앓짧 차 드E -.

'" IP 멀티캐스팅 개요

'" Internet 5tandard Multicast (15M) ,. Intra-Domain Multicast Routing Protocols ). Inter-Domain Multicast Routing

'" 50me Issues in Multicast Routing ,. Administratively Scoped IP Multicast ’ Multicast Address Allocation

'" New Multicast Routing Protocols ,

Simple Multicast Source Specific Multicast

’

신기술

IζII흩I

~국헌JJ"m염구흩

라우팅

고석

sjkoh@pec.etri. re.kr

---‘ ...

주

1

멀티캐스트

λ

Multicast Applications

KRNET2000

Class D Address

2

밟짧 “ }

~" -""'- : " :-" :-'-，，:，，'-"~"'-": " :~:='~~::-':"=::-:::" : =:::-~:::=-，: :: :::-::-:--•. ~::=~-:.-==.，，，.::::，:::!，，，~:，，:.....，，::::::=~:，，，..，，，:=:，.， •• ~:.:.，. .，，.， … -

'" IPv4 Class D addresses for IP multicasting ,. 32 bits 주소공간

>> Class A(1/2), 8(1/4), C(1/8), D(1/16), Reserved(lj16) >> Address space: 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255

”” 기11

」 1llJ

1l|j

--’j

H

.... 배

1. -“

-'‘’.d4to‘

M1id

삐L썩찌피π띠찌때

째 빼 때 뼈

'" Multicast Application 5ervices One-to-Many Multicast

> 인터넷방송， 파일전슐， 실 시간 증권접보 전솜 등

Many-to-Many (few-to-many) Multicast >> Group Conferencing 둥

'" 5ession Notifications ‘ SDP/SAP (sdr t。이): Mbone

>> SDP(Session Description Protocol): RFC 2327 >> SAP(Session Announcement Protocol): Draft

• SIP(Session Initiation Protocol): RFC2S43 ‘ HTTP: Web Page , SMTP: E-mail

‘

i

KRNET2000

IGMP: 메커니즘

4 KRNET1000

짧짧

3

'" Internet Group Management Protocol ,. Binding of group Users (Hosts) to Network

，~.::m•ε:;;:1<;::.'，:;:':;‘;;< :.~，";ε얻::::::::ii.::.;;:;; ’'5>.'.'.，-*:.찍%(잉얀::.'.'$!:';:.';.'!X!"H.'~\';;~;;.'.Y!..?，*앉 영*ι:~~."'.:양없>>:，"*.;'ι:ε:

'" Host - Router Interaction: Join(G), Leave(G)

‘;영*.'i!.~;:， 깅rr..'.~ι

, . Host -> Router >> Host Membership Report to Group Address (G)

, Router -> Hosts: >> IGMP Query to Group Address (G)

'" IGMP Versions >> IGMPv1: RFC1112 (in 1989), by Steve Deering >> IGMPv2: RFC2236 (in 1997)

- Host의 Leave(G) 소요시간 축소 >> IGMPv3: Internet Draft (in 2000)

- Source별로 (S,G) state 관리기능 추가 La‘’

H ... C

HotI A

H .. ‘8 ’"'~

3에 .. ..

Rovt’r HOSI Mtlmbe’‘hi, Report tÐ GrOtl p Addnt’‘

‘ MP Outry 10 2ZUO.l -

KRNET2.이lO

-398-

6 KRl'iET2αlO 5

Internet 5tandard Multicast (15M) Dense and 5parse Area ;"E:~ ’ ;ιiι ”ε~‘ ~';~’‘잉'i!:::，:::'7JJ. ζ Iι ，~ •• :~.， ':::.:::::，-:~'.;; , • ~: ,=:. ι ，，，.，， ••• ,.: •• ,.,.,' .... ,,. ,:.,.,-,. ι 7 • :::::::::":::: ".=.;':".'.:.," "ê:.! :":":: .. , "'.', " ':":.':. ':~ ι τ ? • ‘ -，'''，';，;\';."εz ‘ ':Ef.~.::~r:.' ‘’:":22'::，';.7:':.，"，-:.'E::::느，~.':::::=-:'.，:':::::;ε '2:::i.，:';';:~':;;:，，:~" ::::.:'::， 긍 '~:':~::;::.-;;:-."*'.:;: ;':' *~

"" Intra-Domain Multicast Routing Protocols , DVMRP: RFC 1075 (1988)

>> Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol , MOSPF: RFC 1585 (1994), RFC 2178 (1997)

>> Multicast Extensions to OSPF PIM-DM: Internet Draft

>> Protocol Independent Multicast - Dense Mode , CBT:RFC 2201 (1997), RFC 2189 (1997)

>> Core Based Tree ,. PIM-SM: RFC 2117 (1997), RFC 2362 (1998)

>> Protocol Independent Multicast - Sparse Mode

* 멀티캐스트 라우팅 프로토콜 분류 , Dense Area: DVMRP, MOSPF , PIM-SM

,. Sparse Area: CBT, PIM-SM

Source Based Center Based Tree Tree

Implicit DVMRP Join PIM-DM

Explicit MOSPF CBT Join PIM-SM PIM-SM

7 KRNET2(잉0 8 KR.NET2α)()

Tree Types Join Mechanisms ‘~;::~::;.;. ;:::~. : ;.. ... ~: ~~:: ~， .• ..:..:. -': .: •.••.. : .:._-',: .:.._;;:::..! :: -- - :: :: .;; .. _ •.. -,,'-. ‘ _ ...... _ ....... _ .... _.- μ( ” ” - ;- - ~ .............. . . HH ...... ~ .......... ... ..... . ... _ι ‘-- - - - ;- -}- -- -

ι SBT (Source Based Tree) >> Shortest path from Source to Receivers

, . CBST (Core Based Shared Tree) >> Shortest path from Core to SourcejReceivers

> Implicit Join (Data-Driven) >> Subnet Router어| 얼 EI 캐스트 데이터 도확 후 트리 형성

’ Explicit Join >> Subnet Router에 서 Core 라 우 터 로 Join message t! 술

Core

S | Date-Driven | ExpIlCIt JOIn i S

R ι :-~~

머꾀]

· 띤꾀 0.1.

Subnet Rouler

) I

Source ι c'rt

R R R R R R R0Uler

9 KRNET~α)() 10 KR\~T~OOO

DVMRP: 개요 DVMRP: RPM ，:， .，~.!:E.:.~'Z.'.'.:.:.F:.=:.7.:.:::: .. :i::~':'7;.':.";:.;';'ι tτ ，7:，'，0:::; ι → -，，".-' ........ _- ι ν‘7

:ι 7.':.":'.'''''r,':.: ".'."" •. ~~，、'::.C:-:.:::::'.':.':::::::，:，.:，::.';， ‘ 'n:'，'C씨ν ，7:'".，".::':E，-;'.':.，:-;:L'::'::=.':;:::'::X;.:=:õ: ←:，'::'.:::，7:+:E.'="C.'.::ii::;':_::;::;.~:.:;.7':~， ‘ .,. ".--.: :.=::~'."，" -.::

... Broadcasting + Reverse Path + Pruning

••••••••••• •

Active 8ranch

Inactive 8ranch

"" RPM 알고리즘 , Broadcasting

> 멀티캐스트 packet을 모든 down-links에 broadcast

λ Pruning (Periodic) >> packet 수신 후 ， member가 없는 Leaf 라우터는 upstream 라우터에 Prune 메시::1: 1 전송

>> Upstream 라우터에서 ”일정시간" Prune 메시지 유효 )) Prune 메 시 지 기 expire 되 연 다 시 broadcasting

, Grafting >> Prune된 리우터에 새로운 member가 접속되면， “ graft’ 메 시지훌 upstream에 보내어 다시 up-link들을 active 시킬

S(G 1)

..... ....... Pru.ne 메 시 지

R(GI)

----

R(G2) O

R(G I)

1 1 KR\ J.T:““ I~ KRNET~α)()

- 399-

DVMRP: Routing Table DVMRP: Forwarding Table 짧훌& !，~:'*:i"';;.'S:，，f';'j!.";;m.~!::;:.:'::=:.';i::=m;.:;":l'~'，~o;:.;;Ei:ii:.'!!，，"!.7.，'.Eι :ι5ι'i';-，'ll‘ ，*，"I!.;ι，짧':;，"i:~:;;::;'"$.;;;;:'r.;;~:;，!:，，-m;5:，，!)!，';，;;:，::'~'~';'，~;'~'‘’g ?;t=:'ff'!i.'f;æ:.'~.'iIt.~i<~.~.'I!'.1.'!，~'S.>;.~::::::E3i: ... _.;if!E;::::::~:~i".a:;.;;-::?:SM:.~."Et.3.'.1Ð.~.~'Ii'Nr.:1fIi~.~"$. ... W;~~H.~JJ.ε:;;;;;:，，::，'，;，，>1'드했

1. Reverse Path 정 보 > 해당 라우터는 Source (128. 1. 0.이의 멀티캐스트 때킷율I

Gateway (128.7.5.2)에서 수신함

,. Periodic Routing Table Update (between routers) >> Scalability Problem ! (too many potential sources)

... Routing table (Reverse Path) 토대로 Tree 구성 ‘ 일 EI 캐스트 packet의 InjOut 인터퍼|이스 얼정

)) 여I : 각 (S, G) 트래픽에 대해 input (1), ω따Jt (2, 3) ‘ Down-links(out interfaces)에 대해 Prune 정보 포항

> 예 : 2p3p => if no mem밟s in suαlet => 1 pr

없m::e I Subnet F!OIII κ1etric 1 S때IIS 1 I'IL Source I Multicast n I Out

128. 1.0.0 1255.255.0.0 1128.7.5.2 13

128.2.0.0 1255.255.0.0 1128.6.3.1 15

w -w

m -m 128. 1.0.0 2p3p

128.2.0.0 1224. 1. L1 2 2p3

13 KRNET2000 14 KRNET2000

CBT: 개요 CBT: bootstrap 메 커 니 즘 -r F은 능.은 은 ••• _ - 드( -; }」 •; -} •• ---- ; -- -- E: -;; --: -- ;÷ ÷;;;-- - --- ; -; ;- -- -- - ==:::::..;......_-'.----,.:: __ :;;~"ι ;;;----;〕」 •_._ ... __ ........ __ ... _---_ .... _ .. • --- -- --

'" Core Based Shared Tree ,. Shortest Path Tree from Core to Source/Receivers

>> Group내의 모든 Active senderJ f 같은 Tree률 공유 >> Sparse Mode Wide Area OlI 적 합

ι Ex미 icit Join 메 키 니 즘 )) Member는 Core Router어I JoinjPrune 메 시 지 전 송

). Protocol Independent >> PIM-SM처럼 Unicast Routing Protocol에 독립

,. Bi-directional Tree >> PIM-SM: Unidirectional Tree > 라우터에서의 Forwarding Table: 앙방향

). BSR(Bootstrap Router): broadcast to 러 I routers ). Candidate Core Routers: keep-alive to BSR

). CBT Routers: select “ Group Core" by hash function

o. BSR

Candidate Core

Keep Alive

••••••••••• • Core 정보

,O 꾀 O Candidate

Core

δ 0

15 KRNET2000 16 KRNET2αm

CBT: Join PIM-SM: 개요 ~.~"iι'~::::~ï.-:;;;;'~'m"3ii;:'ε?5;5g ε:;;.'ι*‘ 'i$H':F..'if! ‘λ lô!-，:'.:;.'f::::7=.'f.':.'::，"Y.7:'i;.:':"!':;.'i.':，~ri.τ ';o;E;':.~.:;';::.'iHii';;:;mμ~.=;;‘~:!':.ï::::!::.:~:，*，'i，*ιεi ‘e“’I!i:<“ e‘”‘W~r.'f:κ'W *":.:'.::;:::;，m.'f::.:，!:::!.，*.=;ô;Hö::，:.~'.~.，*，ι.T.'!，잉사~gsaFZ쩍싼촌ι’““‘'!i.'*-"&Æ.'~'.~，’1ε :Ji:.，':，':."ι.~;':;::::: •. "!::.,."- • ';;;;::::::::::::E. • ? • :<;'"im'i，"óõ，:;.~'.>;ø;.'!r;;.'ir.;;.~.~'

'" Join the selected Core ). Join_Request & Join_ACK

I Along the unicast Routing Path to Core

----------CBT Tree J oin_Request

Join ACK

'" RP based Shared Tree ι Similar to CBT

I RP(Rendezvous Point): Core ) Unidirectional Tree

>> Tunneling from Source to RP >> Unidirectional Forwarding from RP to Receivers

'" SBT + CBT ι Delay-sensitive source traffic : SBT

I Delay-insensitive source traffic: CBT >. Source traffic rate에 따라 CBT에 서 SBT로 전 환

Core Router .. '

Source

•••••••••• ‘

17 KRNET2000 18 KAA'H2000

-400-

PIM-SM: SBT + CBT 훌훌l 분 석 : Scalability ? 훌훌앓 프약;연!.'.?:.Y.1a!I:'~..;;'l역E:::.:a，'.:;''''，';:ii..''?，7f.'$.，，'i::::.:'!똥;l'~~::;，'.，*-，*1.';:'~.'."i!.:..'!!fm:영'H::'-:1".':ε，"i:.，~I!~"，~::;;:.;;e:'.，~，'!.';:;!

... Switching from CBT to SBT

,. Initiated by Receiver

,. Traffic rate threshold: “ 0'’ in real network

••••••••••• þo SBT

... Multicast Routing Tables > 얼 토의 multicast routing tables: DVMRP, MOSPF >> Unicast routing tables 사용: PIM, CBT

... Forwarding entries in a Router >> SBT scales to (S, G) : DVMRP, MOSPF, PIM-DM >> CBT scales to G : CBT, PIM-SM

... Join Mechanisms >> Data-Driven(broadcast/prune): DVMRP, PIM-DM

- Non-Member(non-tree) Router의 데 이 터 수신 >> Explicit Join: PIM-SM, CBT

- Bootstrap mechanism 요구

Sender

CBT

•••••••••••••••••••••

Receiver RP

19 KRNET2α)() 10 KR.' iET2000

Inter-Domain Multicast Routing MSDP: 개요 훌훨 i.;ii;，;~~::;~:.，:，~:;:::: .. ,,::::, .... ,,+.;:.,,;:.;:..::;,:.:;":.:H ••. ;:: ••• :,,:; ••• ;~::::;;，;;:;;:;::F::i';;;;:;.;; :;;;:.:: •. ::iF~ •-•- - - -「 -• -- ι?;-- 」 -;;-- -;:「---「R]

... Inter-Domain Issues

,. One AS(Autonomous System) or ISP in a Domain > DoR1aln 〔]}다 각기 다론 라우팅 프로토콜 및 policy 사용

>. Third-party Dependency Problem >> SendeηReceivers versus RP-core router

, . Discovery of Sources in different domains , Multicast address allocation in multiple domains

... Solutions (7) ,. MSDP/PIM-SM: near-term

>. BGMP: long-term (7)

... Multicast Source Discovery Protocol

,. draft-ietf-msdp-spec-05.txt (Feb. , 2000)

... MSDPjPIM-SM

,. In a domain: PIM-SM >> RP < -> Receivers: 수신자는 오직 자심의 RP만들 고려

, . Between domains: MSDP >> RP <-> RP: TCP connection (Inter-domain RP topology) >> Multicast Source가 어느 Domain에 있는지 파악

, Source - RP >> Shortest Path Tree between Source and RP

21 KRNET2αm ” -- KRNET2어)()

MSDP: 메커 니즘 (1) MSDP: 메커니즘 (2)

> MSDP Peering over M-BGP(BGP4+) >> TCP connection between RPs

, SA (Source Active) messages >> Flooding to the other MSDP-peer RPs

... SPT Configuration between RP and Source >> Send a (S,G) join to the Source

RP2 joins (S,G) Source Tree

4 l

m

쨌l

J d

ll

/

ν“

G

…… β ”

- - - - ‘ 、~Pl sends (s.G) SA message -- - 、

1 RP2 • - - - - - - -1 RP1 ‘ MSDP Peerin

RP2 'SDP Peering RP1

Join

Source S

、、、、、

、、(S， G)、

、

、

SouπeS Receiver R

23 KRNET2000 24 KRNET2000

- 401-

MSDPjP1M-SM: 분 석 x願꿇L -',. ':'~'.'."낀;:;-2;'."~:::::::::::.~:;;;;'.';;s，:~:82:':"U，~.， .'ι::~;;: ;',':-, ',,, ":'~:'.tι'"":.<:~'K;::!.7.'_"{j;:'~:;.~.':.;'~'.~'_~.'Z\:.'.-:.::::_'‘1 • •• - ~:-.:.:: .--~ ........ "::.,;-:::,"_ .•. :_ ''f:.','- •• ,.;- '. ",.:::'t. ':::"_,!:''f''

... MSDP/PIM-SM/M-BGP ). Flood-and-Join 메 커 니 즘

> 특정 G어| 관심 있는 RP들만 source에 Join , Simple to implement

> 현재 Inter-domain 해법으로 구현/배치 중

ι Scalabili마 >> Many Sources => Many SA f100ding in a large network

ι Dynamic Group >> Large Join Latency by Periodic SA messages >> Bursty source with very short lifetime: not effective

~5 KRNET2000

MASC _ •• : .•. __ ._ •• __ .•.. __ ...:-... •.. _-':.0" •. _ ... _ •.. __ ... __ .. __ ....... _‘-- -- } - ---;--”----}-----... Multicast Address Allocation in MASC

。ON、。inO 。omoin E

Domoin A 224.0.0.0/1 6

17

BGMP (2) .:;;''':::':~:~' ’얀} ‘ ” ‘'!;~':.'，': :;.:'E<: ι 0::..'; ;;:::,,',: :."f:::l:,': ‘ ; 、 ι v l ‘ •• •

... Source Specific Branch from F

F1

29

domoin n ‘ 0 .126 .1

KRNET1000

--Bi.directional BGMP Forwarding -예. Source-specific Branch

KRNET2(X)()

-402-

BGMPjMASC 앓꿇없 ".~:':;'，:;':::.'i.'E~"ii::":':'i-C'，-U:;';'$f.;.':::::'''f:*':';':':，:，.';':’ 'i::::~:::，!!，:::，':::::.8'<E.':lid:~'.사썩 ;ε ..... :m: <". :.':-'.':.\' ':.<'::::.'ι ., .... :.":.::., •• ,;.3 :';E!.'i.~:'.W!:'*.‘

... MASC(Multicast Address Set Claim) Protocol ) draft-ietf-malloc-masc-05.αt (Jan., 2000) ) Hierarchical allocation of multicast addresses

>> Claim and Allocation of Address Set (Prefix)

... BGMP(Border Gateway Multicast Protocol) ) draft-ietf-bgmp-spec-O l.αt (March, 2000) ι Bi-directional Shared Tree of Domains

>> Root Domain <=> Core/RP >> Selection of the Root Domain with MASC Protocol

26 KRNEnooo

BGMP (1) --_ .... __ ... _ ..... __ ._-_ ... _-... _ ... _ .. -•=;::= .. ::;..::...._ ... __ .. .;.._ ....... _ ... ;;;;.....- -_ .. _ ... __ .... _ ... __ .. _ .. _ •.. __ ... _ . ..:.... ... _ .. _ .. -

... Bi-directional Shared Tree of Domains

F1

è8

A

얻와으요띄밍잉 밍냐길A냥~

0.1. .. --Bi.directional BGMP Forwarding

KRNET2αJO

15M Arch itectu re . ..... 'T.~ .. :.::.:.-;;:::,:.:.T?::::>:!.:.: •.• : '7.::':::'~r::":.'.，':..，"，:.'，':::!.":'::;;;:.，:-":: •. ',;.' ‘ _'::::'~'-Hi，ε: ‘ ’ ::";;.7.';:.".:~ .

... Architecture of Internet Multicast Routing

Unlc_t Multlcast 。 H:OP fWi.,.. k“。CA~N.I<‘양ζ， Rπ'"

’A ‘“‘ 디NS 1'ft..J 1i~ c‘ .op 90P ' -':P

TCP uop

IC " P 볕권 ", ,,p

。e，SaPRFP R P ‘ Hf PI.‘양1M ， PN- DM “ :>9P'

.'" OVMAP

A IP. , κ .. AP oop,

H훌 t.AS QP. eo μp

OOP

‘’ßQ P (9:3 P .... )

Jf) KRNET~OOO

Some Issues in MRP ‘’ε~~ε:!*?~ζ7:._... 은3앙굿톨s;r r ;t\P'.~등드::E5:S.ξ:::*ε=t:!'t.7j닝'.~'f.""얀 ‘"'::'::::::~=:::::.$:‘잉Fε~!i'.$.::;m:z::::=-;，.' •'''"='':::2'.:;:.;

... Multicast Traffic Scoping

>> Administratively Scoped IP multicasting >> 239/8 address: RFC2365 (1998)

... Multicast Address Allocation

ι Collisions of multicast addresses in Internet >> Dynamic allocation and assignment: MAAA (malloc WG) >> Static assignment: GLOP addressing (MBoneD WG)

... New Multicast Routing Protocols

) I

>> Source Specific Multicast (SSM): (S,G) channel >> Simple Multicast: (Core, G) channel

Administratively Scoped

KRNET2000

~==~.;.::==:;.;;.: •-;;~; • -;;; 」 - - -;- --」 --」;」J ; •

... Based on address (Regardless of TTL)

). Administratively Scoped IP Multicasting

33

>> 239/8 (239.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255): RFC2365 - Site-Local Scope: 239.253.0.0/16

Organization-Local Scope: 239.192.0.0/14

λ Globally scoped Addresses >> 224.0.1.0 - 238.255.255.255

). Reservation by IANA >> 224.0.0.0 - 224.0.0.255

- 224.0.0.1 : AII host on Subnet - 224.0.0.2 : AII multicast routers on Subnet

Multicast Address Allocation (2)

KRNET2αJO

'::，:--;::，';;:::::，:.;;，'，'，~7!::;' ::쓰양~줬~~2i:환'::::-::::S:，';!IJι~:，:응Fε;:，，，:，;;;::::，::， ν'Æ.8iCiim.'“'JJJfI!!!，'，;:':=::::"H，?!，V;，，!I，'!，~:;'~‘Hfìiii.~，"，，'.':，i=.7::，'5:，::;r.츠S 얀

... Four Alternatives

35

ι MMA (Multicast Address Allocation Architecture) >> IETF malloc WG

λ GLOP (Static Allocation and Assignment) >> GLOP addressing in 233/8 : RFC2770 (Feb., 2000)

1. New Routing Protocols: Internet Drafts >> Simple Multicast : (Core, G) channel >> Source Specific Multicast (SSM): (S,G) channel

1. Multicast in I Pv6 >> 120 bits : multicast address space

K.Rl'-.'ET:!OOO

- 403-

TTL Scoped Multicasting =::"，'5::=<"，-;z.::~~:'::::.rs:~싼혔'$.'.11':'，‘:판gγ:"~.'.~ζ생펀E쨌i

... Using TTL-Threshold

J ~

> 얼티캐스트 데이터의 lifetime 제한 >> Complex to implement (TTL-Threshold measure)

A closer look: TTL-Thresholds

Mu뼈eaatPleke‘ “'/TTL: 2‘

rTL* Tbr.aho l d • 0

。‘Ita‘;51; (TTL'까， .. 1iIOI삐 -11) EO; (TTL.n‘”‘*얘 - 0) 52; (TTL깨’‘，。얘 .~)

Poeket not forwanMdl

-“

KRNET~OOO

Multicast Address Allocation (1) 훌웰 _ •• _-, .• ::::;;.~，;:::: ‘ 은_ .. _.-•=,,'. __ .::.,:;:':;:::- • rr〔」-- -- --- - - -- ‘ r〔「 ~; ;= 든==.. .... =:.'=,.,;.;• ---- = --- -} =

... Address Collisions >> Total address space: 2^28 >> Today’'s Router Memory: 2,000 group addresses

100 -~

BCJ -

훌펑 60 -

-。 40

δ 2D

。-。 2。 4(J 60 80

Mut_성r e5 ln ra.rloer 'fDiOY(에

34 KRNET2αm

MAAA 'EE'.'::r:,;';õ:.,,,'-;õ, 약，~If'i，7T.:Et."，7:.!:'，7*，::;i';;::'，*!'.Ji;':'~!!I/'.'，’“~，~.9im.，;'iii.，，~'H，'，'，':E:.ö"'!G;~，쨌i.rr.:iO:!:'i.，'.'.'1':':;;e~~':;'~'i!.，-;7::，:'::::.7::::Ei.쩍iF깅‘ g

... Multicast Address Allocation Architecture

'6

>> MALLOC WG: draft- ietf-malloc-arch-Q4.αt (Jan., 2000)

i 까lree protoc이5 connecting hosts/domains/servers >> MADCAP (Multicast Address Dynamic Client Allocation P.)

- RFC 2730 - Hosts request addresses from (MAAS) servers

>> AAP (Address Allocation Protocol) - draft-ietf-malloc-aap-03.αt (March, 2000) - The servers inform each other of claimed addresses

>> MASC (M비ticast Address Set 디aim) protocol - Allocation of addresses between domains

KRNET2000

GLOP addressing in 233/8 훌덤L 분석 : MAAA & GLOP 훌흩앙 .'!ii.:ir..~~;':jr:::!$:::::='?:.l온3'C.Jæ26.~ε*‘5". "'75- •. U.': lj!- -:;:,',::":: ... ií2X.UZ *l'íiH::*:æ;.; .. ,_:":':'''': .. ::;.Wflh cl:i‘:::;:::":C:::. ::LUι‘;!!Jι‘ ‘~;:U;:~ ::;;흐-=."'i~ι*:=:.:':."':';:*，ε등:'!':. *:æc!':'으으잉;으=.7 .. 딩===잉'"“-εæw:응프옹드;:::'E.'.ï/‘-*';:"$"''::1:ε::'7:E.등l':?'!'!!aI‘.:t5.~.:. .. '1드t은톨F은’If.'*εI!l'ii:.~딩ï..:C-S:

... Static Allocation and Assignment

}. IETF MboneD WG >> RFC2770 (Feb., 2000) >> GLOP uses Autonomous System (AS) numbers

- (e.g) AS 5662: 233.22.30/24 >> Experiments will be reviewed in May 2000

133 16 bitø AS l o cal bits

... MAAA }. Dynamic allocation of addresses

>> Efficient use of address space >> At the cost of complex design

... MAAA &GLOP }. Class-based allocation of IP addresses

>> Fragmentation of the address space - MAAA: Hierarchical Prefix - GLOP: based on the AS number

>> 5tarvation of addresses

01234 5 678 9 0 1 2 J ‘ 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 B 901

+- +- ‘-+ - ‘ - +-.-+ - +-+ - + - + - .-+ - ‘-+ - ‘ - ‘ - ‘ -+-+-+-+ - + - + - +- ‘ -+ - +- ‘ -+-‘ -‘

+ - +-+-+ - + - +-+-+-+-‘-+ - +-+-‘-‘-+ - + - ‘ - ‘ - +-+-+ - + - +-‘ - ‘-‘-‘ - + - +-‘-‘-‘

37 KRNETIOOO 38 KRNET!OOO

Simple Multicast (1) 짧킬l Simple Multicast (2) --;5;F;; 등구‘-----r든--55;구든;← _ .. ←→으?5 5-;F÷은-←?---- -?r-F÷ ;」--; -; ; ;;E; 」--rc- 드눈;‘ -_ .. ， ιιι÷→- .• :::::: ;:;:.;:~ :~"" :''''';:느.."._.，，:;~~.;;;:::"': ".: • .::::" __ :::::::::~=i'i:::P":;::-→:;::-← :,.;,;;:::::: ..... ~:;=，:.:.:- .-"- , ~:..".;.，，，:;;으.;::::::~닝-:r -? ?• L;; 」÷÷=--; •

... Similar to CBr

ι Draft-perlman-simple-multicast-03.αt (1999) >> 1999년 IETF 3월 회의 알표

}. A multicast group is identified by (Core, G) >> A group = IP address of Core + Group address >> Then, Class D address is not unique in the Internet >> One Core가 여러 G addresses를 사용할 수 있응 >> Multicast address allocation, core placement: 별 도 방식

λ (Core,G) Join: from end host to Core >> Join_Request & Join_ACK >> CBT처 럼 bi-directional tree

"" IP header + SM header (Core, Group)

o 1 l 3 。 1 l 3 ‘ s ‘ 7890113 ‘ 561 8 , 0 1 :2 ] 4 5 ‘ 7 8 9 0 1 • - ‘.‘ - +~+~+~+~‘-‘-+-+ - + - + ~ ‘ - + . +-+ ~ + - + - ‘ - ‘.+-+-+-+ - + - +-+-+-+ - +-+ - +

I Ver. ‘。n \ IHL IType of S ervicel To t .. l Length ‘ 1 • l

•

•

• t “

‘ ” ‘

‘ ”“ ?

애

” 。

? “ ‘ 야 ‘ ““

‘ ‘” ‘ ιu

• q •

r

‘ R

• ι야

‘ “?

M

“

‘ H

‘

‘

•

서 •

• MJ

• n •

• |

• |

‘

• ”

•?

• -

”

• 1

• n • …‘

• …… • ……

• n • @

‘ “ ‘ p

‘ “ ‘ |

•

야 • %

• LM

•

μ

• I

•

。

•

” t

“

• M

”

‘ …“

•

” •

1

*|

+- +-+ - + - +-+-.-+ - ‘ -‘ - . - +-+-+ - + - + ~ + - .-.-+ ~ . - ‘ - . - +-‘ - . - . - ‘~ -.- .~. - + - .

s。‘lr c e A. ddre •• + - + - ‘ - .-+ ~ . - . - ‘ - .-.-+ - . - + - ‘ - ‘ - .-‘ - + - . - .-‘-‘-+ - +-‘ - + - +~+ ~ +-‘ - ‘ - + - +

~e‘ 1;". 1 n~ t ic :a ‘ d c.l r t\ ø a: t"LI.~S~ - 잉。 i.iE S}

.-‘ - + - + - +-‘-+-+-‘-+ - + - ‘-+-+ - ‘ - + - + - +-+-+-+ - ‘ - ‘ - + - + - +-+ ~ + - + ~ ‘ - ‘ - + - +

S M He .. der + - +~+ - +-‘ - ‘ - ‘ - + ~ + - • • + ~ ‘ . +~+ - + - . - + - + - +-+ - + - + - ‘-. -‘-+-+-+ - + - + - + ~ + - +

I Cor~ Add r c ,1I +-+-+ - + - + ~ + - +-‘ -‘ • • - +-+ ~ +-+-+ - + - + ~ + ~ + - + - + - + - + - + - + - ‘ - ‘-+ - +.+ - ‘ - + - +

M\l l ι ι C -S lft Addrese M + ~ + - .-+.+ - + - ‘ - +-+-+ .+-‘ - + - + - +-+-+ - ‘ ~ + - + - + -+ -‘ - + - + - + - + - + - + - + ~ +- +- +

IPro t o co l_egUDP I Co re H ... k \ L I + -+ - +- + - +-+-+-+ - +- + - + - +-+ - +- ‘ -+ - + - +-‘ -+-+ . + . + ~ + - ‘ - . - ‘ - +-+ ~ + . + - + - +

39 KRNET!OOO 40 KRNET! OOO

Simple Multicast (3) Source Specific Multicast ι:::.;~::':.'.Y::.o;r:::!:.';r4~;‘5쨌:、，"i<'!.'I:.<w.il:!.~.'F:!."'"“;'~':;;.;::':::，옥~，*"썽'>i:::i'."::;;':::";:.~."'i:l.~.W-."~'’잉'.:;.:.'Ë:.'!:B;;::，.'!.":，7t"-;?:.~!웠，，，!，ι3 E1i iε했없프i생'>:<-e~:'.;-==.'，.'IF.:-mF!.츠앙ir.! ••. 'C!:.?:::!'!5i:i톨&츠'~:::::"T w .... "~"S:';=;，~슨죠‘;""':'i"E:::-:--i'::~

i‘ ;q^~ =c그 ... SSM History

ι EXPRESS multicast: SIGCOM M'99

,. Internet Drafts (March, 2000) >> 55M 개 요 : draft-holbrook-ssm-OO.αt >> 5SM at Cisco: draft-sandick-pimsm-ssmrules-OO.txt >> S5M at Nortel: draft-bhaskar-pim-ss-OO.αt >> Deployment at 5print: draft-bhattach-diot-pimso-OO.αt

λ Multicast Channel: (S,G) >> 5: Unicast address of 50urce >> G: Class D Group address (기 존 MRP)

} SSM is favored by ISPs (Scott Bradner): WG 예 정

}. No Bootstrap of CBT

) Simple “Multicast Address Allocation"

*단점 ). Data Packet Format (for data transmission)

>> (Source, Group, Core) Addresses >> Additional SM header: for IP address of Core Router >> 15M: (Source, Destination = Class D) > 대 안 : New IP protocol (?) without SM header >> Novel Use of Destination address (ALL-5M-NODE5)

41 KRNET!αm 42 KRNET2000

-404-

SSM: 개요 -당쩔장.:'.:::':::!:ii:::::E.'ii::::::::::.::.~.'.-=::.:'.:~연깅E;'.YZ!:.~양없~f:.;M~'.:':m，'~'긍:'，':. ~::::7::.:'r:.;;，잉으'$::'$:.'&.0.'=，，*，옹':::::::!!":!W~;'、;.:;;iMdl>‘'*CiJ;'f:

후 Very Simple to implement

43

). Multicast Channel: (S,G)

>> S: Unicast address of Source

>> G: Class 0 Group address (기존 MRP)

>> SSM(G) address: .232/8 (232.0.0.0 - 232.255.255.255)

;. Requirement: IGMPv3 >> IGMPvl & v2: IGMP(G) que이 & report (기 존 ISM)

>> IGMPv3: IGMP(S,G) que마 & report (SSM)

,. Shortest Path Tree

>> Hosts: IGMP(S,G) to Router

>> Routers: Join(S,G) to the Source using unicast Routing

KRNET2000

SSM: 분석 (1) •.;;;;;,;;:: ":::.: ~~;，;;;;;;:;;': .".:.;;::; ι_ .... ~ ‘ =F55;; ;;5- ? ←m:;;3':;rPε까 :::;::;;;:::;:;::i'::; :~~~~":":::f~:: .. :"'-.,;;;;: ••. :::'*'~，，:;.;;，"":::，，"'::i:;:t~i:~: r' •• 'r".~.:~，.，.

후장점

45

ι Explicit Join to Source

>> PIM-SM, CBT: Join to RP/Core

- No Bootstrap mechanism (RP broadcasting)

, . Using unicast routing table

>> Shortest Path: from Router to Source: by Join(S,G)

- No mul히cast routing tables (DVMRP, MOSPF)

ι Simple multicast address atlocation

>> G is not necessary to be "unique" in the Internet

- (S, G) channel, not (*,G): No MAAA

1. No Core : No SM header

KRNET1000

비 교 : 15M, 5M, 55M "、、 :!i.'i<':7:,"iii.,:,.:æ;;",.:-;::..:;Xmii;;; • ~.:;;::E:'.:;.εEτ.~.Sö:'.~.'."UY;~'εflY￥'::;'.t.'.w.ï::::'~!-"'!i.'E!'::，!5~ ε ，:::Jf:':':::~!.':':;.'、 : 、앤"'.、;'~~.*';;:"*，7:-;:'ε ';;:.:';::7:;;;;:fi.'i.，*:Ei;:;-，".~' ’

Items ISM SM SSM

Tree Type SBT/ CBT(shared) CBT(shared) SBT

Multicast Channel G Core, G S, G Identification

Routing Table Used Multicast, Unicast Unicast Unicast

Join Mechanism Data-driven, Explicit Join Explicit Join (Bootstrap) Explicit Join

Multicast Address MAAA or GLOP (Core, G) (S, G) Allocation

IGMP Vl/V2 V3 or other V3

Packet Format No change Change No change

47 KRNET~α)()

-405-

SSM: 메커니즘 짧뀔l ~':M!;상':iYf.ν'mil.‘~.'!E:ι'.:;;;;'εi ‘ E二~ε ';::.'.:;::;'느τ2!i.'，';:Pi;::~;"::;.，*:"~.'.*ï<， ε ;.'i.，**:;:::::;:::.ï:::.'$<.YW，.，.，':'!:.!!E.:.:'x';"Ei.:;'::'::':::.은:'3::::으~~."SP..~연~영r.':1ι'"’‘'f.'r，~:'i.~!i&:，:‘g‘

'" Tree Configuration : Similar to PIM-SM

). Join to Source, not RPjCore

>> Receiver = > Router: IGMPv3 (S,G)

>> Router => Source: Join (S,G) in unicasting

↓단~ l Join(S,G) ‘Islng Unicast R삐ting I Subnet I Router 옆똥」

단l

44 KRNET2000

SSM: 분석 (2) 월화 ?-F •- -- -; • r ,-;5 ] 으-~서 ι.:.;;;.""，:. ::.:,,,;;; ..•. ::: ;;;，，:;~;;::;'; !!;;，;;;ε---;;- ;--•; →든:-:，: ::0:..:";:' ::::: ::. :.::.;:!，~=;::;;;;으-은 ....... ~-ι-

*단점 1 No support of shared tree (real concern ?)

>> Multiple channels for many-many multicast

- (e.g) Common G, different S

'" Motivations

1. PIM-SM: real SPT threshold (data rate) = “ 0"

). Most of multicast applications are one-to-many

). ISP wants tight control and management in MRP

>> Easy traffic control of multìcast source

>> Effective billing and Management by (S,G) state

46 KRNET2000

요약 달합 '~-:..，，::::.:.'.'::l;!::::.'i.~:;".'.:.~.'::;:.;.:::.: •• ':; • .'.'l.'::fifE.w.:".:.:;.~.，-;~:<.，.~--:，;，.:.'， ““:&~;았"E"i!l7E::::::::g:;，.，:.，:.，':!!!!Æ，;ær.:r;ii!κ~'Æε-æ.:m，，-，i;:.::::'JE'.:m:.:;;s.w.s'.Wi."RtI!i."ll.";~!않

'" ISM(Internet Standard Multicast)

1 Intra-Domain: DVMRPjMOSPFjPIMjCBT

λ Inter-Domain: MSDPjPIM-SM, BGMPjMASC

... Issues

) Administratively scoped IP Multicast

). Multicast address atlocation

... New Trends

48

ι Simple Multicast with Core: for Shared Tree

•. SSM(Source Specific Multicast) w ith IGMPv3 >> Scalable and easy to implement and manage

KRNET2α)()