=-!B!5<=3+.+,%!3+(&3%\A!>ghCi%!j3()MO3S!M[¸ ­Í¥ªF«!W ÀU¾#Å 6 .OÁ¨À 0!Ä>._9-,¶¿ Z@=7G %!Cu1(&9:()3>MO!K=7Ga()->3%!9:­3$)AU(b=-¥:P< ,(&C_/%'®3=¯DF (& (&-"=®§/WYÉUWZ@=­G#"$)2!M?=­Ga()-_,3+%!9:®3=$)A<(&=-]:P< ,(&C_/3_D MO!,C_1®1"=,(b=-K=>$&%'++?#%'.!MR' ! I%!1®=>3+%'.!M' ! XUW@[È()(&%!$¶:PU ,(bC_3ND MO!,C_1HDF()i=?X!¦§>®G %!C %!1IX!¦!X8G %!C 9:"/+S!#%'-%'(&-*+>=0Ét' 4Gh%!CjW`ZF(&3%!1®=_%!1=A'%!/%'-!_%'?=_%¨PU3?!MR=>X!¦§> %!#1cÉt' IG %!CK3?9:"$b1¥G *#%',%!$&$)$DF()¥%!9,!=0%!1­=*Ci%'-=(&9*e$&1s5#3H%'N=>CK%¨P<(bC*"C~ 33()G#$&. $&%'a(&3%'()7z"=,()BI9:"#$&1jG

Page 109: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

l X!G%!(b=1c(&­3+>Gh%!Ci3W0Z@=_X!¦!XLGh%!C DS%!30%'0%!®%!-$)>!M[%'G "=^X +I=KX!¦§>¤G %!C

=L $&%',(&3,%'()]#"=a()fBc!M@(b3^G %!C (b3*=!4%!3>(&C_ !%!/*%!3*=Hz"=,()B®!MF=LÉt' ®G %!C1"0+i=8C4"9a­$)¯DRNh¯DRN!M*X!¦!XKG %!C7WRªF¯DRA!5 ()@DS%!3@7%!$&(&317%'F(&j(&3%'a%!=-!C_/*=H3(&1#"%!$¢.!#$)*nmh9:>D"$&1 %\A!HHCK%¨P=(&C4"C G,%!1=(&=-7nm 9:>=>DR7#!+c+,%!3()(&¥1"*+I=KX!¦!XI%!1]Ét' j$&%!3,35 DF(&9a­D"$&1®G >1=+,(&C_/%!$+=8%!1="=d"!i9(&9:B!W

ZF=>Ét' LG %!C D%!3.$&U9%'+1]3+L%'0().+,1¥4()®+,%'c-(&­=,"=-®=43,%!C_A'%!9""C 9%!DF(b1=\DE%!38LX!¦§>%!1ÆX!¦!X­G %!CK3W7Z@=HÉt' ®G %!C DS%!3*=H!=>3(&1=!M@LX!¦§> Gh%!C +®=LX!¦!X¥G %!C75`%'4%®3(&CK(b$&%'^%!=-$)!W­ZF=HCK%'-(&9Ke$b1 DS%!34%!$b()-=1%!$)- = 1()9:(&°!M*=Ét' Gh%!C "#3(&=-!(&9%!$0z"C_#(&-=5F(&C_#$&BU(&-%'7= (b()(&%!$3+%'+H#%'a%'()cDR"#$&1]=!0G _:P<%!9:$&B®z"=_1"=>+j=KCi(&3%!$&()-#C_?G fD iX!¦§> $&%',(b3%'()I%¨P<(b3@%!17=^1#()9:()I!M=8CK%'-(&9?e$&1sWZF(&3nmh9:.(&3S1#(&9:+1I+KG 0=H.- $)A!$1"0+K=83Ci%!$&$s%!=-$)0G fDj^fDi%¨P<3W½9 ,hÄ\À5,¶¿ .Ä Ã zº V,Å 4O¾¿\À/Á®Á¯ÀU¿ 4Ä\¿ [È()(&%!$:P< ,(&C_/3?DF()c=KD$&%!3+^9:=e#-"<Ç,%'(&1=C_#3++,%'+1]-!UU1Æ%'-!C_/*G DR=K:P<ha(&C_/%!$&$)B­!G#%!(&=1 3$)A!1] !=Ç"$b%'()cA!,3"3*X!¦!X7$&%!3+81"(&=-7%!1cK=!(&9%!$1(&9:(&c!G%!(&=1cGUB®3$)AU(b=-I=!(b9%!$ $)U9a]¬U"%'()3?MO!^=j j$&A!$3+BU3+C7W[ c!a1=0+je?=_=!,(&9%!$[9"=,A!30+=_1%'%I().DS%!30=9:33%'B­+j9,=U3+_%I$&%!3+0$&(&=DN(&1=j(&¥%!9,]$b%!3+?!MR%'"#1®X!Í¥ªF«!5%!1%!®(&/+3()BI(bj=>Ét' H$&%!3F!M%'G "=.t' L3%'"=a%'()¥(b+3,()()3W[ ­(&3N(&+#3()fBI-(bC_!5=>Ét' i$&%!3N1=U3F=!.C_<1()MOBH=*3%' ^!M`=*3,(&=-$)0#!+­%'+CK(&983+%!#9:*%'.X!¦!X'#CC4"9,5#()d$)BI9%!"3+3N%_3CK%!$&$ DRH#=!+7,3+%!9:^ %'2I+K-!¯D 783(&1=?!M`=83,(&=-$)#!+H,3+%!9:0%'=01="(&-^!M¶=0Ét' >$&%!3+SMOCp%'+Ci(&9.3+%!9:!WRZ@(&3[Gh#%A<()"=(&3F3=\DN7(& ()-"=*§/W&XUW

ZF=Ne#++17(&+#3()fBi!M¶=^Ét' !CÊ$&%!3DS%!3dC4"9,73Ci%!$&$)%!L=?A¨%!$&".9%!$&9"#$&%'+1IG/B9:3,(&1=,(&-4^C_%!3"=1¥Ét' K3+ !@3()«^%'@^()j%!1I=8h¯DRN(&I=8Ét' KG %!C7W~[ dDS%!3MO"1_#%'[=FCK%!3"=1ih¯DR(&_=.Ét' ^G %!C :P=()(&=-0F+,%'KDS%!3%'Gh"[%0()a1_!M %'C_%!3,"=17G MO!0=0A'%!9""C 9%!s5=DN(&9,IDS%!3F%_C4"9aj-!%'+.$)33d%!jDR"$b1HG 0:P< 9:+1MOCu9:3,(&1=,%'()#3*!M.=7"?#9:() !M.=­Ét' ]G %!C Dm°=7A¨%!9"#"Cu9%! DF(b1=\DN3W [ DS%!3@MO"1I%'F=8Ét' _G %!CÊDS%!3F9$&()##(&=-*7=^MO(&$s3++,%\BL$b()-@3,()$&1I$)<9%'+1j(&3,(&1=.=A'%!9""C 9%!Wb[ I!a1=@+K-!F%',"1I(&3S#!G#$)C %K=D CK"FM!d=4Ét' U¯Vi#$&%'+0DS%!39:3+,"9:+1j+H%!$&$)\D =8Ét' KG %!CÊ+KG 0+,%!#3$&%'+1j3+i%'F()d1(&17!F9$&()I=^MO(&$s3#()$&1sW ._* ,hÄ\À5,¿ .Äaà zº V,Å 4O¾¿ÀUÁ­Á¨À/¿ 4Ä\¿ Z@=4G,()-/F3%!9:K3=$&AU(&-K:PU ,(bC_.DS%!3 %'+1 DN()¤=j=DÊG %!C %!$&()-#C_W ©.U<1 %'-!C_/iDS%!3K%'-%!(& !G%!(b=1¤G fD=>1%'%L%!1j*=!,(&9%!$¶#1(&9:()#3W[.D%!3NMO"1j#%'NMO!N#(&3F3+.!M1%'%H=8e#++1(&/+3(&fBK!M=^Ét' _G %!CpDS%!3d%'"#1IX' ! ! _3,%'"=,%'()7(&/+3(&()3W[ L(b3R(&/+3(&fBi,-(&C_=iÉt' ­$&%!3+^%!30%7JN%'G#(`M,¬/"=#9:B­-!%'+*%!c=K$&(&DF(&1=­!MR=>V EGFIH $)A!$Q5%!#1]3+%>m 9:3>=H3,%' i!Md=L3(&=-$)i#=!+Æ3+%!9:LDF==LÉt' c$&%!34(&3*1="=1Æ9$)3+L+3%!9:!W !S=09%!3+?DFF=0Ét' _$&%!3+S(&3%!$&C_3+L3+%!#9:?(&R(&3=!S%!$&$)B>A'%!$&(&1H+1(b39"33.=_DR¥#=!+]%!1]3(b=-$)>#=!+] %'2<30%!30G (&=-7¬U"%!$&()%'()A!$&B­1( m /5¶%!30=BG 9:C_L=IfD]1=33+13+%'+3>!M@HG#%',L%'+CK(b9i3%!9:7(& H,3+9:L!M@=7Ét' $&%!3W

¡ 3+,(&3S!M39%!#3dDR,0h,M!,CK1HA'%'B<(&=->=^1="#(&=-4!M8Ét' K$&%!3+dG fDj39%!#35DF#(&$)?=8X!¦!XK$b%!3+@DS%!3@39%!=1­1"=,(&->(b1()A<(&1"%!$#39%!3W7 9U.10À 9VT Sl9U4O¾ÁD.¿\¾=Ä/.19U,¿ ZF=i!(bC*"C 9,(&9:I!MF$&%!3+> $&%',(&3,%'()3^MO!>G 3+8%!1"="!i9(&9:BÆ1= 1#3*¤I$b%!3+K1="(b=-35(QW£!WÆDF==_=jX!¦!X]%!#1¤Ét' $&%!3+K%'IG !

Page 110: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

l 'V

−150 −100 −50 0 500

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

δ393

(MHz) (approx)

She

lved

Pop

ulat

ion

()-"=,H§/W&X T<$)A!1c !#"$&%'()®A<3*X!¦!X'C $&%!3+81"(&=-=W I(b30 !#"$&%'()c3$)A!1]MOCV % FIHKJ #&% FIH5 (&3d !#"$b%'()j3=$&A!17M,C V % FIHKJ | % FIH!WFS"A!3F%'*9%!$&9"$&%'+1¥G/B73+$&AU(&-_=!(b9%!$ $)U9aj¬U"%'()3@M!@K i$)A!$3BU3++CjW

%'G \A!i!^G !cGh$&\Dw=K%'+CK(b9_3+%!#9:_M¬U"=9:B!W_Z@4 $&%'a(&3%'()3?C4"3+0G _9,=33"#9,¤%'_=j"#DS%!+1fD #=!+¤+,%!#3()()¤(&3>3(&M+1¤M²"==_%\D%\BMOC =j%'+Ci(&93%!9:8#%!j=*D%!/+1­+a%!3()()WRZ@(b3@(&3d¬U"(),1j3+i#%'F=8%'Gz3+!()­/"$b$s!M`="/DS%!+17+a%!3()()I9:(&#9(&1=3SDF()L=0G#,()-/,3+%!9:0!M=0DS%!+17+a%!3()()5<3_%'=*CK%¨P<(bC*"C~1(&39:,(bCK(&%'()HG fDj=8fDi-!"#1j3+%'+3.(&3d!G%!(&1sW[Z@=!,(&9%!$&$)BI()DS%!3,1(&9:+1>%'G !iX!¦!X^%!1iÉt' ^$&%!3 $&%',(&3%'(&3`3="$&1>G #­()Mz=F$&%!3+a3`DRF11="#=1­MOC =43+%!#9:!5s!.G ! | $&%'a(&3+1­(&MGh!®$&%!3+a3FD>G#$&"=41="=1¥MOC=_,3+%!9:!WKZ@3+_=!(&9%!$1(&9:(&3.DR_A!a()e1c:P<ha(&C_/%!$&$)B­%!3*(&3?3=\DN (& ()-"=,*§/W&:V=W[ 89%!Gh_3+%'^MO!^=i9%!3K!MSGh!$&%!3+,3?G (&=- # $&%',(b3+1s5(QW£!Wi$&M%!#1c#%!()

!M?#$)!3H(& ()-"=¥§/W&:V=5F=­3%' 7!M?=jDRÆ#=!+ h%'2 1( mh,3>MO!ijfDÆ1( mh/ 33(&G#$)> !#"$&%'() #%',%'(&35%!#1(&3*3()MO+1 (&M¬U"=9:B!WjZF=KfD®#=!+ %'2]MO!=."/D%!/+1L+,%!3()(&K(&3[$&33[#%!i%!$)Ms%!3()-H%!3[=.DS%!+1H+,%!3(&()K %'2h5/-()A<(&=-0a(&3++7%H%!1="=?"!i9()#9:Bj!M[%'G "=.X' -IW@[ ®9:+a%!3+5s=4,()-/%!1®3(&1=*!M=4e-"=>3=¯DF3%'_7fD #=!+ 3$)A!1¤ !#"$&%'()Æ %'2U3>MO!_=7DR !#"#$&%'()Æ#%',%'(&3>%'3(bCK(&$&%'d(&7=(&-@%!1­3%' !5$)%!1(&-4+ihU!@1(&3,9:,(&CK(&#%'()sW À/Ä , .;, * 9UT zº V,Å 4O¾¿\À/Á ¡ /"#C8G !M3$)AU(b=-039%!3DNh,M!,CK1>DF()_e=P<1i$b%!3+ $&%',(b3%'()3H%!1 z"$&3+¥(&C_35@A'%'B<(&=-Æ=cÉt' $b%!3+L1"(&=-ÆM,C 3%!9:cG fD39%!#3W Z@(&3*%!$&$)¯DR1¤=Lnm 9:_!MF=7Ét' ]$&%!3+>=LG#%'7%'+CK(&9L3+#%!9:H+]G H!G=Ç3+,A!1s5%!17%!$&3+_%!$&$&\D17=?fDK#=!+73,=$)A<(&=-4,%'+^%!3@%>M²"9:()L!MÉt' i1="(&-*+_G (&/A!3+()-%'+1W[Z@=?:P<ha(&C_/%!$z,3"$)3d%'03\DF7(& ()-"=,^§/W&UWZ@=?G !++CÊ=039%!#3

Page 111: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

l g

−200 −150 −100 −50 0 500

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1−1/2

δ393

(MHz) (approx)

She

lved

Pop

ulat

ion

−200 −150 −100 −50 0 500

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1−1/2

δ393

(MHz) (approx)

She

lved

Pop

ulat

ion

−200 −150 −100 −50 0 500

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1+1/2

δ393

(MHz) (approx)

She

lved

Pop

ulat

ion

−200 −150 −100 −50 0 500

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1+1/2

δ393

(MHz) (approx)

She

lved

Pop

ulat

ion

()-"=,I§/W&:V T<=$&A!1 !#"$&%'(&cAU3>X!¦!X'C $&%!3+*1"(&=-=W7·¶M%!#1 #%!()*!Md#$)!3*(&3^MO!X!¦!X'C $&%!3R%!1LÉt' !Cp$b%!3+[G !X # h$b%',(&3+1sW`JF(&-%!#1_#%!()R!Ms#$)!3[(b3MO![G !i$&%!3,3 | h$b%',(&3+1sW7Z!¤#$)!38%',H !#"$b%'() 3=$&A!1MOC V % FIHKJ #&% FIH 5G !++C#$&!3*%'LMOCV % FIHKJ | % FIH W>S"=,A!3.%',K9%!$&9"$&%'+1cGUB¥3+$&AU(&-H=_!#(&9%!$ $&U9ac¬/"%'(&3?M!0j 7$)A!$3+B<3++C7W ¹Ci3 Go ErE ¹Y "]V Go"p # X' ! ! ! np # "^' Í¥ªN« ErE Zp # X !Í¥ªN«

D>%'2!cDF()¥G !®$b%!3+,3. $&%',(&3+1 #5h4+!c=,>3,9%!3.DF()¥Gh!c$&%!3,3.h$b%',(&3+1|RW ¡ A!(&9%!$Dm 3+F!MS8%!3dG j%!11=1IG DR­%!9,®39%!7+KDms3+F^9"=A!3W[ I9%! G ­3 #%'L%!3L=®1="(&- !M^=cÉt' $b%!3+HMOC 3+%!#9:®1=9:,%!3+3L=

3()(&j!M=>3(&=-$&^#=!+®3=$)A<(&=-ih%'2j3,()MO35#1"=*+H4(&#9:%!3+1®$&()-/F3()MOF9%!"31GUB_=.Ét' >$&%!3WZ@=F$&%',-!N3(&MG DRL=.3(&=-$)dz=!+i,3+%!9:.M!R=.fD41( mh/9a=(&9:3j!M4 $&%',(&3,%'()°9:!3+ 13I+ ghCK%! 3#$&()+(&-G fD =]V % FIHKJ #&% FIH]+V EGFIHKJ # EGFIH %!1I^V % FIHKJ | % FIH +KV EGFIHKJ | EGFIH +,%!#3()()3W) ÀU¾¿ Á¯À<ÅÀ5,hÄ@9VT hº U,Å 4¾#¿À/Ád.;,hÄ\ÀZ,¿ .Ä Ã _=FÉt' 8$b%!3+(&3_,3+%!9:dDF(&>=+,%!#3()()_G DRLXDC EGFIH %!1iV EGFIH 5U%!1K=NJF%'G#(=MO¬U"=9:B>!M =NÉt' *$&%!3+R(b3$&%'-!R%!=N$&(&=DF(b1=8!M =FV EGFIH $&A!$Q5=@Gz%'@%'+CK(&9N3+%'+F(&3,#$&%!9:1_GUB*DR41=331K3+%'+3W~[È(b3[-(bC_N.3$)AU(b=-83+ 9:+,"CE9:3(b3+3!MfD_ %'2U3R!M¬U"%!$ =()-/5UDN()K=03+z$&()+(&=-G fD K %'2U30-(&A! GUB¥=HJF%'G#(`MO¬U"=9:B®!MHÉt' j$&%!3+\WiZ@(&3?#\A<(&1=30%j1#()9:C_%!3,"=_!M=K(&/+3()B­!M[iÉt' j$&%!3+W ()-"=H§/W&´j3=\DN3?:PU ,(&CK%!$1%'%I%'2!Æ(&(b3.1"(&=-L-(&CK>%!#1c=_9:!3+ 1(b=-H9%!$&9"#$&%'+1]3=$)A<(&=-L!ez$)3FMO!0fD­1( mh/Ét' H$&%!3+F1="#(&=-3W[ ¶9%!0G 3+^%'=[3,=$)A<(&=-h%'2<3%'R9$)3++F3%!C_[=(&-(&?%!9a839%!5¨%!$)"=-

=, (&37% 3$&()-/7%!3+B<CKC_+B %'­(&C_z$&()3H= Ét' $&%!3+jDS%!3j=!7:P=%!9:$)B3+#%!9:!WZ@H3+#$b()+(&=-IG fD=i %'2<3*(&3*9:3(&3+*DF()%!¤Ét' ®$&%!3+>(&+#3()fBc!M@%'G "=>X' ! !

Page 112: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

l ´

−200 −150 −100 −50 0 50 100 150 2000

1

2

3

4

5

6

δ393

(MHz) (approx)

She

lved

Pop

ulat

ion

()-"=, §/W& T<=$)A!1 !#"$&%'(& A<3jX!¦!X'C $b%!3+j1="(b=-ÆMO!j%¤,%!=-!]!M_Ét' !C $b%!3+1="#(&=-3W !++C =.39%!H#%A!.Gh!H$&%!3+ $&%',(&3%'(&3b # 5/+!L=.39%!3%A!.G !$&%!3^ $&%',(&3%'(&3@ | W I(&3^h!z"$&%'()c3=$&A!1]M,C V % FIHKJ #&% FIH'5 (b30 !#"$&%'()c3$)A!1MOC V % FIHKJ | % FIH W4d"=A!3?%'_9%!$&9"$&%'+1®GUB¥3+$&AU(&-i=>!(&9%!$ $)<9,c¬U"%'()3.MO!0=7 $)A!$¶3+BU3+C7W

3%'",%'()j(&/+3(&()3W) ÀU¾¿ Á¯À<ÅÀ5,hÄ 9VT.19U, ¶ÀU¾=Ä/.;, *­Á¨¾=Ä\À Z@=dDR4#=!+i3+%!#9:N%!3R%0DF(&1=KMO"#1%!C_<Ç%!$&$&B*3+GUB8FÉt' ^$&%!3+[(b+3,()fB*+^!Mzd!,1=!M` '2UªN«@MO!=d:P<ha(&C_/%!$&$)B8%!99:3(&G#$)9a=(&9:K!M$&%!3+0#%',%!CK+,35¶!^(b¥#,%!9:(&9:_GUB¥=_$&%!3^$&(&=DF(b1=­+7!M!,1=KÍ¥ªN«!W>ZF(&3DF(b1=j(&3NC*"9a¥#%'\DF#%!­=4$&(&=DN(&1=L!M=*3,(&=-$)0#!+j+,%!3,()()j%'0X!¦!X'C %!1=#9:0\A<(&1=3S%4-!UU171(b%'-=3+(&9.+K(&/A!3+()-%'+0=^(&LCK!()7=%'(&=->,%'+!5=GUBL!G#3+A<(&=-=¯D=dDF(b1=4!Mz=dDR8#=!+>3+#%!9:F9,#%!=-!3%!3=@(&_(&3$)MO+^=%'[(&4=@%'G#39:!M$&%!3+N9:/$&(b=-_%!3F%_M²"9:()I!M`=%'(&-_(&C_!W

ZF=]:PU ,(bC_%!$?#U9:1#"=c(&3Ie,3+$&B + z%']= ()(&°]-!"13+%'+%',\A<(&1=3S=8#%'\D3+@DRi#=!+73%!9:^MO!F%_-()A!­9,=(&9:8!M$&%!3@ $&%',(&3%'(&3S%!11="#(&=-3W ¡ M+R=@z%',%'()_#"#$&3+d=F(&K(&3$)MO%!$)=FM!%0A¨%'a(&%'G#$)@1=$b%B>(&C_@G MO!=03$)AU(b=-8#"#$&3+?(&3R%'##$&()1s5<%'MO+dDF(&9aH?1+9:()73+¬U"=9:?<9:13d%!3d=!,Ci%!$QWZ@=#" 3+j!M0=c1=$&%\B (&C_¥(b3K+¤%!$&$)\D =®() +¤=%'5@MO!L:P<%!C_z$)­GUB3++,%\B J e#$&139:"=z$&(&=-L+7=_()]C_!()W*Z@(b3N=%'(b=-IDR"$b1c3"$)?(&c%!](&9:,%!3+1c¢N!##$)0DF(&1­!M=8fDi#=!+j3+%!9:^%!#1j%_1"#9:()7(&I=^ %'2I3=$)A!1jh!z"$&%'()sW% PU ,(bC_3.D> M!aC_1­DN()­>1$&%B¥(&C_>A¨%',BU(&-HG fD CK30%!1®V !CK35%!3

(&3F3=\DN7(& ()-"=*§/W&\§/W[ d9%!IG .3+L%'dNDF(b1=i!M=?fD>#=!+I3+#%!9:01=/3S=!d9a%!=-!?A!BHC4"9a

%!3S=?1=$&%\BK(&C_?(&3(&9:%!31HMOC ' ! 3S+>V !CK3W[Z@#(&3[(&3R"?9:+1IGUBK=?$&%!3+d$&(b=DF(&1=

Page 113: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

l §

−150 −100 −50 0 50 100 150 2000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

δ393

(MHz) (approx)

She

lved

Pop

ulat

ion

()-"=,L§/W&´ T==$)A!1] !#"$b%'()cAU34X!¦!X'C$b%!3+*1="#(&=-IMO!4Ét' !C $&%!3+*9$&3+K+­,3+'Ç%!#9:!W H(&3.h!z"$&%'()®3=$)A!1®MOC V % FIHKJ #&% FIH 5 (b3N !#"#$&%'()­3,=$)A!1®M,C V % FIHKJ | % FIH WS"A!3@%'89%!$b9"$&%'+17GUBL3$)AU(b=->=^!(&9%!$ $&U9a7¬/"#%'()3dMO!@=i i$)A!$3+B<3++C7W

¬U"(),1Æ+c-()A!j%c-!U<1¤e>CK%!(&(b=-¥9:3%!K%'X!Í¥ªF«¥(&%!9,$&%!3W ¡ "= >$&(&CK()MO!^=K(&#9:%!3+K(&c!G#3A!1]3+#%!9:KDF(&1¥G DR=_e,3+0%!1$&%!3+0!M=3+K39%!38(&3Í¥ªF«!W [È+,(&=-¥(&3*%!34%!"= 4$&(&CK()0=I(&9:,%!3+i!M@H¢.!#$)4DF(&1s5"#3(&=-= "dA!9:+!*MO!^=ifD'Ç #=!+Æ3+%!9:®± % ¬U"%'()Ƨ/WY!ɳa5`=KA!$&U9()BcDF(&1=](&#9:%!3+(&3 'CK3"#&%H± °ª?Í®³aW /.DF(&=-I+7=H39%!$&(&=- u 5¶=K%!33+<9(&%'+1 +CKha%'"=9a%!=-!I1= 13?ÆDF%'^DH%!33,"C_i%'G "=^H(&(&(&%!$+C_ ,%'"=!W7Z%'2U(&-j(&30+¥G i%MOD~(&CK3_=j¢.!#$)H$&(&CK()5[=­"= >G "1¤ j+C_ ,%'"=j(b9:%!3+­(b3>!M.!a1=´'CKW#Z@=MO!0=^CK%!j=%'(&=-_a%'+81"=,(b=-*V !Ci3@!M9:/$b(&=-_(&3 &^3 #&% W[Z@(b3(b3S=()-/+3+F9:#3++,%!(&/d7=%'(&=-K(bH"@()I+,%'jD^%A!8Gh7%'Gz$)?+K1=1"9:^"=I(&$b$h\D^W~[ (&3NA!B­3,CK%!$&$¶9:CK#%'1®+H49:U$&(&=-H,%'+4\A<(&1=1­G/B­=*¢.!#$&.9:U$&(&=-L$&%!3+,3>±È L+ ! ^3n#&%a³a5=MO!^D0:P<h9:F+KG ^%'G#$)0+i9:U$9$)3+8+K=8¢.!#$&@$&(&CK()W 1^` 4`dVkf#!s ¶e=ff¨ ¶lfZ@7:PU ,(&CK%!$d,3"$)3_3\D1%!1<Ç "i"!i9()#9()3_ %'+1$)B¤%'G \A!cX' - %!1"+' - (&73+C_^39%!#3W[Z@=?3,"$)3SD^e++17D$&$ GUBH!(&9%!$9"=,A!3d!G%!(&=1jG/BI3+$)A<(&=-=?!(b9%!$ $)<9,I¬U"%'()3MO!R?3BU3++CjWZ@=?$)\DS%!L:PU 9:+173=$&AU(&-^"!i9()9:BH(&31"N+_=0CK%'-(&9?e$&1L3++=-!IG (&-4$)¯DRd#%!H:P< 9:+1s5%'G "=F§!© ,%'=S%!] ©>5%!1=j$&%!3+K$&(b=DF(&1=#38G (&=-®$&%'(&A!$)B#()-s5[%\AU(b=-]%]e++1 A'%!$&"=I!M?%'"1XUW !Í¥ªF«(&c%!9aÆ$b%!3+WiZ@3+_e++1 $&%!3*$&(&DF(&1=3N%'i(&#9:3(&3++/0DF()cKA¨%!$b"=30!G%!(&1]G/B9:3,(&1=,%'()!MN=7$&%!3+_$)<92,!K3()-%!$%'_(&C_3,9%!$)3>!M 34+cMa%!9:()3>!MN%c3+9:#1s5DF#(&9,L-()A!3d$&%!3S$b(&=DF(&13!MÍ­ªN«0!@$)33S(&L%!9,­$&%!3+WZ@=0(&#9:%!3+1L3+%!#9:.DN(&1=(&3C*"#9,4$&%'-!¶#%!*%!/B0:PU 9:+14¢.!#$)3+%!1L±O+N:P<#$&%!(&:!Í­ªN«R!M¢.!z$)¶DF(b1=0D"$&1

Page 114: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

l É

100 120 140 160 180 2000

1

2

3

4

5

6

δ393

(MHz) (approx)

She

lved

Pop

ulat

ion

()-"=,4§/W&\§ T<=$)A!17 !#"#$&%'()IA<3FX!¦!X'C $&%!3+N1"(&=->MO!FA'%'B<(&=-K1=$&%\BIGhDR¥ !=Ç"$b%'()c#%'a%'()c#"$&34%!1c,%!1="=0#"$b3+!W4¢.$&%\B¥(bC_3^%'­±OMOC G !++C 39%! +7+!39%!h³ <W 'CK35.UW 'CK35@'CK354 !CK35?' !CK37%!1V !CK3WÌ!#"#$&%'()(&3H(b()(&%!$&$&BÆ,#%'1°(&V % FIHKJ | % FIH 3%'+^%!1IG !L$b%!3+d $&%',(&3%'(&3R%', |[WRd"=A!3d%'09%!$&9"$b%'+1IG/BL3+$)A<(&=-4=!(b9%!$ $)<9,¤¬U"%'()#3*MO!_=] c$)A!$d3+B<3++C7W 'CK3 Go ErE § " É Z# Go"p # X' ! ! ! p # ¹X' Í¥ªF« ErE p # !Í¥ªF«

¬U"(), ' !CDF#(&9,_(&3,"$)14"=GUB4!=:P<ha(&C_/3a³aWZF=d:PUz$&%!%'()KCi%B4Gh@$b%!3+]()++^¯A!*$)=-!0(bC_39%!$)3 39:13?+­CK(b/"=+3 (&30(&30"#1=0(&/A!3+()-%'()sW[ÈC_¯A!1()­9:/$&(b=-_%!1j$&%!3+FM¬U"=9:BI3+%'G#(b$&(&3%'()I3"$&1I(&C_,\A!^=0,%!1<Ç "=@"!i9(&9:B!W

ZF=KCK%!(&cM²%!9:+!*$&(bCK()(&=-H%!1="=8"!i9()9:Bc(&3?=i$&\D CK%'-=(b9_e$&1]3++,=-!sW°()=*3+/NCi%'-=(&9*e$&17 \D?3"=#$b()3d()F(&3N=!.h3,3()G#$)?+I(&9:%!3^=*Ci%'-=(&9*e$&1%'=@(&s5=\DA!RCK!d \DMO"#$/ ¯DR[3,"=#$&(&3D"$&14%!3(&$)B4%!$&$)¯D%!K(&9:%!3!M %.MO%!9:+!!M`fDKDF#(&9,7D"$&1I-(&A!8C*"#9,7G ++@%!1=Ç "=@"!i9()#9:B!W

Page 115: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

^l,m >v4, v` >yTU$&9:()A!$)B*3,=$)A<(&=-.h!z"$&%'()4MOC¹=d!Mh=FghCK%!K3"G#$)A!$&3!Mh=dV % FIH -!"1_3%'+!M !$#S%g|c(b3[%!C_ 1H%'$&\D°CK%'-=(&9Ne$&13[G/B_DmhÇ 3+#%!:P<9(&%'()LMCp=."DS%!/+1-!"#1H3%'+!Wb[ IS%'+@§8%*C_U1i+4¯A!,9:C_?(&31( !H9"$)fB4GUBi9:%'(&=-4%!I%'()e#9(&%!$b$)B%',\D ,3+%!9:^"3,(&=->%!j(&/+3+^1=3,3(&=->$&%!3+@%'NÉt' !#CÊD%!3F1(&39"3,3+1sW[ I#(&3d9,%'#+%! %!$&+,%'()A!iCK=U1](b3^1(&39"#33+1s5 DF=,_=K1=33,(&=-7$&%!3+^(&30"#3+1]+­9%!9:$:P<9()%'(&MOC =^"/DS%!+17-!,"1I3+%'+!5#a%'=d%!7#%!9(&=-4:P<9(&%'()7MOC =0DS%!+1j3%'+%!3FD%!3F=^9%!3+8MO!@=0G#,()-/d3+%!9:8%!1="=@C_U1sW

ZF=K=D 3=$&AU(&-LC_U1s5=9:MO! 9%!$&$)1 % [ Zw3,=$)A<(&=-=5s"3+3^$b%!3+,30%'*X!¦!X'C%!1Ét' !Cp+8+a%!3+MO[ !#"$&%'(&>+8=F3,=$)M W !=.3%'2!F!M9:9:,+=33()[(&3%'2!H%'R= !#"$b%'()­(&¥=>V % FIHKJ #&% FIH $)A!$`(&3.G (&=-H+,%!3+MO1¥+I=_3=$)M 5zDN(&$&3+F=>h!z"$&%'()(&I^V % FIHKJ | % FIH $)A!$¶(&3SG (&=-_$)MO@(&I=^-!"#173+%'+!WZF= % [ÈZ C_U1],¬/"(&30%'^K $&%',(&3%'(&3?!MS=HX!¦!X'C %!1Ét' !C $&%!3+,38%'9:3,3+1s5S(&(&3_9%!3+j­X!¦!X'C $&%!3K%!3 # $&%',(&3%'(&Æ%!1=­Ét' !Cu$&%!3i%!3 | $&%',(b3%'()sW®Z@(&34(&341(&3+(&#9:^M,C L3+"MO!>=LG,()-/*,3+%!9:I3=$)A<(&=-®C_=<1s5(&ÆDF(b9,9%!3+I=L9(&,9"$&%'*h$b%',(&3%'()#3^!M@=I$&%!3+a34%',H=I3%!C_!W °()(&3*9,=(&9:I!M $&%',(b3%'()3i=­V EGFIHKJ # EGFIH $)A!$N(b3H1=9:"#$)1MOC =]Ét' !C $&()-/5dDF(&$)­=¥,3+i!M=¥$)A!$&3K(&¤jV EGFIH CK%!()MO$&1¤%'­9:"=z$)1 + =®Ét' !C $&%!3KDF() JN%'G#(SM,¬/"=#9()31= 1d70$)A'%!.d$)G#39a<Ç ©.!,1%!­9:"=#$&(&-49:U"!i9()/3W

ZF=?M¬U"=9:Bi!M¶=^Ét' !CÊ$&%!3@(&3R9a=3+7+>G ?9$)3+0+>3+%!/SDF()L=?+,%!3,()()MOC XDC EGFIHKJ # EGFIH + V EGFIHKJ #&% FIH WZF=j(&/+3()BÆ!M?(&3i$&%!3+H(b3_9,=3+ +G 7!M?=j!a1=!MRX' ! ! 73,%'"=,%'()c(&/+3()(&35#DF#(&9,¥(&3N9:#3(&3++/?DF()j*e++1c$&%!3?(b+3,()fB7!G%!(b=1MOC =­Ga()-i3+%!9:c3=$&AU(&-]:PU ,(&CK3ih,M!,CK1 É G#,"%'B' ! XUW¹Z@=JN%'G#(FMO¬U"=9:B¤!M^(b3K+,%!3,()() (b3i=9:c%'G "= p # DN ! Í¥ªF«!WwZ@jnmh9:I!M(b3_6+9:"=#$&(&-;4$b%!3+@(&3S+K3+#$b()R0V EGFIHKJ #&% FIH $&A!$s(&+_DRH1=33+1I3+%'+3N3+#%',%'+1jG/BI%3+z$&()+(&=-4¬U"%!$s+K=*JF%'G#( MO¬U"=9:BL!M8Ét' !C~$&%!35%!3F(&3d1#(&39"3317(&­TU9:()7V=WYXUW

ZF=IX!¦!X'#C $&%!3+>=¤%!9:3_%!3_%°6È!G ;¥$b%!3+>+cCK%!3"=L=7$)A!$S3++,"9:"H!MF=V EGFIH7CK%!()MO$&1sW]Z@L2!B+c= % [ÈZ 3=$)A<(&=-®C_=<1 (&34%'>DF==jX!¦!X'Cu$b%!3+_(&33%!iDF()¤=7+,%!#3()()¤MOC V % FIHKJ | % FIH +V EGFIHKJ #&% FIH (&_:PU ,()#9:3K= %'G#3+!,()1"8+I(&+,M#9:8G fD­4%'G#3!()­MC~=>1=33+1¥3+%'+3W.ªF9:4 !#"$&%'(&j(&=8V % FIHKJ | % FIH^$)A!$s,CK%!(&3d(&I#%'F$)A!$QW[Èc9:+a%!3+5s=4+,%!3()(&jMOC V % FIHKJ #&% FIH +IV EGFIHKJ # EGFIH (&3N!.%>m 9:+1cG/B­=>Ét' !#C$&%!351"=H+®I9a=(&9:L!M.Ét' !C $&%!34 $&%'a(&3%'()sW ¡ 3>%¥3"$&5I(&Æ9:B<9$)34=V % FIHKJ #&% FIH +FV EGFIHKJ # EGFIH W`Z@= !#"$b%'()01=9%B<3M,C =:P=9()+143+%'+()=¶+N=!,(&-(&%!$

¦

Page 116: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

" l ! -!"#1 3+%'+ƱQ¦¨V -K³>!K+]=j3=$&M4± UWYX -K³4!i+ =­XDC EGFIH $)A!$8±² <WY´!X -i³aW TUC_7!M.= !#"$b%'()H19%B<(&=->+>=^XDCEGFIH.$&A!$h(b3R,9:BU9$)1L+_=?!,(&-(&%!$-!,"1I3+%'+i±OV EGFIHKJ # EGFIH+HXDC EGFIHKJ # EGFIH +_V EGFIHKJ #&% FIH +iV % FIHKJ #&% FIH ³a5=03@(&3S$)3+@%!1I#3+/3@%!j(&="!H9()9:BK!M=I3=$&AU(&-jC_=<1sW­Z@=L%!33+B<C_+!(&9L3=$&A!1 !#"$&%'(& (&34=9:L¦!UWYÉt - a%'=>%!=8A¨%!$&"0!M`É!¦ -ÊDF(&9aIDR"$b1IGh0:P< 9:+1jMO!@$)BL=8X!¦!Xi$&%!3+@G (&=->,3+W ()-">ÉUW&_3,=\DF3?%L=!(b9%!$3=$)A<(&=-L39%!c!e#$&!5h9%!$&9"#$&%'+1®G/B®3+$)A<(&=-i4!#(&9%!$

$)<9,c¬U"%'()3.!MR=_3+BU3+C7W [ ?9%!cG >3+c%'?=_3=$&AU(&-i"!i9()#9:B­(&3?%'G "=^É' -L5A!DF()9:C_#%',%'()A!$&B $&%'-!i$&%!3*$&(&DF(&1=3?!M@XUW !Í¥ªF«IMO!8%!9a$b%!3+*%!1Æ=¥%'##$&()1CK%'-(&9je$b1sW [È¥$&(&Ci()>!M0«Æ$&%!3H$&(&DF(&1==®%'G#3+!(& M,Cu=®"DS%!/+1-!"#1c3+%'+i(&309%!9:$b$)1®]=>3+%!#9:!5¶=\DA!*19%B<30M,C =>V EGFIHKJ | EGFIH +j$&A!$&3"=3,(&1=0=^3$)AU(b=-_$)A!$&3@$&(bCK()3=^CK%¨P=(&C4"CÊ%!1="d"!i9()9:BI+H¦!UWYÉt -LW

−200 −150 −100 −50 0 50 100 150 2000

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

δ393

(MHz)

She

lved

pop

ulat

ion

S1/2,−1/2

S1/2,+1/2

()-"=,HÉUW& Z@!(&9%!$ % [ Z3=$)A<(&=-73+ 9:+,"CjW E 3 Go"p # X' ! ! Go ErE # H 5p # ErE X !Í­ªN« ! np # ° Í­ªN«

`sf ¶[Mk f ¶¥Q k a 3hcVf ¶[ e< h®#Mi ¶Z@ % [ÈZ %!1="=¥39,=CKÆ3%',3jCK%!/B°3,(&CK(&$&%'a()()3HDF()°= G#,()-/73+%!9:Æ3=$)A<(&=-C_U1sW [ÈG ! 9%!3+3L% DRÆ#=!+ <9:33i(&/A!$)A<(&=- $&%!3,3i%'IX!¦!X'C %!#1 Ét' !C (&3"317+K+,%!3M@ !#"#$&%'()I3+$)9:()A!$&BHMOC %_z%'(&9"$&%'d-!,"173+%'+*+K=^3=$&MW ÁD._* hÄ 3LÀ/¿ 9U,¾V, 0À ) À/Ä 9&6 [Èc=K9%!3+_!M=_Ga()-?3%!9:_%!1="^C_=<1c=$&%!381="(b=-3?%!1c $&%',(&3%'(&3N%',i9,=3]+­9:%'+i%7#%'\DG,()-/?3+%!9:_#%'^(&3,!Gh1¤GUB=­X!¦!X'C $b%!3+K+3+$&9:()A!$)B:P<9()+­"=_!M?=7V % FIHKJ #&% FIHj$)A!$@AU(&%c7fD#!+7<9:33W

ZF=L1#(&39:,(&Ci(&%'()c!M@HGa()-*3+%!#9:ICK=U1(&C_#\A!3>%!34=I(&+#3()fB]!MF=

Page 117: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

" l !!Ét' !C $&%!3+8(b9:%!3+35¶G#"=?%!9,3*%7$&(bCK()?3+^GUB¥=K$b%!3+8$&(&DF(&1=¥DF=c=KJN%'G#(`MO:ǬU"=9:B_!M?Ét' !C $&%!3R%',%!9,=3=^ghCK%!I3+#$b()+(&=-0!Ms=.fD>#=!+H+,%!3(&()3W

T=(&=-$)H#=!+:P<9(&%'()¤M,C I"#DS%!+1¤$)A!$S(&3>%®!Gz$)C %'_(&-X!¦!X'C $b%!3+(&/+3(&()35[$&(bCK()(&=-¥=­X!¦!X'C $&%!3+K(&/+3()BÆ+ Z# E 3%'"=,%'() (b+3,()()3>!i3Ci%!$&$)WZ@#(&383+34%!"= 8$&(&Ci()0+¥L3$)AU(b=-7,%'+!53"#$)(&=-j(&Æ3=$)A<(&=-7z"$&3+K(bC_38!Md!a1=CK3W°() j9:!9:K9,(&9:j!M?$&%!3+_ $&%',(&3,%'()3>%!1 1="#(&=-3>()_(&3> 33()Gz$)i+3,=$)A!

9$)38+i%!$&$!M=^ !#"$&%'(&IMC =8DS%!+1®3+%'+4%!1j==8!M=^ !#"$&%'(&IMC ="/DS%!+1Æ3+%'+!WHZ@#(&30CK%B](&/A!$)A!i%!1#1()()%!$`3++z3^+jz"C_]MOC =iXDC EGFIHKJ # EGFIH $)A!$(&/+K=^3,=$)A<(&=-_3+B<3++C7W R ) ÀÄ 9&6 [ ­=89%!3+4!M= % [ÈZ C_=<1j*$&%!3+N $&%',(&3%'(&3d%!1­1"(&=-3F%'9a=3+¤+]9:%'+7%®G%!11%'2 3%!9:I=H+a%!3()()ÆMOCLV % FIHKJ | % FIH $)A!$ 53+%'> !#"$b%'() (&34=!4:P<9()+1MOC (&34$)A!$QW®Z@=L:P<9()%'(&ÆMOC =LV % FIHKJ #&% FIH $)A!$=j<9:13dA<(&%>3+%!/F3(b=-$)?#=!+7:P=9()%'()¥%'NX!¦!X'C7W

ZF=?±²"#DS%!+1h³ !#"#$&%'()8(b8=V EGFIHKJ #&% FIHd$)A!$<1"=[+?:P=9()%'()>MOC =V % FIHKJ | % FIH$)A!$#9%!_G @1=+,CK(&1*MOCwd!(&9%!$ $)<9,_¬U"%'()#3M![=d=@$)A!$#3+BU3+CwM!aC_1GUBH0V % FIHKJ | % FIH 5#XDC EGFIHKJ # EGFIH %!1IV EGFIHKJ #&% FIH $)A!$b3W[Z@=03++%!1BI3%'+83+$&"=(&HMO!@=^9%!3DF>Gh!]$b%!3+,30%'_],3+%!9:_DF(&¥()03+ 9:()A!>+,%!3,()()3?%!30G ]9%!$&9"#$&%'+1"3,(&=- " + +KG

:P H % HH

ErH ! % ± " ErH ³ ! H ± "X ³ H % HH ErH ± H ³ H % ± " ErH ³:± % ³

HHDF?=^3"=G#3,9:,()3.0%!1j4,3+d8X!¦!X'C %!1jÉt' !C~$&%!3+,3S3h9:(&A!$)BH%!1 (&3=0:P=9()+173+%'+*$&(&=DF(b1=s5 (&3S=0·¶!+«(b%!7$&%!3+@$&(&DF(&1=i!M¶=0$&A¨%!/d$&%!3+5 (&3=^JN%'G#( MO¬/"9:B!5 ®(b3S=^3"C !M=^$&%!3+N$&(&=DF(b1=35 ErH (&3S=^19%BI,%'+^MOCÊV EGFIH+HXDC EGFIH W[È4=d$&(&CK(&¶DF=,R=d(&/+3(&fB^!Mz=d$&%!3+%'[Ét' !Cw(&3`C4"9,>-!%'+[%!4=d(&+#3()fB

!M`=^$&%!3F%'NX!¦!X'C75#=^:P=9()+1­3+%'+8h!z"$&%'()I(&3d-(&A!j%'\P<(bCK%'+$)BLG/B

:P H %± " ErH ³ HHZF=^,%'+*!M+a%!3+MOF!M !#"$&%'(&IMC V % FIHKJ | % FIH +HV % FIHKJ #&% FIH 9%!¥=9:8G ^%'#PUÇ

(&Ci%'+1]G/Bc=K3+%!1=B]3+%'+i !#"$b%'()](&c=_:P=9()+13%'+HC4"$)()#$b()1­GUB®=i1=9%\B],%'+MOCÊV EGFIHKJ #&% FIH +KV % FIHKJ #&% FIH 5#(QW£!W

% X E %

E % ErH %E o H o

± " ErH ³ ¦

E % " ErH

E % ErH

oo

DF H % J H X E % J H H J o J %!#1 J (&3F=KS$)G#39a<Ç ©.!,1#%!­9:U"!i9()/NMO!?=8$&A¨%!/

+,%!#3()()sWZF=i1(&3,9:,(&CK(&#%'()®!Md= % [ÈZCK=U1Æ(&C_,\A!38%!3*=L(&+#3()fBc!MS=IÉt' !C $b%!3+

(&#9:%!3+3W [È=]C_<1=$N9:#3(&1=1°%'G \A!]](&3H¤" L$&(bCK()K+ = Ét' !C $b%!3+(&/+3(&fB!5F%!1=9:®(&#,(&9()z$)7%!Bez()+­$&%!3L$&(b=DF(&1= 9%!G ¥9:CKh#3%'+1 MO!IG/B%'z$)BU(b=-®CK!­$&%!3+_ ¯DRW ªF¯DRA!5SA!/"%!$&$)B 3(b=-$)L#=!+==Ç 3+%!/i39%'++,(b=- =¥Ét¨VC +,%!3,()() MOCu¥3=$&M.$)A!$F+V EGFIH 3+3L%!"= K$&(&CK(&4+Æ=¥$b%!3+

Page 118: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

" l !(&/+3(&fB!W ¡ K=j$b%!3+i(&/+3()BÆ$)A!$b3K9"=/$)B"3+1 (&¤=7:P< ,(&C_/5[!M.!,1=¥ ! ! 3%'",%'()](&/+3()(&35z#(&3?1=+,(&C_/%!$nmh9:^(b3N#1(&9:+1®+j9%!"3+_%'#P=(&CK%'+$)B¥%7 <W&.-nm 9:5#DF#(&9,7(&3@\A!,3#%!1=\D1­GUBL!=F:P< ,(&C_/%!$ MO%!9:+!a3F9%!"3(b=-K(&C_,9(&3+03=$)A<(&=-=W

ZF=^3=$)A<(&=->,%'+87=^DS%!+1­+,%!3(&()7(&3S-()A!­G/B H E % XDo

ZF=^3=$)A<(&=->"!i9(&9:BL%!3N%_M²"9:()I!M#"$&3.(bC_^(&3

& ±³ H H " % # w " # w DFc(&3S=8%!3BUC_#+!(&903=$)A!1jh!z"$&%'()LMOCÊ=^DS%!/+1­3+%'+!W

ZF=d,%'()?!Mh=d,%'+d!Mh=dD%!/+1K#U9:3,3`+0=d,%'+@!Mh=d"/D%!/+1_<9:33(b39:-()A!­G/B H % ErH

o

ZF=^3=$)A<(&=->"!i9(&9:BH,%!9,=3.%_CK%¨P=(&C*"#CÊA¨%!$b"=?M!.%>#"$&3+?(&CK0!M CK%¨P $b^± H % ³ H " %

[ I(&3i=!L(&CKC_1#(&%'+$)B!G/A<()"3L=\D +9:\A!I !#"$&%'(& %'I1=9%B<3L+Æ=cXDC EGFIHCK%!#()M$b1s5=%!1j=9:08CK%¨P=(&C*"#CÊ3=$)A<(&=-4"!i9()9:B7CK%\BIGh0$&(bCK()+1I+i%'"#1j¦' -LW

¡ ez%!$@9,#%',%!9:+,(&3+(b9j!M?= % [ ZC_=<1(&3K#%'i=­%'##$&()1 CK%'-(&9je$b19%!G «=W.Z@(&3F(&3F9:"/+,(&/"()(&A!!5h%!3.()NCK%!3F#%'.()N(&3@ 33(&G#$)0+I1(&39:,(bCK(&%'+0G fD¥=ghCi%!_3"=G#$)A!$b3!Mz=d-!"#143%'+@A!>DF=>=d3"G#$)A!$&3`%'d1=-!=a%'+!WZ@=dC_=<13+(b$&$=D!2U3[G 9%!"3+F()[$&()3H $&%',(&3,%'()_3+$)9:()A<()B>(b3++%!1K!M MO¬U"=9:B_3+$)9:()A<()B!WZ@=$&%!3G %!C 1()9:(&3s1=e#=%F¬/"%!/(&3%'(&^%¨P<(b3s%!10nm 9:()A!$)B0=() 3%!=-"$&%'C_C_/"C,%'%!_()3=-!B4(&3`C_%!3"=1WS±O= ¡ TU%',2*3(&M`9%!"3+1>GUB^=@Ét' !C $b%!3+`C_\A!3=>1=-!=a%!9:B­!M[>XDCEGFIH4%!1®V EGFIH4CK%!(&M$&1#35#G#"N$)%\A!30=4V % FIH'5XDC FIH*%!1®V % FIHCK%!#()M$b13S"%>m 9:+1z³aW[È i%'G#3+9:H!M@%!%'z$&()1]CK%'-=(b9Ke$&1cLÉ!´!´'C $&%!3+89%!"#3+38!#(&9%!$#"#C_#(&=-

+c%¥1#%'2 3+%'+I3+¥X?#"=!,39:9:I1=+9:()¤(&38CKU1(&e1sWjZ@(b30nmh9:_9%!G K$&(&Ci(&%'+1GUBjC_<1"$&%'(&-4^ $&%',(&3%'(&7!M`=4É!´!´'C $&%!3+.%'N%i,%'+8M²%!3+N9:CK#%'1j+H=8!#(&9%!$#"#C_#(&=-4(&C_^(b+_=*1%'2I3+%'+ < ' D= W»²¼#»Q¼»Q¼ ½¾¿ÀUÁ ÀÄ , .1, *#¿Z@¥X!¦!X$b%!3+H1="#(&=- (&3H9,=3 3+Æ%'i¥$&%!3+L(&3_ 3+%!#9:­DF()= 6ÈDS%!+1#;+,%!#3()()MOC V % FIHKJ #&% FIHI+]V EGFIHKJ # EGFIH!WZF=71="(&-­!M.(&34+,%!3(&()MC 7«CK%'-(&90e$&1I+a%!3()()I-!BIGhDR­V % FIH %!17V EGFIH (&3 " ¶5DF W

ZF= 6+"/D%!/+1;]+a%!3()()MCuV % FIHKJ | % FIH + V EGFIHKJ #&% FIH (&3i1="=1 "g'X $b%'()A!+jK«je$b1c=-!B!5`=9:_=HX!¦!Xj$&%!3+8(&381="=1 g'X ¤MOC 3%!9:_DF() (&3+,%!#3()()sW ¡ 1%',2I3%'+4(&3N9:%'+1c%'N#(&3NX!¦!XH$&%!3+NM¬U"=9:B7GUB7CK%'9,#(&=-i#(&3F1="#(&=-MOC 3+%!9:LDF()=H1"(&=-­!Md=IÉt' ®$&%!3+4Æ=H+a%!3()()M,C XDC EGFIHKJ # EGFIH +V EGFIHKJ #&% FIH 3*%'=.$&%!3+,3%'N(biJF%!Ci%!i3%!9:!WZ@=.1="(b=-^!Ms=N+,%!3()(&KMOCXDCEGFIHKJ # EGFIH+?V EGFIHKJ #&% FIHS,$&%'()A!+?(&3¶«?e$b18A'%!$&"=S(&3 ÉgU ¶53.1="#(&=-@!Mz=dÉt' $&%!3dMC «_e$&1I3%!9:^C4"3+SG ´gD ­+i%!9a()A!^^JF%!CK%!7,3+%!9:^9:1#()()DF(&¥_X!¦!Xj$&%!3+W(/?DF(&=-H+7=>G%!1cDF(&1­!M=_1%'2j,3+%!9:!5¶(&?(b3.!?9:33%'B+iCi%'9,¥(&3d1="#(&=->A!BI%!99"=,%'+$)B!W

Page 119: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

" l !X

»²¼#»Q¼»(' ) ¾+*-,¶À/Ä/.1032.OÀ5416Z@*3=$&AU(&-K"!i9()9:Bj(b3F3=¯DF®%!3.%iMO"#9:()j!M[=4%'##$&()1jCi%'-=(&9*e$&1j(& ()-"=4ÉUWYMO!@A'%'BU(b=-_+!%!$¶$&%!3F$&(&=DN(&1=3WZ@=^$)-!#1j3=¯DF3d=^3"#CÊ!M8$&%!3+F$b(&=DF(&13W

10−3

10−2

10−1

100

101

102

103

0.65

0.7

0.75

0.8

0.85

0.9

0.95

1

B (G)

She

lvin

g E

ffici

ency

0MHz0.1MHz1MHz10MHz

()-"=,>ÉUWY T<=$)A<(&=-K"!H9()9:BjA<3NCi%'-=(&94e$&1¥M!.A'%'BU(b=-H+!%!$`$&%!3?$b(&=DF(&1sWo ErE "XGo"p # ' ! ! ¹ ! <W[ 89%!]G K3+ %'^=K3$)AU(b=-H"!H9()9:B](&30=!^1= 10]K%'#$&()1cCK%'-(&9

e$b1j%'F$)¯D $&%!3+N$&(&=DF(b1=3W`Z@=819:%!3+8(&­3=$)A<(&=->"!i9()#9:BI%'N()-j$&%!3F$&(&=DN(&1=L(&39%!"31jGUBL$)3,3d!M81%'2I3+%'+81"0+K#%!3+^19:=9:!W»²¼#»Q¼»QP ½¾¿ÀUÁ ,hÄ\ÀZ,¿ .Ä/.OÀU¿Z@F3=$)A<(&=-."!i9()#9:B>(b33=¯DFK%!3[%8MO"#9:()>!M =F(&/+3(&fB4!MhNÉt' 8$&%!3R(& ()-"=,FÉUWYXMO![%0,%!-!@!Mz+!%!$z$&%!3+[$b(&=DF(&13W¶Z@S$&-!1K3=¯DF3=N3"C¹!M =dfD*$b%!3+[$&(&DF(&1=3W[ i9%! Ghj3 %'ij3=$)A<(&=-c"!i9()#9:B¤%'#%!9,3i()3KCi%¨P<(&C4"C A'%!$&"=79:­=

(&/+3(&fB :P=9:13j% $b%!3+7$&(&=DF(b1= 1= 1L=3$&1sWZ@ % [ Z %!1"=jC_=<1°(&3=#9:K(&3+3,()()A!>+7=i(&/+3(&fB­!M=iÉt' ¥$&%!3+5¶%!38$)=-j%!30=K$b%!3+8(&30(&/+3+_"=-±²(QW£!WR%_MD ="3%!173,%'"=,%'()¥(&+#3()()3a³aW»²¼#»Q¼» W9U4O¾ÁD.O¿¾=Ä/.19-, Å S¶ÁD.Äaà ()-"=,NÉUW£V*3\DF3F1#(&9:+1>nmh9:!M $&%',(&3%'(&_(&C_#"=a()fB*_=N3,=$)A<(&=-?"!i9()9:B>MO!B/#(b9%!$ :PU ,(&CK%!$&$&BK%!99:33()G#$&?$b%!3+d(&+#3()()3%!17$&(&DF(&1=3!M o ErE ¹ S Z# E Go p # ' ! ! ErE Zp # !Í¥ªF«c%!1 % #"$b3+j(&C_­!MK' 3W Z@=®X!¦!X$&%!3H(&3H%!33"C_1 +%\A!j#"=, # $&%',(&3,%'()DN(&$)L=­Ét' ]$&%!3+K#%!3_ $&%',(&3%'(&ÆCK%!1j"=¤!M #%!1 |9:C_ =/3F#%A<(&=-K(&/+3()(&3(bI=^,%'()3

±È " ³aW

Page 120: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

" l !:V

10−2

10−1

100

101

102

103

104

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

I850

She

lvin

g E

ffici

ency

0MHz0.1MHz1MHz10MHz

()-"=,>ÉUWYX T<=$)A<(&=-i"!i9()9:BjA<3^Ét' !C $&%!3+0(&/+3(&fBjMO!?A¨%'B<(&=-L+!%!$$&%!3+0$&(b=DF(&1=Wo ErE ¹ Z# E ¹\© ¹ ! 3W

[ [9%!HG @3+K%'N.-w(&C_z"=S $&%',(&3%'(&_(&33" !H9()+*1"9:d@%!1="=["!i9()9:BGUBLCK!^%! -ÊM!F(&3FÉt' K$b%!3+@ \DW

ZF= % [ Z %!1="=C_=<1H(b3A!Bi33()()A!F+*=N#"=,(&fB>!M $&%',(&3,%'()_!Ms=?Ét' 4$b%!3+G 9%!"3+i=iDS%!+1Æ:P=9()+13+%'+I(&30#$)B®19:"=#$)1]MOC 1=,()A!]:P=9()%'()+­=IXDC EGFIHCK%!#()M$b1H(&H=0$&(&Ci()!M¶z"=0Ét' 4$b%!3+d $&%',(&3%'(&sW ¡ o"p # ' ! ! i%!1I(&C_#"=a()fB

w.-L5

MO!@:P=%!C_#$)!5^(&+#3()fBL!M`"DS%!/+1j $&%',(&3,%'()I(&3F' K3%'",%'()j(&/+3(&()3W`s_^ k! e<s le=ff'¶fZ@R%'G \A!S%!%!$)B<3(&3s!M= % [ÈZ ,%!1<Ç "=`C_=<18%!33=\DN8%'=RCK=U18Dmha3%N/"#C8G !M?:P<ha(&C_/%!$d%!1=A¨%!/%'-!3I9:C_#%'1+!=H%!1<Ç "=iCK=U1#3WZ@= % [ ZÊCK=U1 (&3(&#3+3()(&A!@+>=.$b%!3+d$&(&=DF(b1=35CK%'-(&9.e$&1L%!1H$b%!3+d(&+#3()()35U%!3S$)=->%!3R.JN%'G#(MO¬U"=9:Bj!MR=4133(&-H$&%!3+0(&3.C4"9,®-!%'+^#%!¥>1#%!3(&-K,%'+>!M[=>9:=#9:G fDj^V % FIH %!1­XDC EGFIH $)A!$&3W/?M CK!@M²"1%!C_/%!$=(&C_ !%!#9:F(&3`=NMO%!9:#%'[= % [ Z%!1<Ç "=C_=<1_DR!,2U3[A!

(&H=?%'G#3+9:.!M¶%!I%'#$b()1iCK%'-(&9Fe#$&1KG 9%!"3+.=?(&3%*¬U"%!/(&3%'()I%¨P=(&31=e#=1HG/B=^1#()9:()L!M¶#!#%'-%'()7%!1I. $&%'a(&3%'()L!M¶^$&%!3+d"3+1I+K(&#()(&%!$&$)B>,#%'.=()­(&I=0!M`=^-!"#173+%'+3@A<(&%>!(b9%!$s#"C_z(&=-=W

Page 121: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

" l !

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 50

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

Percentage 850 σ− polarisation

She

lved

pop

ulat

ion

()-"=,0ÉUW£V Z@=!(b9%!$s3=$)A!1L !#"$&%'(&iA<3@(&C_z"=,()B_!MÉt' !C $b%!3+d $&%',(&3%'(&sW[TU$&(&19"=,A!i(&30MO!8 !#"$b%'()c3+%'(&=-¥(&cV % FIHKJ #&% FIH!51%!3=1 9"A!i(&30MO!8 !#"#$&%'()c3+%'(&-­(&V % FIHKJ | % FIH 51%!3,<Çf1=!89"=,A!i(&38^%!1="=*"!i9()9:B!W o ErE S # E Go"p # ' ! ! ErE 5p # ¹ !Í¥ªF« ¹' 3W

^l >v4, 4Lvqa v[?`1^`f 4`dVkf#!s?![Z@I$b%!3+>Gh%!C !,(&%'()#3>M!_= % [ Z 3=$&AU(&-­:P<ha(&C_/*DI=73%!C_j%!3>MO!>=Ga()-s,3+%!9:[3,=$)A<(&=-S:PU ,(bC_5¨%!3¶3\DF^(b (&-"=R§/WYÉUW ¡ 3¶%!3G 0=!+1*%'Gh¯A!!5'=$&B81( m 9:3G fD_=SfD^C_=<13`%'S=@X!¦!X?%!1KÉt' 01="#(&=-35' $&%',(b3%'()3%!1#"#$&3+8(bC_3W0Z@=4:PU ,(bC_%!$#%',%!CK+,3?DR,>9a%',%!9:+,(b3+1]"3(&-i=>3%!C_>+9,#(&¬U"=3%!3FM!@^G,()-/S3+%!#9:83=$)A<(&=-4:P<ha(&C_/35%!3F1(b39"33+1I(&­T<9:()¥§/WYUWYXUW`1^`_^ 4`dVkf#!s Xk e<Ui[bkZ@]<9:1"=]1=39:a()G 1°Gh$&\D (&371=3,()-=1+ 1+,CK(&=c=Æ9:!9:­$&%!3j#%',%!C_+a3¬U"(),1¤M!K!#(&C*"#C %!1="=_"!H9()9:B¤DF= % [ Z 3,=$)A<(&=-](&3_"3+1 %!3K#%'_!M0% $b%'-!¬U"%!/"C (&=MO!,CK%'()¥:PU ,(bC_W^ZF=*#U9:1#"=8%'2!3^MC X' jCi(&/"+3N+79:C_z$)+9:*()3@%\A!^G j$)%!1=1­(&+_^+,%'­%!1j=0!=N$b%!3+F3+B<3++CK3@%',^$&(&!W

·%!1I()i(b+*+,%'5<9:C_ 3%'+NCi(&9:C_!()5 %'2K"=iG %!Ch3,()()35"=,KL9:U$ Ç(&=-_DS%'+N%!1jCi%'-=(&90e$b13W

Ì,M!,C %¤3$)AU(b=-39%!°DF(& = Ét' ¤$&%!3+IG#$&U9,2!1%!1=cX!¦!X¤%!#1°X!¦§>w$b%!3+h$b%',(&3%'()#3d3+@+y # +He#1I=8h3,()()I!M`=83(b=-$)?#=!+¥3=$)A<(&=->3+#%!9:!WZ@(&3d(&3S*X!¦!XK1="#(&=->%'d-()A!3F=8CK%¨P=(&C4"CÊ3=$&AU(&-4MOC =8D%!/+1­3+%'+!W

Page 122: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

" l !´ TU*IX!¦!X®$&%!3+>1="#(&=-j3%!4DF()=I3(&=-$)i#=!+Æ3+%!9:I%!13+4=Ét' ]%!1 X!¦§>$&%!3+,3* $&%',(&3%'(&38+ | W]ÌM!aC %! % [ Z 3$)AU(b=-­39%! 39%!#(&=-=KÉt' 7$&%!3+?1="(&-i+71=+,CK(b=*>Ét' 71="#(&=-H%'?3"$)3.(&¥=>CK(&(&C4"Ch!z"$&%'()73$)A!1IM,CÊ=8"/DS%!+1j3%'+!W ( PI=*Ét' i1"(&=->%'@(b3dA¨%!$b"=!W

/?9:4=*!#(&C*"#C$&%!3.1="#(&=-3N%A!4G ¥1=+aCK(&=1s5z!(&CK(b3+8=>$&%!3+?(&/+<Ç3()()3.%!1®#"$&38(&C_3N+I-!?=*G 3+. 33()Gz$)^%!1="N"!i9(&9()3W0Z@=*#%',%!C_+a3%'_"3"%!$&$&BL9$)3*+ ErE p ! ! %'M+?=4+,%'5 p # ?CK%¨P=(&C*"#C 33()Gz$)i±²%'G "=VC G MO!?=?+,%'h³a5 E

w & (QW£!WG $)¯D%_3%'"=,%'()I(&/+3(&fBH34#%'d-!/<1!(&9%!$s#"#C_#(&=->(&3d!G#%!(&=1s5 ¹ ! 3W

ZF=*:P< ,(&C_/3.1=39:,()G 1¥(&­*3.!M[(&3.9,%'+^1#(&1­=!?MO$&$)¯D (b3F,9(&3+4'Ç9:1"4%!3?>%!(bCDS%!3?+79,%'a%!9:+,(&3+_= % [ÈZ¹3=$)A<(&=-LC_=<1c()3+$)M 5za%'=?%!]"3+>()%!3N%K+U$+i MO!,C !=?3+"1#()3WRÍ­3+F!M`=8:PU ,(&CK3@139:,()G 1IG $)\D %!17=4Ét' $&%!3dM¬U"=9:Bie=PU1I%!1I39%!#=1I=^X!¦!X>$&%!3+SMO¬/"9:B!5=A¨%',BU(&-*=?!=d:P< ,(&C_/%!$#%'a%!C_+,3@G DR¥39%!3W`1^` dc@VeU Æ` h [[È()(&%!$.:P< ,(&C_/37+ 9a%',%!9:+,(&3 = MO!,CK%!9:]!M4= % [ Z3=$)A<(&=-¤C_=<1D MO!,C_1°=<3+7!M G,"#%'B' ! XUW Z@®3#%'h3I!M*= 3=$&AU(&-Æ3+ 9:+,%MO!7= !#"$b%'()®#%'1c%!$&$(b¥_!^=>!=^-!"#1]3+%'+KDK¬U"%!$&()%'()A!$&B¥%!30,1(&9:+1GUB =®=!(&9%!$.9%!$&9"$&%'(&3W ªN\DA!7=®DR®$&%'-!c¬/"#%!()%'(&A!®1( mh#9:35S=CK%!(b1( m 9:iGh(b=-7%'8i %'2]3=$)A!1h!z"$&%'()]1(b1 =!^%!9a¤%'Gh¯A! ' -LWjZF(&3G %\AU()"@(&3@3=¯DF7(& ()-"=,8ÉUW UW

ZF(&3S3"#$)@(&1(b9%'+1j%K1=+,(bC_%!$<9:33@%'N%!1­=!FGh­9:3(&1=,1j(&I=*='Ç(b9%!$h9%!$b9"$&%'()3WZ@.(&/+,%'()i!M¶=N1=9:,%!3+173=$)A<(&=-0a%'+.DS%!3%'=?Ét' !#C$&%!3D%!3R1=3=$&AU(&-N !#"$b%'()4MC =F3=$&Mz$)A!$1#"=d+8%!C_#$b()e1>3+ %!"3CK(&3,3()± ¡ T % ³_%'LÉt¨VC7WZ@(&3_/BUh!3(&3>DS%!3K+3++1 G/B MO!,CK(&=-]%! :P< ,(&C_/_DF=,7=()DS%!3K3=$&A!1"#3(&=-®$)B 7X!¦!X'#Cu$&%!3+5R%!1¤=jÉt' !Cu$&%!34¤#"$&3+1Æ %'MO+=H3=$)A<(&=-I#"$b3+!W [ 8DS%!3^!G#3+,A!1 %'4(&c=i%'G#39:i!MS=HÉt' !#C#"#$&3+>=i3$)A!1 !#"$b%'()_3%'"=,%'+1H%'R%^$&A!$!Ms%'"1HÉ' -¹MO!R%$' ! 3R#"$&3!Ms%'#P=(&CK%'+$)BK´' ! !MX!¦!X'C $&()-/5#9:!,3+ 1(&=-_+ o ErE # !!WdZ@#(&3Se-"=81"9:1­+H%'"#1At -ÊDN=%!­É'Ci3@#"$b3+?!M'W §D'C !MÉt' !C$&()-/SD%!3N%'#$&()1I%'MO+F=4X!¦!X'C~3$)AU(b=-*z"$&3+!W[ÈL!,1=S+>9:"+d.nm 9:S!M¶=0Ét' !CÊ$&%!3S13=$)A<(&=-=5/=.$&=-!L!M=?3=$)A<(&=-

#"#$&3+KDS%!3>1=9:%!3+1Æ+¥!MF!,1=I ! 34%!#1 =I(&/+3()B]!Md=LX!¦!X'C $&%!34%'4=L+,%'(&#9:%!3+1jGUBj%'G "=F%iMO%!9:+!?!Md i+H2!¥*3%!C_* %'2j3=$)A!1­h!z"$&%'()sWZ@=*Ét' !#C$&%!3_D%!3>#"#$&3+1"3(&=-®%]C_9,#%!(&9%!$S3U"=++_DF()¤%cCK%¨P=(&C*"#C 3h1!M.%'Gh"I'W 'Ci3_+! ¤%!1¤3U"=5DF()Æ(&3>CK%¨P=(&C4"C 3h1ÆG (&=-®1= 1=/*=I+!%!$S(&C_L%'2! MO!=L3=$)A<(&=-73+¬U"=9:L1"=K+®C_9,#%!(&9%!$A<()Ga%'()30:P< ,()9(&-73+%!9:Hnmh9:3WjZ@=X!¦!X'C$&%!3+0DS%!3?#"$&3+1®"3(b=-L%! ¡ /^Í 5%!1c4(bCK(&=-L!M[(b3Nz"$&3+4D%!389,=3+]37%'()09%!C__]%'#P=(&CK%'+$&BÆ ! 30G MO!>=iÉt' !C $&%!3?3,/"=++*9$)3+1s53+I%'0_(&C_%'F=*Ét' !C$&%!3+@DS%!3dj^()j%'MO+F=^3$)AU(b=->#"$&3+.DS%!3FCK(&#(&CK(&3+1W

ZF=iÉt' !C$b%!3+^3="$b1®#%A!Hj1=+,(&C_/%!$`nm 9:^]=i3,=$)A!1c !#"$&%'(&¥G MO!= X!¦!X'C $&%!3+I#"$&3¥(&3I%'#$b()1s5@3(&#9:®%!$&$.!M*=]%'+CK(&9® !#"$&%'()3="#$&1 G c(& =-!"#173+%'+!WRªN\DA!5h()M¶=0:P<(&9:(&I!M=8X!¦§¨#C~$&%!3+ ¡ /^Í­3@(b3d=!d-!/<17="-s5()(&3. 33(&G#$)8#%'.>3,=$)A!1c !#"$&%'(&­9:"$&1®G _(&9:%!31¥GUB­4#3+9:>!M[_Ét' !#C$&%!3HMO!7%Æ$)- ,()<1!M0(&CK®1"­+¤39%'++,(&=-=]X!¦§¨C+,%!3()(&MO$&$)\D1G/B1=9%\BH+iXDCEGFIH?%!1L:P=9()%'()IGUBi=^Ét' !CÊ$b%!3+S+_V EGFIH.MO$&$)\D1IGUBi1=9%BL+_=?3=$)M W

Page 123: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

" l !\§

−120 −100 −80 −60 −40 −20 0 20 40 60 800

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

393 detuning (MHz)

She

lved

Pop

ulat

ion

()-"=,IÉUW T==$)A!1Æh!z"$&%'()]A<3_X!¦!X'C $&%!3+_1="#(&=-jMO! % [ Z^W ! ´U5 ! §®%'2!¤<3 G#,"%'B]' ! XUW H !#"$&%'(&¥(&#()(&%!$&$)BI,#%'1](&cV % FIHKJ #&% FIH 5 !#"$b%'()¥(b()(&%!$&$&B7:Ç#%',1(bV % FIHKJ | % FIH W d"=A!3>%'I=!(&9%!$Sz$)!34!G%!(&=1ÆG/B3+$)A<(&=-¥=H!#(&9%!$ $)U9a¬U"%'()3FM!N=i H$)A!$3+B<3++C7W °VCK3 Go ErE ¦S # Go"p # ' ! ! ! np # 8!Í¥ªF« §!© ErE 5p # ¹ !Í¥ªF«/WRX!¦!X'C~$b%!3+F(&3 #] $&%',(&31s5Ét' !C~$&%!3F(&3 | $&%',(&31sW

[È9:%!3+1®3=$&AU(&-i1"=^+L(&3Fnmh9:?DS%!3N!N!G#3A!1s5 =\DA!^%!­:P< ,(&C_/F3"$&17G 9:1#"9:+1jDF0=8X!¦!X'C$&%!3+F(&3@G#$)<92!17MO!F=0/()8#"$&3+03+¬U"=9:!5z(&I!,1=@+i-!=8Gh3dh3,3()G#$).3+(&Ci%'+^!M*X!¦§¨C ¡ /^Í:P<(&9:(&sW°= =7:PU ,(bC__DS%!3K MO!,C_1¤DN()¤=j1#"9:13=$&AU(&-¥#"#$&3+I(&C_­%!#1 (&<Ç

9:%!31 Ét' !Cu$&%!3_h¯DRi"=_!MF=7e#G]±QXUW ! !C C_%!3"=,1 %'M+K7A¨%!9""#C 9%!z³a5-!UU1¤3$)AU(b=-j3"#$)3^DL!G#3+A!1¤%!3>(&343=\DNÆ(& ()-"=IÉUWY´UW [>9%!GhL3+%'4= %'2L%!1="=@"!H9()9:BI(&3@%'"#1­§¨ -LW`1^` =[Rfla R &f¨+kZ@I1"(&=-®!MF7Ét' $&%!3+>D%!3i3+_:PU ,(bC_%!$b$)B]G/BÆ M!aCK(&=-®3=$)A<(&=-®39%!3_MO!G !I(&()(b%!$#3+%'+0,#%',%'()35UA'%'B<(&=-*=01="(&-8!M¶0Ét' _$b%!3+dG fDI%!9,7#%!(&R!M39%!#3W[Z@=.!(&C4"CÊ1="#(&=-*D%!3dMO"1LDFH?1#()7(&L=03=$)A<(&=-43+ 9:+,"C MOCE="/DS%!+1L-!"#1i3+%'+?9:(&9(&11KDF()i=F %'2_!Ms=?3=$&AU(&-^3+ 9:+,"C MOC=NDS%!/+1-!"#1H3%'+!W[Z@(&3U99"=,1iDN=i.Ét' >$&%!3+D%!3S9$)3F+>3+%!#9:FDF()H=."DS%!/+1+,%!#3()()sWZ@=S1="(b=-F!Mz=SÉt' 0$b%!3+`$&%'()A!+03+%!#9:DN()8"/DS%!+1_1="#(&=-9:"$b1G H1+,CK(&=1G/B!G#3+A'%'()Æ!M@=i,$&%'()A!I=()-/38!M@L3$)AU(b=-j %'2U34(&=1="G#$)*3h9:+a"C MC =I"/D%!/+1¤-!"#1Æ3+%'+!WÆZ@%'>(&35()Md=7$)¯D M¬U"=9:Bh%'2DS%!3F$)¯DRN%!j8()-IMO¬U"=9:BI %'2z5*Ét' i$&%!3@D%!3F1j!M`=83+%!9:!5z%!17A<(&9:A!,3,%<WRZ@(b3RG %\AU(&"=@(&3@3\DF7(& ()-"8ÉUW §/W

Page 124: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

" l !É

−100 −50 0 50 1000

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

393 detuning (MHz)

She

lved

Pop

ulat

ion

()-"=,4ÉUWY´ T==$)A!1¥h!z"$&%'()7A<3?X!¦!X'C $&%!3+?1="(b=-=W Kh!z"$&%'()j(b()(&%!$&$&BH,#%'1(&cV % FIHKJ #&% FIH 5 !#"#$&%'()c(&()(b%!$&$)BI#%',1](&®V % FIHKJ | % FIH WiS"=A!30%',_=!(&9%!$z$)!3!G%!(b=1_GUB43+$&AU(&-0=d!(&9%!$ $)<9,i¬/"#%'()3MO!=8 8$)A!$3+B<3++C7W ¹'

Go ErE

£V@ Z# E Go"p # É' ! ! np # !Í¥ªF« §!© ErE Zp # Í­ªN«W X!¦!X'C $&%!34(&3d # $&%',(b3+1s5Ét' !C~$b%!3+@(&3F¦!¦ -|5.- # h$b%',(&3+1sW

`1^` j@#las $f zfla [Yf¨/?#9:*=4!(&C4"C Ét' I$&%!3+01="(b=-KDS%!3.1+,CK(&=15#=>!(&C4"C3=$)A<(&=-Kz"$&3+*(&C_DS%!3d1=+,CK(b=1L:PU ,(&CK%!$&$&B_G/BHe=P<(b=-8G !I$&%!3+,3S%'d=?!(bC*"CEMO¬U"=9()3S%!1L +ÇMO!,CK(&-¥3=$&AU(&-­3+¬U"=9:34A¨%',BU(&-¥=I(&(&(&%!$3+%'+I !#"$&%'(& z%',%'()sW ()-"=IÉUWYÉ3\DF3S%^B/z(&9%!$ 3+¬/"9:NDN=FF $&%',(&3,%'()K!M.X!¦§>c$&%!3+S(&3RA¨%',(&1i¯A!d=N9:"=a3+!M?=j39%!W [ j$)M#%!1¤#$)!_!M.(&3>e-"7(&C_j$&(&3_%!$)=-]=­!,()«/%!$d%¨P<(&3i%!13$)A!1 !#"$&%'(&Æ$&(&3_%!$)=-]=jA!,(&9%!$@%¨P=(&3W Z@=7,(&-%!#1¤#$)!_3=¯DF3_=j1=1#"9:1C_%!I3$)A!1i !#"#$&%'()KA!a3"3R=.3,=$)A<(&=-^#"#$&3+@(&CK!W ¡ G%!1LCK%¨P=(&C*"#Cp(&H3=$)A<(&=-*(&3!G#3A!1­%'"#1]' 3@#"#$&3+?(&C_0MO!@(&3F1%'%K3+W`1^` j@&f¨+kc ¶ Mk f¨z ¶ bk Z@K"!i9()9:Bc!MS= % [ÈZw%!1="=*C_=<1(&3^%>m 9:+1G/Bc=ih$b%',(&3%'()cz"=,()B¥!MSG !=LX!¦!X7%!1Ét' j$b%!3+,3W[ÈC_#"=> $&%',(b3%'()c(&c=iX!¦!X­$&%!3+0,(bCK%',(&$)B7,3"$)30(&c!#(&9%!$#"#C_#(&=-8MCE=.DS%!+1I-!"#1H3%'+0+4."/DS%!+1I-!"#1H3%'+^1"=,(&-^=?3=$)A<(&=-#"#$&3+!5<-()A<(&=-_,(&3.+H%K1=9:%!3+*(&I=83$)A!1I !#"$&%'()IMOC =8D%!/+1­3+%'+!W[ÈC_#"8 $&%',(b3%'()­(b­=_Ét' 7$&%!3+0(&3.%!$&3+I1=+,(bC_%!$3(&#9:*=4:P=9()+1]3+%'+_(&¥=

DS%!+1¥+,%!3,()()s5=%'2!®=^+iGh8V EGFIHKJ # EGFIH!5#Gh9:CK3F9:"=#$&17+i=4XDCEGFIH8CK%!(&M$&1I()M=_ $&%'a(&3%'()¥!MR_Ét' ­$&%!3+^(&30=!?#" # W>Z@(b3F3,"$)30(&®=KÉt' j$&%!3^C_U1#()MB<(&=-=43%' ^!M=*D%!/+1¥+,%!3()(&­3=$&AU(&-K3+ 9:+,"C75#3,(&9:^=4()-j(b+3,()fBI!M=>Ét'

Page 125: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

" l !¦

−50 0 50 1000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

δ850

=−10MHz

δ393

(MHz) (approx)

She

lved

Pop

ulat

ion

−100 −50 0 50 1000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

δ850

=0MHz

δ393

(MHz) (approx)

She

lved

Pop

ulat

ion

−100 −50 0 50 1000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

δ850

=12MHz

δ393

(MHz) (approx)

She

lved

Pop

ulat

ion

−100 −50 0 50 1000

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

δ850

=20MHz

δ393

(MHz) (approx)

She

lved

Pop

ulat

ion

()-"=,FÉUW § T<=$)A!1> !#"$b%'()4AU3[X!¦!X'#C$&%!3+R1="(&-.MO!A'%'B<(&=-8Ét' !Cp$&%!3+[1="#(&=-=W. !#"#$&%'()_(&(&(&%!$&$)B0,#%'1_(&_V % FIHKJ #&% FIH 5 h!z"$&%'()_(&#()(&%!$&$)B0##%'1_(&KV % FIHKJ | % FIH WS"A!3>%'I=!(&9%!$S#$&!38!G%!(b=1G/B3+$)A<(&=-­H!(b9%!$ $)<9,¤¬U"%'()#3*MO!>=] $)A!$d3BU3++CjW !K+!$)MO>39%! CK3 Go ErE É S Z# Go p # ' ! §!© ErE 5p # w Í¥ªF«/W !.%!$&$s!=.39%!35 w 'CK3 Go ErE S # !Go"p # ' ! ErE 5p # "Æ !Í­ªN«WRX!¦!X'#C $&%!3+F(b3 #]h$b%',(&3+1s5Ét' !C$&%!3+@(&3N¦!ÉUW - | 5'W - # $&%'a(&3+1sW

$&%!3>CK%!3>%'>A!%® $&%',(&3%'(&(&C_z"=,()B]!MF!,1=7.- 3,"$)34(&¤3+A!,%!$d3%'"=a%'()(&/+3(&()3S!MÉt' K$&()-/dG (&=-_9:"=#$)1I+iV EGFIHKJ # EGFIH WZF=FC_3+R!G/A<()"3nmh9:S(&3[%^1"9:()i(&_=Nh%'2_3$)A!1_ !#"$&%'(&>MC=FDS%!/+1-!"#1]3+%'+!5+,%!3$&%'(b=-71()9:$)B®(&/+j%71"9:1c,%!1="=^"!i9(&9:B!WKZ@(&309%! GhK3 (& ()-"=,®ÉUWY´DF=¥=¥ $&%'a(&3%'()(bC_#"=,(&fB¤(&=cÉt' ¤$&%!3+L3"$)3H(& % %'23=$)A<(&=-,!G#%'G#(&$&(&fBLMC~=8DS%!/+1¥-!,"1­3%'+*!M%'"#1¥É' -L5h,%'=N%!¥=*%'#P=(&CK%'+$)B¦' -ÊA¨%!$&"0%'@D"$&1IG 0:PU 9:+1­M!@z"=? $&%',(&3%'(&sW

ZF=­1#"9:1 3$)AU(b=-]M,C =¥D%!/+1°3+%'+](&3i1#"=­(& #%'i+Æ=®3+i!M*%1%'23%!9:I%!33+<9(&%'+1DF()]=I$&()-/^!MF(b9:!9:*h$b%',(&3%'()5%!1Æ(& #%',8+®=H(&CK#"=Ét' ^$b%!3+ $&%',(&3%'(&41,()A<(&=-F+a%!3()()#3¶MOCwV EGFIHKJ # EGFIH +8XDC EGFIHKJ #&% FIH 5!MOCwDFS=d()(&3F(&CKC_1(b%'+$)BK:P=9()+1j+KV EGFIHKJ | % FIH 5DN=9:^()@9%!¥1=9%BI+K=*"DS%!/+17-!"1­3+%'+!W

ZF=>e++1] $&%',(&3,%'()¥(bC_#"=,(&fB7!M?.- (&3?(&®MO%!(&^%'-!C_/^DF()®=_ $&%',(b3%'()®(&C>Ç#",()fBc%'4(&38CK%!3"=1Æ"3(&=-­X!¦§ Ét' Ét¨VÆ!(&9%!$[#"C_#(b=-=W ()-"=,LÉUWY¦¥3=\DN3^=H=:Ç!(b9%!$&$)B ,1(&9:+1() ?#"=!39:#9:LA!a3"3_Ét' c $&%',(&3%'(&sW®ZF=X?#"!39:9:I!G#3+,A!1:P< ,(&C_/%!$&$)B4DF=i=.Ét' 4$&%!3+ $&%',(&3%'(&_(&3[3++: L (&3l -p!Ms=NA¨%!$b"=@!G#3+,A!1DF8=d$&%!3%!3¬U"%!$<%!C_"/3`!M%!9,> $&%'a(&3%'()sW [9%!4G 3+4%'`(b39:!,3+ 13+i%Kh$b%',(&3%'()I(&CK#"=,()BK!M`!,1=8.-IW

Page 126: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

" l '

50 100 150 2000

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

time (s) (approx)

She

lved

Pop

ulat

ion

0 50 100 150 2000

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

Pulse time (µ s)

Mea

n sh

elve

d po

pula

tion

()-"=,]ÉUWYÉ ·¶M%!#1°e-"= T<=$)A!1 !#"$&%'(& A!,3,"37$&%'G !,%'+!B (&C_c$&%'#3+1MO!j%3+L!M0,"#3i%'Le=PU1 #%',%!C_+a3W8[È()(&%!$&$&BÆ=¥ !#"$&%'() (&3K,#%'1 (b=¥V % FIHKJ | % FIH3+%'+!5h%!$)MOD%\Bi=,"=-I%!9,¥1%'%_3+d=0 !#"$b%'()i##%',%'()7(b39a%!=-!17+iV % FIHKJ #&% FIH WT<$)AU(b=-d#"$&3(&C_3%'. ! <5&' 0%!#1*' ! 3WZ@=1%'%.(&^=3+9:14%!1*(),1^33%!3G 1(b3+#$&%!9:1¥A!(&9%!$&$&B­GUB_%!1]H3+ 9:()A!$)B!W8JN()-/%!1®e-"= C_%!]3$)A!1®h!z"$&%'()A!,3,"3@3=$&AU(&-4z"$&3+?(&C_!W

`1^` YfDe=f>f' ¶Z@.!Gz3+A!17%!1"=S"!i9()9:BL!M¶= % [ Z°3$)AU(b=-4CK=U1IDS%!3S=0G 3+SD0!G%!(&=1sW[ 9%!Gh_(&#9:%!3+1 (&c%jU"C*G 0!MRDS%B<35()=0GUB®(&#9:%!3(&=-I=_ %'2c3=$)A!1 h!z"$&%'()MO!@=^DS%!/+1­3+%'+*!@G/BI1=9:%!3,(&=-K=0 !#"#$&%'()I3=$)A!1jMC =^"/D%!/+1­3+%'+!W

¡ 3*D%!3>C_/()=1A<()"3$)B!5=i %'2 3$)A!1 !#"$b%'()]MOC =HD%!/+1¤3+%'+I(&31#"9:171"=.+ ¡ T % %'FÉt¨VC (&L=^Ét' !C $b%!3+SGh%!CjWZ@(&3 ¡ T % 9%!IG .,C_\A!1j"#3(&=-%!(&/+M,9:Ke#$)+*!*%¥1( m ,%!9:() -!a%'(&=-=5`%!3*%!38G MO!,C_1]MO!8=IX!¦§¨C %!1É!´!´'C $&%!3,3WªF¯DRA!\5=F,1"9:()H!Ms \DS(bK=0Ét' !C $&%!3+RGh%!Cj5/!M!a1=#%!$)M =!,(&-(&%!$ \D5=DF(&$b$h$b(&CK()=^nm 9:()A!=33F!M`(&3d%',%!9,jDN()I=03@:P< ,(&C_/%!$3+"W~[M¶=^Ét' !CÊ$&%!3+dDS%!3S#$&%!9:1LL=03%!C_?!(&9%!$ %'Gz$).%!3S?(&H+a%'5=3+>%'@%!!(b9%!$seG^1/3£@=17+KG ^"3+15U#(&3@%',%!9,j9:"$b17G ^"3+M²"$QW

ZF=0nmh9:N!M ¡ T % %'NÉt¨VC~9%!¥%!$&3+_G ^1=9:%!31jGUBL1=9:,%!3(&=-_=8+!%!$#"$b3+?(&C_!WªN\DA!5(b3^DF(&$b$¬U"()K(&#9:%!3+1¤X!¦!X'C $b%!3+* ¯DR>%'*H()+,%'Æ+cCK%!(&/%!(&=3%!CK4 %'2­3,=$)A<(&=-K,%'+>®=>DS%!+1c+,%!#3()()sW?Z@=4CK%!(&®1=,%\D@G#%!92¥+I(&3.%'%!9a(&3@=0e#()+0:P<(&9:(&I!M8X!¦!X'C ¡ /0ÍW

ZF=[%!C_"/¶!M< !#"$b%'()03=$)A!18M,C ="DS%!/+183+%'+S9%!^G [1=9:,%!3+18GUB0CK%'2<(&=-=71%',2 3+%!#9:¤6+1#%'2!,;<WZ@#(&3*9%!¤G I%!99:C_#$&(b3=1ÆG/B(&9:%!3(b=-­=jÉt' !C $b%!3+ \D0!?G/B®1=9:%!3(b=-H>$b%!3+0$&(&=DF(b1=3W.ªF¯DRA!5(&9:%!3,(&=-i_Ét' !#C $&%!3+? \DDF(&="=R(b9$&"1(b=-0%!H$&C_+>$&(&CK(b%'+ ¡ T % %'SÉt¨V#C DF(&$&$=,3"$)(&i1=9:,%!3+1I3=$)A<(&=-

Page 127: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

" l <

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

Flu

ores

cenc

e (A

.U.)

Fraction σ+ Polarisation

()-"=,4ÉUWY¦ $&"=!3,9:9:*A!a3"3NÉt' !#C $b%!3+N $&%'a(&3%'()sWdX!¦§/5Ét' I%!1¥Ét¨V7$&%!3+a3F%'43%!9:!W o E Go"p # ' ! ! Go"p ! ' ! dS"=A!7(&3K3+%!1=B3%'+¥3+$&"()!M.!#(&9%!$ $)<9,­¬/"%'(&3W

7^D%!/+1j+a%!3()()WZF=¥CK%¨P=(&C4"C 3,=$)A!1 h!z"$&%'() MOC =­DS%!/+13%'+c9%!%!$&3+ÆG ¥(&C_#\A!1 G/B

(&CK\A<(&=-H=>#"=,(&fBj!MR=>h$b%',(&3%'()¥!M[_Ét' !#C $&%!3+W ¡ 0#3+/.4 $&%'a(&3%'()%' %',3¶+NG R#"=+.%'G "=¶=..- $)A!$Q5'(&C_¯AU(b=-d(&3¶+N= <W&.- $)A!$/9:"#$&1^3,"$)¶(&*%!(&CK\A!CK[(b>=d\A!,%!$b$%!1=""!i9()9:B>GUB4%'G "=@ -LW ¡ R3+/=d $&%',(&3,%'()>(&3#",()e1K"#3(&=-8%* $&%',(&3,(&=-?G %!Cp3+z$&()++R9"Ghb]+"#3+[G MO!F= -¯V*#$b%'+FG M!,F=.A¨%!9"#"C9%!7DN(&1=¯D^W[dCK%\BHG .h3,3()G#$)N+K"3+0%!=!=dB/ 0!Mh$b%',(&3+5UMO!d:P<%!C_z$)0%* $&%'a(&3(&=--$&%!3,3K $&%',(&34!I©?$&%!<ÇfZ%B<$)!i#,(&3C75[+¯AU(b1=7(&C_¯A!1 $&%',(&3,%'()¤#"=,(&fB!W "=,=:P< ,(&C_/3.+I9a=92¥=> M!aCK%!9:4!M=>D%\A!#$&%'+K%!1®=4 33()Gz$)^G#(),M,(b=-!9:^!M=8A¨%!9""#C 9%!7DF(&#1=\DF3d%',8=1=1sW

Page 128: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

R

Z@NCK%!(&L%!(&Cp!M(&3RD!2i%!3RG i+>1=A!$)!7%*+9,(b¬/"=.+4%!1<Ç "==?3+#(&H3+%'+?!M¶%+,%'#h1­()I!M1!$#\S%g|¥DF=7=^(&j(&3@(&I^!M`=*ghCK%!¥3"=G#$)A!$b3S!M0-!"1j3%'+!WZ@F"3+N!Ms=3+?g CK%!H$&A!$&3+43++!.=N¬U"=G#()!M¬U"%!/"C(b=M!aCK%'()K(&3R%!1=A'%!%'-!"3MOC =Lh(b*!M@AU(&Dp!M@:P< ,(&C_/%!$R¬/"#()C_/38Æ=7$&%!3+>3+B<3++CK35\DA!_=$&%!9,2K!M¶%!H"!i9()/R,%!1="=S39,=CK.%!3(&#1=1K1=A!$&!#C_/R!M#(&3[3+B<3++CE%!3S%*¬U"%!/"C(&M!,Ci%'()i#U9:3,3+!WZ@=?=D°+9,#(&¬/"31A!$)! 1H1",(&=-^?9:",3+.!M¶(&3RD!2KDm %_DS%B7%'"#17(&3S#!G#$)C7W

ZF=@%\A!FG _CK%!/B>3+#3(&>=@1A!$)!#C_/!M =d%!1="[C_=<135G !>=!,ÈÇ(&9%!$%!17:P< ,(&C_/%!$QW /07=^:P< ,(&C_/%!$3(&1!5=+9,(b¬/"=3F+H3+%'Gz(&$&(&3+0$&%!3@M,¬/"=#9()3%\A!?GhH(&/A!3+()-%'+1I%!1i%4Ì"1<Çf¢.A!ÇfªN%!$&$h$)<92K%!3RG H(bC_#$)C_/+1_H=.!Ms=$&%!3>3BU3++Ci3W Z@(&3*fBU H!M.$)<92%!34G M"#1+cG LA!BÆ3+%'Gz$)L%!#1ÆM²%!(),$&Bc3,(&C_#$)H+3+0"=¶5 3I(&.3"$&1¥Gh4%!3+B¥+j(&C_#$)CKN¥"0!=0$&%!3+^3+B<3++CK3?()M,¬/"(&1sW ¡ ?=C_CKS=?$)<92i3+%'Gz(&$&()B>(b3R$&(bCK()+1KGUB_$)9:+#(&9N(&3+N%!#1L$&\D°3()-%!$h3++=-!I1"F+4=3Ci%!$&$s%!C_"/@!M`$&%!3+F$&(&-@%\A¨%!(&$b%'G#$)0MO!@=^$)<92hW/0¤=I=!(&9%!$@3,(&1=!5[%cCK%/]+!i%!9,#()A!C_/K!MF(b3*#>]È9:K#%!3>Gh¤+ 1A!$)!%

3"#()+>!M "#* ,!-!,%!CK3?+j9%!$&9"$b%'+_=_G %A<()"=?!M= !$#S%g|c()c"1=0%IA'%',()B¥!M9:1#()()3W !K3++%!1=B/Çf3+%'+N%!#1*+a%!3()/`Gh#%A<()"=9%!>G S3,(&C*"#$&%'+14M!%^ghCK%!_3#$&()[Çf3+B<3++C7W "="FD!2>K(b3[3+R!Mh#!-!,%!CK3R9:"$&1_MOU9"#3L(&9$&"1#(&=-N(&iC_!()inmh9:3%!1ÆC_!L9:C_#$&(&9%'+1Æ$)A!$[3+,"9:"=3Wy[ 8CK%\B %!$&3+­G _D!/DF(&$)_+®+,%!3,$&%'+K=L9:!U"C_,(b9%!$zz%'d!M¶=0#!-!,%!C (&/+_%!=!=F$b%!=-"%'-!!53"9a7%!3 534#%'F()d9%!7G Na"I= /NPUMO!,1­/+^MO!?"#%!"C C_#"=%'(&79$&"3++@!MT<"ID!2<3+%'()3W/09:I=73(&C4"$&%'()Æ3+!MD%',7D%!3_1=A!$&!h1¤()4DS%!3_"3+1Æ+ (&A!3()-%'+IA¨%',(&"34fD'Ç

#!+ 9:=9:inmh9:3WH¢.%',2®,3+%!9:_:P< ,(&C_/3?DR,K M!aC_1c"3(&=-I=iX!¦§¨#C%!1>É!´!´'Cw$&%!3,3%!#18=3"#$)3e++1>"3,(&=-@=S3++%!1=B/Çf3+%'+@3+$b"=()3¶!M=!(&9%!$ $)U9a¬U"%'()3.!M4(&-?$)A!$V % FIH V % FIH XDCEGFIH>3+BU3+C7W^Z@=3+*e3?%!$&$)¯DR1®=>1%'2j,3+'Ç%!#9:N39%!3[+*G F"#3+1K%!3%81(&%'-3+(&9d!MCK%!/B>:PU ,(bC_%!$##%',%!C_+a3 $&%!3+R(b+3,()()35 $&%',(b3%'()3.%!1]$&(&DF(&1=35#%!1c=_%'#$b()1¥Ci%'-=(&9>e$&1W@[ 9:,%!3+1]()cCK(&9:CK!()DS%!34!G#3+A!1+®D%!3Æ"=4=I1%'2]3+#%!9:35(&1(b9%'(&=-j=L3+3(&()AU(&fBc!M@fD'Ç #=!+,U9:333+^=@C_!(&%!$=3+%'+@!Mh=@()s5/%!1>=d3+#%!9:dDF(&1=>z$&%!9:1_%!K"= `G "17^+C_ ,%'"=0!M`=^(&sW

ZF=F()-iCK%'-=(&9de#$&1_%!1="[39,C_ < ÉU5#¦=5V /=zDS%!3[(bC_#$)C_/+1_G#"M"#1>+*%\A!3+CK>1#(&3%!1=A'%!%'-!3W?ZF=*CK%!(b¥1(b3%!1=A'%!%'-!>DS%!3N#%'?3DF()9,#(&=-i4(&-­e$b1¥%' !ªN«9%!"31 +,%!3(&KCK%'-(&9Ie$&134%'iA!/+1%]3+%'G#$)j$&\D~CK%'-(&9Ie$&1¤MOC G (&=-!G%!(b=1sWZ@(b3R#A!+1j=^(&()(b%!$#3+%'+^ !#"#$&%'()LM,C Gh(b=-*##%'1I(&7%>#".3%'+%!1D"$&1ÆG HA! C_!,L!MN%¥#!G#$)C (&%­M²"$&$¬/"#%!"C (&=MO!,CK%'(&:P< ,(&C_/W]Z@=

!

Page 129: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

" !X(&-je$&1j%!1="=?C_=<1jDS%!3N%!$b3+iM²%!(),$)BI3$)¯D 1#"=^+L=*$)-i(&C_!5h3+A!,%!$CK35z¬/"#()1+i3DF()9,j=8()-7Ci%'-=(&90e$b1sW

Í­=<13?+7%!1]".>3%'+K!M[=K(&®"#3(&=-I%7JF%'G#(NhÇ #"#$&3+4!^%­T<Z [ÈJ ¡ Ì°<9:33+c=7XDC FIH 3=$)M@$)A!$RD7(&A!3()-%'+1=!(&9%!$&$&B!WcZF=3+IC_=<13*%',L3+#3()()A!L+=^$b(&=DF(&1K!M=^$&%!3+,3d"#3+1s5<DF()L=0"!i9(&9:BL1!#(&-8Dm]3%'#$&Bi%!3d=0+!%!$$b%!3+$&(b=DF(&1=](b9:%!3+3*%'Gh¯A!]Í­ªN«HMO!4=H(&/+3(&()3^%!99:33(&G#$)H(b]"=4:PU ,(&CK35DF(b9,$&(bCK()?=H%\A¨%!(b$&%'G#$)iJN%'G#(MO¬U"=9:B!W % ()^<9:33^D"$&1=9:i,¬/"(&_G !]=LX!¦!X'#C%!1KÉt¨V#C $&%!3+,3+0G d()-$&B^3+%'G#(&$&(b3+1*%!#1*@()>C_!()_CK(&#(&CK(&3+15\3(&-.1(Q!i9"$):P< ,(&C_/%!$s9,%!$b$)=-!3W

Z@DR_C_=<13D0(&A!3()-%'+17=!(b9%!$&$)Bi%!1L:P< ,(&C_/%!$&$)B_%'SD0(&3+#3()()A!+®$&%!3+*$b(&=DF(&13N%!#11(&1]!^¬U"()K%¥$&%'-!iCK%'-(&9Ke$b1sWiZ@=ie,3+^C_U1s5G,()-/3%!9:N3,=$)A<(&=-=5"31i%!i(b+3.Ét' !CE$&%!3+R+*9:%'+?% %!*,!e#$)@(&_FDF(&-^!M =3(b=-$)@#!+L%'Gz3+!()H3+ 9:+,"C!M=0X!¦!X'C $&%!3+WZ@=NDF(&1=i!M(&3 %!=>!ez$)@DS%!31=3,()-=17+HGh*C*"9a­$)3,3d%!j>ghCK%!¥3+#$&(&+(&=->G fD­=*¬/"=Gz()@$)A!$&35z3+K%'N= !#"$b%'()_9:"$&1iGhF!(&9%!$&$)B4#"CKh1_3$)9:()A!$)B_MOC N¬U"=G#()$)A!$#+8=.3=$)M $)A!$QW[ DS%!3SM"#1L%'S(&3SC_=<1I9:"$&1I%'+%!(&7%>3=$)A<(&=-*"!i9()9:BH!M ' -L5$&(bCK()+1HG/BK.a%'()!M0ghCK%!¤3+#$&(&+(&=-j+]$&%!3+_$&(b=DF(&1=W3[ #9:%!3(&=-¥=7CK%'-=(&9Le$b1+ ' © 3"$&1(&#9:%!3+0=^"!H9()9:BL!M#(&3dC_=<17+i=%'.¦' -LW

ZF=d3+9:1_C_=<1s5!$)9:+,CK%'-=(&9%!$&$&B4(&#1"9:1*+,%!3+#%',9:BH± % [ÈZN³3$)AU(b=-=5¨"#3+1_%!(&/+3+4Ét' !C $&%!3+F"#=1j9$)3+*+i3%!9:8+I9:%'+>%iU"$&$s(&j=*%'G#3!()¥3+ 9:+,"C!M =FX!¦!X'Cp$&%!3+[(&Mz=@(&K(&3(&>=F!Mh@¬/"=Gz()3+%'+3[Gz"==!=@!WZ@=@()_(&3=!(b9%!$&$)BK#"#C_ 1i+_=03$)M¶()M¶(&S(b3(bH0D%!/+173+%'+!WRZF(&3SC_=<1I(&3S(&+,3+(&=->MOC%4M²"1%!C_/%!$h¬/"%!/"CEC_9,#%!(&93 (&R!MA<()D^5<%!3d()R(&H,(b9()#$)d%!$&$&\DF3SC_%!3"C_/R!M=?%!=-"$b%'RC_C_/"Cp!M=.()i+4G FC_%!3"1ia%'=R#%!i=.=-!B!W % PU ,(bC_%!$b$)B()?DS%!30MO"1®%'0(&303,=$)A<(&=-IC_=<1®%'+%!(b=1 %73=$&AU(&-H"!i9(&9:B­!M@§¨ -L5¶$&(bCK()+1®G/B $&%',(b3%'()^(&CK#"=,()B.(b0=Ét' !#C $b%!3+%!14$&%!3+$&(&=DN(&1=?DF()*%F3Ci%!$&$9:/+,()G#"=(&^MOC()ÆC_!()sW ¡ Æ(b9:%!3+K!M^ -(&Æ3=$)A<(&=-I"!i9()#9:B 3="$&1 Ghi!G%!(&=1G/B](&C_#\A<(&=-=8h$b%',(&3%'()L#",()fBH!M`=8Ét' !C~$b%!3+W

2Ä Á¨À9#Á Z@=>1=A!$)!#C_/.!M[%H3,"99:33+M²"$,%!1="=.+9,(b¬/"=4%!$&$)¯DF3N¬U"%!/"C (&<ÇMO!,CK%'()*:P<ha(&C_/3+FG Rh,M!,CK1sW¶Z@==:P<3++>(&^"¶:P<ha(&C_/DF(&$&$Gh[+N!G#3A!JN%'G#(&?!z(&=-4GhDR­=^¬U"=G#()d3+%'+3W[@3,="$&1IG 0=!+1j#%'d=^A<(&3()G#(b$&()fB_!M=^JN%'G#(?!##(&=-_(&/+MO9:^MO,(&=-!3d(b3@=!F$&(bCK()+1LG/BI=8%!1="=@"!H9()9:B!5#%!3N%K39%!$)89%!­G 0!G=Ç%!(&1>G/B*!(&9%!$<#"CK#(&=-.(&+?=@3#%',%'+@¬U"=G#()`$)A!$&3`G MO!d%.JN%'G#(5?!z(&=-F:P< ,(&C_/(&3N MO!,C_1sW[ (&(&%!$s:P<ha(&C_/3FDF(b$&$1=,(&A!8=4+,%!3(&()­G DR®=>¬/"G#()N$&A!$&3N"#3(&=-%i,%!1()'Ç MO¬U"=9:B7CK%'-=(&949:(&$QW ¡ M+.(&3N(&3F%!99:CK#$&(&317=*Ci%!3+++Çf3$&%\A!KX!¦§¨C$b%!3+3+B<3++C 1(&39"3,3+1c(&TU9:()UW£VjDF(&$&$G K"3+1c+®1=,()A!>=HJF%!CK%!]+a%!3()()cG DR=¬U"=G#()d3+%'+3N+K!G#3A!8JF%'Gz(M?!#(&->%!#1I+i MO!,CÊ3(&=-$&?¬U"=G#(&R-%'+*!ha%'()3W

Page 130: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

0 R

! "$#&%(')+*,-'/.102 "10234567+348):9-;9<=-"1->@?A5B,"$#DCE#-93F8G8H "$>6-"28I5@3J978GKL8HM3J798GKON- "&?PQ;2 9 3F+978)->?15O#SR97-,'T*U,98H ?2'G<+V68WL XL/7Q97- 'Y,"2>O8G3J,Z,8)"2 975N[X3F;\X"+"17! 73J978GK+')+3F+"1+L

]^"_,9>6+9M7`[a`N+8G-"X7'G5bN- 'HN[0'H7cd+*,X'G08),"b e7d567+3f:>+"28I5&3J798GK8HE9 "2=g,973F->8)"1Q*X-Nh7,9ig,973j?A5d7 kA8)"ZQ-'G-3l-"17iN+,')03F"6%(mM8)Mg97,3jn3F 978IKTV1 "2>F7E97-0'G8)"ZQN[X'G023l"*,-N[X93d0'I78G;2'G8)->&?A5&J=8)3F8G'H 978I53F 978IKJX?67,8G"SJN+,')03F"O*X-N[,9M,o9< 'YN[A+aJN+8G-"17-LpQ+K 3F;') o79-'G-*,-'Y=56=+38)!N+,"28H>6+97->?\-'GmL

2Q>6+"28G5`3J978GKV2q\VAgX9c79-'G-*,-'Y=56=+32,r7cg,973qlsut vw7wxv6w R vwy,zv R wxv R7R v R yXzvAyhwEvAy R vAyy+

8)"@|S ~),Q5A"17KTV6mM-9Fz3F< "2Ml"-m97mL2*,-N[X9pgX93f 8HM3J798GK8HM+"\N[

qFst v6w7wxv R wxvAyhwxvw R v R7R v1y R vwyv R yvAyy[HmM-9J8H2c9 "2;\1=x,;P+97,9<L

23F 978IKF9 "\gX9378)!*,-N[X9r,eN+,"2=7,"1MN+A[a`N[8)+"17r7Jd*X-N[,9M,97-,'YN[A[a`N[8)+"18), s EU1- ,W2<T AT\+ XY\-T ,P+ XgP BT ATg+! XT\

XY\-T 1P+ 1(2UBT ,TW2+ 1TPUBT XW\+! 1TP28G"A*,-97n9 "2=g,973J8),"8)!Z,8)*,+"?A5

r w s !<T=1+ XT\+ AT\+ XY\- T\U@T X+T ATg+ XT\ XT\+ 1TPU@ X^+$T YWBT 1P+T XT\+ 1TP

|_ ~GX:N+6>6xFZ,-"+97n7Z,-"+9 '3J798HN[<8)ZX8G*X+"O?\-'GmLXA ¡U¢£ ¤, ¦¥A§X¨2©Xª «P¬Xª©A­6®¯°±²1³ ©X¢X6ª1 ´_«P­X¢Aª£Uµ¶¥¢1¨2­X¢¡,¤ 6·©XªA¢\´¸©Xª «¹£U¢£ ­, $«­X¢Aª£X¡,©2´² £< u¡,¤6® «2 ¶·©2¡¢6¤Xª¶6¤Xª «º¢¤¶­¶·©2¡¢¤,ª¤1¦ª©A­6®¡,¤A©XAP£1¡6£©, 6¢P´¥6§\´U»­XªP´,©e¯=°T¼¬o½=°¼¬\±Y¾6¤Xªu£§T¿¹À(°

6¤XªÁ1§P£À^°££§A§6Á

Â6§e¯-£,ÃP¿X±XÄ°6Å6Áo¾¥/¯=Âi½=±§¿T¾

©6®´ ©¨V

Page 131: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

ll : @ " t

£U§o¯-£,ÃP¿,±1Ä°6Å6Áe¾ÂÁX§o¯Á6ÃP¿,±1Ä°6ÅP£Y¾¥/¯=£¹½=£1±§e¾¥/¯=£¹½=ÂÁ2±§e¾¥/¯=ÂÁo½=£1±§ÄA´ 1ªA¢e¯hÃ\¿,±¹¾¥/¯=ÂÁo½=ÂÁ2±§Ã2ÄA´ 1ªX¢/¯Ã\¿X±Y¾

©, ©,

©, XA ¡U¢£ ¤, ¦¥A§X¨2©Xª «P¬Xª©A­6®¯°±²1³ ©X¢X6ª1 ´_«P­X¢Aª£Uµ¶¥¢1¨2­X¢¡,¤ 6·©XªA¢\´·©2¡¢6¤Xª² ¤1¶ª©A­6®¡ ¤A©1AP£X¡6£ ©, 6¢\´ ¢¤º¡,¤U«2»2®1©Xµº¡,¤A©XAP£1¡6£©, 6¢P´² ¤1¶¸©Xª «¹£U¢£ ­, «­X¢AªP£1¡,©2´¥6§\´U»­XªP´,©e¯=°T¼¬o½=°¼¬\±Y¾6¤Xªu£§T¿¹À(°

6¤XªÁ1§P£À^°££§A§6Á

Â6§e¯-£,ÃP¿X±XÄ°6Å6Áo¾¥/¯=Âi½=±§¿T¾

©6®´ ©Â£U§o¯-£,ÃP¿,±1Ä°6Å6Áe¾ÂÁX§o¯Á6ÃP¿,±1Ä°6ÅP£Y¾¥/¯=£¹½=£1±§T¿T¾¥/¯=£¹½=ÂÁ2±§Ã´ XªA¢/¯hÃP¿ ±¹¾¥/¯=ÂÁo½=£1±§T¿T¾¥/¯=ÂÁo½=ÂÁ2±§\´ 1ª1¢/¯hÃP¿X±T¾

©, ©,

©,

Page 132: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

R

! #"%$#&' )(+*,(%.-/10324(%6587:9#;!5=<!<>0?"%*@<A(%;15B(DCE(+0?3(+F#?5HGI"%;J1 ,5LKM.5=F,<12N #OQPH"';!R#(%*S24"/54TU280?54*/!<=V,<1545WGI"%;X547#(+YZ9#?5[ \:]_^ V`0J03<M(%?<1"a0?*,<>1;!$,2_!0.C'5b1"c24(%?24$#?(+15X! #54Yd$@<>0?*#&e! #5H9#;1":245=R:$#;!5b"'$:1?0.*,5=RU0?* [ f/gD^ihkj #5LlnmEoip.m%qW24"`R#5$,<15=RSGI"';J1 #03<X9#$#;!9r"'<15H03<J9#;!5=<154*/15sRtFr54?"Eu hv'w`xzyDz|+%x~x,%`,#:|/+`,y%%w`@'Nzr!/, y%::yDw@/':,/#y%+w`@//:#E#':,#:|/v:'y%%w/@,|sx:#'#'',' /,%x:/w,/'zDr%x:# ,%¡z|sx:¢#%#:£%x:'w@/'zsz%x:/w+¤z%x#¥` ¦wz%/¢#¤y%:#ysw@/'# §#/%z/yD@'¨:%::%xy%`'v`vr|/y:|E%x:r:`© |/Dª'v``£#,`:|s,/¢«%#%#: ¡#:Ew,,'¡#::+A~¦%r¬NzE'`@®­¦rs¯:'/k°x`w%6«%#/%x://±N'¡::#`²°/³ w@+z|s@,|'y:|D`´/vª«%#'#`z%x6|Ev`:'@ µ/J­N`rs¯6'/¶²N``/¯z'E@=w%J¦x,''¡@x@/'¡`#¶%'¡#::+¯66° x`w%,,%¥/vsw`@/'¡::#µ`#'`@Dw%J¦x@/'¡z²° #'#:x/w%,,'¥'v¤/%¡#:#6|D/,/'¡:@ysw%¬Dw%A>x@'%¡r¬° r· x#`'¸¥/v¢6|D/,#EªDw`,/'¡#:v`'z|s¡#%x¤«%#':: ¡#:+w#/%@''¡:6s¯%6|D/@''¡,Ex,''¡±° r· x#`'¸¥/vª/%,,D¤Dw`@/%¡#: v:%ªz|D¡#+xª«%#'#` ¡#:+w, µ#%¤//'¹'',¥«%#'#`£%x# ³ ¡#`+w,,|sx/,ªy%+w`@//#,:|/»ºQ« ³,¼«'`½`'#,¬s6>µ`#%z¬°³ `½`'#,¬s6>µ`#%z¬°

v:'|Ez¬­¾x`w%z««_'%@/'¡k=|`­¾z|D/,'%¡¿=|'`D`'¡::`¬4|/¬°³ _'%@/'¡k=|`­¾z|D/,'%¡¿=|'`DM~>''¡`::²=|/­Q'¡#/#²=|/D¿°%x#«/%:@D#r|E'r¬_«À`!Á¦µ/#'k>µ/:'r¬°³ %:@D#r|E'r¬ ³ À`!Á¦µ/#'k>µ/:'r¬°

MÃ`Ã`à %x:|=xĺ36°iz ¼ #,:|/Âs/½:'#,²D6>µ`:'z²°z//½:'#,²D6>µ`:'z²°Âs'¹`#%x±,~>/z¬­¦zsk1+x,,6Dz1,¶+`%¯6%/¬°z/'¹`#%x±!%x,,¬s6!#¶+rs¯6+¬#~¦//±­Q`'@¬°ÂD+#@D#@|+'r¬iÂ6À/1ÁÂ>µ``'¿¦µ`:'@¬°

Å+Æ:Ç

Page 133: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

!""#$%&(') Å+Æ+*z`+#@D#@|+'r¬izkÀ/1ÁÂ>µ``'¿¦µ`:'@¬°

-, @|':|sx:+x#¤'%,'z|=x:%,%#'#'@¢|sx/, ºQ«Â ³#¼ #,:|/v:'|Ez¬­¾x`w%z««sJN/%@/%¡¿=|`­i6|D',''¡¿8|`²!/+@%'¡k4|`®­¾r|D/#/%¡¿4|/`s#'%#%#E±N%¡:`#6=|`/²°«+±N/%@/%¡¿=|`­i6|D',''¡¿8|`²!/+@%'¡k4|`®­¾r|D/#/%¡¿4|/`s/:@|'+`E±N%¡:`#6=|`/²°%x#-, @|':|sx:+x#¤'%,'z|=x:%,%#'#'@¢|sx/, º3Â6°z ¼ ,,`|/zD/Dr/¹`:%x±4D#'´#!#¶%z4¯6%²N'%:':+±!`#`E¯%¹`:%x¿N/E,%#+¿N@'¬_s#'´`ÂN#¶+//¯6+`²°zD/%#/¹`:%x±4D#'´#!#¶%z4¯6%²>:@|%%/+±!`#`E¯%¹`:%x¿>##|/+`+¿N@'¬_s#'´`ÂN#¶+//¯6+`²°-. |sx:',¥,|sx,`%¤y%D,6|=x,'z|++xz /vE#%#,6|D'£r'¸z|8,w+£| à à º¾¥ ¼ |=x y%+w`@//,,:|/-/ ,#%¡#,yE:'r '#¢v:+w`x#|sx¥w`xzy%%w/@// ,,:|/ :´vr|sx:r|sx:£',¢#,:|/ /v/,x`w,`#D,#y%£/vzD`+z'¸/¡#,y`+%x`w@`1v'w@/®!zD'%z/¬°

0:@`|E½:¾r'¸`¡#,y/:¬°¡#,yD21%::%:`½:':,¬szQx`w%r«,²° '`:'¢/,£x`w@/#D,,y+ ¡#,yE:'r:´¤« 1%`:'¢/, z%¸z|8,w%¢¤,,`|/¡#,yE#%r:´¥/,@|s¥¡::+w,¢/vª«v:'|Ez¬­¾x`w%z«¡#,yD:Ez'¸/¡#,y`¬#­'4|/²°y%%w/x:::Ák°`6|+/ x,'+A1¡#,yEr ¼ Á Ã43 65 ,+w@',87:9E`Á;7 `w:¢x,`/¢#¥:`'%¥v:'x`w%z%z|/y%:|8,:##y:|/:|++x¡##yE::zs`D¬¶E¡:,yE±°y%+w`x::@y+%w`x::¯z6°%x#¡#,yD21%::%¿=|`E,y%%w/x`¿°%x#~=<± · `@%%`¿1¡##yE21+``'z6°z'¸/¡#,y`+Dz'¸`¡##y`¬#­% · ¬°

-. |sx:',,,:|/¡##yE#'r£|sxª',w`xzy%%w/@// #,:|//,%y+'`#,s,%x# #¢/,,,`|/ ¡#,yE:'r|sx/,ªy%%w/@//,#:|/x,%`#,:|/+/½:'#,²1µ`:%¿>µ``'r²°v:' |E6¬­ix`w%6«¡#,yE/µ/w%r'z|D/@/%¡k=|`6°w`xzy%+w`@//:>#,yE:Dr'¸`¡`,y/²#­'4|'¬° #%¢/,¢¡#,yE#%¥/vr'¸z|8,w+£ v:%¥'6|/¡#:+w#¢/v¤«y%%w`,//->##yE:@D#%r%®>z|s'@/+¡¿4|/¬=646¦µ/#%±4'¬° /,,,:|' ¡:,yE#'|=xª/#¤y+%w`@/',,:|/x,%`#,:|/¬#­'>¡#,yD/µ/w%²E%w/xry%%w'@''->:,ys±°v:'/6²­¾x@/'¡k=|`%rx,%:?:xzy%%w/6>#,yE`:zs/s¬¶Dw'xzy++w`,/%->:#yE¿°x,%:§:%w`6>:,yE:#«=¬¶`y++w/@/%->:#yE¿°x,%:?:xzy%%w/6>#,yE`'x,+:?`xzy%Ew`@>:,yD2ADx,%EJ¦x,E#§:Ew`@>##yDz6°x,%:§:%w`6>:,yE:'x#%#§`+w/6>#:yE+AEx,%+M>x#+#§`%w'6>#:yEr¬°w`xzy+%w`@/'->#,yE`'x,+:?`xzy%Ew`@>:,yD±°y%%w/@//->:,yE:'x#%#§`+w/6>#:yE¿°¡#,yD`µ/w%r'¡#,yE`µ'w%6@z°x,%/,,:|/²,­'>¡##yE`µ'w+¬E'w'xzy++w`,/%->:#yE¿°%x#%x#v'w`xzyDz|+%x¢:,+@yE`¨:%x,'::Nzz1`k>%/#'r

Page 134: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

!""#$%&(') Å+Æ y%::yDw@/':,/#¥§#'%z`yD,'¨:':`%xy%`/v`v@|/y:|+%x`rv:%y+%w`@,|=x:¢#'#%/,'£',%x:/w@''zDz+x:# ,'¡z|sx`¢#'#:¢%x`/w@/'zDz%x`/w%z %x#`£¡z|+¥£`,'#+x/v¥:'#:£%x`/w@/'rDz%x:'w%¤%`#' z|' ',D#'`z|=x:ªE#%#k `|/ /,%x#¤E#%#|Ev¢x,'`z|=x#`:%`,%:66°%x#-. |D@E±ny%::yDw@/': /,x,%,#:|/E#':,x,%`#,:|/+,y%%w`@'ÂNrz1%`:'r²°-/ ,+x¥#'`¹%w:¢`6|'yDª/v¢/,,%,#:|/¢E#%#,¢y%'/#,D,+x##¢#'#`¢«`-/ ,,#:|/E#':, '#':`'#/ º¾rErºE1z6!z=¯64| à à 'z,D£@/#yE¹r®ny%+x¥#%x,%´|Evzsz A/@

`© |'E¥/v:`,,`:|=@/¢«%:'#: ¡#`+w,,'¡#`#+A~¦+z¬NzD/%/#%z­Qz=¯`%/,+:k°x`w%z«'#/%x``/±N%¡#::`²°/³ w,%z|s@#|/y:|D`´/vª«%#'::z%x6|Dv::'@ µ/A­£!`zs¯6%/¶¬N`//¯6'E#Dw+A>x,/+¡zx@/%¡:,¶%'¡::#+¯6z° x`w%,#'¥/vDw`@/%¡#:#µ`#%:@Dw%A>x@/'¡r¬° #'#`x/w%,,'¥'v¤/%¡#:#6|D'@/'¡:,yDw%¬Dw+J>x,'%¡z¬° r· x#:'¸¥/v¢6|D',,E¤Dw/@/'¡#` v:'¢z|D¡#%x¤«%:'#: ¡#`+w,/%,/'¡:6=¯'6|D/,/'¡#Ex,/'¡k° r· x#:'¸¥/vª/%#,E¤Dw`,/'¡#:v:'ªz|s¡#%xª«%#%#: ¡#:Ew,· `v@|sx#kN//`:'¡::#`²° vr|sx#£`6|'yD¢6|Dª/v¢/,£x,%`#,:|/nr'`z|D¸|'/#¥+x,,kÀ>#/v'#',,`|/ >#,y/+'x,%/,,`|'²,­'1/+,/%¡¿ · ®­i6|s/#/'¡Â · `²° MÃ`Ã`à %x:ª'¸/`#,yE/,¤y%'`##D,%x#@|sx:y%:+w%#xz

¸`/#,yE£',+`:#%`z|+'# :/Dr%x:r'v¥/#£#,:|/ >:,y`nz%`z|D¸,w@%6s:,¶%rs¯66° #w@%z|s,,|/y:|D/´£/v/,z£%'/vª/'¡::# x#%`,,`|/ z%`z|D¸¢,,E//wzyE/w`# ¹`#+x±Nz6=',`,%::,¶%+`,':¯z6°#,+,y%:`s6i,`#'z²°v:' |E6¬­I,`,'#,#|'@D#'r%¦#,:|% >:#y/¬@~1|­I#`#'±­ #w,%6%¶_,`:'`¿:­N`6°%x#

v'w`xzyDz|+%x~QDX!`ÁÂ!%#`,yE¿Nzz1`@ y%::yDw@/':,/#¥§#'%z`yD,'¨:':`%xy%`/v`v@|/y:|+%x`rv:%y+%w`@,|=x:¢#'#%/,'£',%x:/w@''zDz+x:# ,'¡z|sx`¢#'#:¢%x`/w@/'zDz%x`/w%z %x#`£¡z|+¥£`,'#+x/v¥:'#:£%x`/w@/'rDz%x:'w% z|' ',D#'`z|=x:ªE#%#k `|/ /,%x#¤E#%##,+,yE:¨:%x#'#:!z61/Âs'6° %`,%#%x Dr/:,r° `|D+z` ,%``Á//:,/° z|,%`%#/:,° `|D+z'¯ ,%`

Page 135: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

dW d

j #03<(+9#9r54*,R#07W9#;!5=<154*/!<²1 #5Xlnm+op.m'qA28":R:5±$@<>5sRH1"2=(+328$#3(E!5k1 #5A<>"'.$#10?"%*B"+G`! #5±"'9:10324(%A.":2N W5/$,(+10?"%*,<GI"';M! #5+KA(! <>-:<>154Y hkj #5W<>0?Ya$,?(+10?"%*t9,;1":285sR:$#;!524"%*,<10?<>!<M"+G#",;!<>1?-UR:5$",*#0?*#&a! #5B<>-:<>15=Y 9@(+;N(+YZ58!54;N<0?* ( 28"'*%",&'$#;!(+10?"%*&",?5t<>$@2N ('<W1 ,5U587#(+YZ9#?5t<1 #"EuX*0.*(':5=2_!0."'* K h.]'h j ,5ZGI$#*,2_!0."'*()!*,+.-/+1032 0?<e1 #5=*2=(+?.5sR !" 9,;1":R:$,245)( 9,."%Z"%G! #5 ;15s<>$, "+GH1 ,5 2=(+328$#3(E!0."'*²V¿GI"'; 587#(+YZ9#?5 1 #5 0?"%*54,$#"';15s<12454*,245 ('< (GI$#*@2_10?"%* "%GÂ(c3(%<154;bR:541$#*#0?*#&@V#0 h 5 hy+:+,'E¬®° y%`+@/'k4`y%%x/,'+¬²ir':`+:'E²:²°

j #5WGI$,*,2_!0."'*6)*7+.-/+1032e24(%.3<8)!*7+:9)*7;MV,uX #032N 0.* 1$,;1* 24(%.3<<)!*7+:=3>?; h)*7+1=@>?;03<J1 #5B ,5=(+;1X"+G®1 #5a<10?Ya$#3(E!0."'*BA`1 #03<JGI$#*@2_10?"%* N(DC%5s<A1 #5e<1-:<¦!54Y9@(+;N(+YZ58!54;N<A('<J0.*,9#$:(%*,R;!58!$#;1*@<A1 #5eR:5=*,<10¦-SYZ(+1;!07S54C%"'.$#10?"%*t"'9@5=;!(+1"';=V:(FEHGJI6EHGWY (E!;10.7UGI"%;b(%*KE)Oi?54C'54²<1-`<>15=Y h)*7+19L)!*,;R:5=24"%YZ9r"'<15=<1 #5c54C'"%?$:10?"%* Y (E1;!0.7 0.*/1")( 28"'Yc9r"%*,54*/! ,(EeR:"`5s<*,"+e2N ,(+*,&%5eGI;!"%Y <!24(%*9r"%0?*/H!" <!24(%*n9r"%0?*/B(%*,Rn( 28"'YZ9@"'*#54*/H1 ,(+W03<H9#;!"%9r"%;110?"%*,(%¬!"t! #5 <12=(+*n9@(+;N(+YZ58!54; hej #5L5=C%"'.$:!0."'*Y (E!;10.7aGI"';¿5=('2N Z9@"'0.*/¿0?*Z1 #5<!24(%* 24(+*c! #54* Fr524(%?24$#3(E15sRc58TU280?54*/1?-%V'uX0! #"%$#M24(%.?0.*,&M)!*7+:=3>?; GI"';¿5=('2N <!24(%*S9r"%0?*/ hNPO$Q RTSVUXWZY\[^]Y6UJ_`UXW]8ab]c_edf[^] ``/````/````/``///``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'` 5 A': 06A':!g6A' 5 #:%¡z|sx`ªE´rE:DXDÁ¥/'¡::# ``/````/````/``///``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'` §:::y:|sw% s,:%¡z|=x: ``/````/````/``///``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'` `© '¡::,'#sz'#'@`/'¡` ~QÁk!ks=¿° /© ¡#`+w,, /vª/'¡::#| à à 5 0Tg:/'¡` Á Ã43 ¶Â~86 k /¿° «¢¡#`+w,, /vª/'¡::#| à à 5 A/: 06A/:!g6A/E´rE:D#D6''¡/6 Aih Ãkj !l#:° '¸ry:|D:/E#%#¢:,y%'´¢:'#¤|sx ³ 'r/'¡:`,y%'´:M~¦Ák!Ák¦#Dz'%¡/° im `/%¡#::,y+'´#'#, zs`Á Ãkj l±° `/:Á à Á`Á?nk° ::%xzyD6|=x:£#'r|+,v:'¥:#y%'´¥v/#D%¸ry:|D#'ªE#'#im ` ::%xzyD6|=x:£#'r|+,:#%xryD:#'` D#'r%Â,~86!k k /¿:~8z=6=6>/k#~8zsr¦ @6Q /'¿ k @²° ~_6 Ák1Ák° Ã`Ã`à 6 Ák1Ák° Ã`Ã`à z6 `k!Á'¿°/'¡#+w::6E:Dw%J>`#%xrys`#'kÀ4²° :#y%'´¢#':¥+w:/vD´rE#D¤v'#D /'¡#`| 1%¡#%#:`£''¡#: ,':Dz'#%r/'¡/#'+¬+M~>`/'¡¿°!:'%¡¿°N/+¡:`#y+'´±°1/%¡:%w`:° ``/````/````/``///``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'`

Å+Æ%o

Page 136: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

'% '%$ Å ``/````/````/``///``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'` `© ,+'£,'#sz'#'@/,Dx#Dz,+ÂÀ j ÂÀ``À 3 ÁkÀ ®° µ#Dz# /v¥',¥/,%'@#6DÁ° w:6 à jij lr¶DM° im `@#|+/ z''x,'z|/yvr|+:'¤|=x¤¨ à 0:/vr|sx,','#,,y+%wz% |Dª/v`v`,yEr /#',%'¥:''w`x6|sx:@· j '6D:°S j '#+wM°U j ,4@66°U j %6|E`Ák°U j ,D#:Á°t#D j /:Ák°· 3 Á'`Á`Á`Á°S 3 Á'%h6A 3 ¶swM° 3 Á,4r`Á à Á`Ázz°Z 3 Á%6|E`Ák°U 3 Á,D#:Á Ãkj?j?j °Z#D 3 Á/:Á°/,D#'+¬+M~86 k · j Â1,¶Dr|/¶E j k¾ j ,8X¾ j %z|¬¾ j ,sM1#¶Dr|/¶D#s j k° Ã/Ã/Ãk k · 3 Ák!#¶D6|/¶+ 3 Ák¾ 3 Á,8X¾ 3 Á%z|¬¾ 3 Á,sM1#¶Dr|/¶D#s 3 Á/¿° ``/````/````/``///``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'` ``/````/````/``///``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'` ¨:%x#'#: #'#Dz%#'r/`w@:%/6 3 Ák° `© %x:///vD,:%¡r|sx:`w,#%#%x`#'+¬+M~iM>//w@#+'k° #%x,%#:,':Dz'#%r ':r'/x,'r|/yvr|+:%%x#£`w@#+¢r|8z ``/````/````/``///``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'` ``/````/````/``///``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'` 65 y%+x¥#'#Dz%#'r `y%+x:`´/,£ =¸:y%``¢'`#'´ `y%+x:`´/, r¢y+%x,+x:´/v À!/,,s`'±À` ÀN/,%':'±À`ÀN/,,%|sx:±À` ÀN/,+@|sx:±À/£À¦MÀ` Ã`Ã/à | à à %x:´/v/,ªy%#%,¥|sx/,¢v'w`xzyDz|+%x¢/#%xz'''# 5 y+%x 5 `k4|sx@E`r |sx y%::`y%%x à 1 , À,w@%z|²Àt#¤`y%%xz':¢',%xª%x,,':Dz'#%¢v:'ª`,yD/y%%x,@|sx` !v:''¸#s,@/#£¡#%`´/,z'/x,%z|/y vr|E:'%x#¹#`+',¥/,%'¥:%/w`x6|sx`r z%ryD,/ #:,%%x,+xzy%@ à 5 /y%`#`y%%x à ªv:' z%#¢:'#@|+# à `y%+x:`´/, /¢y+%x, À1'¸/%XÀ£8%:%¡#£v`'z|D¡#%x¥//w@#% wz`|sx: z'`r|D¸¥'¸/,+x,%x:z|E:, ' ÀN,|sxr%:%¡#ÂÀ4%:+¡#£v:'E#///´¤E#%#ª%:+w:r|+%x¢v:,E:'z ' À8Ez|s#%MÀ >`w:¢,%`#'¢#£wz%ªEr|D#%z/y%%x à #'/#'¢/,%xy%`#`y%%x à ®`y%%x``´/,/ÂÀN/,#s:%¿À/`À!+¸/+JÀ ° `y%+x:#%x::|//,¢¸,/'¸r|/ ¡#:+w#, _/,+':'/w/x6|sx:r '#¤|sx¤%x:/w@''£w`x6|D@ N`y%%x`#%x:#'#,|sxzs,,y+N/`Á'Ák1/Á/Ák!'Áz%'¶%#¶Dr|¬°@/'/`´/,/ÂÀ8D,`%¡#ÂÀ//À¦x,''¡:`:®À`'À¦,''¿À ®°z/:`+,'+²+@E`'wzyEk`À!/'¡%,%E²®À`1/%¡',%+6®/À!/#Dx:Dz:®À/ /',=x,sz#Â'ÀN/#s#'D¬®À/ Ã/Ã`Ã/,D#'+¬®/À>#%x`#%+¬²À`¦:+x`,++²¬`ÀQ:`%xrys::'kÀ`¦/#+xzys`#+z²°`y%%x/,'+¬E@E`/wryE¿`À_/y%%x/#+x`:kÀ`N`y++x::%x/#Â/À8/y%Ex:`´%,ÂÀ` :`yE%x``´'#®`À¦,'%`'´/,ÂÀ/ Ã`Ã`Ã

+@/%``´/, Â`À¦,/%¹```,yD¹¿À/s6'À¦#/'¹@`yE:'ÂÀ`='6° ``/````/````/``///``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'`

NPO ]6] _`Uab]\] a W Ua/_ S ] [ Va ! Y ] _`Ua" _

v'w`xzyDz|+%x~i#,Dw@+rE`/wryE:`@y+`%#Ex±i#,%+6:-, ''w:/xz',$#:D®|%%:%x6|+%x± v/v:,yEz|s¡#%##D¬|%%#%xz|+%xM © |sx#',//£:#y%'´%,':'#'± #'#: © |sx#'@'/%,':'#'+x#|sx#r|D¡r|E'w,::,y%'´¥+,'#':'r v:%/#§`E´@E#D

Page 137: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

'% '%$ ÅzÅ ,,%+¬+Er/:: ,'#sz'#'@® wzsw,:`%´¤+'|sx y+:%#%x::/v:%w,% #/,sx,Dz,¬N/,D#'+²¬¦#%x',%E¬¬N%'¡'#'E¬²¦:`%xryD /,s,'+¬£|/µ/¸ z'`z|s¸¥/v ~¦/%@/%¡²6Uw`/,',/%¡²6 · j nk1 j nk¦ j n,4JQ j n%z|²Q j n,s±>:D j n° /%@/%¡#kUw`/,',/%¡#k · ?h?hk Ã/Ã`à N':`'#/ª|=x |sxryE#`,`|sx: #'¡#:/+x:`/6 #%x/,'+¬£|/ ~M /`w@#+/ ``/````/````/``///``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'`//`/`' ¨:%x#'#: #'#Dz%#'r'vª':D ``/````/````/``///``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'`//`/`' #E,#'+¬ à #%x`,%+¬²s%¬° ¥³ '/x,'r|/y vr|+`'|sxª:%wz`:#%xryD:#'`E,,'E¬ à `:%xzy=::%¿° `#%xzyDz|sx:£#%z|+ z'`r|D¸`/'¡` #,'+¬ à /'¡/#'+¬¬=6:­N²° © ¡#:Ew,, /v/,/'¡#`#:/'¡` #,'+¬ à /'¡/#'+¬¬1k:­N²° «£¡#:Ew,, /v/,/'¡#`#/'¡:`,y%'´:,,'+² à /'¡','+¬² k#­!¬° ''¡#:£:,y+'´¢#'##|=x ³ #/@'@D A`,|Dv:'z|8r¥|sx¥wz:/'¡#+w::E,#'+¬ à /'¡'#%+¬6l¿:­N¬° ''¡#:£:,y+'´¢#'##|=x ³ #/@'@%w:/vE´rE#sx@/'¡`#¶%:/'¡`¯66° x/w%,,'¥'v`/Dz%xDw/@/'¡#`#6|D/,/'¡:@ysw%¬Dw%A>x@'%¡r¬° |=x#:'¸/v£6|D',,E`/Dz%xDw/@/'¡#` v:'ªr|D¡#%x z,|sx¤/'¡#:/%@''¡:6s¯%6|D/@''¡,Ex,''¡±° /%#,Eµ+z@|=x##/%x``/±_'%@'%¡r¬° x/w%,,'¥'vz,|sx¤/'¡#::| à à w`xzs@,|Dµ`#'`'6|D/,/'¡¿N+x#r²° :'#: x`w%#,'¥/v/'¡::##:/%¡:k ,¶+:/'¡ à ¶¬N`'%¡:¯6+%//''¡ à ¶¬N//%¡:¯r'D¯`Á à n 3 à A¬N#¶%`''¡ à ¶²N`''¡/¯6'/²° `© +x#:v:,yE#%/,''%,':D,,'+² à '#s,'D¬²#­%s'6° /%,'¥+x,'``´''¡#:/,Dw/`,':D,,'+² à '#s,'D¬²#­%!@6° w``,'¥+x,'``´''¡#:/,D#'+¬+D,,'+² à '#s,'D¬²#­% ±­Q%x:@¬°/,+`'r+#',D,'E¬¬#­%1@¬° ``/````/````/``///``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'`//`/`'

``/````/````/``///``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'`//`/`' /³ ''x,'z|/yvr|+:'/%¡#:¥D@#|D`z|sx` ``/````/````/``///``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'`//`/`' ¥³ '`z|D¸¢:%:#,+%x:z|sx` `6|'yDDw`@/%¡#:# ,:/%x`¥:£/6|/yDz@|=x''¡#:#v:' |E6¬­¾µ+z@|sx/'¡rsw`z¬,­%4|`EA~_²­Qµ``'`kÀ ¼ #%%,''¡k=|' ~8¬­¾µ`#':kÀ''6|s/,/%¡k=|'¬°%x#© '¡#:¢%x,%`z|+,£|sx |=x:#'##yEz|+%x 6|/yE'w:#kt::/'z|s¡##'¸ry:|s#/ªE#%#:'/w/x#@D,%r%Â1µ/#'¿¦µ/#'@¬°#Dz%¡#:#+,D,'r+Â1µ/:%±s+¬° /`Dz%xs@,|D`r|sx:/vª/'¡::#v:' |E6¬­>/%x:`'±1#:'%¡zv:'/#'%@/'¡k=|`­¾z|D/,'%¡¿=|'z/`:`/%,/'¡¿=|/%/`'%¡¿=|'¬°#Dr'¡#:#²N@EEr,¶E:`''¡¿8|`²°

:''w`x±Nk1@E`:%/w`x¿!Â!@s¯6 Ã jij l,¶%#¶s6|'¶E`:/+¡¿4|`'¶8z:¶D±°%x#

Page 138: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

'% '%$ Å:Æ%x#½:`,s@,|D:z à j?j lr¶%#¶sz|/¶E`Dr%¡::#'¶D±° ``/````/````/``///``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'`//`/`'

``/````/````/``///``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'`//`/`' /³ @|=x¥#'`/vv'w`xzyDz|+%x ``/````/````/``///``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'`//`/`' ##D®|+'@D,%r%Â1µ/#'¿¦µ/#'@¬° m #D®|'y%#:D®|%%:%x6|+%x0z|s . 'ry%/,D,'r+Â1µ/:%±>µ'#%r²° 0z|s,:'v`'ry%¢%#'#'#%##D v`v` ##s®|%° v`v:,yDz|D¡#%#:D®|%%:%x6|+%x± |sxzy%+w#r|sx` D,+x:#%x,/%wz`,y%'´¥,|8z%z|sx,'/´¢:'/w/x6|sx:Dw`@''¡::,y+'´:@D#'r+>µ`#+±¦µ/:'z6° Dw`/'¡#:¥s,%x:#+x,`%wz:,y%%´¥:'#,© |sx#:0#,y%'´`E¬D::Â4s#%r%®1µ/:%±>µ'#%r`²° ¥© |sx#',//¢:,y+'´¥%,':'#'/,Dx#Dz,+D,,'+² à '#sx,D@,¬°x`w%6',%'rE#/%x://±N'#Dx,=z#`²°im `:D,:£:|sxry'+w#:ª|E%xz'z|++x/v`v:,yDr 4%`¥«/+x6|D¹ j 3 ¬tx,'¥v'w@/%´|8,@'Dz%x::/´#'`,'-0z|Ev`v`,D,'r+Â1µ/:%±s+¬°|Ev|/+vr|+`'k¾,#'+¬®/ÀQ,`+/#%E¬®À_'#/D,,'+² à ,`%','D¬²#­%s'6° ¥© D,@$0z|/yE¹# ,'#Dr'#'r:+`#/E,,%+¬ à #/'/:'E²²,­'>@²° g/,'#+x¤+x:/w@/%¢r|/E/z|s`w:r|+%x#'#Dz%#':#% '#//½:'#,²D6¦x`w+z/,E'@`²°:+`#/`½:':,¬D6Qx/w%6%,+%@:¬°%x#%:µ#sz © |/D:@y%:/N l@¶Dx`wE6'#+'r/¬° 5 ,%x::%x,`%wr:,y+'´¥%,':'#'r %x#/,%%¤#|sx,%6|D//z/,:1E © |/E`@y%:`®D6Qx/w+6/:%%@`¬° ¥© ,%'|=x:#%xz`|D`´%#'#'#%r D `/ÁzE/Á@%`x`w+r66° ``/````/````/``///``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'`//`/`' im ,,,|D/w#`:D,z|sx:%#'#'#%r v:':,y+'´v/#D'¸@y:|D#/ªD#'#, ``/````/````/``///``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'`//`/`' v:' |E6¬­¾µ+z@|sx 1+x@+´¤yE#`':£:,y%'´%#'#'#%r¢|Ev¢/,/'¡:'´:,y%%´r =| à à x#'¥v:' z'##E#%@'@|Ev/'¡:`,y%'´¿4|`@9E:Áv:'/z¬­Qµ+z,|sx#s`z:0##y%'´:#''¡::,yE'´k4|`'¶D/#+xryD`#+¿=|6!,¬° im y%`'v`vr|/y:|E%x:£v`'¥:,y%'´ +x@%´yE#`%#¢%,':'#'r£|Ev¥'#D y%%xª:,y+'´v/#D /%¡#:ª|% ¼ /'¡::¢|Ev#D/z:0#,y+'´;9E:Á §/¨y+`/v`vr|'y:|+%x:@v:'ª«%#`«/`#+xz:|Dz|E%x sX)`Ák)%¤'#N:«%`¯6'%+`´,N:«'/¯z'Sz%`z|/y%#/v/,¢§`¨y%`/v`v,~¦sX!`Ák1%#`@yD¿N`''¡kN#¬1`/%¡¿8|``6°

µ:%x,`/£#£`w:¥/,#%4z:/ r'`z|/y+,¢|sx/,ªy%'/#,yE ',y%'z|E%xz£|=xª/#v%w@`/%,%z|sx:+,'#':'r m m Á m '%,'z|=x:¢%#'#'#%v:':|D+r:¢,|D/`ª% 5 r A/: ¼ g6A/ÂN6A/ Ã`Ã/à |+,`/'z|/+'z|+%xª|/ #:/'r|D¡# #/%#'/'¡#`'¡::@~%À m r@D#'r+1µ/#+±¦µ/#%z6°`À1,¬°

Page 139: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

'% '%$ Å Ã`Ã/à %x:`|8®|%/%,%´¢v:%z|£%x:`|D+z/¯¥#|D/:'¡::@~%À m Á/@D#'r+1µ/#+±¦µ/#%z6°`À1,¬°'¡::@~%À m #@D#'r+1µ/#+±¦µ/#%z6°`À1,¬° |=x#r|/y%#/vª/%,'''¡#:z'/z|D¸¥:/sz%x:r`'%A~ix`w%r,E`¿N/%@/+¡¿!,`²`À`­'À`¾x`w+z#D`Â>z|D',/+¡¿N,/D¿° |=x#r|/y%#/v¢w``,'''¡#:z'/z|D¸¥:/sz%x:r+z|D/#A~x`w%z,D`¿N'%,/+¡¿4|/`²`À`­'À`¾x`w+z#D`Â>z|D',/+¡¿=|//D¿°%:%x:#/M~%À/:À`!`/+±`À/`À'NEz|D'M'À4¬À¦¿°'¡::@~%À m XÀ`N+#%x`:k/À1/DJ°/À1@¬°'¡::@~%À m ÁkÀ`N+#%x`:k/À1/`Á°/À1@¬°'¡::@~%À m MÀ`N+#%x`:k/À1/%±°/À1@¬° 0:/vr|sx,/,¤D,%x::%x,`%wr:,y+'´¥%,':'#'r,`+x,Dz'A~%ÀiXÀ/`À!ÁÂÀ/`ÀQMÀ¦¿°v:%¥¹`6¬­ %¡#:@~+À!%`x,sz/¿À`À¦§¿À/Qx`w+z:E`Â=|/¬Qx/w%@,D`k!@6¦,`Ex#D@Â1¹r²/À`À`À'°`À>@¬°%¡#:@~Q%`x,Drk`À1@ /k1:D'z:0`,y+'´r'¶¬ m À/¦#`+x:Dz>¹r¬'À4¬°/À>@¬°+:µ#Dz © |/E¿s6!%`x'w%¬D'%'x,D@°%¡#:@~+À!%:µ#sz © |/s 'Â`À/¦x'w%z:E/¿!+`x'w%¬¬/À 'ÂÀ`!+/x#D@k`À/°/À>r¬°+`x`w%r`%`x`w%@¯66°%¡#:@~+À1§`¿À`1%`x,D@k/À/°`À>r6°%¡#:@~+À © E¬s:#Â!§,/¶8²D#,s¿!§ÂÀ`À8¬°/À>r© |sx#-0##y%'´: © |sx#-0#:y%%´`¯ © °sw`@/'¡`:,y%'´`@Dw`@%'¡``,y+'´:/Á à 3 ¶/ /¿!r%/¶E§kÀ8¶D§¿°%x:%x:%x#%x#%x#

``/````/````/``///``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'`//`/`' `© ,+'¥%,':'#'r/r|D¡z|sx:¢:'+¬%x#/#%'|sx,+6|E//¥`%`,,`|sx:%#'#'#%r ``/````/````/``///``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'`//`/`' v:' |E6¬­ix`w%6/#%'r+x,Dr/@yD,%¿_/,sx#Dz:¬4|//¬° ``/````/````//``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'`//`/`'`//` `© ,+' g#'#sz'#'@ ``/````/````//``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'`//`/`'`//` ',%'|sx`#%xz:|s`´¤|sx¥w`x6|D@ /v · %''¡#:®@~%À · À/N+x,DrÂ`À1`/#s#'+6¬`À/¦x/w%@,D/¿4|`6`À`4'²°`À>@¬° `'/w`x6|=x:¢v/#s:,%%x,+xzy%|sx ³ #'+A#®S¯'¡#¥¢@+w#`'/w`x6|=x:'¡#:®@~%À1¿À/N+x,DrÂ`À1`/#s#'+6¬`À/¦x/w%@,D/¿4|`6`À`>@²°`À>@¬° ',%'£,`/'z|/+'z|+%xd4D,+w@'/`¢# 6 |Ev/,'´¥:+xMÀ>|D|/£ w6|D¡::/%x:#¤|sxzyE#/,%/ · '¡#:®@~%À¦MÀ/N+x,DrÂ`À8_r:'#D,++²²:À/¦x'w%r#E/¿8|`¬'À` @²°/À1,¬°'¡#:®@~%À¦MÀ/N+x,DrÂ`À¦r|E:'#D,++²²:À/¦x'w%r#E/¿8|`¬'À` lz²°/À1,¬°'¡#:®@~%À¦MÀ/N+x,DrÂ`À8=#:'#D,++²²:À/¦x'w%r#E/¿8|`¬'À` 3 ²°/À1,¬° ',%',|=x,%6|E'/|sx ³ #/6A#'¡#:®@~%À>#sXÀ`N+x#szk'À1:'#D,++²²:À/¦x'w%r#E/¿8|`¬'À`h@²°/À1,¬°'¡#:®@~%À1:%/w`x#``%/w`x`¯@s:@|+',¬1kÀ`!+x:DrÂ`À_¶'%'¡r=w`r¬#­%N%,%/+#'Â=|`/²1ÁkQµ`#%¿¦µ`#+z²°/À1@¬° §`¨¤y%`'v`vr|/y:|E%x:rv:'ª«%,`«'`#%xz`|Dz|+%x

Page 140: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

'% '%$ Å

~¦DX1`Ák!%:`@yE¿!`/'¡Â_'#%/%:'k4|`/¬>:'%¡¿N/:Dw`',%¿4|/`'¬° µ#Dr¢/v¤',%'±ns,%w@'#¢x`w+,,'¢,'¡#`/%x:`'+x,Dr/@yD,%¿_/,sx#Dz:¬4|//¬° /%#'z|sx:£%,':'#'v:%`|D+z:¢#|D/:' 5 r A/: ¼ g6A/kN6A/ Ã`Ã`à |+,:/%z|/%'r|+%x¤|'#`/'z|D¡: #/%,'''¡#:'¡#:®@~%À m À/N+x,DrÂ`Ài,@s#%r%®1µ/:'¿>µ'#%r¬°/À1,¬°'¡#:®@~%À m À/N+x,DrÂ`À!Á%@s#%r%®1µ/:'¿>µ'#%r¬°/À1,¬°'¡#:®@~%À m À/N+x,DrÂ`À¦`@s#%r%®1µ/:'¿>µ'#%r¬°/À1,¬° |sx#@|/y%,'v¤/+,'/'¡::z'`z|s¸¥:/Dz+x:r`/%¥M~ix`w%z#E`¿_'%@/'¡kN/,+/+#'k=|'`/²`À:­'À'¦x`wEz#E/k>r|D'@'%¡¿!/,%'+,+¿=|///E¿° |sx#@|/y%,'vw`/,'/'¡::z'`z|s¸¥:/Dz+x:r+6|D'#A~ix`w+z,E`kN/%#/%¡kN/,=w`/#'k=|'`/²`À:­'À'¦x`wEz#E/k>r|D'@'%¡¿!/,sw//,+¿=|///E¿°%#%x`#/A~%À':À`N`'+M`À'`À/!E6|D%M/À8¬À>¿° '¡#:®@~%À m À/N+x,DrÂ`ÀiAÀ`!+:%x:`k/À>:sX°'À1@²°'¡#:®@~%À m À/N+x,DrÂ`À!ÁÀ`!+:%x:`k/À>:/Ák°'À1@²°'¡#:®@~%À m À/N+x,DrÂ`À¦¿À`!+:%x:`k/À>:+M°'À1@²°im y%`/v/vr|/y:|++x:£v:%ª:#y%'´#D`r:0#,y%%´:#/'¡``,y%+´¿N'#Dw`',%k=|/`%¶D`:%xryD/#'Â_',sw/`:'k=|/²N%,''+#'Â=|`/²°

`© ,+',|sx,+6|E//%,'#%#'>x#'|sxzy'+w::/ª|sx¤/v`v`,yEz|D¡:%##D®|+%#%x6|E%x6'¡#:®@~%À!%/x,Dz/kÀ/À1§#DMÀ/!Ex,D@k/À/À`À/°`À¦r²°'¡#:®@~¦%`x#Dzk`À>, '¿>:sXÀ`1+x#szÂ`À_/¶/s#@|++r¬!/%¡rsw/z6,­%`À/Qx`wEz,D/k=|'¬`À8²1Ák>µ'#%¿>µ/#+z²°/À1@¬°'¡#:®@~%À1§`kÀ`!%`x#szk'À`°/À>@¬°%:µ#sz © |/D¿D6!+/x`w%²E'+`x,=z °'¡#:®@~%À!%`µ#Dz © |'E %k/À/Qx`w%@,D/¿!%'x`w+¬¬/À +¿À`>%/x,srk'À`°/À1@²°'¡#:®@~%À © D¬D:#1§r/¶_¬s##E¿>§¿À/À8%'Á à 3 ¶8²D`#®!§¿À'À8¶E§r+'Á à 3 ¶8¬s#,s¿!§kÀ/À_¶+§,¬°`À>@© |sx#:0#,y%'´` © |sx#:0:,y%+´:¯ © °'¡#:®@~%À4>±À/N+x,Dr Ã`Ã'ÃÀi@:Á Ã43 ¶/ `¿>#D`z$0##y+'´@¶'%'¡``,y+'´Â_/:Dw/`#%¿8|`/`'¶² m À`NEx#sz`Ài@¯ m À`NDx,srk/ÀiAÀ`À8²°`À>r6°'¡#:®@~%À4>±À/N+x,Dr Ã`Ã'ÃÀ!Á':Á Ã43 ¶/ `¿>#D`z$0##y+'´@¶'%'¡``,y+'´Â_/:Dw/`#%¿8|`/`'¶² m À`NEx#sz`À!Á'¯ m À`NDx,srk/À!ÁÀ`À8²°`À>r6°'¡#:®@~%À4>±À/N+x,Dr Ã`Ã'ÃÀ¦::Á Ã43 ¶/ `¿>#D`z$0##y+'´@¶'%'¡``,y+'´Â_/:Dw/`#%¿8|`/`'¶² m À`NEx#sz`À¦:¯ m À`NDx,srk/À¦¿À`À8²°`À>r6° · x:#'##yEz|+%x¢:/Dr%x:r v`'ª/,%'¢,+,'|sx · A · +''¡#:®@~%À #±À/N+x,DrÂ`Ài,->¿À/!+x,=zÂ/Ài²¶` /k>±À`1+x,=zÂ`À_8¬¶,¶ · À/!+x:DzÂ/À8¬°'À1r²°'¡#:®@~%À #±À/N+x,DrÂ`À!Á%->¿À/!+x,=zÂ/À!Á#¶` /k>±À`1+x,=zÂ`ÀQz|/¶,¶ · À/!+x:DzÂ/À8¬°'À1r²°'¡#:®@~%À #±À/N+x,DrÂ`À¦`->¿À/!+x,=zÂ/À¦r¶` /k>±À`1+x,=zÂ`À_sz¶,¶ · À/!+x:DzÂ/À8¬°'À1r²°/³ /@|Evr|/y%%z|+%x¤ '/¤«/+x`w,'`´¢`Á`Á ¢v:' 5:/z· ,?m g #'`¹%w:'¡#%#:`¢/#%'¥%,%#'#'@%x#¢#''w:/x¥/,D ,£'¸``#¢vr|E:'@ Ã'¡#:®@~%À #,',®À`NEx#Dz`À> #¿À`NDx,srk/Ài,¯ #¿À/NEx,=zk'À!Á'¯ #¿À/NDx,szÂ/À¦¿°`À1@²°'¡#:®@~%À ##s®|%' #:s®|%+¯ ##'#®À`1+x#szÂ`À'°`À>@¬°'¡#:®@~%ÀN/#:1+ © |'D ,|':: `Â_@%/¶²¾6D`: #,%,®À'NEx,srk'À4+s²s,:E¿ ##',²À`NEx#szk'À`À/À8`²°`À¦r²°%`x`w+r:%`x/w%r¯66°im `:D,:£:|sxry'+w#:¥|+%x£z'z|++x/v`v:,yDr 4%/«'%x6|D¹ j 3 ¬tx,'¥v'w,`%´|8,@'Dz%x::/ ´#% g','#%x¥@|Ev`v'wz`|+%x¢¡##yE#'`,'-0z|Ev`v`%`,'@0r|Dv`v`¯%#s/r:0#:y%%´@¶%%#®=|/ E#¶%/+`:Â4|`'¶%/+¡rsw`r²,­+N/#sw/`:'¿4|//¬°

Page 141: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

'% '%$ Å'¡#:®@~%À . À/N+x,Dr Ã`Ã'ÃÀi@:Á Ã43 ¶/ `¿ ,¶E#D'z 0:,y+'´,¶''%¡:`,yE'´¿!/#Dw//,+¿4|`///¶6 m À/!Ex,=zk/Àz m À'NEx#Drk'ÀiJÀ/À4²°`À¦r¬°'¡#:®@~%À . À/N+x,Dr Ã`Ã'ÃÀ!Á':Á Ã43 ¶/ `¿ ,¶E#D'z 0:,y+'´,¶''%¡:`,yE'´¿!/#Dw//,+¿4|`///¶6 m À/!Ex,=zk/À1Á` m À'NEx#Drk'À!ÁÂÀ/À4²°`À¦r¬°'¡#:®@~%À . À/N+x,Dr Ã`Ã'ÃÀ¦::Á Ã43 ¶/ `¿ ,¶E#D'z 0:,y+'´,¶''%¡:`,yE'´¿!/#Dw//,+¿4|`///¶6 m À/!Ex,=zk/ÀQ, m À'NEx#Drk'À¦±À/À4²°`À¦r¬°'¡#:®@~%ÀN/# . 'ry+' . À'NEx#szk'Ài@¯ . À/NDx,srk/À!Á%¯ . À'NEx,srk'À¦±°`À>@¬°0z|s . 'ry%/:0z|s . %@y%/¯/':4|`/¶+/# . %ryEk°

%x###D®|+' ##D¬|%'¯`:%/w`x±°:,y%%´#%w::,D,'r+Â1µ/:%±>µ'#%r²°v:' |E6¬­¾µ+z@|sx:,y%%´#%w::/:,y%'´:+w::¯`/%¡:+w:¿8|`'¶%/%¡:/,y+%´¿4|`%¶`D`r|E'@²_%'¡@Dw/r¬:­'4|/²1ÁkQµ`#%¿¦µ`#+z²°%x###D v`v` ##s®|%'¯@sw`@'%¡`:,yE'´#'Á Ã43 ¶' /¿Nr+/¶E`,y+'´`%w:k° #' © |sx#`:# `k_r%'¶²¾¬=:: ##D²|%#+s²D:,Dk#:D²|%,'E¯ © |=x:-0`,y+'´¿°#' © |sx#`#: `¿Nr''¶²i¬D/# #:D v`v@+s²D:,Dk#:D v`vÂÀ4/E¯ © |sx`-0:,y+%´±°© |sx#61+z+@y+:`/,D`/wryDkN%/µ#sr © |/s± À¦x#D@kÀ//À!+MÀ Âs+¬° :,Dw@%@E`/wzyD:@E`'wryE¿/À #:s¬|%ÂÀ' #:s®|+Â'À #:s v`vÂÀ` #`D v/vk Ã'Ã`à À © |sx#-0:,y%'´±À/ © |sx# 0##y+%´±`ÀQ#% © |=x#ÂÀ`¦:' © |4x#¿'À © |sx:61+@®À/ © |=x#@1+z¬/À>½:',D,#|s±À`¦½:/#D,,|=z²°#,Dw,%rE`'wzyE:@D`/wryDk:À #`D¬|+À` #`D¬|+Â/À #`D v`vkÀ` ##D v/v¿ Ã/Ã`ÃÀ © |sx:-0#,y%%´±À` © |=x:-0#:y%%´¿/À>#+ © |=x#kÀ`Q#% © |=x#Â`À © |sx:+1Er®À' © |sx:61+@® Ã/Ã/ÃÀ40z|s . 'ry%ÂÀ`40z|s . 'ryEk/À>½``,=@#|s±À/1½/`#s@#|Dk`À¦',%@0r|Dv`vÂÀ`Q`#%@0@|Ev`vk Ã/Ã`ÃÀN/, · x:21+r®À` `'#:1+ © |'D,¬° ``/````/````/``///``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'`//`/`' ``/````/````/``///``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'`//`/`' / `:+,%¸v'w`xzyEr|+%xz:y%+x:¡#'` m ¶D£z'`z|s¸,w@%z|=@,|/y%%z|+%x #¢§@¶D±#­_' 0r¶ m ,­N ``/````/````/``///``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'`//`/`' v'w`xzyDz|+%x m E¬D::Â>6m /¹`:%x±4D#'´#Â_'+x:`%±¦z/¬¦r¬°v'w`xzyDz|+%x m E¬D,#E¿>6m /¹`:%x±> à À`8D,%´:Â_%%x`/'±>r`/²° ``/````/````/``///``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'`//`/`'

NPO <U W \]c[5Y6UJ_`UXW ]8a/] _

v'w`xzyDz|+%x¢:,+@y%`#`y%%x¿4D,'E²®i:,%E¬` ¨:%x#'#'##£`y%%x::/vr|%/ v:'ª/%¡#:¢/D##:E´rD#D N'¸ry`|D#/''¡#:|/¢/'¡:: @ D@,|D£`´£z%/x,'z|'yvr|+:' `y%+x:#%x::|/¡#,yE:'/v/,%'¥:%/w`x6|sx`r#:''z|D¡##',¢:'/w`xz|sx:r£s,,y:|Ev@|+/ª|sx/,s,'+¬ `y%+x:`´/,¥|/4¸#ªy%:`¡#,yD#' ÂÀN',,6À ' ÀN/#%kÀ``À1'¸/%XÀU' ÀN,|sxr:|8XÀ #%x/,'+¬£|/ ~i#D6/%¡k¦ r6¦ `>'/w@:%% /,s,'+¬£|/ ~i#%¬6>:'²6¦#DÂ6°Q#+#k>:+#¦#sz%

Page 142: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

'% '%$ Å:Ç`y%%x`#%x:#'@D,'E¬ à /y+%x:`%x`:°`y%%x``´/,/,D,'+² à /y++x:`´%,°x`w%,`r+#/+x:`/±8`y%+x`:%x:`@²°|Ev|/+vr|+`'k4D#'+¬®/À>:'z=:+x`#kÀ_:'²4#%x:#'@D,'E² à /'64:%x:`k°:#% :'²4#%x:#'A~Q¿°%x#|Ev|/+vr|+`'k4D#'+¬®/À>:'`':+x`#kÀ_:'#%#%x:#'@D,'E² à /':%:%x:`k°:#% :'#%#%x:#'A~Q¿°%x#|Evª/%x:`'±¾,,%+¬ à :+x`,++²`D`6/`w@:%/6DÁ/Á`Á`Ák°:#% /`w@:%/E,#'+¬ à :%x`:'E²²N@6°%x#,,'E¬ à #+x`,'+²+E##%+¬ à :+x/,'D¬²s¬­¦@6°`/'¡` #,'+¬ à /'¡/#'+¬¬=6:­N²°:/'¡` #,'+¬ à /'¡/#'+¬¬1k:­N²° «¡#:Ew,, /v/,¥/'¡::# l 5 A/k :06A/kVl?g6 A/@x@/'¡`#¶%:/'¡`¯66° x`w%,,%ª'v /`Dz%xsw`@/'¡::#6|D/,/'¡:@ysw%¬Dw%A>x@'%¡r¬° |sx#:'¸/v¢6|D',,E /`Dz%xDw/@/'¡#` v:'¢z|D¡#%xz,|sx¤/'¡#:/%@''¡:6s¯%6|D/@''¡,Ex,''¡±°'° /%#,Eµ`#'`'6|D/,/'¡¿N+x#r²° #'#: x`w+,,'¥/vª/'¡::##:/%¡:k ,¶+:/'¡ à ¶¬N`'%¡:¯6+%//''¡ à ¶¬N//%¡:¯r'D¯`Á à n 3 à A¬N#¶%`''¡ à ¶²N`''¡/¯6'/²° `© +x#:v:,yE#%µ:/µ`:'±°,% #+A~8²­Qµ`#'`¯6¬­¾µ/:' s/k°¡:vr|sx:`½:'##¬1µ`#% EÂ!'%x:'/¿8/y%%x/#+x`#,`6°¡:vr|sx#/`½:':,¬1µ`:' DÂ!/%x/`'¿8`y%Ex::+x::@'¬°,%#/½:'#,²1µ`#'¿N/+x`//±_`y++x`#%x/#,/¬°,%,'`½:'##¬1µ`#%±N'+x``/k4/y++x:#Ex::,`²°:,yE:'#`%w`:`½:':,¬>µ/:'±4'²°:,y , '#,+/½:'#,²Nk!'+x:`%±8/y+%x:`%x`:@/¬°/'¡²+Dw`z+M~8¬­Qµ`:':kÀ ¼ #/E@'%¡kD' ~8¬­Qµ/#':¿À ''6|D'@''¡ks'6°/'¡##Dw`z+M~8¬­Qµ`:':kÀ ¼ #/E@'%¡kN@ ~8¬­Qµ/#':¿À ''6|D'@''¡k!@6°:' j n%,'/:@D#@|+'@²N/'¡z%sw/r®!Á>µ/:'¿>µ'#%r¬°:' ih?h%,'/:@D#@|+'@²N/'¡`,sw/r®!Á>µ/:'¿>µ'#%r¬° · v%`%¡z|sx:v`'E#`/'´¤E#'#,+`w@/'r|+%xz `y%:/£`,y%'´#':,¢%¢/,' #%`w@/%z|+%x¢:Dz@|sxr|sxE´rE#s=| à à %/:#'¸z|_z'#:,y%'´¥+w:¤'vE´@E#D #''%6 à 5 y%:,|sx`¥/v`,y%'´¢#%#,¥|/x,'¥v'w@`+´|8,@/sz%x:#'¿)%»ÀN,|=xz%:%¡:kÀ s,%w@'%¥::,%%x:¥+x@%´¢,£wz%/v:'E´/#D¬`#'¢,%`w@''z|+%xy%%x`x#':,y%%´ +w:¤'vD´rE#D|EvE`ry4#±4`y%+x:`´/,!@¬'ÀN#|=xr%:E¡#ÂÀ8/'¡#+w::E,#'+¬ à ''¡/:'E²²l±`­_²°

Page 143: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

'% '%$ Å+*v:'|E6²­1/%x://±_/%¡#%w`r:,yD#'#`+w:¿_/+@/%¡k4|`­6|s'@''¡Â=|//E:/+¡#%w/¿4|` à ¶4:,%+² à %'¡/#%E¬6 k8|/²°%x#/'¡z|=x#6E`''¡#%w:¿°/'¡z|=x##/'¡r|sx#¯k_'%¡z|sx```Á,²° `y%`/£:,y%%´¢#'#£#|D/x,%#£:,y%%´¥%w:ª/vD´rE#D,,'E¬ à /%¡/,'+²² k`­_DD#,'D¬ à /%¡/:'E²¬ k`­_ à ¶'''¡r|=xM° `y%`/ :#%xryD6|sx:#'z|+#,,'E¬ à ::%xzyD::%:E:,%E² à /#+xryD`#+ à A+#+%@'¿_Dw+Ji#,++² à `#ExzyD`:%±>@¬=z!/%x/`'¿_''¡@|sxz/¬° x#`,y%'´%w:@:|E:E´@E#D,,'E¬ à /%¡/,'+²²l±`­_D/½`'#:¬szN'%x/`'¿_''¡@|sx6'¬°%x#

#%x::,+@y%`%#%x±i,,%E²:¬°© |sx# / '#:%/#%x::, à :% © |4x#k°y%%xzD##Dr'#%x:## à #:s¬|%° ##`%z|sx:'v`v:,yE@£x,%ªv'w,`%´|8,,/Dz%x`#/ à 5 `«/%xz|D¹ j 3 %x:¥#'v@ /,':@|sx v:'¥:%#@|%# Ã|Ev|/+vr|+`'k4D#'+¬®/ÀQ,`+±À8,`' / '21+:E¬D::1#Ex::# à 0z|4 . %ry+@6°`,'-0z|Ev`v`'#%x:## à `:'-0r|Dv`v¿À'°,`'/#,+`½`'#,¬!ÂN/Ex:/'¿4`yE%x`:%x`##`²°`#%:v/# g:'`:@ `¿!r%'¶8¬D/#i,#'D¬ à `:%`v/# ¶/D#%´#®1µ/#%r`6° `#+#v/# g#'`:, `Â_@%'¶4,:'E² à ``%:v'# ¶'D,+´#1µ/:'E,¬°%x#/³ '/z|D¸¢#¢/w:/x¥#/:z'`z|s¸¥/v¢#`:¢%x#|8z%z|sx,'/´ y+`/v`vr|'y:|+%x:@£|sx::£#'+®|Dr|+%xz%`z|D¸5 ',%+z'#/:1µ`:'z²°/³ '/z|D¸¢#¢/w:/x,%+®|Dz|E%x z%`z|D¸|sx::z'`z|s¸ª'v:`:¢%x#|8z'r|sx,'`´¥y%`/v/vr|/y:|++x:r5 :,s#/#``/%,'EJ1µ/:%z¬° µ/z'/z|/y%, %#¤|sxª¡:,yE#'v`'+ à à m #­_65 'E:'`z|sx`,%`w,/'z|++x¥@|D/#'¥%x:z|s#:%´¤|=x 5 A/kNr A/',zs@s,'r%D6s6=z>µ``'¿¦µ/#'@¬° 0#+xz:|D`´r'`z|D¸v`':` ,%`w,/'z|++x|sx/'¡#:¤¡:Ázs 5 ¶D/,zz#­_¬° %x#¤y%'`:,D,%x:r|sx:y%:+w+,x¡#,yE:'MÃ`Ã`à ' 5 A'k1¯6 A'',`/@s,'r%Nk!k=z>µ``'¿¦µ/#'@¬° 0#+xz:|D`´r'`z|D¸v`':` ,%`w,/'z|++x|sx/'¡#:£¡:Á`/ 5 ¶D/,`Â#­_¬° ¨:%x#'#'# ,'`/v'¡#:Ew:z|+%x z'`z|s¸¢/,'|/y%%xrE#%x:%w:z|sx:¢',ª`y%%x '¥/,¥/'¡:::,y%%´¥:'#,®tx#%x@#`y+%x`x,/ ,'#sz'#'@®S'@yy%%xzD?g#'```:%w`,/ © |=x# / ':`#¬°y%%xzD?g#'``/#`:® 5 ¶/y++xzEg#%/@¶ 5 /,sz¬° ¨:%x#'#'# ,'`/v z'`r|D¸¢/,'yD#%x:#, , #'#Dz%#'¤|/¥`y%+x`x,/:#% ³ ':`½`'#,¬>µ`#% Dk>µ'#% D@¬°:#%##Dr`½`'#,¬>µ`#%¿¦µ`#+z²°|EvE`ry4#±4`y%+x:`´/,s'¬'Ài#w,+z|¬À_ /³ w@%z|s,/,':Dz'#%r`y+%x`x,/%¤%xry%65 y%+x ,w@%z|=@/,%#Dz':'r'ª%xzy+k à à `y+%x:'/w`xz|sx:r+x#£'%Dr¢r|8z£# ¹#`+ª/,%'@ %xª:,%%x,+xzy%£, yD,%x::,® '`y%+x¥#:/'z|'%'z|++xy%s,,%x,+x:r® Ã/Ã`Ãr· v¢/,ª`y+%x:`´/#ª|/Ài,w@%r|¬À`n`y%+x`,'+² ,, /,'¸/`#¢vr|+:%@­ `y%%x/,'+¬ à ,w@%r|D`´'#¢|'¢¤y%:`¢'/#'´¥/vE`z|=x:r à à À¦MÀ``À!/,,s`'±À `y%%x/,'+¬ à ,w@%r|Ev:#yD¥|'¢¢¡#,yE:'¥/v¢:#%,%`z|+%x#:,|D`´¢y%+xzE#%x`r' ~86 r%¶+,¶D6|/¶8,w`#

Page 144: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

'% '%$ Å,w@%r|D`´/,'@D,'E² à :w@+r|s`´/:k°,w@%r|Ev:,yE`@D,'E² à :w@+r|Dv:,ys±°x`w%3g:'+¬+:/%x:`'¿¾,w#%r|Dv`,yE@¬°v:'|E6²­¾x`w%3g:'+¬~!`y+%x ³ '¿8`y%%x##D@/,`y%Ex%g:%#sz+#%k1/#Exz'%': 5 y+%x 5 /¿i#w@Ez|D/´'#Â8|``²#,'D¬`²°:#+ ³ ':%:#% ³ ':¯,/y+%x ³ '@¶8,w,%@|Ev`#yEk=|'¬°:#+##Dr%:#%#:Dr¯,/y+%x#`DJ°%x#:#% ³ ':/:`: 5 ¶s:#E ³ %@¶ 5 /,sz¬°:#% 65 y%+x:|=x:,/ ,%#Dz':' à 0#'#%x#'#'# v:'+/v Ài,w@+z|¬À `y+%xM ¹#%:¥v:% ,,yD¹/,':,y%D#,'z|sz|%,|D`´ Ãim #+ wz%/v'w,|Ev¤',%':%/w`x6|sx`rx,`':¢,¤`y%+x`x,/ x#%x@`,|=x,`',+´¢'¥#z'ryDª#|D/:D6|Dv/r `y%+x`,'+² à `y%+x``´/:Âs%|'¢¤E`z|=x::'#%+®|sx6|=x: `z|/yD,'#sz'#'|/¥`y%%x`x#/`y%%xrE`://#%xz''%# 5 y%+x 5 `¿_`y++x:/´/:Âs%`²°

~i::% ³ '¿¦:#%##D@/,`y%Ex%g:%#sz+#%k4/y%ExzE'±,#%+6:²°:#+ ³ ':'#`: 5 ¶D`:+ ³ +r¶ 5 :#Dr¬°~Q:%² ³ '¿1:'² ##D@/,`y%Ex%g:%#sz+#%k:À!/:D,++²¬szkl@¬À/i##'D¬:²°:'6 ³ ':'#`: 5 ¶+`%6 ³ +r¶ 5 :#Dr¬°~Q:%# ³ '¿1:'# ##D@/,`y%Ex%g:%#sz+#%k:À!/:D,++²¬!Âkl@¬À/i##'D¬:²°:': ³ ':'#`: 5 ¶+`%: ³ +r¶ 5 :#Dr¬°%x# 1`'¢¡#%r:|+%x'v 5:/r· ,?m g¤`y+%xM v:'¤,|sx#`'£`w@:%, %x@+´65 w`#'r`y%':/`´ Er|D#%:r|8z,`y+%x à |EvE`ry4#±4`y%+x:`´/,!@¬'À8Dr|s#%¿À4/,D#'+¬+D,,'+² à /:D#%E¬¬:­' ¿­>+x#,¬°/,:|=x:r+#',D,'E²®°/,:|=x:r¬,­%!@E:Á°/,:|=x:r¬,­% h@E:Á°,,'E¬ à /#D,'+²²,­' ±­¦+x:rE±~¦Á ÁÁ¥Á¥ÁªÁk°!ÁÁ¥ÁÁÁÁ'¿°|sx:`:,%Á/@y+:%#%x¿i,,++²`²°x,@|sx`:r|sx:/#,%Á à :' © |sx:k°,,'E¬ à /#D,'+²²,­' ±­¦+x:rE±~>'#:|=x:,¬sz#­N¬°¦½:'`,²Dzh@s¿°|sx:²4#,+@y+:%#%x¿i,,++²`²°/,,%|sx:/,%`:r|sx`6=#: à :% © |4x#:Ex,,|sx/±°/,,%|sx:/,%`:/#/` 5 ¶''##'|sx//#%`@¶ 5 :#s6²°,,'E¬ à /#D,'+²²,­' ±­¦+x:rE±~Q½`%##¬=6h,¬°!/::|sx/r²NÂ:­_s¿°|sx:#%#,+@y+:%#%x¿i,,++²`²°/,%,|sx:/,%`:r|sx`:'#: à :% © |4x#:Ex,,|sx/±°/,%,|sx:/,%`:/#/` 5 ¶''#+@|sx//#%`@¶ 5 :#s6²°y%%xzD?g#'``@y%%xzDig#'',/'#%@|4x:'#'/±°¡#'/#'`:#',%@|sx`','',/'#,'|4x:'#'/±°:r|sx,,|sx,Â`À/>x,%xz|=x:/:'/`¯Â12AE//w,#+@%¶E¡:%/#''z/¶s¸±À/ Ã/Ã/ÃÀ>±À/`À>¸±À`/À1v#/'¿À``À¦'/w@#EkÀ//À¦x#%xr|sx`',%`kÀ``ÀQ¡#%/#%`kÀ4²°%x#r|/D¿:À À4¬°v:' |E6¬­ix`w%,:@|Evz/k4|¬sDÁ@D`:Áv':r|sx::vk`À 63 ¿À/Qx`w+,/r%#|%@'6°%x#`@`y+%x:#%x`#Â=|`²°

Page 145: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

'% '%$ Å%o|Ev¤E`ry8,±4`y+%x:`´/#ÂN,²/À1/`,/+/kÀ4· v`'#'+¬|sx6|sx:£%x,'/z|+,'v/:,`%/ªD#'#,:#+`6|D:/@¶D:#+##sJ°/, ##Dr@y+%xzE#:Dr¯%`:%`r|D¿°~=>± 0:`:@|s¿!v'w@/1'# ##D²`²°~=<± · `Ez%¸¿N%z² >z/²°%x,%``´@>#`#+`r|E'¿40r²°%x,%``´@>#`#+@D#'r+ · ,~N¬­¾µ/#%:Âs%'¶%+x,+``´:>#`#¬° %x,'`/´@>#:#E:%x,'//´@>#/#² · ²° E#'#%x#'``´¥@|s#%x:¡#`+w,,|sx,%MS6|%/%¡#%x:/w#:`%´##%/w:/x,'ª|sx :|8@´,%¿,­'4|`D:%x,'/`´@>:`:®°:#% :#+%g#'```@¶D::% ³ %¿°/, ³ '`z|s¸:@y%%xrE?g:%/:¯'/#+?g#%`k°

|Ev89`|/%s,:`´¿1:'²=:+x:##/# ³ '`r|D¸://# ³ '`@|D¸`¯/:%²8#+x`#=|'/¶+/'6 ³ %±°%x#|Ev89`|/%s,:`´¿1:'#':+x:##/# ³ '`r|D¸://# ³ '`@|D¸`¯/:%#+#+x`#=|'/¶+/': ³ %±°%x#|EvE`ry8,±4`y+%x:`´/#N@6`À1%¸/+XÀ_ %:%¡:v`'¢,%`w@''z|+%x¢/´/x,D¬|/y`wz`|sx: z'`r|D¸¥'¸/,+x,%x:z|E:'¸' / , ³ '`z|D¸`:'¸/%M!v%w,`®1%, ³ '/z|=¸z/¶s//w@:+@6°¡:v@|sx±,­'8|`E:'¸' / , ³ '/r|D¸@¶E¡`Ázz°¡:v@|sx,Â,­%4|`E:%¸/ / , ³ %/z|s¸r¶s¡#Á/°%`+x`,%:/¡:vr|sx#Â>,% :¬4|/¬°,+,Â,­'8|`E@%`+x`,%¿°%`+x`,%:/¡:vr|sx¿>,% #¬8|`²°,+±,­'4|/E@%:Ex`,%M°:#+@|EvªE`@y4,±4/y%%x:`´',Â!,¬/À8sz|s:%±À4 %:%¡:v`'¢,%`w@''z|+%x¢/´/x,D¬|/y`wz`|sx: ³ ','% 1 0 %:+¡#' . 'v:,E:'¥%`::'¸z|8z%#%`+w:z|++x£wz%¤Ez|D:%:z|8r,`y%%x à ¤|sx:#//~¾¿>¸²s``/:z 3 ¬1±,~¾Á/`w@#+/¿>¡#Ár6,~Q¿¦//w@:+kQ/# ³ %`@|D¸±¦¡:%/:'`r²°%`+x`,%:/¸²zN+x#¿¦,E ::²À`°,+±,­'4|/E@%:Ex`,%M°~¾¿>¸#/``/:z 3 ¬1±,~¾Á/`w@#+/¿>¡#Á/k,~Q¿¦//w@:+kQ/# ³ %`@|D¸±¦¡:%/:'`r²°%`+x`,%:/¸#ÂN+x#¿¦,E ::²À`°,+±,­'4|/E@%:Ex`,%M°:#+@|EvªE`@y4,±4/y%%x:`´',Â!,¬/ÀN:|sxr+:+¡#À4 %:%¡:v`'E#`/'´¤E#'#,+`w@/'r|+%xz 1µ/J­Ux,%ªv:%s,:%¡z|=x:ª:|sxry%,%`x:,y+'´r #¥Á@', ³ '/z|D¸¿1µ/#' E%¯6z:­_D:Á°', ³ '/z|D¸¿1µ/#' E%¯6zQ,+ #`D6z°:@D,'@%Â1µ`:' E/¯r6=z!ÁÂ>µ'#% E'¯6rs'6°¿N%x#rD66°¡`vr|sx±,­%4|`E/', ³ ''z|s¸ ±°+:+x`,+#/¡:vr|=x±>,% :¬4|/¬°#%±,­'8|`E@%`+x`,%¿°`#% @|/D±:À=?:x:¹/x,+`x/y%%x¥`´/,¥%:z|E%xz '#'¸'%X ,|sxz+:%¡#k Ez|D:%MÀ4¬°+x#%x#

Page 146: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

'% '%$ Å

##`%z|sx:£:'#ª`y%%x¤x,'¥v'w@/%´¢,'`¹z|=x:£´#'|Ev|/+vr|E:'k4s,'+¬¬`À¦#/%±À4, ¡##yE: 5 `,Dz¶E¡`vr|sx¿#­%4|`6°y%D# ³ ': 5 :,Dr¶E/# ³ '`@|D¸k>µ`:'E¦µ`:'E@%¶ 5 °|sx:¡ © |sx#E¬|sx#r|sx`¡¿4y+s# ³ +:¯'/#+#v%# g#%`@¬°|sx:¡ © |sx#',+wz+r|=x:¡¿8y+s, ³ '#+`:%`v/: g:''z¬°#, ³ |sx6>##yE::,¶ 5 ¶D#/% / +21Er¶:|=x:¡ © |=x:E¬|sx@¶D,'' / %+1+@¶ , ¡##yD±°#, g,+wz >:,yE::#¶ 5 ¶s#/' / '+1Ez¶`|sx/¡ © |=x#%@Dwz`¶=,/' / '61+r¶ , ¡:,ys±°r|Ev/v`§:`/v/'`,'-0z|Ev/v,¶ , ¡#:yEk¦,+ #`²°m ®|=x#`r|Ev/v`§:`/v/¯/#/`®4DwEJ>:, ³ |4x6>:#yEk>:% #``/²°m @Ewz+`r|Dv`v`§:`'v`¯/:/`4=w%A>## g:+wr >##yEÂ>,E #`/`6°,`%`#,¬#­'4|`EM~ m ¬|=x±° m #+wrE¿°%x#

%x#v':z|=x::vk:À ±À4¬°:|8@¸`@`y%%x`#%x:#° §:%x:¡#%`£# ³ #:½|sx¥@/'/z|sx:¢v%w`xzyEz|E%x:|8@´`',%M° /© '¡#:#%`w@/%z|+%xzv:'¢,%/x |=x6|Dz|+``%´¤|sx 5 A'kNr A':|8@´:/',%#k° /© '¡#:#%`w@/%z|+%xzv:'¢,%/x |=x6|Dz|+``%´¤|sx 5 A'k1¯6 A'

|EvE`ry4#±4`y%+x:`´/,!@¬'À1':#`%%¿À8 · v`'#'+¬|sx6|sx:£%x,'/z|+,'v/:,`%/¥E#'###, g:,+`½:%#,¬DzQ6|D%@'%¡kD''¬°v:'|E6²­¾6|D/,/'¡¿D%/A~¦ÁÂ1r|Ev`vÂ4:|8@´k=|¬:­N/E¿°~=<±>:, g#,²=|`E`Dz'¸kU%r¬N@°%x#:|8@´:/@:|8,¸¿1#, g:,:%x#|Ev|/+vr|+`'k4D#'+¬®/ÀQ,`+±À8#,+,E`/wzyD¿:À8:|_,¸±À`N:|_,¸¿`À8/|8,´¿À`_:|N@´¿/À8`|8#´#kÀ'8`|8,´:k'À¦#`%/#:®À`Q#/''#,`²°:#% #,+,E`/wzyD¿:À8:|_,¸±À`N:|_,¸¿`À8/|8,´¿À`_:|N@´¿/À8`|8#´#kÀ'8`|8,´:@6°%x# ``/````/````/``///``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'`//`/`' / `:+,%¸v'w`xzyEr|+%xz:y%+x:¡#'` m ¶D£z'`z|s¸,w@%z|=@,|/y%%z|+%x #¢§@¶D±#­_' 0r¶ m ,­N ``/````/````/``///``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'`//`/`' v'w`xzyDz|+%x m E¬D::Â>6m /¹`:%x±4D#'´#Â_'+x:`%±¦z/¬¦r¬°v'w`xzyDz|+%x m E¬D,#E¿>6m /¹`:%x±> à À`8D,%´:Â_%%x`/'±>r`/²° ``/````/````/``///``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'`//`/`' . w`xzyEz|E%x#ªy%%x:¡:'`¤`y%+x`,'+² à `y%+x:`´'#Âs'E/z|sx:¥' ÀN/#,s:'¿Àn|sx:#ªE/z|sx:¥/v r/:: ,':Dz'#%£#£,ª`y%%x`x#/' ÀN/,D#'+¬¬s6klz¬À ``/````/````/``///``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'`//`/`' v'w`xzyDz|+%x¥+w:rE``/`#%xr'/'# 5 y%%x 5 /k=|=xzs`rD6|D@yDyD,'k=|sxzE/zy%,%À!/,,s`'±À

Page 147: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

'% '%$ Å Å%w:@E`:¿À!/,D,%+¬²szklz6À`°c#'/w`/xM°y%,%À!/,%/`'±À /y%%x¥/,¢:''w`x6|sx:¥'v',+,y%%x#¥',%'%w:@E`:¿À!/,D,%+¬²!Âklz6À`°c#'/w`/xM°y%,%À!/,,'|=x:±À ¡#%`´/,¢vr|DrD/,%'|sx`#%xz:|s`´%w:@E`:¿À!/,D,%+¬²sz @6À`°c#'/w`/xM°y%,%À!/,%@|=x:±À ¡#%`´/,ª%,y%+x#¥/,%% |=x:#%xz`|D`´%w:@E`:¿À!/,D,%+¬²! @6À`°c#'/w`/xM°y%,%ÀQMÀ ¡#%`´/, z'/x#'z|/y v@|+:'%w:@E`:¿À¦#%x`,%+¬²s%¬À`°c#%/w:/xM°y%,%À!/,%%#:#4XÀ%w:@E`:¿À!/,D,%+¬²! 3 6À`°c#'/w`/xM°y%,%À!/,%%#:+6|¬À%w:@E`:¿À!/,D,%+¬²! h@6À`°c#'/w`/xM°y%,%À!/,%%#:#DMÀ%w:@E`:¿À!/,D,%+¬²! n@6À`°c#'/w`/xM°'/,%/6|/%r|/s±:À ?:x`¹/x,%`x¥`y%+x:`´/,ÂÀ4¬°%x#

``/````/````/``///``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'`//`/`' . w`xzyEz|E%x#£#%x,%#'#/#£z|Dr/v/,'¡#:Ew:z|+%x z'`z|s¸¢/,'yD,+x:# #/#£#'#Dz%#'r%#ª`y%%x`x#/ ``/````/````/``///``'`///``'`//`/`'`//`/`'``'`/`//`'`/`//`'``///`'``///``'`//`/`' v'w`xzyDz|+%x~:#% ³ '±¦::%##D@/@`yE%x?g:':D@':%¿8`yE%xzs`¿i##'D¬`'¡#`@~%Ài#,'+¬ à À`_/y+%xzs`¿/À1`Ák°'À1@²°#%x`#,%Á/,y%:%#+x±¾##%+¬/¬° / '#: © |=x#'@/'%,'#%#'¢v:%#'#Dz%#',,|sx:`y%%x/x,/%%#¢½:%#© Á/'#%x:##%Á à #% © |=x:k° #:D®|%%:%x6|+%x£v:'¢,':Dz'#%,@|sx`¤`y%%x`x#/ª%'¥#¢½:'###Á/'#%x:##%Á à ##s®|%°'¡#`@~%Ài#,'+¬ à À`_/y+%xzs`¿/À1z6°'À1@²°#%x`#,,s,y%:%#+x±¾##%+¬/¬°© s'#%x:##, à #% © |=x:k° #:D®|%%:%x6|+%x£v:'¢,':Dz'#%,@|sx`¤`y%%x`x#/ª%'¥##²s'#%x:##, à ##s®|%° g:'`/v¢/,¢#'#` © |sx#',//%,%#'#'/,'|/ `#%,'/z|+%x,`#¢/,,%#Dz':',@|=x:`y%%x`x#/:#+ ³ ': © E © Á° g:'`/v¢/, ##D®|+%#%x6|E%x£/#'|/ :#%,%`z|+%x#: :¢',¢#'#Dz%#',,|sx:¤`y%+x`x,/:#+##Dr #²E ##Á°

NPO [ Xa a

v'w`xzyDz|+%x¢:,+@y%`+@/'k4`y%%x/#'+6®r/`:D,%E¬` g,/%r #,Dw,%¥/vy%:#yDw,/'z|++x/v%:z|'y%:@/#yD w,%z|+%xz '¡#:+w`z|+%x /v |E%x6|/y:+xz:|D`´r'`z|D¸ Ãz/'x#Dz,+/vr|+:'%x,Dr#²¾z%:`E#'+6:²°v:' |E6¬­>/%x:`'±¾z/%x#Dz::'¡#:®@~!yD,%¿¾z/%x#Dz:¬4|//¬`À¦/:%:v@|+/'Âiz':/+,++²®/À/À`À'8ys,%k¾@/'x#sr,6=|`/²/À`À`À_¬°/À>r²°%x# g#'`v:'+ `|8,w@/%z|+%x`%,%x#@|sx:%x `y%+x:`´/,

Page 148: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

'% '%$ Å Æ µ/J­ y+:%z|8r,`y%%x¢%x#¤Ez|s#%z`y+%x¥'#¤|sx/,::,y%,` 'v¢#@|sx: |sx::'`#':/|sx`#ªy%:#`y+%x|EvE`ry4#±4`y%+x`,'+² à `yE%x`/´',Â='²/À>¿À4`y%%x`#,+@y+:%z|8r#`y%Ex±8/y+%x`:'E²®z%:`E,%+6:¬°:#%,|EvªE`ry8,±4`y+%x`,'E¬ à ,''`'´/#D%¬'À8Dr|D:%¿À4`y%%x`#,+@Dz|D#%r/y%%xk4/y++x`,++²¬ir//:E#'E¬/¬°:#% `y%%x`#,+@y+:#`y%+x¿4`yE%x/#%+¬²ir':`+:'E²:²°|Ev|/+vr|E:'k4/y%%x`,%+¬¬/ÀQ,`+±À8,`%`#,+,`y%%x::, à #/'``,¬°%x#%x#:|8@¸`@`y%%x`#, à `|8@¸¿°:|8@´`@`y%%x`#, à `|8@´¿°:|8@´:/@`y%+x:#, à :|8,´:°:/'¡`Ez/:`+,'+² à '%¡','D¬²!Â#­_6°x@/'¡`#¶%:/'¡`¯66° x/w%,,'¥'v`/Dz%xDw/@/'¡#`#6|D/,/'¡:@ysw%¬Dw%A>x@'%¡r¬° |=x#:'¸/v£6|D',,E`/Dz%xDw/@/'¡#` v:'ªr|D¡#%xz@|=xª/'¡#:/%@''¡:6s¯%6|D/@''¡,Ex,''¡±° /%#,Eµ`#'`'6|D/,/'¡¿N+x#r²° :'#: x`w%#,'¥/vª/'¡#`# |Ev`y%%x/,'+¬ à @/'#''¡r|/ w`xrD,,y:|Dvr|+/ #`Dw%z','/,vr|sx,`¢/'¡#:ª|/ /,'¸@y:|D#/ªD#'#/'¡/w/`,':M~>/%@''¡¿!+x:r­6|s',/'¡ÂN+x:rD¿°D,:%v#/'¡:M~>/%@''¡¿!,®­¾6|=/,'%¡¿N#Ek° v:% 5 /z· ,?m gr· v`y%%x/x6|sx:/,+'¥:'/w`xz|sx:¢r|s¡z|E:/#¢¸`y%`/:´¤ 6| #@/' ¡#'@Dwz:''w`x6|sx:ª|sx ³ #:½|EvE`ry4#±4`y%+x`,'+² à `yE%x`/´',Â='²/ÀN',E/`%±À8 Ã'Ã`ú E`ry4#±4`y%+x`,'+² à `yE%x`/´/#Â='²/ÀN',:s:+±À8:|8@¸`@:|8@¸+AN,¶Dz|/¬°%x#

D6|D@yDyD,'k_/%,%¿4`y%+x`,%E² à #/%/`´',®D%/` `y%+x`,'+² à @/%/`´/:Âs% +'r `,'¢x,//@ #£,£@/'`:/y%,% ÂÀ!:`E,%z®À g,/%¥:`/'¡#`#%`w@/%z|+%xz@/'k4:|8@¸¿8:|8@´r²°/,`%¸z|/+A~1:|8@¸¿s% :|8@¸¿!%x#rÁ s¿°'¸z|/²1/,`%¸z|/:¬°y%,% ÂÀ1v#+w#'±À g,/%v#+w,':,`y%%xry% g,/%¢/,ªDw% /v/,,%`w,/'z|++xz£|sx/'¡::# z|D¡:%x|sx `y%%x`#'+¬ à @/','%¡r |Ev|Dª'¸z|/Dr® '','/6|'%¥Dw% /v¤Dw`,/'¡#::/v¢6|D/,#E/'¡#`|Ev|/+vr|E:'k4/y%%x`,%+¬¬/ÀQ@/+,'%¡r¬À4'¸/#%#@Dw+J4:|8,´¿4/y++x`,++² à ,/+,'%¡r¬#­!`¬°:#% '¸/#%#@Dw+J4:|8,´¿_'%¡'w``:'¿:­_/¬°%x#'¸/,+#:'¸/#% Asz%¸kN'¸%,+z²°

Page 149: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

'% '%$ Å

@/'k4:|8@¸¿!'¸/,+±`À¦#ÂÀ//À!,|sx:%z|D/'MÀ'!,²°/,`%¸z|/+A~1:|8@¸¿s% :|8@¸¿!%x#rÁz'¸kN'¸/,+6E¿°'¸z|/²1/,`%¸z|/:¬°´,/%#::À . +w,'##/y%%x@y% mAà ? à ¬À``À . %x: 5 |E½`kÀ'sl@¬° !l¿`À . +x:/µ:D@kÀ`/À m ¡#Ex::¨`%`:kÀ_y%,% ÂÀ8D,`%¡#kÀ g,/%¢/,ªD,:+¡#/,%/w@/'z|E%x|Ev|/+vr|E:'k4/y%%x`,%+¬¬/ÀQ@/+,'%¡r¬À465 #:'v¥/'¡::,|+,|sxr:|E:£/,ªE´@E#DXn+¢',¢#%`w@/%z|+%x |sx¥/#D#:'vªy%%x,v:%w/x#£:´y%:#yDw,/'z|sx`£/,ªDw%/v/, %/:#%:r|+'#¢Dw`@/%¡#:#D,`%¡#/6=@Dw%J8:|8,´k8`y%Ex`#%+² à @'%,''¡,®#­!`²°D,`%¡#/:'@Dw%J8:|8,´:4`yE%x/#'E¬ à ,''#/+¡r®`­_/¬°:#% im /Dw%z,/,'/,ªD#:'v/'¡#`¢,|+,%w:@:|E:/#¤D´rE#DJn%',,%`w@''z|+%x |sx¥/#D#:'vªy%%x,v:%w/x#£:´y%:#yDw,/'z|sx`E>#%ª//v/|sxE´@E#D®D,`%¡#/6=6E#Dw+J4`|_,´z¬°D,`%¡#/:'6E#Dw+J4`|_,´#@6°%x#|Ev¤E`ry8,±4`y+%x`,'E¬ à ,''`'´/# ,¬'ÀN'%/,/+±À4 g,''£6|D/¤/%#'z|D'%®|/y ¸ `y%`/kZz@|=x@%´£wz%'¥v`' À¦MÀ)' ÀN/,%,|sx:±À /y%%xz%D¬|%/'`¸k4:|8@¸¿8D#`+¡#/r6/À!ÂÀ/8/|8,¸¿8s,/%¡#%:Â`À¦#`®À`/À © |=x,E6|E''±À`>@¬°:#% g,''£6|D/¤,|=x,`'¢¸ `y%:/@/%¿4:|8,¸±8D,`%¡#'zz`ÀN®À`_`|8,¸±ND#`%¡://k`ÀQ,/ÂÀ//À © |sx#%z|D/%MÀ`1,²°%x# 0#':'+®|sx# z'¸D#:%¡#/#%`w@/%z|+%x¢%x#%`:#%¸z|8z': . # ³ 'v¥##%%x,%xry%~Iz'¸@D,:%¡:kiz'¸'#,+'Er%¸k@~!=,`+¡#'6r8s#:+¡#%:/,¬°|Evz'¸rs,:%¡#'`Ez'¸k4D#`+¡#/r'/@s,:%¡#'66°#`v@|sx#kN ¿N ¼ Dz'¸@s#:%¡`6A',`²°v'`+r@:|8,¸¿>±N+x#r/+::|8#¸¿¦¿D%`6°:#% /@s,:%¡#':k°#`v@|sx#kN ¿N ¼ Dz'¸@s#:%¡`6A',`²°v'`+r@:|8,¸¿>±N+x#r/+::|8#¸¿¦¿D%`6°%x# g,/%¤D,:%¡:/,%`w,/'z|++x/,`%¸z|/+A~1:|8@¸¿s% :|8@¸¿!%x#rÁ s¿°'¸z|/²1/,`%¸z|/:¬°z|s,/,E/:A~%À · j 'kÀ/Qx`w%@,D/¿N/:D#%+²¬=6 #`² Ã/Ã/ÃÀ · 3 Á'¿À/¦x`w%z#D`¿!/#s,%+6¬! ,`6 Ã`Ã'ÃÀ 0#:+#/¿À`Qx`w%z,D/¿_%,s#'E¬6Dz lz$A1,¶Dr|`/¬/À ³ #/½¿À/ Ã/Ã/ÃÀ #D/z `','¿À/Qx`w%@,D/¿sDÁ'Á`Á#¶²_',=,'D¬²Dz@s¯#',s#'D¬¬!Â@' A!#¶s6|`'¬/À¦¹#`½¿À' Ã/Ã/ÃÀ ³ '¸D,`%¡#/`kÀ` x`w+z,E`k¾z'¸rs,:%¡##E¿°/'/#%x##/%#%x#k`À 5 , A'Â!r A%À/`À 5 r A'k>¯6 A/®À`='²°t''#%x##'¸#/v`vk°%'¿N/'/,+xM`À1v:+x`r:|s½:ÂÀ/=lz6°´,/%#::À 5 ,:%¡#'#%`w@/%z|+%xMÀ/`À . %x/ 5 |D½:ÂÀ`4lz6°|Ev¤E`ry8,±4`y+%x`,'E¬ à /y+%x:'´/#D%¬'ÀN'#,=:+±À4:|8,¸:@:|8,¸±°¸,/+,::À ::%: j ³ #`½r¬À``À . %x: 5 |E½:kÀ's$lz²°:#%,|EvªE`ry8,±4`y+%x`,'E² à 'y%+x``´',®D%²`À¦±À_:|8,¸:@:|8,¸±°

Page 150: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

'% '%$ Å

¸,/+,::À¦z|8z ,w:²À4¬°:#%,|EvªE`ry8,±4`y+%x`,'E² à 'y%+x``´',®D%²`À!/:,'|4x:¿À4:|8,¸:@:|8,¸±°¸,/+,::À · j À4¬°%x##,+M~Iz'¸rs,:%¡#Â>v'`Erk° ?:xzy+D`z%x`/,x,%¸`¢,'#'/#%`¢:¢@''/,:#/@|/yE#/ v:%x#:+:#'vr|%/nz/:` #,D,+xz% #:'¥%xM° ``#,+%:z|D/``#,¬_`y++x/,'D¬¬z':/+#%+²:6° r'¸rD,`%¡#6Asr'¸¿>:'## à D,/%¡:'+1Ex , ,` ,/'¿4`|8@¸±¦``#, à D#`+¡#/@1+x , ,¬`ÀQ¹,/À`_:|N@¸±¾:/## à =,`%¡:'+1+v`v , #¬`ÀQ,ÂÀ8²° #:'¥/v`v¿°

y%,% ÂÀ8D,`%¡#'#%±À g,/%¢/,£#'#`ªs,:%¡#',%`w@''z|+%x± |+ªDw% /v¢,%`w,/'z|++xªD,`%¡#/¢v/:D `,ys`#%w`x:ªE#'#ªDw/@/'¡#`im `sw%z/s,:'v¥,|E,%w:r:|D:E´rE:DD,:+¡#/6szE#Dw%A8:|8#´z²°D,:+¡#/:/zE#Dw%A8:|8#´#,²°D,:+¡#//#%::Á Ã43 ¶²4D::+¡:'6s¯#D#`%¡://@²°@/'k4:|8@¸¿8D,:+¡://`'¿/À!ÂÀ46°z'¸rs,:%¡#'Ez'¸¿8s,:E¡#'':'z6°/,`%¸z|/+A~1:|8@¸¿s% :|8@¸¿!%x#rÁ s¿°'¸z|/²1/,`%¸z|/:¬°z|s,/,E/:A~%À · j 'kÀ/Qx`w%@,D/¿N/:D#%+²¬=6 #`² Ã/Ã/ÃÀ · 3 Á'¿À/¦x`w%z#D`¿!/#s,%+6¬! ,`6 Ã`Ã'ÃÀ 0#:+#/¿À`Qx`w%z,D/¿_%,s#'E¬6Dz lz$A1,¶Dr|`/¬/À ³ #/½¿À/ Ã/Ã/ÃÀ #D/z `','¿À/Qx`w%@,D/¿sDÁ'Á`Á#¶²_',=,'D¬²Dz@s¯#',s#'D¬¬!Â@' A!#¶s6|`'¬/À¦¹#`½¿À' Ã/Ã/ÃÀ):¿À`Qx`w%z,D`¿1#+x/,'D¬²!@/E°´,/%#::À 5 ,:%¡#'#%`w@/%z|+%xMÀ8|Ev¤E`ry8,±4`y+%x`,'E¬ à /y+%x:'´/#D%¬'ÀN'#,=:+±À4:|8,¸:@:|8,¸±°¸,/+,::À ::%: j ³ #`½r¬À4¬°:#%,|EvªE`ry8,±4`y+%x`,'E² à 'y%+x``´',®D%²`À¦±À_:|8,¸:@:|8,¸±°¸,/+,::À¦z|8z ,w:²À4¬°%x#y%,% ÂÀ8D,`%¡#`/v/v¿À g,/%r¢D,:+¡z|sx:'v`vr|/y:|E%xzyE´±)|+r|Ev`v:%#%xzy%,'/#`%x¢,%/w@/'z|E%xªD#:%¡#/ v/#s`,yDDw`,/'¡#:|Ev|/+vr|E:'k4/y%%x`,%+¬¬/ÀQ@/+,'%¡r¬À4D,`%¡#/6=@Dw%J8:|8,´k8`y%Ex`#%+² à @'%,''¡,®#­!`²°D,`%¡#/:'@Dw%J8:|8,´:4`yE%x/#'E¬ à ,''#/+¡r®`­_/¬°:#% D,`%¡#/6=6E#Dw+J4`|_,´z¬°D,`%¡#/:'6E#Dw+J4`|_,´#@6°%x#/v`v``%z¬4s,:%¡#'zE#=,`+¡:/:#¬°|Ev¤E`ry8,±4`y+%x`,'E¬ à ,''`'´/# ,¬'ÀN'%/,/+±À4%D¬|%/'`¸k4:|8@¸¿!/v/vk/ÀNÂÀ'`À © |sx#%r|E''MÀ/!#¬°:#%

Page 151: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

'% '%$ Å

@/%¿4:|8,¸±!/v`vk`ÀNÀ//À © |4x,+z|E'/¿À`1,¬°%x#z'¸#'v`v`Ez%¸¿N/v`v@²°/,`%¸z|/+A~1:|8@¸¿s% :|8@¸¿!%x#rÁ s¿°´,/%#::À 5 ,:%¡z|=x` v`vr|/y`|+%xzyE´¿À``À . Ex: 5 |E½`kÀ'sl@|Ev¤E`ry8,±4`y+%x`,'E¬ à /y+%x:'´/#D%¬'ÀN'#,=:+±À4:|8,¸:@:|8,¸:¯` j k°¸,/+,::À ::%: j ³ #`½r¬À4¬°:#%,|EvªE`ry8,±4`y+%x`,'E² à 'y%+x``´',®D%²`À¦±À_:|8,¸:@:|8,¸±°¸,/+,::À¦z|8z ,w:²À4¬°%x#y%,% ÂÀ8Ez|s#%MÀ g,/%r,%`w,/'z|++xªD,`%¡#/¢v/:D Ez|D#+`y%%x g#%/w@/'z|E%xªD#:%¡#/v/#D 5 A'kNr A'D,:+¡#/6s, w,`'½`Â4=w%A8`|8@´Â4s#:%v#%'¡¿1%x:¿`­_`'¬° g#%/w@/'z|E%xªD#:%¡#/v/#D 5 A'k1¯6 A'D,:+¡#/:/, w,`'½`Â4=w%A8`|8@´`Â8s,`'v`/%¡¿!+x#Â#­_'`²°:|8@¸`@:|8@¸#sz/:`E,'D¬ à ',D:'E²¬!k lz$A®N#¶Dr|`¬°@/'k4:|8@¸¿8D,:+¡:/6r`ÀQ,À`8/|8,¸¿8s,/%¡:':Â`ÀQ,`®À`/À © |=x,E6|D/'±À`>@¬°z'¸rs,:%¡#'Ez'¸¿,~1D,/%¡:'z68=,`+¡#':%r²°/,`%¸z|/+A~1:|8@¸¿s% :|8@¸¿!%x#rÁ s¿°'¸z|/²1/,`%¸z|/:¬°¸,/%#::À ::%# j ³ #:½@¬À``À . %x: 5 |D½:ÂÀ`4lz6°/'#+x#k:À 5 r A/Â!r A%À//À 5 r A'k>¯6 A/ À4²°U/':%x#£,'¸#'v`v¿°´,/%#::À 5 ,:%¡#'#%`w@/%z|+%xMÀ/`À . %x/ 5 |D½:ÂÀ`4lzz|D,',E`:M~%À · j +¿À/Qx/w%z:E/k_',=,%E¬²Dr @'¬ Ã`Ã/ÃÀ · 3 Á'¿À`Qx`w%z,D/¿_%,s#'E¬6N @/¬ Ã`Ã`ÃÀ 0#:%:/¿À`¦x/w%z,E/k_/:D#%+²¬1k lr A®N:¶D6|'`²`À ³ #:½ÂÀ` Ã`Ã/ÃÀ #D`r `/#'¿À`Qx/w%z:E/kDsÁ`Á'Á,¶²N/#D:'+6¬s6,E¯`/#D#%+6¬NÂ,` AN#¶sz|``6`À¦¹ #:½kÀ` Ã`Ã/ÃÀ + %¿À`Ux`w+z,E`k1#%x`#'+¬¬1@/²`À :w¬À1¿°z|D,'Â1z|D#/,E`¿/À . Ex: 5 |D½:kÀ's$lr¬°y%,% ÂÀ1:,yD#'#kÀ #'#rs@:|8,´¿D6#­N²°#'#//@:|8,´¿Nk#­N²°@/'k4:|8@¸¿>#'#rz`ÀN®À`_`|_@¸±Q#%:`Â`ÀQ,/À`/À © |sx, 6|D/'±À`>@²°'/,%/6|/%r|/D:@:|8@´k k#­_+::|8#´¿!Â:­_%`:|_,´¿s6`­_²°@/'k4:|8@¸¿1r|/Dz²°/,`%¸z|/+A~1:|8@¸¿s% :|8@¸¿!%x#r ®|sx±!@|/D6 r'¸¿!r|'D6E¿°'¸z|/²1/,`%¸z|/:¬°%x#

Page 152: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

Bd

Å ( !#"%$'&()+*-,.0/213,54769804:;,)1<.13=38/>.0/;?@*-,.0/;13,A4CBD/EF80GD4H.13=I80/"-JLK2M ( )(ONP (RQ FM (SUTWV MX XY Æ5

ÆZ\[2]^ $_698`?bac.0/d?^6#GDeD:d1<8XfgGh.:2ibe0jk5lnmMopNP (RQ FM (RSUTqV MX oFY ÅDoA Z\[r[ (s.( 2tu)vFm)+wx$)Wy2$ T5( tF d( Jzy Jz S S( mg+ml|'& S &JtumgJHy2& S S( mg_~8G1cFuibGF

ibecu Y A *6*rÅD;* Y Æ5 )d" ( MotL V m FMO& S &2JtumgJzy2& S S( mg N(RS $tum S Mo0yy ( mg ibecuaF

aF1I1< Y * 7ozÅD 7o Y ÅDo%oA Z)" ( Mot2 V xdm FM tF 0K A& S &J7tumgJzy2& S FM F(S $ ( mg L( 0MXMo T ml

J ( tuMXm S Mo0y rL.g13,AGXa Y +*?o` zÅ Y Æ5 ÇZz"Pmg)Mom' Y [\;FF5$)ml Y2 ( )( Y ] S m Y p[\))] ( ) [PJzmg ¡S MD¢

S( mgpml£zl&2Jz S A& S &2J m( ( t|(g S ibecuau0 aF1I1< Y * A *rÅ *rÅ * Y ÅDo%oA *`\¤L\"|L\¥0(FM IY "-$§¦mAm FY [\L ( KlM ( Y ¤¦mg$2) Yq¨ Lwx$ $JHJHFM Y )L to$2)FM Y

© !ª5tD$J ( S ¢UL FM Y ¦L - S¡S h Q ¡S( (g S( )(«'&)K (RS tF ( S ¬ªAyt S MXm tumy T mgS $)L­®°¯h± S mz²z³X¯h± S Mo (S( mg¬ml S MD0yy´tF t ( &J ( mg ( q &( )0My2& 2S Mo0y ibecu_aFµ Y y20( #Æ Y Æ5

Z\[gª S Q Y MXm5to$0MD Y 20ª S 5ª ( JHy 9uk5ydFM ( Jz S Jz S $)m5 lnmM S Mo0yy5¢( mgA& S &2J¶yMXm5tu X mM ibecuxau µ Y AÆ+* ZrÆ+* %o Y ÅDo%oA

oZ V H ¨ $)m $rBu80/¸·)G¡.D:2c%jk5lmMopN (RQ FM (RS°TqV MX XFY ÅDo%oA Å ¦§ ¨ #[ s mAp b( y S( tF `( mg S MD0y S Mo0y¹0MXMD T5 lmMA& S &2JºtumgJzy2& S S( mg_ ibecu

au0 µ Y A ozÅ Z@ozÅ Y ÅDo%oA

Å Ç

Page 153: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

& Å *

Å:Å[) ( y ( (IY "P5mg)MXmA Y p[\)5] ( ) xMDto$ (RS t S &MX|lnmM% 0MX(u¢ tF ( mg S Mo0y'& S &J tumgJHy2& S FMr.13,5G¡a Y Å *' * 7o`;*rÅ:Å Y Æ#ÆA

Å+ÆZz _¦m Y 5¢U ( $ Y [P`0MDtum Y [\ ( KlM ( Y2s _ T FM Y ) IY ) M (S¡S mg Y)'¤P&)(g$) Y ] A S )m YA ) m Q<(t Y "|' (FM Y w§'¦m bK22 Y ´[\)A] ( _wMo ymM S mlP'&2 S &J ¡S S 2 Fy20Mo S( mg@ml ( mg >( @^& MXl ( mg S MD0y *-,.0/21<BD/Eu8GD4Hx6984x:_ Y ÆAÆ+*rÆ+*rÅ Y Æ#ÆA

ÅZH"P[Pmg _aF0aR8D:;4¬aF/218hE.0/zBu80/^·G¡.D:^*-,.0/;13,A4 BD/`Eu80G4H.13=I80/ G¡8Daucocu8GD V $[ S $) ,(FYN (Q FM (RS°T ml!jk5lnmMo Y Æ5

Å H"P-]^ ( JH 2> ¤m KFMX()N ( )(@ ( m5) FM lmM S mgJ ( ty2$ TA( t au0;=3BD/)c13G,54z Y Ç:ÆAIÅDrÆ Y ÅDo%ozÅ0

Å Z © 2[|&0M S Y (RS mM·,A/d.a .cauGDc.0/;?o88 Z-PtF)J ( t V MX XFY ÅDo%oA Å+ÇZ V "|[¤mKK x,5=R?0=/'fRao13G¡8¡8D:d13=Io. cDec1UaF4c. Z=/'f=1x. 80G Zzmg$2 ] ( T

ªAmg FY ht0 Y Æ5 Å *`HªdP0J\&)Mo Y!¨ © m IY ¹ªd V 0M S mg_~·i5a ! ,2a .cauG §=I8?baFpª5yM ( )(FM s FM 0( Y

Æ0p (RS( mg Y Æ5 Å Zz%wm T mA Y % ( &)MD Y ªd-NxMD0Kd Y z%¤ T 00 Y 2 -] S 0K FMtum'm b( )(

mlxtF t ( &J ( mg K T & ¬mlx& RS Mo Q<( m S\ FM ( m5) ( (g (#" tF S4( &2t S( mg^ml t S Momg5¢ $) RQ<( )( S Mo ,(RS( mg %$:d1< aF1I1< Y Æ:ÇAIÅ %o+*®Å %o%oA

ÅDoZ[ª S Q ·i5a*-,.0/;13,A4&.0/=:;,' .13=I80/ 8hE§Bu80/)cD V $[ S $ (FY N (RQ FM (RS°T mljk5lmMo YÅDo%o%oA

ÆwO] ¤¥ tD$ "mg& ( &_§ FM§lMXA&)t T XS 0K (&( v S( mg K T ydm 0M ( v S( mg yt¢S MXm tumy T ml9zMo(t S( )(zMXFlFMXtutF Q<(RSUT $:d1<698044H Y A ÅD Y ÅDo5

ÆzÅ V _¤mMXm N(RS vH] _¤ ( ·i5a µ Gu18hE)*aX`13Gh80/2=3FcD"%JLKM ( )(N (Q FM (RS°TV MX oFY Æ0 (RS( mg Y ÅDo%oA

Æ:ÆZ¤L_ ( ) Y [\ ¨| ¥+ Y ¤_ S tF l Y ¦§] T 2 FY [\_¤&KM ( tD$ Y «[ tD$)) ¨ K &)O ( m5) FM ! yt S MXm tumy (¡S,%Q<( µ :g:-R i'eZcF. Y * 5 :Ç+* +*rÅ Y Æ5

ÆZz0¢ V _ª S tu T /21<.0u=1 =#2.13=I80/@.0/;?698/213Gh8#=/. =n/dao.0GLBu80/>·Gh.:; V $[ S $) ,(FY NP (RQ FM (RSUTml!jPkAlmMo Y Æ A

Page 154: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

& Å

Æ Ldª S ) .0cFauGW6988 =n/Af V $[ S $) (Y N (Q FM (RS°T ml jk5lnmMo ÆZz \jO$ SX & Y &)Mo S Y 2 §§mg&)MXm( ( © )m ( MX2&t S( mg &K ( mg$)FM S v

&( ) F( S $§mldz (g 9 FM9K T )F(g S(Q % t S M ( tF lF)K2tXddB #*-,.0/21< Rao13G¡80/; YÆ:ÇAÆzÅDrÆ Å Y ÅDo%o5

Æ:ÇZ 0[|$JH (<Y ¤m KFMX( Y ¦L[PMo& &( )(FM` © MX'&t TL¡S 0K ( &( v S( mgLml J ( tumg2&t S mM FM K T MX mg S my S( tF lnF)K;tXd)$:d1< aF1I1< Y Å+ÆA +*`Ç Y ÅDo+*'

Æ+*`z _$'&~2¸) !¤ ª S 0K (&( v S( mg+mlPmy S( tF y2$ ZlnMXA&)t T mlO FM ¡TAXS Jp0yy &( tF S( mg S mWtumgJHJzFMDt ( T FM F(S $uk S FMo 9¡S 0K (&( vFFM $:d1< ;8Z µ 4z Y Å 5 #Æ`zÅ+Ç Y ÅDo%oA

ÆZ ¨ © © Mo) &( Y )[\ V m IY >rJHJ ( ¢UP0 ( ( aoao?X.b 698/213Gh8O8¡E Le0/;.04=3ec1Uau4\crP ( mg)¢<]^ X TY Mop (RS( mg Y ÅDo%o

Æ%oZz ;j|$ SX &pWw0K;&to$ ( # t S M ( tF lF)K2tXW (RSX SU mMXq2 RTA,( lnmM &( ) F( S $MX&t S( mgWml9 J ( tumg&2t S mM FM =Rf0iA1 .00ap·daXFib/;8R8Xfe Y ÇA +*:Ç%o Y ÅDoA

z V Mo Q ) &(IY wO © MXFF(g0Mo) Y 2qw§] 5¤\¥ to$_ V $ mAto ( (Lml(Mo S( )(0¢ S &)W ( m5) FM µ :g:-R ibecu. Y Ç5 ª6Æ ÅD5ª²Æ Y ÅDo%oA

zÅL 0M (RQ $:13=3D. Rao13G¡80/=IucD¤xm SFY ¦ ( )$20M S p] ( ¡S mg Y ÅDoA :ÆZz djO$ SX & O=Rf0i e6980i5auGXau/21 daF4=3D80/;?0,1<8G .0cFauGDcDxM S to$¤mg& Y ÅDo%o:ÆA Z Q \ © A X 0M ( _"-mgJzy20M ( mgzmltF tF& S ¬y2$ u¢ (RS(RQ %Motum Q FMo0K ( (g

& ( )(|Pl0K2M T ¢<yFMXm S tF QU(RS°T4( Mo(t S( mgz S Mo J (X( mg_)xau dF=IBD/)c13G,54z Y ÇAIÅDo:Æ+*ÅDo Y ÅDo%o+*'

['w# S BD/0auc13=Rfb.13=I80/)cO8hE%c=n4:-aO.1<804=I|ceZcu1Uau4\cFe)R.cFaFGxcU:)aX`13Gh8cFo8D:de V $[ S $) ,(FYN (Q FM (RS°T ml!jk5lnmMo Y ÅDo+*'

Zz)¤ JHto Y ªd F Y @) ¤P p[ T FM yt S MXmgJH S FM\lmM& RS Mo$ ( (g$ yt S Mo MX m & S( mg_9) ( (g2WydFMolnmMoJ¬tu µ :b:- !$:d1< Y ÆzÅ0IÅ+Ç:Ç`®Å+Ç%o Y ÅDo:ÆA

:ÇZ¦§] V ![PMX Q FM Y ) £¤P IY © s !Om (IY )£¤mg&)(g$ Y¨ © mMo Y L9 & TY ¤Ld] 0Mo_O FMPy;$ lMXA&)t TXS 0K (&( v S( mg& ( )(¬my S( tF MX mg2 S mM µ :g: ibecu Y zÅ0 o+*®Å Y ÅDoA

Page 155: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

& Å o +*`[\ - to;_P ( S MXm5&t S( mg S m V mg&25¢U[PMX Q FM¡¢U¤P 2 FM lMXA&)t T¡S 0K (&( v S( mg_ µ 4z

ibecu Y Ç%oA *?o`+* Y Æ6Å0 Z !r¤ (&( tum Y [\-wmg&2$)M (IY © Fv Y >%" ( MXmg_ P0MXMXm ¢ &( ) Y% m Jzy &(RS &)m (

J ( tumg2&t S mM FMm t ( S mM ( S $)* J¶Mo)(9au0 ;F=IdBD/c13G,A4H Y ÇA :Ç:Æ`:Ç YÅDo%o

%oZ[£ª)$)m5tX Y ¨ Mo TY 2 [\# t`" _ © MXA&)t T mAto ( ( FM S mmy S( tF tF QU(RS°T K T & Oml y; S( Jzm5) ( S FMXlnFMotu)$:d1< aF1I1< Y Æ IÅ o%o`®Å 6Å Y ÅDo%o%oA

z V ( mH V !d§ ( (g$ S -w$)LA& S &J¢ &Jzy0yy2MXmgto$ S m´ ( X( y2 S(Q § T 2J ( t ( p'&2 S &J my S( t raF.8?g ibecu Y * 5IÅ 6ÅD®Å Y ÅDo%oA

Ŧ§9 mg&mg_ ·i5a^*-,.0/;13,A4 ·i)aX80Ge¹8hE =Rf0i'13@jkAlmMo@NP (RQ FM (SUTV MX XFY Mo@ (RS( mg YÆ5

ÆZ¤L © #gmg) G¡80,Z:2ca :;G¡aucFaF/21<.13=I80/)c.0/;? i'eZc=3FcDWh ¡S(RS & S zml V $ T5( t LV &)K b( $ ( ( YÆ0p (RS( mg Y ÅDo%oA

Z¤Ldj|KdFM ¡S !¦ mg2tu)(2&mMX tutu§ml ( ( OK20M ( &2J ( mg ¡S FM ,S $) (FY NP (RQ FM (RSUTml#h KMo&to Y ÅDo%o%oA

[g¦x ( + Y zgK ( tD$ Y ] gx&$2& FM Y "%$_0] &)FM b( to$ Y V xgwm tD$)Fdd¦JHztum'm b( )($) S( (zml S° m S Mo0yy ( mg ibecuaF µ Y ÇA 6Å Y Æ#ÆA

Z[b &tF 2[P Q my2JH S ml &( )0M ( mg S Mo0yzlmM A& S &J tumgJzy2& S( () ¦L ¨ '" 0MX Y (RS mM Y G¡8DaDaX?0=/'fc§8¡EP1i5ac1BD/;1UauG/;.13=I80/;.r698/EFaFG¡aF/;DaL80/ :)aFGD=4¬au/21<.BD4:-au4¬aF/21<.13=380/ 8hE´*-,)./213,54 69804:;,)1<.13=I80/ Y y20( ozÅD@oA¦ ( S mg V MX XFY Æ6Å0

ÇZ ] ª5$)mMX Y z FMX(gJ¬ Y LA§&$ Y ªd5ª5tD$ ( JH2 Y q))jPMXF() FM¡¢ ( 2&tuzymy)¢& S( mg S Mo lnFM ( qJ\& RS(¡S S ¡T5¡S J ! tumgJzy;0Mo S(RQ ¡S & T ibecuaF µ Y A :Æ%o+* Y ÅDo%o:ÆA

*`z FMX(gJ¬ Y ¤w$&)FM Y ] xª5$)mMo "mg$)FMo S ymy2& S( mg S Mo lFMqJHmg)('& S &J XS S ml£ S mgJ 2Jzm tF& rau0. 8`?g i'eZcF Y * 5IÅ `®Å #Æ Y ÅDo%oA

ZNL © )m)9dt SX ml#tumg " (g&)MD S( mg ( S FMDt S( mgWmg ( S (RS( qy2$ $ ( l SX i'eZc=3D.auZ=Ia Y Å+Æ IÅ :Ç:Ç`®Å +* Y ÅDo:ÇzÅ0

Page 156: >?/B+) )G?U Ik0 $ GQ#€¦ · f *-d /b#w02 1 3/4! 5 rlr r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r r rlror rlr r rlr ror rlr r rlr r * 6 r y*r nm! gq@(>q$ : 3 (o "g * /b$,@a )$%/) hr r rlror rlr

& Å oZ ¨ b ( Y ] dP0(mg&)Mo) TY ¤Ld[P$Jz RS [Pmyy FM¡¢<lnMoFLmy S( tF # yt S MXm tumy T mg S $)

@JHmg)m0¢ ( mgpm t ( S mM *$:d1< ;8`` µ 4H Y ÆAIÅ+ÆzÅD®Å+Æ+* Y ÅDoA [ FMX ¹2+ ¨ m $ ( FM[P ¡S 0K ( &( S( mgml0MX ¡S S ¹my S( tF yt¢

S MXm tumy TI( dFJH5¢UF()FMo S S mgJ ( t ¡T5¡S J ibecuxau µ Y ÇA Å Y Æ#ÆA zÅ[ M ( )2 ¨ ¦L£ª5 S tD$ FM µ /'fg, R.0G804¬au/213,54jkAlmMo NP (RQ FM (RSUT^V MX XFY Mo

(RS( mg Y ÅDo%oA