bab i pendahuluanmotorbakar.ub.ac.id/.../uploads/...semester-ganjil.pdf · praktikum motor bakar...

63
PRAKTIKUM MOTOR BAKAR KELOMPOK XX | 1 LABORATORIUM MOTOR BAKAR FT - UB SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AKADEMIK 2020/2021 BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... 1.2 Tujuan Praktikum .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................................

Upload: others

Post on 24-Oct-2020

1 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

  • PRAKTIKUM MOTOR BAKAR KELOMPOK XX | 1

    LABORATORIUM MOTOR BAKAR FT - UB SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AKADEMIK 2020/2021

    BAB I

    PENDAHULUAN

    1.1 Latar Belakang

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    1.2 Tujuan Praktikum

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

  • 2 | PRAKTIKUM MOTOR BAKAR KELOMPOK XX

    LABORATORIUM MOTOR BAKAR FT - UB SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AKADEMIK 2020/2021

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

  • PRAKTIKUM MOTOR BAKAR KELOMPOK XX | 3

    LABORATORIUM MOTOR BAKAR FT - UB SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AKADEMIK 2020/2021

    BAB II

    TINJAUAN PUSTAKA

    2.1 Pengertian Pembakaran

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    2.2 Pengertian Motor Bakar

    .............................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

  • 4 | PRAKTIKUM MOTOR BAKAR KELOMPOK XX

    LABORATORIUM MOTOR BAKAR FT - UB SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AKADEMIK 2020/2021

    2.2.1 External Combustion Engine

    .......................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    2.2.2 Internal Combustion Engine

    .......................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    2.3 Prinsip Kerja Motor Bakar Torak

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

  • PRAKTIKUM MOTOR BAKAR KELOMPOK XX | 5

    LABORATORIUM MOTOR BAKAR FT - UB SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AKADEMIK 2020/2021

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    2.3.1 Prinsip Kerja Motor Bakar Torak Berdasarkan Langkah Kerja

    2.3.1.1 Motor Bakar Torak 2 Langkah

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

  • 6 | PRAKTIKUM MOTOR BAKAR KELOMPOK XX

    LABORATORIUM MOTOR BAKAR FT - UB SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AKADEMIK 2020/2021

    2.3.1.2 Motor Bakar Torak 4 Langkah

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    2.3.2 Prinsip Kerja Motor Bakar Torak Berdasarkan Sistem Penyalaan

    2.3.2.1 Motor Bakar Diesel (Compression Ignition Engine)

    2.3.2.1.1 Pengertian

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

  • PRAKTIKUM MOTOR BAKAR KELOMPOK XX | 7

    LABORATORIUM MOTOR BAKAR FT - UB SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AKADEMIK 2020/2021

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    2.3.2.1.2 Siklus Termodinamika

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

  • 8 | PRAKTIKUM MOTOR BAKAR KELOMPOK XX

    LABORATORIUM MOTOR BAKAR FT - UB SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AKADEMIK 2020/2021

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    2.3.2.1.3 Rasio Kompresi

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    2.3.2.2 Motor Bakar Bensin (Spark Ignition Engine)

  • PRAKTIKUM MOTOR BAKAR KELOMPOK XX | 9

    LABORATORIUM MOTOR BAKAR FT - UB SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AKADEMIK 2020/2021

    2.3.2.2.1 Pengertian

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    2.3.2.2.2 Siklus Termodinamika

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

  • 10 | PRAKTIKUM MOTOR BAKAR KELOMPOK XX

    LABORATORIUM MOTOR BAKAR FT - UB SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AKADEMIK 2020/2021

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    2.3.2.2.3 Rasio Kompresi

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

  • PRAKTIKUM MOTOR BAKAR KELOMPOK XX | 11

    LABORATORIUM MOTOR BAKAR FT - UB SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AKADEMIK 2020/2021

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    2.3.2.3 Siklus Trinkler

    2.3.2.3.1 Pengertian

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    2.3.2.3.2 Siklus Termodinamika

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

  • 12 | PRAKTIKUM MOTOR BAKAR KELOMPOK XX

    LABORATORIUM MOTOR BAKAR FT - UB SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AKADEMIK 2020/2021

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    2.4 Karakteristik Bahan Bakar

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

  • PRAKTIKUM MOTOR BAKAR KELOMPOK XX | 13

    LABORATORIUM MOTOR BAKAR FT - UB SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AKADEMIK 2020/2021

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    2.4.1 Flammability

    ........................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    2.4.1.1 Flash Point

    ........................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    2.4.1.2 Fire Point

  • 14 | PRAKTIKUM MOTOR BAKAR KELOMPOK XX

    LABORATORIUM MOTOR BAKAR FT - UB SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AKADEMIK 2020/2021

    .......................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    2.4.1.3 Auto-Ignition Point

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    2.4.2 Viskositas

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

  • PRAKTIKUM MOTOR BAKAR KELOMPOK XX | 15

    LABORATORIUM MOTOR BAKAR FT - UB SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AKADEMIK 2020/2021

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    2.4.3 Densitas

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

  • 16 | PRAKTIKUM MOTOR BAKAR KELOMPOK XX

    LABORATORIUM MOTOR BAKAR FT - UB SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AKADEMIK 2020/2021

    2.4.4 Nilai Kalor

    2.4.4.1 High Heating Value (HHV)

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    2.4.4.2 Low Heating Value (LHV)

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

  • PRAKTIKUM MOTOR BAKAR KELOMPOK XX | 17

    LABORATORIUM MOTOR BAKAR FT - UB SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AKADEMIK 2020/2021

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    2.4.5 Octane Number

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

  • 18 | PRAKTIKUM MOTOR BAKAR KELOMPOK XX

    LABORATORIUM MOTOR BAKAR FT - UB SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AKADEMIK 2020/2021

    2.4.6 Cetane Number

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    2.5 Karakteristik Kinerja Motor Bakar

    2.5.1 Indikator Kinerja Motor Bakar

    2.5.1.1 Torsi

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

  • PRAKTIKUM MOTOR BAKAR KELOMPOK XX | 19

    LABORATORIUM MOTOR BAKAR FT - UB SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AKADEMIK 2020/2021

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    2.5.1.2 Daya Indikatif

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

  • 20 | PRAKTIKUM MOTOR BAKAR KELOMPOK XX

    LABORATORIUM MOTOR BAKAR FT - UB SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AKADEMIK 2020/2021

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    2.5.1.3 Daya Efektif

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    2.5.1.4 Daya Mekanis

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

  • PRAKTIKUM MOTOR BAKAR KELOMPOK XX | 21

    LABORATORIUM MOTOR BAKAR FT - UB SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AKADEMIK 2020/2021

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    2.5.1.5 Mean Effective Pressure

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

    ....................................................................................................................................

  • 22 | PRAKTIKUM MOTOR BAKAR KELOMPOK XX

    LABORATORIUM MOTOR BAKAR FT - UB SEMESTER GANJIL TAHUN AKADEMIK 2020/2021

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    2.5.1.6 Specific Fuel Consumption

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    ...................................................................................................................................

    .........................................