b science integration

PROJECT 2: INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN

Bachelor of Science (Hnours)(Architecture)

BUILDING SCIENCE 2 [ARC 3413]

PROJECT 2:

INTERGRATION WITH DESIGN STUDIO 5: ARTS AND CRAFTS MARKET

Name : Chin Pui Man

Student ID : 0310331

Intake : April 2015

Tutor : Mr Sanjeh

Date of Submission : 3th July 2015


Table of Content

1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

2.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL

2.1 Daylight Factor (DF)

2.1.1 Classroom

2.1.2 Management Office

2.1.3 Ground Floor Retail

2.2 Artificial Lighting

2.2.1 Classroom


2.2.3 Ground Floor Retail (PSALI )

3.0 ACOUSTIC PROPOSAL

3.1 External Noise Sound Pressure Level

3.2 Internal Noise (Reverberation Time)

3.2.1 Classroom



3.3 Internal Noise (Sound Transmission Loss)

3.3.1 Classroom



4.0 REFERENCES AND APPENDIX


1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The project is a four storey complex, which acts as an arts and crafts market located at

Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman, Chow Kit. It is a place for community to gather for the

sale of goods by local artist. The main building materials are concrete, aluminium and

glass. It is designed to allow daylight into the building from the centre as well as large

glass panels at the entrance. Besides that, there are a central void is to allow visual

connection between two sides and all floors and also soften the internal noise.


2.0 LIGHTING PROPOSAL

2.1 Daylighting Factor Analysis

𝐷𝐹 =𝐸 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙𝐸 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙×100%

Where,

DF = Daylight Factor (%)

E internal = Horizontal illuminance of reference point indoor (Lux)

E external = Horizontal illuminance of unobstructed point outdoor in an overcast sky

condition (Lux)

The daylight factor is

DF, % Distribution

>6 Very bright with thermal glare and glare problem

3-6 Bright

1-3 Average

0-1 Dark


2.1.1 Classroom

Classroom is located at the back of the building at second floor, which is close to back

alley.

Floor Area 9.88m x 9.88m = 97.6m2

Window (Glazed Area) (5.25m x 2.4m) + (7.85m x 2.4) =

31.44m2

Openings (Unglazed Area) 1.8m x 2.4m = 4.32m2

Daylight Factor (DF) 35.897.6×100%

=36.6% x 0.1

=3.66%


According to the Department of Standard Malaysia, an average daylight factor of

3.66% is considered as bright with good distribution of light. It may not require as

much artificial lighting.

Natural Illumination Calculation:

Given Eo =7800 lux


0.366 =𝐸 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙7800 ×100%

𝐸! = 0.0366 𝑥 7800

= 285.5 𝑙𝑢𝑥



Management office is located at the back of the building at third floor, which is close

to back alley.

Floor Area 7.55m x 5m = 37.75m2

Window (Glazed Area) 5.75m x 2.4m = 13.8m2

Openings (Unglazed Area) 1.8m x 2.4m = 4.32m

Daylight Factor (DF) 18.1237.75×100%

=48% x 0.1

=4.8%






Given Eo =7800 lux


0.48 =𝐸 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙7800 ×100%

𝐸! = 0.048 𝑥 7800

= 374.4 𝑙𝑢𝑥



Ground Floor retail type 1 is located at the entrance of the building facing Jalan

Tunku Abdul Rahman. The area has one side that is exposed to indirect source of day

lighting. The daylighting introduced into the retail is meant to perform energy saving

during daytime.

Floor Area 9 m x 10m = 90m2

Window (Glazed Area) 10m x 3.7m = 37m2

Openings (Unglazed Area) 3.6m x 2.7m = 9.7m2

Daylight Factor (DF) 46.790 ×100%

=52% x 0.1

=5.2%






Given Eo =7200 lux


0.52 =𝐸 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙7200 ×100%

𝐸! = 0.052 𝑥 7200

= 374.4 𝑙𝑢𝑥


2.2 Artificial Lighting

The number of lamp is given by the formula:

𝑁 =𝐸 × 𝐴

𝐹 × 𝑈𝐹 × 𝑀𝐹

Where,

N - number of lamps required

E - illuminance level required

A - area of working plan height (m2)

F - average of luminus flux from each lamp (lux)

UF - utilization factor, an allowance for the light distribution of the luminaire and the

room surfaces.

MF - maintenance factor, an allowance for reduced light output because of

deterioration and dirt

Room Index, RI, is the ratio of room plan area to half the wall area between

working and luminaire planes

𝑅𝐼 =𝐿×𝑊

𝐻𝑚 × (𝐿 +𝑊)

Where,

L - length of room

W - width of room

Hm - mounting height, ie. The vertical distance between the working plane and the

luminaire


2.2.1 Classroom (PSALI)

According to MS 1525, the standard illumination for a workshop is 300 lux.

Material Function Colour Area (m2) Surface

Type

Reflectance

Value (%)

Concrete

finish

Ceiling Grey 97.6 Reflective 15-50

Concrete

cement finish

Wall and

floor

Grey 124.28 Absoptive 10

Glass Wall and door Transparent 35.8 Reflective 6-20

Timber Table & chair Brown 20.2 Absorptive 30


Product brand Philips T8 TL-D Standard

Colours

Lamp Luminous Flux EM 1200Lm per lamp/ 3

lamps per luminaire

Rated Colour

Temperature

4100K

Colour Rendering Index 63Ra8

Beam Angle -

Voltage 59V

Bulb Finish Frosted

Placement Ceiling

Dimension of Room (LxW) 9.88 x 9.88

Total floor area/ A (m2) 97.6

Standard illuminance required (lux) 300

Mounting Height / H (Hm) 2.0

Assumption of reflectance value Ceiling: 0.7

Wall: 0.5

Floor: 0.3

Room index /RI (K)


𝐻𝑚 × (𝐿 +𝑊)

(9.88 x 9.88) / (9.88 + 9.88) x 2.0

=2.47

Utilization factor / UF

(Based on given utilization factor table)

0.68

Maintenance factor /MF 0.8

𝑁 =𝐸 × 𝐴

𝐹 × 𝑈𝐹 × 𝑀𝐹 𝑁 =300 × 97.6

(1200 × 3) ×0.68 × 0.8

𝑁 = 14.9 ≈ 15


Assume SHR ratio is 1:1, Hm = 2, therefore maximum spacing = 2.0m

Width/ maximum spacing = 9.88/2.0

~ 5 rows of lamps

15/5 = 3.lamps each rows.

Theredore, a total of 15 luminaires are needed.



According to MS 1525, the standard illumination for a office is 300 lux

Material Function Colour Area (m2) Surface Type

Reflectance Value (%)

Concrete

finish

Ceiling Grey 37.75 Reflective 15-50

Concrete

cement finish

Wall and

floor

Grey 61.75 Absoptive 10



Fabric Chair Beige 13.2 Absorptive 30

Product brand Philips T8 TL-D Standard

Colours

Lamp Luminous Flux EM 1200Lm per lamp/ 3

lamps per luminaire

Rated Colour Temperature 4100K


Colour Rendering Index 63Ra8

Beam Angle -

Voltage 59V

Bulb Finish Frosted

Placement Ceiling

Dimension of Room (LxW) 7.55 x 5

Total floor area/ A (m2) 37.75




Wall: 0.5

Floor: 0.3

Room index /RI (K)


𝐻𝑚 × (𝐿 +𝑊)

(7.55x 5) / (7.55 + 5) x 1.7

=1.77



0.60


𝑁 =𝐸 × �

𝐹 × 𝑈𝐹 × 𝑀𝐹 𝑁 =300 × 37.75

(1200 × 3) ×0.60 × 0.8

𝑁 = 6.5 ≈ 7


Assume SHR ratio is 1:1, Hm = 1.7, therefore maximum spacing = 1.7m

Width/ maximum spacing = 5/1.7

~ 3 rows of lamps

7/3 = 2.3 ~ 2 lamps each rows.



2.2.2 Ground Floor Retail (PSALI)

According to Ms 1525, the standard illumination is 200-750 lux. The minimum value

of 200 lux will be applied in this calculation.

Material Function Colour Area (m2) Surface

Type

Reflectance

Value (%)

Concrete

finish

Ceiling Grey 90 Reflective 15-50

Concrete

cement finish

Wall and

floor

Grey 157 Absoptive 30



Product brand Philips Master LED

Spotlight PAR

Lamp Luminous Flux EM 900Lm per lamp/ 5 lamps

per luminaire

Rated Colour

Temperature

2700K


Colour Rendering Index 80

Beam Angle 25D

Voltage 220-240V

Bulb Finish -

Placement Ceiling Spot Light

Dimension of Room (LxW) 10 x 9

Total floor area/ A (m2) 90




Wall: 0.5

Floor: 0.3

Room index /RI (K)


𝐻𝑚 × (𝐿 +𝑊)

(10 x 9) / (10 + 9) x 3.0

=1.58




0.57


𝑁 =𝐸 × 𝐴

𝐹 × 𝑈𝐹 × 𝑀𝐹 𝑁 =300 × 90

(1200 × 5) ×0.57 × 0.8

𝑁 = 9.8 ≈ 10


Assume SHR ratio is 1:1, Hm = 3.0, therefore maximum spacing = 3.0m

Width/ maximum spacing = 10/3

~ 3 rows of lamps

10/3 = 3.3 ~ 3 lamps each rows.



3.0 ACOUSTIC

3.1 External Noise Calculation

Traffic Noise (Main Road)

Non-Peak Hour Peak Hour

Highest sound

level reading

80dB 90dB

Lowest sound

level reading

70dB 75dB

Intensity for

highest

reading, IH

𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔101𝐼!"#

80 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10𝐼!𝐼!"#

80 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔101

1×10!!"

IH = 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔 !"!"×1×10!!"

IH = 1 x 10-4

𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔101𝐼!"#

90 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10𝐼!𝐼!"#

90 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔101

1×10!!"

IH = 𝐴𝑛𝑡�𝑙𝑜𝑔 !"!"×1×10!!"

IH = 1 x 10-3

Intensity for

lowest reading,

IL

𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔101𝐼!"#

70 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10𝐼!𝐼!"#

70 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔101

1×10!!"

IH = 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔 !"!"×1×10!!"

IH = 1 x 10-5

𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔101𝐼!"#

75 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10𝐼!𝐼!"#

75 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔101

1×10!!"

IH = 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔 !"!"×1×10!!"

IH = 3.162 x 10-5

Total

Intensities, I

I = (1 x 10-4) + (1 x 10-5)

I = 1.1 x 10-4

I = (1 x 10-4) + (3.163 x 10-5)

I = 1.316 x 10-4

Sound Pressure

Level, SPL 𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10×

1.1 x 10!!

1×10!!"

SPL = 80.4dB

𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10×1.316 x 10!!

1×10!!"

SPL = 81.2dB


Traffic Noise (Back Alley)

Non-Peak Hour Peak Hour

Highest sound

level reading

55dB 60dB

Lowest sound

level reading

50dB 55dB

Intensity for

highest

reading, IH

𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔101𝐼!"#

55 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10𝐼!𝐼!"#

55 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔101

1×10!!"

IH = 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔 !!!"×1×10!!"

IH = 3.162 x 10-7

𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔101𝐼!"#

60 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10𝐼!𝐼!"#

60 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔101

1×10!!"

IH = 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔 !"!"×1×10!!"

IH = 1 x 10-6

Intensity for

lowest reading,

IL

𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔101𝐼!"#

50 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10𝐼!𝐼!"#

50 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔101

1×10!!"

IH = 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔 !"!"×1×10!!"

IH = 1 x 10-7

𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔101𝐼!"#

55 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10𝐼!𝐼!"#

55 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔101

1×10!!"

IH = 𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑙𝑜𝑔 !!!"×1×10!!"

IH = 3.162 x 10-7

Total

Intensities, I

I = (3.162 x 10-7) + (1 x 10-7)

I = 4.162 x 10-7

I = (1 x 10-6) + (3.162 x 10-7)

I = 1.316 x 10-6

Sound Pressure

Level, SPL 𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10

×4.162 x 10!!

1×10!!"

SPL =56.2dB

𝑆𝑃𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔10×1.316 x 10!!

1×10!!"

SPL = 61.2dB


The peak combine SPL from external noise sources of main road of 81.2dB is

approximately the total SPL of the arts and crafts market, as there aren’t any walls

that separate this space and the outside sources.

According to the Acoustic Standard ANSI, a marketplace is required to have an

acoustic tolerance level between 56dB to 80dB. The combined SPL of external noises

of the market is within the recommended acoutic noise level range, which is 81.2dB

at its peak and 80.4dB at non-peak hours.

The peak combine SPL from external noise sources of back alley of 61.2dB is

approximately the total SPL of the arts and crafts market, as there aren’t any walls

that separate this space and the outside sources.

According to the Acoustic Standard ANSI, a marketplace is required to have an

acoustic tolerance level between 56dB to 80dB. The combined SPL of external noises

of the market is within the recommended acoutic noise level range, which is 61.2dB at its peak and 56.2dB at non-peak hours.


3.2 Internal Noise (Reverberation Time)

Reverberation times are calculated based on material absorption coefficient at 2000Hz

at peak hour.

3.2.1 Classroom

Room height: 2.7m

Standard Reverberation TIme for Classroom: 0.6s

Peak Hour Capacity: 48 people

Volume of Office: 264m2


Components Materials Area (m2) Absorption coefficient

(2000Hz)

Area x absorption

coefficient

Ceiling Plaster finish 98 0.04 3.92

Steel 51.69 0.01 0.517

Wall Reinforced

concrete

67.53 0.02 1.35

Openings Glass 4.86 0.07 0.34

Floor Concrete 98 0.02 1.96

Furniture Timber 60 0.1 6

People Non-

Peak

- 96 0.5 48

Total Absorption (A) 62.087

RT = (0.16 x V) / A

Where,

V: Volume of space

A: Total absorption: S1A1 + S2A2 + S3A3 + ……. + SnAn

Reverberation Time (Peak Hour)

RT = 0.16 x V / A

= 0.16 x 264 / 62.087

= 0.68s

The reverberation time for classroom during peak hour is 0.68s. This is within the

optimum reverberation time of 0.6s to 0.7s for a classroom according to the Acoustic

Standard ANSI (2008).



Room height: 2.7m

Standard Reverberation Time for Office: 1s


Volume of Office: 37.75m2

Components Materials Area (m2) Absorption

coefficient (2000Hz)

Area x

absorption coefficient

Ceiling Plaster finish 37.75 0.04 1.51

Steel 19.9 0.01 0.199

Wall Reinforced

concrete

47.385 0.02 0.948

Glass panel 15.525 0.07 10.868


Floor Concrete 37.75 0.02 0.755

Furniture Timber 13.2 0.1 1.32


Fabric 13.2 0.7 9.24

People Non-

Peak

- 17 0.5 8.5


RT = (0.16 x V) / A

Where,

V: Volume of space



RT = 0.16 x V / A

= 0.16 x 37.75 / 33.68

= 0.18s

The reverberation time for office during peak hour is 0.18s while the ideal

reverberation time for office is 0.4s to 1s. The office sound control is sufficient for a

quiet and calm working eperience for the occupants.



Room height: 3.7m


Volume of Office: 37.75m2

Components Materials Area (m2) Absorption coefficient

(2000Hz)

Area x absorption

coefficient

Ceiling Plaster finish 90 0.04 3.6

Wall Plaster 67 0.02 1.34

Glass panel 41.84 0.07 2.929


Floor Concrete 90 0.02 1.8

Furniture Timber 8.8 0.1 0.88

People Non-

Peak

- 10 0.5 5



RT = (0.16 x V) / A

Where,

V: Volume of space



RT = 0.16 x V / A

= 0.16 x 90 / 15.889

= 0.91s

The reverberation time for retail shop during peak hour is 0.91s. Since the shops are

all individual small shop where it could not accommodate too much people, the

assumption of having 5 customers in a shop would not produce too much noise

whereby it would affect spaces outside of the shop. This will allow a pleasant walking

ans shopping experiene for the customer around the market.


3.3 Internal Noise (Sound Transmission Loss)

𝑆𝑅𝐼 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"1𝑇!"

where,

𝑇!! = 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑠

𝑇!" =𝑆!× 𝑇!! + 𝑆!× 𝑇!! … (𝑆!×𝑇!")

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎

3.3.1 Classroom

Sound pressure level of a classroom should be 35dB according to MS1525 standards.

Surface material Surface area, S

(m2)

Transmission

coefficient, Tc

S x Tc

Concrete wall 26.68 2.51 x 10-5 6.70 x 10-4

Glass door 5.076 2.51 x 10-3 0.0127

Total surface area 31.756 Total S x Tc 0.0134

Wall type (a): Concrete wall

TL of concrete wall = 46

𝑇𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"(1𝑡)

46 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"(1

𝑡!"#!$%&%)

𝑙𝑜𝑔!!4.6 = 1

𝑡!"#!$%&%

𝑡!"#!$%&% =1

𝑙𝑜𝑔!!4.6

𝑡!"#!$%&% = 2.51×10!!

Wall type (b): Glass door

TL of glass door = 26


𝑇𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"(1𝑡)

26 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"(1

𝑡!"#!$%&%)

𝑙𝑜𝑔!!2.6 = 1

𝑡!"#!$%&%

𝑡!"#!$%&% =1

𝑙𝑜𝑔!!2.6

𝑡!"#!$%&% = 2.51×10!!

Average Transmission Coefficient of Materials

𝑇!" =𝑆!× 𝑇!! + 𝑆!× 𝑇!! … (𝑆!×𝑇!")


= (0.013431.756)

= 4.22 × 10!!

Overall SRI =


= 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"1

4.22×10!!

= 33.75𝑑𝐵 33.75dB of noise will be reduced during sound transmission from the classroom to spaces outside of classroom. This implies that the wall with the specific selection of materials as an acoustic buffer is adequate enough to isolate the space from adjacent noise sources.



Sound pressure level of a office should be 35dB according to MS1525 standards.


(m2)

Transmission

coefficient, Tc

S x Tc

Concrete wall 47.385 2.51 x 10-5 1.189 x 10-3

Glass door 4.86 2.51 x 10-3 0.0122



TL of concrete wall = 46

𝑇𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"(1𝑡)

46 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"(1

𝑡!"#!$%&%)

𝑙𝑜𝑔!!4.6 = 1

𝑡!"#!$%&%

𝑡!"#!$%&% =1

𝑙𝑜𝑔!!4.6

𝑡!"#!�!"! = 2.51×10!!



𝑇𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"(1𝑡)

26 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"(1

𝑡!"#!$%&%)

𝑙𝑜𝑔!!2.6 = 1

𝑡!"#!$%&%

𝑡!"#!$%&% =1

𝑙𝑜𝑔!!2.6

𝑡!"#!$%&% = 2.51×10!!



𝑇!" =𝑆!× 𝑇!! + 𝑆!× 𝑇!! … (𝑆!×𝑇!")


= (0.013452.245)

= 2.562 × 10!!

Overall SRI =


= 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"1

2.562×10!!

= 35.91𝑑𝐵 35.91dB of noise will be reduced during sound transmission from the management office to market area and vise versa. This implies that the wall with the specific selection of materials as an acoustic buffer is adequate enough to isolate the space from adjacent noise sources.



Sound pressure level of a shop should be 35dB according to MS1525 standards.


(m2)

Transmission

coefficient, Tc

S x Tc

Concrete wall 67 2.51 x 10-5 1.682 x 10-3

Glass door 4.86 2.51 x 10-3 0.0122



TL of concrete wall = 46s

𝑇𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"(1𝑡)

46 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"(1

𝑡!"#!$%&%)

𝑙𝑜𝑔!!4.6 = 1

𝑡!"#!$%&%

𝑡!"#!$%&% =1

𝑙𝑜𝑔!!4.6

𝑡!"#!$%&% = 2.51×10!!



𝑇𝐿 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"(1𝑡)

26 = 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"(1

𝑡!"#!$%&%)

𝑙𝑜𝑔!!2.6 = 1

𝑡!"#!$%&%

𝑡!"#!$%&% =1

𝑙𝑜𝑔!!2.6

𝑡!"#!$%&% = 2.51×10!!



𝑇!! =𝑆!× 𝑇!! + 𝑆!× 𝑇!! … (𝑆!×𝑇!")


= (0.013971.86 )

= 1.93 × 10!!

Overall SRI =


= 10𝑙𝑜𝑔!"1

1.93×10!!

= 37.14𝑑𝐵 37.14dB of noise will be reduced during sound transmission from the shop to market area. This implies that the wall with the specific selection of materials as an acoustic buffer is adequate enough to isolate the space from adjacent noise sources.


4.0 References 1. Architects' Data. (2012). Chicester: John Wiley and Sons 2. ASHRAE, (1995). ASHREA handbook 1984 systems. Atlanta, GA: American Society Heating, Refrigerating &. 3.CIBSE. (2002). Code for Lighting. Burlington: Elsevier. 4. Sound Absorption Coefficients of architectural accoustical materials. (1957). New York

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