bab 3 polarimeter

4.1.1. Tabel Pengamatan

4.1.1.1. Panjang tabung pendek (l) = 10cm

No. M gula(gram)

V aquades

(ml)

C larutan(gr/ml)

Φ1

(o)Φ2

(o)Φ

(Φ2- Φ1)

Φ(rata-rata)

1 Aquades 50174.2175.2174.1

4.34.22

169.8170.9172.1

170.9

2 1 50 0.02177.7178.2179.2

9.96.24.6

167.8172

174.6171.5

3 2 50 0.048.210.99.05

179179

179.1

170.8168.2170.1

169.7

4 3 50 0.063.23.33.1

11.6512.110.75

8.68.87.7

8.4

4.1.1.2. Panjang tabung panjang (l) = cm

No. M gula(gram)

V aquades

(ml)

C larutan(gr/ml)

Φ1

(o)Φ2

(o)Φ

(Φ2- Φ1)

Φ(rata-rata)

1 Aquades 50 04.13.854.7

176.5176.1176.2

172.4172.3171.5

172.4

2 1 50 0.023.29.97.9

8.2177.2178.7

5167.3170.8

114.4

3 2 50 0.04167.96.6

8.816.814.8

7.28.98.2

8.1

4 3 50 0.066.27.757.1

16.317.5517.7

10.19.810.6

10.2

4.1.2. Perhitungan

4.1.2.1. Panjang tabung pendek (l) = 10 cm

a. Aquades

Percobaan I

Φ1= 174 + (1x0.1)=174.1 o

Φ2= 4 + (3x0.1)=4.3o

Φ =Φ2- Φ1= (174.1o –4.3o)=169.8 o

Percobaan II

Φ1= 175 + (1.5x0.1)= 175.2o

Φ2= 4 + (2x0.1)=4.2. o

Φ = Φ2- Φ1= (175.2o –4.2o)=170.9o

Percobaan III

Φ1= 174 + (1x0.1)=174.1 o

Φ2= 2 + (0x0.1)=2o

Φ = Φ2- Φ1= (174.1o –2o)=172.1o

Φ (rata-rata ) =

= 169.8o+170.9o+172.1o

3

= 512.8o

3= 170.9o

b. Massa gula 1 gram

PercobaanI

Φ1=177+ (7x0.1)=177.7o

Φ2= 9 + (9x0.1)=9.9o

Φ = Φ2- Φ1= (177.7o –9.9o)=167.8o

Percobaan II

Φ1=178+ (2x0.1)=178.2o

Φ2= 6 + (2x0.1)=6.2o

Φ = Φ2- Φ1= (178.2o –6.2o)= 172o

Percobaan III

Φ1= 4+ (6x0.1)=4.6o

Φ2=179+ (2x0.1)=179.2o

Φ = Φ2- Φ1= (178.2o –6.2o)=174.6o

Φ (rata-rata ) =

= 167.8o+172o+174.6o

3

= 514.4o

3

= 171.5o

c. Massa gula 2gram

Percobaan I

Φ1=8+ (2x0.1)=8.2o

Φ2=179 + (0x0.1)=179o

Φ = Φ2- Φ1= (179o –8.2o)=170.8o

Percobaan II

Φ1=10+ (8.5x0.1)=10.9o

Φ2=178.5+ (5x0.1)=179o

Φ = Φ2- Φ1= (179o –8.2o)=168.2o

Percobaan III

Φ1=8.5+ (5.5x0.1)=9.05o

Φ2=179 + (1x0.1)=179. 1o

Φ = Φ2- Φ1= (179o –9.05o)=170.1o

Φ (rata-rata ) =

= 170.8o+168.2o+170.1o

3

= 509.1o

3

= 169.7o

d. Massa Gula 3gram

Percobaan I

Φ1=3+ (2x0.1)=3.2 o

Φ2=11+ (6.5x0.1)=11.65 o

Φ = Φ2- Φ1= (11.65o –3.2o)=8.5 o

Percobaan II

Φ1=3+ (3x0.1)=3.3o

Φ2=11.5+ (6x0.1)=13.1o

Φ = Φ2- Φ1= (12.1o –3.3o)=8.8o

Percobaan III

Φ1=3+ (1x0.1)=3.1o

Φ2=10.5+ (2.5x0.1)=10.75o

Φ = Φ2- Φ1= (10.75o –3.1o)=7.7o

Φ (rata-rata ) =

= 8.5o+8.8o+7.7o

3

= 25o

3

= 8.3o

4.1.2.2. Panjang tabung panjang (L) = cm

a. Aquades

Percobaan I

Ф1= 4 + (1 × 0.1 ) = 4.1°

Ф2= 176 + ( 5 × 0.1 ) = 176.5°

Ф = (Ф2 - Ф1 ) = (176.5° - 4.1° ) = 172.5°

Percobaan II

Ф1= 3 + ( 8.5 × 0.1 ) = 3.85°

Ф2= 176 + ( 1 × 0.1 ) = 176.1°

Ф= (Ф2 - Ф1 ¿ = ( 176.1° - 3.85° ) = 172.3°

Percobaan III

Ф1= 4 + ( 7 × 0.1 ) = 4.7°

Ф2= 176 + ( 1.5 × 0.1 ) =176.2°

Ф = (Ф2 - Ф1 ¿= (176.2° - 4.7°) = 172.5°

Maka :

Ф(rata –rata) ¿Ф1+Ф2+Ф3

3

¿ 172 .5 °+172.3 °+172.5 °3

¿ 5137 .33

= 172.4°.

a. Massa gula 1 gram

Percobaan I

Ф1 = 3 + ( 2 × 0.1 ) = 3.2°

Ф2= 8 + ( 2 × 0.1 ) = 8.2°

Ф= (Ф2−Ф1¿=(8 .2°−3 .2° )=5 °

Percobaan II

Ф1 = 9 + ( 8,5 × 0.1 ) = 9.9°

Ф2= 177 + ( 2 × 0.1 ) = 177.2°

Ф = (Ф2−Ф1 ) = ( 177.2° - 9.9° ) = 167.4°

Percobaan III

Ф1 = 7.5 + ( 4 × 0.1 ) = 7.9°

Ф2 = 178 + ( 7 × 0.1 ) = 178.7°

Ф = (Ф2−Ф1¿=(178.7 °−7 .9 ° ) = 170.8°


3

¿ 5°+167 .4 °+170 .8 °3

¿ 343.2 °3

= 114.4°

b. Massa gula 2 gram

Percobaan I

Ф1 = 15.5 + ( 5 × 0.1 ) = 16°

Ф2 = 8 + ( 8 × 0.1 ) = 8.8°

Ф = (Ф2−Ф1¿=(16°−8 .8°) = 7.2°

Percobaan II

Ф1= 7 + ( 9 × 0.1 ) = 7.9°

Ф2= 16 + ( 7.5 × 0.1 ) = 16.8°

Ф= (Ф2 - Ф1 ¿ = ( 16.8° - 7.9° ) = 8.9°

Percobaan III

Ф1 = 6 + ( 5.5 × 0.1 ) = 6.55°

Ф2 = 14.5 + ( 2.5 × 0.1 ) = 14.8°

Ф = (Ф2−Ф1¿=(14 .8°−6 .55 ° ) = 8.2°


3

¿ 7 .2 °+8 .9 °+8 .2°3

¿ 24 .3°3

= 8.1°

c. Massa gula 3 gram

Percobaan I

Ф1 = 6 + ( 2 × 0.1 ) = 6.2°

Ф2 = 16 + ( 3 × 0.1 ) = 16.3°

Ф = (Ф2−Ф1¿=(16 .3 °−6 .2 °) = 10.1°

Percobaan II

Ф1= 7 + ( 7,5 × 0.1 ) = 7.75°

Ф2= 17 + ( 5.5 × 0.1 ) = 17.55°

Ф= (Ф2 - Ф1 ¿ = ( 17.55° - 7.75° ) = 9.8°

Percobaan III

Ф1 = 6,5 + ( 6 × 0.1 ) = 7.1°

Ф2 = 17 + ( 7 × 0.1 ) = 17.7°

Ф = (Ф2−Ф1¿=(17 .7 °−7 .1 °) = 10.6°


3

¿ 10,1°+9,8 °+10,6 °3

¿ 30,5°3

= 10,2°

4.1.3. Teori Ralat

4.1.2.3. Panjang tabung pendek (l) = 10 cm

a. Aquades

No. Φ(rata-rata) (o) (o) (o)

1 169.8

170.9

|169.8-170.9|=1.1 1.222 170.9 |170.9-170.9|=0 0

3 172.1 |172.1-170.9|=1.2 1.44

Σ =2.66

RM =√ Σn−1

= √ 2.662

= √1.33

= 1.15

RN = RM❑ X100 %

= 1.15

170.9X 100 %

= 7 %

±RM =( 170.9±1.15 )o

Ketelitian = 100% - 7%= 93%

b. Massa gula 1gram

No.Φ

(rata-rata) (o)(o) (o)

1 167.8

171.5

|167.8-171.5|=3.7 13.69

2 172 |172-171.5|=0.5 0.25

3 174.6 |174.6-171.5|=3.1 9.61

Σ =23.55

RM =√ Σn−1

= √ 23.552

= √11.775

= 3.43

RN = RM❑ X100 %

= 3.43

174.5X 100 %

= 2%

±RM =( 171.5±3.43 )o

Ketelitian = 100% - 2%=98 %

c. Massa gula 2gram

No.Φ


1 170.8

169.7

|170.8-169.7|=1.1 1.21

2 168.2 |168.2-169.7|=1.5 2.25

3 170.1 |170.1-169.7|=0.4 0.16

Σ =3.62

RM =√ Σn−1

= √ 3.622

= √1.81

= 1.345

RN = RM❑ X100 %

= 1.345169.7

X 100 %

= 0.8%

±RM =(169.7 ±1.345 )o

Ketelitian = 100% -0.8 %=99.2 %

d. Massa gula 3gram

No.Φ


1 8.6

8.4

|8.6-8.4|=0.2 0.04

2 8.8 |8.8-8.4|=0.4 0.16

3 7.7 |7.7-8.4|=0.7 0.49

Σ =0.69

RM =√ Σn−1

= √ 0.692

= √0.345

= 5.87 x10-1

RN = RM❑ X100 %

= 0.5878.4

X100 %

= 6.99% =7%

±RM =( 8.4±0.587 )o

Ketelitian = 100% - 7%=93 %

4.1.3.2. Panjang tabung panjang (l) = cm

a. Aquades

No.Φ


1 172.4

172.4

|172.4-172.4|=0 0

2 172.3 |172.3-172.4|=0.1 0.1

3 171.5 |171.5-172.4|=0.9 0.81

Σ =0.82

RM =√ Σn−1

= √ 0.822

= √0.41

= 0.64

RN = RM❑ X100 %

= 0.64

172.4X100 %

= 0.4%

±RM = (172.4 ± 0.64)o

Ketelitian = 100% - 0.4%= 99.6%

b. gula 1gram

c. gula 2gram

d. gula 3gram

bab 3 polarimeter

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