bahan kuliah 2-1 kimal

8/16/2019 Bahan Kuliah 2-1 KIMAL

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KIMIA ANALISA INSTRUMEN


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DESTILASI

• Destilasi/penyulingan: pemisahanberdasarkan titik didih

• Mekanisme kerja destilasi: – Pemanasan: uap

– Pengembunan: cairan


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Destilatr


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Syarat Mendidih

• Perbedaan tekanan atms!erik "tekanan uap: syarat mendidih

Vapor Pressure, P

Atmospheric pressure, Patm


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Syarat Mendidih

• Energi : Tekanan uap # Tekanan atms!er : mendidih

P < Patm P ≥ Patm


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$ndensasi


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Diagram Titik Didih

• Destilasi dipengaruhileh – Titik didih kmpnen

yang akan dipisahkan

– $nsentrasi kmpnen

• Dew point : suhu uap jenuh mulaikndensasi

• Buble point : suhucairan mulai mendidih


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%raksinasi Destilasi


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• Perbedaan titik didih #&'()' *


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Vapor

line

Liquid

line

T e m p e r a t u r e ° C

110

90

80

100

ole ! Toluene

ole ! "en#ene0

100

$0

80

%0

&0

&0

%0

80

$0

100

0

Composition 'mole!(

Vapors )rom the

*istillin+ )las

As the hot vapors leave the distilling flask,they condense on the first cold surface, completing

one vaporization-condensation cycle.

-uppose .e distill the same 80/$0 miture o) toluene

to en#ene .e did in the simple distillation eample

+P tluen , --'.*+P +en0ena , 1'.- *


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Vapor

line

Liquid

line


110

90

80

100

ole ! Toluene

ole ! "en#ene0

100

$0

80

%0

&0

&0

%0

80

$0

100

0

Composition 'mole!(

Vapors )rom the

*istillin+ )las

This surface begins to heat from the condensed vapors

which are now !" toluene-benzene

This benzene enriched li#uid now has a boiling point of

$%" &' (lower than the incoming vapors) and it begins to boil

off this higher surface

Distillation – Fractional


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Vapor

line

Liquid

line


110

90

80

100

ole ! Toluene

ole ! "en#ene0

100

$0

80

%0

&0

&0

%0

80

$0

100

0

Composition 'mole!(

Vapors )rom the

*istillin+ )las

These vapors are even further enriched in benzene (now

*+!+, toluene!benzene) and condense on the net cold

surface



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Vapor

line

Liquid

line


110

90

80

100

ole ! Toluene

ole ! "en#ene0

100

$0

80

%0

&0

&0

%0

80

$0

100

0

Composition 'mole!(

Vapors )rom the

*istillin+ )las

This condensed li#uid has an even lower boiling point

(/ o') and as this surface heats it begins to boil off this

net higher surface



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Vapor

line

Liquid

line


110

90

80

100

ole ! Toluene

ole ! "en#ene0

100

$0

80

%0

&0

&0

%0

80

$0

100

0

Composition 'mole!(

Vapors )rom the

*istillin+ )las

This vapor now condenses on the net cold surface (now

0+!+, toluene!benzene) and the cycle continues



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Vapor

line

Liquid line


110

90

80

100

ole ! Toluene

ole ! "en#ene0

100

$0

80

%0

&0

&0

%0

80

$0

100

0

Composition 'mole!(

Vapors )rom the

*istillin+ )las80/$0 toluene2en#ene

This cycle will continue until the top of the column is reached

The li#uid collected after seven cycles is now %%1 benzene2

1/99 toluene/en#ene



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Vapor

line

Liquid line


110

90

80

100

ole ! Toluene

ole ! "en#ene0

100

$0

80

%0

&0

&0

%0

80

$0

100

0

Composition 'mole!(

Vapors )rom the

*istillin+ )las80/$0 toluene2en#ene

3ach vapor-condensation (or mini-distillation) cycle isknown as one theoretical plate

The length of distillation column re#uired to provide one

theoretical plate of separation is known as the height

equivalent theoretical plate (HETP)

1/99 toluene/en#ene



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Aplikasi Destilasi

• Aplikasi destilasi: – Labratrium : rtari e2apratr

– Penyulingan


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3tari E2apratr


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3tari E2apratr

• Si!at – 3tasi : meningkatkan luas permukaan

– 4akum: suhu untuk mendidihkan lebih

rendah


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Aplikasi Destilasi


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Aplikasi Destilasi

5 i P


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5enis Pemanas


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Aplikasi Destilasi


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Destilasi 4akum


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Destilasi 4akum


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TITRASI

• Analisa kimia sederhana – Titrasi

– Spektr!tmetri

• $elebihan: menggunakan teknlgisederhana

• $ekurangan: penggunaan bahan kimia terlalubanyak. memerlukan jumlah sampel banyak


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TITRASI

• +ahan Pangan – Tingkat keasaman 6p78

– 4itamin *

– Asam asam lemak

– 9ilai perksida

• Titran diteteskan secara gradual kedalam erlenmeyer yang berisisampel


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Indikatr

3ndicator p4 5an+e Acid "ase

Thymol 4lue 5.0-0. red yellow

Thymol blue .+-%./ yellow blue

6ethyl yellow 0.%-".+ red yellow

6ethyl orange *.5-"." red orange4romcresol green ".+-./ yellow blue

6ethyl red "."-/.0 red yellow

4romcresol purple .0-/. yellow purple

4romothymol 4lue /.0-. yellow blue

7henol red /."-.+ yellow red

'resol purple ./-%.0 yellow purple

7henolphthalein .+-5+.+ colorless red

Thymolphthalein %."-5+./ colorless blue

Alizarin yellow 88 5+.+-50.+ colorless yellow

TITRASI


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TITRASI

• titik eui2alen atau eui2alent pint

• Perubahan ;arna

• p7 berubah drastis


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TITRASI

• +uret dan sampel yang akandianalisa


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TITRASI

• Penambahan titran dihentikansetelah terjadi perubahan ;arnatetap 6dari tak ber;arna menjadi

ber;arna8

TITRASI


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TITRASI

• Setelah seluruh vitamin C teroksidasi

sempurna, iodin bebas akan berinteraksi

dengan pati menghasilkan komplek berwarna biru-hitam

bahan kuliah 2-1 kimal

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