bactérias promotoras de crescimento de plantas · plantas. instituto agronômico 1984, 48p. •...
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Bactérias Promotoras de Crescimento de Plantas
Prof. Everlon Cid Rigobelo
Universidade Estadual Paulista
Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias
Campus de Jaboticabal
Departamento de Produção Vegetal
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Apresentação
• Desafios da Agricultura
• Adubação Química
• Bactérias Promotoras de Crescimento de Plantas
- Benefícios BPCP
• Micro-organismos e culturas
• Formas de promoção de crescimento
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Apresentação
• Imobilização microbiana
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Desafios da Agricultura Brasileira
• Produtividade
• Menor custo de produção
• Menor impacto ambiental
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Vantagens - Adubação Química
• Aumento da Produtividade
• Diminuição do custo por unidade
• Volume de produção
– Commodities
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Adubação Química
http//pt.slidesshare.net
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Problemas - Adubação Química
• Salinização dos solos
• Lixiviação de nutrientes
• Volatilização
• Eutrofização das águas
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Salinização dos Solos
http//mallmanworldpress.com
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Lixiviação de Nutrientes
http//mallmanworldpress.com
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Volatilização de Nutrientes
http//honeywell.com
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Eutrofização das Águas
http//honeywell.com
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Desertificação
http//clickpb.com
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Bactérias Promotoras de
Crescimento de Plantas -BPCP
• Micro-organismos com habilidades
– Promover aumento da matéria seca vegetal
• Causar benefícios às plantas
• Aumentando a produção
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Benefícios para as Plantas
http//clickpb.com
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Melhor para a Planta
Melhor para o micro-organismo
http//clickpb.com
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Micro-organismos patogênicos?
http//urbancasual.com
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Benefícios do uso e BPCP
• Aumento da clorofila na área foliar
• Atraso da senescência
• Crescimento das raízes
• Absorção de nutrientes
Pérez-Montaño, 2014https:indiamart.com
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Benefícios do uso e BPCP
• Tolerância ao estresses abiótico
• Biocontrole de patógenos
• Aumento da massa seca e altura
– Raízes e caule
https:indiamart.com
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Pérez-Montaño, 2014
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BPCP
• Fixadoras de N
• Bacillus
• Azospirillum
• Azoarcus
• Azotobacter
• Bacillus polymixia
• Burkholderia
• Gluconoacetobacter
• Herbaspirillum
• Solubilizadora de P
• Azospirillum
• Bacillus
• Burkholderia
• Erwinia
• Pseudomonas
• Rhizobium
• Serratia
https:ptdreamstime.com
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Algumas BPCP
Burkholderiacepacia
Azospirillum Bacillusmegaterium
Bacilluspolymixia
Herbaspirillum Azotobacter
https:cqc.com.br
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Micro-organismos – Culturas
Milho e Arroz
Pérez-Montaño, 2014
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Micro-organismos – Culturas
Trigo
Pérez-Montaño, 2014
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Micro-organismos – Culturas
Soja
Pérez-Montaño, 2014
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Drogue et al., 2012
“Faz-se necessário entender como as raízes de
plantas selecionam os micro-organismos para formar
as comunidades microbianas da rizosfera”
“Para se garantir o estabelecimento dessas
comunidades microbianas no solo interagindo como
a planta”
https:ptdreamstime.com
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Formas de promoção do crescimento
• Biofertilização
– Melhoram a captação de nutriente pela planta
• Rizorremediação e controle do estresse
– Remoção e degradação de poluentes
– Enzima ACC diaminase – diminui o etileno
https:ptdreamstime.com
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Formas de promoção do crescimento
• Fitoestimulação
– Fitohormônios AIA, citocininas
– Giberelinas e auxinas
– COVs altera morfogêneses da raiz
– Melhora a captação de mineral
– Exsudação
– COVs componentes orgânico volátil como 2,3 butanediol, acetoína,
– Terpenes, jasmonates.https:ptdreamstime.com
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Formas de promoção do crescimento
• Biocontrole de patógenos
– Benefícios indireto
– Prejudicando o patógeno favorece o hospedeiro
https:ptdreamstime.com
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Biocontrole
• Antagonismo – inibição do patógeno
– Antibióticos
– Toxinas
– Moléculas biossurfactantes
– Competição por nutrientes
– Sítios de colonização
https:ptdreamstime.com
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Biocontrole
• Indução do Sistema Resposta
– Desencadeado por moléculas indutoras
– Dependente do etileno e ácido jasmonico (sinal)
– Modulação das propriedades físicas e
bioquímicas das plantas
https:ptdreamstime.com
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Biocontrole
• Competição por ferro
– Aerobiose – Fe2+ oxidado para Fe3+ (insolúvel)
– Sideróforos formam complexo com Fe3+ (insolúvel)
– Membrana do micro-organismo Fe3+ reduzido para
Fe2+ e entra na célula
– Patógeno não capta Fe2+
https:ptdreamstime.com
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https:crq4.org.com
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Interferência no sistema Quorum
Sensing
• QS
– Regulação da expressão gênica em resposta as
mudanças na densidade populacional.
– Mediada por sinais moleculares como AHL
– AHL – Acil homoserina lactose
https:ptdreamstime.com
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Quorum sensing
• Controla/ativa
– Síntese de fatores de virulência
– Formação de biofilme
– Produção de exopolissacarídeos e toxinas
– Transferência de plasmídeos e motilidade
https:ptdreamstime.com
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https:crq4.org.com
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Interferência no sistema Quorum
Sensing
• BPGP
– Produzem enzimas acilase ou lactonase
– Essas enzimas degradam o AHLs
– Evitando o surgimento de fatores de virulências
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https:crq4.org.com
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https:microkinlk.com
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Chauhan, 2015
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https:microkinlk.com
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https:microkinlk.com
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Bactérias Solubilizadoras de P
Rodrigues, 1999
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Enzimas sintetizadas pelas
solubilizadoras
Rodrigues, 1999
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Mecanismos de ação das BPCP
Pérez-Montaño, 2014
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Bactérias produtoras de
fitohormônios
Pérez-Montaño, 2014
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Pérez-Montaño, 2014
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Bactérias usadas no controle de
doenças
Pérez-Montaño, 2014
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Produtos comerciais biológicos
Pérez-Montaño, 2014
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Imobilização
• Proteção do micro-organismos
• Liberação gradual
• Tempo de mudança no meio
• Fonte de nutrientes na fórmula
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Imobilização
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Imobilização
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Imobilização
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Imobilização
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Estufa de Circulação
de ar
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Bactérias Imobilizadas
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Produtos
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Conclusão
• As bactérias mais utilizada como BPCP são dos gêneros
Azospirillum, Bacillus e Pseudomonas e de fungo o gênero Glomus.
• Os melhores resultados em crescimento de plantas são alcançados com
a bactéria, planta e condições ambientais CORRETAS.
• Os ESFORÇOS devem ser feitos para se desenvolver inoculantes que
permitam a maior PERSISTÊNCIA desses microorganismos no
ambiente.
• Isso permitiria uma diminuição da quantidade de fertilizantes químicos
e inseticidas usados para melhorar a fertilidade do solo e a
produtividade.
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O papel dos infinitamente pequenos é
infinitamente grande
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Bactérias Promotoras de
Crescimento de Plantas
A microbiologia promovendo a
produção vegetal
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