bahu daivam layout vishvasam... · 2020. 4. 5. · malayalam l study l bahudaivaviswasam : ulpathi...

$: BAHU DAIVAM layout Vishvasam... · 2020. 4. 5. · Malayalam l Study l Bahudaivaviswasam : Ulpathi Charithram Prathifalanam _lpssZhhnizmkw: D¬]Øn, Ncn{Xw, {]Xnê\w Author : Salish$
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_lpssZhhnizmkw D¬]Øn, Ncn{Xw, {]Xnê\w

_lpssZhhnizmkwD¬]Øn, Ncn{Xw, {]Xnê\w

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DA’WA BOOKSP.B No: 1981, Vyttila, Cochin- 19

_lpssZhhnizmkwD¬]Øn, Ncn{Xw, {]Xn^e\w

kmenjv hmSm\∏≈n

6


Publisher l DistributionDa’wa Books l Vyttila l Kochi - 19 l Kerala l India

Web: www.dawabooks.in l Email: [email protected]: Irshad l Type Setting: Ashir Shajahan l D. T. P : Anwar

Printing : Print Express, KaloorISBN: 978-93-82581-26-0

DA’WA BOOKS

All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or utilised in any form orby any means without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Malayalam l Study l Bahudaivaviswasam: Ulpathi Charithram Prathifalanam_lpssZhhnizmkw: D¬]Øn, Ncn{Xw, {]Xn^e\w

Author : Salish Vadanappally First Edition : April 2017

Price: ` 90

7


A¥mcmjv{S \nehmcØn¬ aebmf ]pkvXIßƒ

]pdØnd-°pIbpw {]k‡amb hnhn[ `mjm{KŸßƒ aebm-

fØnte-°v samgnam‰w \SØn {]kn≤oIcn°pIbpw A¥mcmjv{S

kaq-lØn\v ]cnNbs∏SptØ≠ aebmf auenI IrXnIƒ a‰p

`mjIfnte°v ]cn`mjs∏SpØn {]kn≤oI-cn°pIbpw sNøpI-

sb∂ e£ytØmsS XpS°w Ipdn® "ZAvhm _pIvkv' {it≤b-

hpw hyXncn‡hpamb ]pkvXIßƒ ]pdØnd°ns°m≠v CXn-

\Iw Xs∂ ]pkvXI {]km[\ cwKØv ÿnc{]XnjvT t\Sn-

°gn™n´p≠v, ¬q∏d ~ª◊G.

hnip≤ Jp¿B\pw Xncpkp∂ØpamIp∂ Ckvemans‚ ASn-

ÿm\ {]amWßsf, {]hmNIs‚ () {]tXyIamb AwKoImcw-

e`n® BZna Xeapd°m¿ a\ nem°nbXpt]mse a\ nem-

°Wsa∂ Alvepkp∂Øn h¬ PamAØns‚ coXnimkv{X-

Øn¬ {KŸcN\ \SØnbn´p≈ ]finX≥amcpsS ]pkvXI-

ßfmWv {][m\ambpw ZAvh _pIvkv ]pdØnd°p∂Xv. {KŸ-

I¿Øm°fpsS kz¥amb A`n{]mbßfnte°v £Wn°pIb-

√, {]amW_≤ambn Imcyßsf hnebncpØpIbpw a\ nem-

°pIbpw sNøp∂Xnte°v \bn°pIbmWv CØcw {KŸßƒ

]pdØnd°ptºmƒ "ZAvh _pIvkv' Dt±in°p∂Xv. {KŸI¿-

Øm°fpsS kz¥amb A`n{]mbßƒ ZAvhm _pIvkns‚ A`n-

{]m-b-ß-f-s√-∂¿∞w.

GIssZhhnizmkw a\pjys‚ ss\k¿KnI t_m[Øn¬

Du´s∏´XmWv, _lpssZhhnizmkamIs´ B ss\k¿KnI

t_m[Øn¬ \n∂p≈ hyXnbm\hpw. acWm\¥ctam£w am-

{Xa√ sFlnI PohnXØnse sFizcyhpw _lpssZhhnizw

a\pjy\n¬ \n∂pw Ih¿s∂Sp°p∂p. _lpssZhhnizmkØn-

s‚ D¬]Ønbpw Ncn{Xhpw {]Xn^e\ßfpw ]T\hnt[bam-

°p∂ {KŸw. kmenjv hmSm\∏≈nbmWv {KŸImc≥

\mYm. . . . \o CsXmcp {]Xn-̂ -em¿l-amb {]h¿Ø-\-ambn

kzoI-cn-t°-Wta (Bao≥)

amt\-P¿

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9


D≈S°w

hmb\ ChnsS \n∂pw ........................................................... 11

_lpssZhhnizmkw \mK-cn-I-X-I-fnepw

kw-kv-Ir-Xn-I-fnepw ................................................................. 14

BZnbnse ssZhhnizmkw- ................................................... 30

F¥mWv _lpssZhhnizmkw ............................................. 37

_lpssZhhnizmkØns‚ {]Xn^e\ßƒ ........................44

F¥psIm≠v GIssZhhnizmkw ........................................77

hmb\ ChnsS \n∂pw

""\nßƒs°¥p]‰n ? A√mlphn\v Hcp Kmwòcyhpw \nßƒ

{]Xo£n°p∂nt√ ?'' kwip≤amb GIssZhhnizmkØnte-

°p≈ Xs‚ £WsØ ]mtS X≈n°f™ kzP\Øns\Xn-sc,

am\hkaqlØnte°v \nbp‡\mb {]Ya ssZhZqX≥ \qlv

(A) \SØnb, ZpxJ`mcw XfwsIńb ]cnthZ\amWv hnip≤

Izp¿B≥ kqdØp∂qlnse ]Xnaq∂masØ kq‡ØneqsS

hc®pImWn°p∂Xv. _lpssZhXzw lrZbØn¬ IpSnbncpØn-

b Xs‚ P\XtbmSv "A√mlphn\v Hcp Kmwòcyhpw \nßƒ {]-

Xo£n°p∂nt√ ?'F∂ At±lØns‚ tNmZyw hnc¬ Nq≠p∂

Hcp bmYm¿∞yap≠v. ssZhKmwòcysØ lrZbßfn¬ Dƒs°m-

≈phm≥ _lpssZhhnizmkw kzoIcn® P\hn`mKßƒ°p km-

[ya√ F∂XmWXv. Cu hkvXpX hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ ]eÿe-

ßfnepw FSpØp]dbp∂p≠v.

""A√mlpsh IW°mt°≠ apd{]Imcw Ah¿ IW°m-

°nbnń√. Xo¿®bmbpw A√mlp i‡\pw {]Xm]nbpw Xs∂-

bmIp∂p.'' (22 : 74)

""A√mlpsh IW°mt°≠ \nebn¬ Ah¿ IW°m°n-

bnń√. Dbn¿sØgpt∂¬]ns‚ \mfn¬ `qan apgph≥ Ahs‚

Hcp ]nSnbn¬ HXpßp∂Xmbncn°pw. BImißƒ Ahs‚ he-

Xp ssIøn¬ Npcpń ]nSn°s∏´hbpambncn°pw. Ahs\{X ]cn-

12


ip≤≥! Ah¿ ]¶ptN¿°p∂Xns\√mw Ah≥ AXoX\mbncn-

°p∂p''. (39 : 67)

CXn\p]pdsa ]e kq‡ßfnepw hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ Cu

]cma¿ißƒ Bh¿Øn°p∂p≠v. ssZht_m[\ßfn¬ \n∂-

I∂v _lpssZhXzw kzoIcn°pIbpw, tZtlOIƒ°Sns∏´v

B-flhnip≤nbpsS hgnbnSßfn¬ \n∂pw sX∂namdn PohnXw

\bn-°pIbpw sNbvX _lpssZhhnizmknIsf ]‰nbmWhnS-

ßfn-sems° "A√mlpsh IW°mt°≠ apd{]Imcw Ah¿

IW-°m°nbnń√' F∂mt£]n®Xv. a\pjy¿ Ft∏mƒ

GIssZhhn-izmkØn¬\n∂pw, GIssZhmcm[\bn¬ \n∂pw

hyXnNen°p-∂pthm At∏mƒ {kjvSmhpw kwc£I\pamb ssZ-

hØns‚ Kmwòcyw Ah¿°v A\yamIp∂p. Ahs\ Dƒs°m-

t≈≠ cq]-Ønepw IW°mt°≠ apd{]Imchpw Ah¿°v Dƒ-

s°m≈phm-t\m IW°m°phmt\m km[ya√mXmIp∂p.

ssZhhnizmkØns‚ D¬]Ønbpw ]cnWmahpw At\zjn-

®v \chwi Ncn{Xw ]Tn°p∂ GsXmcmƒ°pw Is≠Øm≥ Ign-

bp∂ hkvXpXbmWv, am\hNcn{XØn¬ G‰hpw kmwkvImcnI

Hu∂nXyw ssIhcn® P\hn`mKßƒ GIssZhhnizmkØns‚

ASnØdbn¬ hm¿sØSp°s∏´hcmbncps∂∂Xv. Ft∏mƒ hn-

izmkcwKØv _lpssZhXzw ÿm\apd∏n°p∂pthm At∏mgm-

Wv a\pjyNcn{Xw G‰hpw {]mIrXapJw kzoIcn®n´p≈Xv. G‰-

hpw {]mIrXhpw tæOhpamb Bcm[\mcoXnIfpw k{ºZmbß-

fpw F∂pw \ne\n∂ncp∂Xv _lpssZhhnizmkØns‚ aSnØ-

ń¬ hf¿∂ph∂ P\hn`mKßfnembncp∂p F∂Xv \ntj[n°p-

hm≥ aXßfpsS D¬]Ønbpw ]cnWmahpw ]T\hnt[bam°p-

∂ Hcmƒ°pw km[ya√. enwK-˛tbm\o]qPIfpw arKmcm-[-\-I-

fpw, a\pjy_enbpw, tZhZmko k{ºZmbßƒ t]m-se-bp≈

tæO-hrØnIfpw, kXok{ºZmbw t]mep≈ lo\amb BNm-

cß-fpw, DO\oNXzßfpw, sXm´pIqSmbvabpw, Xo-≠n-°q-Sm-bv-a-

bpw XpSßn kIe {]mIrXPohnXcoXnIfpw \ne\n-∂ncp∂Xv

_lp-ssZhXzw hnizmkcwKßƒ IøS°nb kaql-ß-fn-em-bn-

cp∂p F∂ hkvXpXsb B¿°mWv \ntj[n°phm≥ km[n-

°pI ? kwip≤amb GIssZhhnizmkØns‚ ASnØd-bn¬

13


cq]wsIm-≠ Hcp kaqlØnepw AØcØnep≈ Hcp {]m-

IrXk{ºZmb-ßfpw \ne\n∂ncp∂Xmbn \chwiNcn{Xw ]Tn-

°p∂ Hcmƒ-°pw hniZoIcn°m\mIn√. F∂m¬ _lpssZhhn-

izmkØns‚ Ncn{XaX√; {]mIrXhpw hnIrXhpw tæOhpamb

k{ºZmbß-fpw Bcm[\mcoXnIfpw PohnXNcyIfpw ssZhhn-

izmkØns‚ t]cn¬ am\hNcn{XØn¬ Ft∏msg√mw \ne\n-

∂n´pt≠m A-sX√mw Xs∂ _lpssZhXzØns‚ aSnØ´n¬

hf¿∂ph∂Xm-Wv. {]mNo\ CuPn]vXnsebpw {Koknsebpw ̀ mc-

XØnsebpw kvs]bn\nsebpw C‰enbnsebpw Akodnbbnse-

bpw kvIm≥-Unt\hnbbnsebpw XpSßn as‰√m {]mNo\amb

\mKcnIXIfn-epw kwkvIrXnIfnepw \ne\n∂ {]mIrXhpw

hnIrXhpamb ssZhhnizmkN-cn{Xw _lpssZhXzØns‚

kz¥w kw-`mh\IfmWv.

14


_lpssZhhnizmkw\mK-cn-I-X-I-fnepw kw-kv-Ir-Xn-I-fnepw

\chwiNcn{XØn¬ _lpssZhXzw kw`mh\ \¬Inb

"ss]XrI'ßsf samØw ssZhhnizmkNcn{Xambn ]cnN-b-s∏-

Sp-ØpIbmWv, ssZhhnizmkØns‚ D¬]Ønsbbpw ]cnWma-

sØbpw]‰n "Ncn{X]T\w' \SØp∂ ̀ uXnIhmZnIƒ ]et∏mgpw

sNømdp≈Xv. ssZhhnizmkhpw aXhnizmkhpamWv am\hnIX-

bpsS ]ptcmKXn°v ap∂nse IodmapńIƒ F∂v A‘ambn hn-

izkn°p∂ ùXnIhmZnIƒ°v ]t£ ip≤amb GIssZhhn-

izmkw am\hnIXsb sshIrXßfnte°v hgn\SØnbXns‚

sXfnhpIƒ ka¿∞n°phm≥ IgnbmsX hcptºmgp≈ ImXS®p-

s≈mcpshSn am{XamWo "Ncn{X]T\w'. _lpssZhhnizmkw

a\pjykaqlßfnte°v hen®ng®psIm≠ph∂ Po¿WXIsf

samØw ssZhhnizmkØns‚ ]‰n¬ tN¿ØpsIm≠v GIssZ-

hhnizmksØbpw Iq´Øn¬ {]Xn∏ńIbnsegpXphm\p≈ Ip-

Sne_p≤nbmWXv. ssZhhnizmkØns‚ t]cn¬ a\pjysc {]m-

IrXhpw sshIrXhpamb Bcm[\, A\pjvTm\, PohnXcoXnI-

fnte°v X≈nhn´Xns‚ ]q¿Wamb ]¶v _lpssZhhnizmkØn-

\v am{XamWv. Hmtcm \mKcnIXIfnepw kwkvIrXnIfnepw ssZ-

hhnizmkcwKØv \ne\n∂ncp∂ sshIrXßsf \mw ]T\hn-

15


t[bam°nbm¬ B Ncn{XbmYm¿∞yw \ap°v {Kln°phms\fp-

∏ambncn°pw.

enwKmcm[\

{]mNo\amb H´pan° kwkvImcßfnepw \ne\n∂ncp∂ Hcp

Bcm[\m k{ºZmbambncp∂p enwKmcm[\. {]mNo\ CuPn-

]vXnepw ̀ mcXØnepw {Koknepsa√mw Cu k{ºZmbw \ne\n∂n-

cp∂p. ]ecpw sX‰n≤cn®Xpt]mse enwKmcm[\ B¿j`mcX

kwkvImcØns‚ am{Xw khntijXbmbncp∂n√. ssewKnImh-

bhßƒ°v ZnhyXzw I¬]n®psIm≠v Bcm[n®pt]mcp∂ k{º-

Zmbw {]mNo\Imew apXte hyXykvX kwkvImcßfn¬ \ne\n-

∂ncp∂p. ̀ mcXØnse "inh≥', CuPn]vXnse "shw', Akodnbm-

bnse "hpƒ', {]mNo\{Koknse "]m≥', a≤yIme {Koknse "{]n-

bm∏qkv', C‰enbnse "ayp´p\pkv', kvIm≥Unt\hnbbnse "{^n-

t°m', kvs]bn\nse "tlmƒ´s\kv'(1) XpSßnb F√m tZh≥am-

cpsSbpw enwKw Bcm[yKWØn¬ {]XnjvTn°pIbpw Bcm[n-

°s∏SpIbpw sNbvXncp∂p. `mcXØn¬ C∂pw Cu {]mIrXm-

Nmcw \ne\n¬°p∂p≠v. ̀ mcXØnse ]e t£{Xßfnepw inh-

enwKmcm[\ \S∂phcp∂p. Akmam\yamb BImctØmsSbpw

A√msXbpap≈ inhenwK {]XnjvTIƒ AhnSßfn¬ ImWmw.

am{Xa√ inhenwKØns‚ alXzsØbpw Akmam\yamb BIm-

csØbpw kw_‘n® \nch[n IYIƒsIm≠v kar≤amWv

`mcXØnse ]pcmWßƒ. B¿j`mcXw : k¶¬]hpw bmYm¿-

∞yhpw F∂ IrXnbn¬ kvt\lPm≥ D≤cn°p∂p : "Hcn°¬

hnjvWphpw {_“mhpw XΩn¬ Xßfn¬ B¿°mWv alXzw

IqSpXse∂ ImcyØn¬ X¿°ap≠mbn. inh≥ a[yÿ\msb-

Øn. inhs‚ \n¿t±i{]Imcw inhenwKØns‚ apIƒ`mKw Im-

Wm\mbn {_“mhv apIfnte°pw hnjvWp ASn`mKw ImWm\m-

bn Xmtgm´pw Iptdt\cw k©cn®p. c≠pt]¿°pw inhenwKØn-

s‚ A‰w ImWm≥ Ign™n√. hnjvWp Xs‚ ]cmPbw kΩXn-

®p. Xm≥ Pbn®Xmbn {_“mhv \pW ]d™p. CXp a\ nem°n-

b inh≥ {_“mhns‚ A©mwXe \p≈n°f™p. ]©apJ\m-

bncp∂ {_“mhv Aßs\ NXp¿apJ\mbn amdn.'(2)

16


tIcfØnse sNß∂q¿ t£{XØnse {]XnjvT EXpaXn-

bmIp∂ ]m¿hXnbpw c‡w {khn® inhenwKhpamWv. AXn\p-

]ndInepw sFXnlyßfp≠v. hnhmlm\¥cap≈ ]m¿hXnbpsS

BZysØ B¿ØhØns‚ kvacW°mbn ]ºm\ZnbpsS Xoc-

Øv inh≥ Xs‚ enwKhpw ]m¿hXn Xs‚ icochpw Ipgn®n´p.

Imem¥cØn¬ inhenwKw inemcq]Øn¬ aÆn\v apIfnte°v

s]mßnh∂p. inhenwKsØ Xncn®dnbs∏´t∏mƒ kmlknI

{iaßƒs°mSphn¬ {]kvXpXÿew Ipgns®SpØv enwKsØ-

bpw ̀ KhXnsbbpw ]pdsØSpØp. tZhn°pw enwKØn\pw IqSn

Hcp tZhmebw ]WnXv AXn¬ Ah {]XnjvTn°s∏´p. AXmWv

sNß∂q¿ t£{XNcn{Xw.(3)

`mcXØn¬ am{Xa√ enwKmcm[\ km{ºZmbh¬°cn°-

s∏ńcp∂Xv F∂p ]d™pht√m ? {]mNo\ CuPn]vXnse enw-

Kmcm[\ {]ikvXambncp∂p. AhnsSbp≈ ̀ ‡¿ enwKmcm[\

D’hßƒ kwLSn∏n°mdp≠mbncp∂p. Ncn{XImc≥amcpsS

]nXmhv F∂dnbs∏Sp∂ {Ko°pImc\mb sltdmtUm´kv

(Herodotus) CuPn]vjy≥ kv{XoIfpsS Cu enwKmcm[\

D’hsØ∏‰n Cßs\ tcJs∏SpØnbncn°p∂p. ""hn{K-l-Øn-

s‚ ssewKnIÿm\Øv H∂cbSn \ofØnemWv Ah¿ ssew-

KnIAhbhw \n¿an®n´p≈Xv. kvXoIfmbncp∂p B {]Xna Np-

a∂psIm≠p \S∂ncp∂Xv. {]XnabpsS samØw hen∏Øns‚

A\p]mX{]Imcw t\m°nbm¬ Akm[mc hen∏ap≈Xmbn-cp-

∂p tZhs‚ enwKw. {]XnabpsS enwKØns‚ ASnbnembn Hcp

sNdnb sImfpØpNcSp≠v. {]Xna Npa°p∂ kv{Xo ]pdta°v

ImWphm≥ IgnbmØ B NßesImfpØv hen°ptºmƒ

D≤cn®p\n¬°p∂ ]pcpjenwKsØt∏mse tZhs‚ enwKw

Nen°p∂XmWv.''(4) kv{XoIfpsS D’hw F∂mWv Cu D’hw

CuPn]vXn¬ Adnbs∏ńcp∂Xv.

enwKmcm[\ am{Xa√ ]e kwkvImcßfnepw tbm\nbpw

Bcm[yambnXs∂ IcpXs∏ńcp∂p. "`mcXØnse Ima]pcw

t£{XØnse {]XnjvT tbm\nbmWv. ImepIƒ AI‰n

]oTØnencn°p∂ kv{XobpsS tbm\nbmWv AhnSpsØ {]Xn-

17


jvT. Akm[mcW hen∏Ønep≈ ]pcpjenwKw {]XnjvTn-®n-

´p≈Xpt]mse Xs∂ Im¬]mZßtfmfw FØp∂ Irkcn

(Clitoris) D≈ `KhXnamscbpw t£{X`nØnIfn¬ ImWmw.

CØcw tZhmebßfnse {][m\ hgn]mSv kz¿Ww, sh≈n

XpSßnb temlßfm¬ \n¿anXamb enwKcq]ßƒ Xs∂-bm-

Wv. kv{XobpsSbpw ]pcpjs‚bpw P\t\{μnbßƒ \n¿an®v

Ahsb kwtbmPn∏n°p∂XneqsS \SØp∂ Hcmcm[\.

kv{Xo]pcpj kwt`mKsØ Hcmcm[\bmbn Xs∂ BNcn°p∂

k{ºZmbw Cu ASpØImew hsc ssN\bn¬ \SamSnbn-cp-

∂p.'(5) \me∏m´v \mcmbWtat\m≥ Xs‚ cXnkm{amPyw F∂

{KŸØn¬ FgpXp∂p : ""]cnjvImcKXnbpsS BZnaL´w ap-

X¬°pXs∂ enwKt`Z kw_‘nbmb hym]mcßƒ aXØn-

te°v IS∂pIqSpIbpw Kplymhbhßƒ°v ZnhyXzw ssIhcnI-

bpw sNbvXpImWp∂p≠v. a\pjycnepw kkyßfnepap≈ k-

¥mt\m¬]Øn i‡n BZna\pjys‚ a\ ns\ {]_e-am-bm-

I¿jn°pIbpw, Ah≥ AXns\ ]pcpjs‚bpw Kplymhbhw

aptJ\ Bcm[yhkvXphmbn k¶¬]n°pIbpw sNbvXp.

enwKmcm[\ F√m cmPyØpw Hcphn[w \S∏p≈ H∂mWv.

kv{XoIfpsS KplymhbhØn\v aXØn¬ IS∂pIqSn ZnhyXzw

{]m]n°phm≥ am{Xw kmam\yPohnXØn¬ Xs∂ th≠nS-tØm-

fw {]m[m\yan√. F¶nepw {XntImWßƒ kv{XoIfpsS Kp-lym-

hbhßsfbmWv kqNn∏n°p∂sX∂v ]ecpw A`n{]m-b-s∏-´n-

´p≠v. hntijn®pw "sePyq¨ {XntImWw' `KNn”amWv.

arKmcm[\bpw arKt`mKmk‡nbpw

arKmcm[\ C∂pw \ne\n¬°p∂ {]mIrXmNmcßfn¬

Dƒs∏´ H∂mWv. ]pcmX\Imew apX¬ Xs∂ hnhn[ kw-

kvImcßfn¬ arKmcm[\ \ne\n∂ncp∂p. {]mNo\ inem-bpK

KplmIeIƒ a\pjy\nse arKmcm[\bnte°v kqN\Iƒ

\¬Ip∂p≠v. AdosKbnse sekv t{Smbvkv s{^tdknse

KplmNn{Xamb "sdtkmgskdn's‚ ̨ A¬]w a\pjy\pw A¬]w

arKhpw A¬]w ssZhhpamb Hcp PohnbpsS˛ hnhn[ Nn{Xo-

IcWw arKmcm[\bpsS ̀ mKamtbm am{¥nI {]h¿Ø\ßfpsS

18


`mK-amtbm Nn{XoIcn°s∏´XmbmWv {]mIvNcn{XsØbpw \m-

KcnIXbpsS {]mcw`L´sØbpw ]T\hnt[bam°nb ]Wv-

UnX≥am¿ A\pam\n°p∂Xv. `mcXØn¬ C∂pw arKmcm[\

\ne\n¬°p∂p. tKmamXmhnt\mSp≈ Bcm[yX tKmh[ \ntcm-

[\ØnseØn \n¬°p∂p. tKmh[\ntcm[\w ar-Km-cm[\bpsS

]cnjv°cn® ]Xn∏msW∂¿∞w. PohnIfpambn a\pjy\p-

≠mbncp∂ _‘hpw thgvNbpw ]n∂oSv B hkv-Xp-°sf

hμn°phm\pw Bcm[n°m\pap≈ KXnam‰Øn\p ImcW-amsb-

∂mWv arKmcm[\bpsS {]mcw`w tXSnb Ncn{X-]WvUn-X≥-am-

cpsS A\pam\w. arKmcm[\°p ]pdsa \mKm-cm-[\ t]m-se

Pohh¿Kßsf Bcm[n°p∂ k{ºZmbßfpw \-c-hw-i-Ncn-

{XØn¬ [mcmfw ImWmw. ]cainhs‚ B`cWsa∂ \ne-bn-

emWv `mcXØn¬ \mKmcm[\ \S°p∂Xv. tIcfØnse "]p-

t≈mØnXp≈¬' \mKmcm[\bpsS `mKamWv.

arKmcm[\ aq¿Z\ycq]w {]m]n®v arKt`mKmk‡nbnte°v

hgnamdnbXpw hnhn[ßfmb kwkvImcßfn¬ ImWmw. {]mIr-

Xamb AØcw k{ºZmbßƒ ssZhhnizmkØns‚ t]cn-¬-

Xs∂bmWv ]et∏mgpw \ne\n∂ncp∂Xv. {]mNo\ CuPn]vXn¬

\ne\n∂ncp∂ "B]vknse ]pWyImf' (The Sacred Bull ofApis) arKmcm[\ arKt`mKmk‡nbnte°v hgn-amdnbXns‚

`mKambncp∂p. ̀ ‡nbpw Imahpw F∂ {KŸ-Øn¬ tPm¨k¨

sFcq¿ FgpXp∂p. "Akqb]q≠ ktlm-Zc\m¬ h[n°s∏´

Hkocnkns‚ AhXmcamWv B]vknse ]pWyImf (The SacredBull of Apis) F∂h¿ hnizkn®p. Ah¿ Imf°v tZhmebw

]WnbpIbpw AXns\ Bcm[n°pIbpw sN-bvXp. B Imf N-

Øpt]mbt∏mƒ as‰mcp Imfbmbn Hkocn-kv ho≠pw Ah-X-cn-

°psa∂v ˛]p\¿P∑w {]m]n°psa∂v˛ Ah¿ hnizkn®p. Hcp

Imf NØbpS≥ e£-WsamØ Hcp Imf Fhn-sSsb¶nepw

AhXcn®n´pt≠m F-∂-t\zjn®v ]ptcmlnX≥am¿ \S°phm≥

XpSßn. "e£Ww' F-s¥ms°bmsW∂v \n›-bn°pI ]p-tcm-

lnX≥amcmWv. cm-Py-hym]Iamb Xnc-®n-en-\p-tijw Ah¿ Hcp

AhXmcImfsb Is≠Øp∂p. Ahcßs\ H∂ns\ I≠p-]n-

Sn®pIgn™m¬ kv{XoIfpsS am{Xw kq£va]cntim[\°mbn

19


\m¬]Xp Znhkw tZhmebØn¬ {]Z¿in∏n°p∂p. ZntbmtZm-

dkv shfns∏SpØn-bncn°p∂Xv kv{XoIfpsS ]cntim[\

F∂p]dbp∂Xv XnI-™ ssewKnI B`mkamsW∂mWv. kv-

{XoIƒ XßfpsS tZh-s‚ arKmhXmcamWv Imf F∂pk-¶-¬-

]n®psIm≠v B arK-Øns‚ apºn¬sN∂v hkv{Xßƒ Dcn-bp-

Ibpw XßfpsS ssew-KnI`mhßƒ AXns‚ apºn¬ {]Z¿-in-

∏n°pIbpw B arK-hp-ambn ssewKnIthgvN \SØn Cuizc-

km£mXvImcw t\SpIbpw sNømdps≠∂v ZntbmtZmdkv hn-h-

cn°p∂p. Hcp Imf acn®pIgn-™m¬ AXns‚ enwKw apdn-s®-Sp-

Øv _m°n`mKw kwkvIcn-°Ww. apdns®SpØ aqcnenwKw sIm-

≠v CuPn]vjy≥ cm⁄n ssewKnI ImatIfnIƒ \StØ-≠-

Xp≠v. aqcnenwKw tbm\nbn¬ {]thin∏n®v cm⁄n cXnaq¿®

FØp∂Xphsc kwt`mKw sNø-Wsa∂mWv BNmcw.' ho≠pw

At±lw XpScp∂p. "Bcm[o-bcmb ssZhßƒ arKcq]Øn¬

AhXcn®p F∂p hnizk-n-°-s∏SpIbpw ssZhßfpambp≈

ssewKnIthgvN Cuizckm£m-XvImcambn AwKoIcn°s∏Sp-

Ibpw sNbvX Hcp P\hn`mKØn-s‚ CSbn¬ CØcw ssewKn-

Im`mkw kwkvImcØns‚ `m-K-ambn amdnbXn¬ A¤pXan√.

arKßƒ°pw Bflmhps≠-∂pw B Bflmhv ]ePohnIfpsS

cq]Ønepw AhXmcsa-Sp-°psa-∂p≈ {]mIrXhnizmkamWv

CØcw BNmcØn\v Dt]m¬_-eIambncp∂ hkvXpX.

`mcXØnepw Cu BNmcw as‰mcp cq-]Øn¬ \ne\n∂ncp∂p.'

hnip≤ thiyIƒ

enwKmcm[\bpw arKmcm[\bpwt]mse ssZhßfpsS {]oXn

tXSns°m≠v hnhn[ kwkvImcßfn¬ \ne\n∂ncp∂ Hcp {]m-

IrXk{ºZmbambncp∂p hnip≤ thiymhrØn. {]mNo-\{Ko-kn-

epw `mcXØnepsa√mw Cu ssewKnIm`mkw ssZhhn-izm-k-

Øns‚ `mKambncp∂p. ]pcmX\{Koknse tZhnbmb At{^m-

sU‰ns‚ tZhmebßƒ CØcw ssewKnI AcmPIXzw sIm≠v

"kº∂ambncp∂p'. ""ASßmØ ImaZmlnbpw kuμcy-cq-]n-Wn-

bpamb At{^msU‰ns‚ tZhmebw. {Koknse GsXmcp s] -̈

Ip´nbpw hnhmlØn\papºv Hcn°se¶nepw B Im-a-kz-cq-]n-

20


WnbpsS {]XnjvTbp≈ GsX¶nepw tZhmebØn¬ sNt∂

aXnbmhq F∂mWv AenJnX \nbaw. Ahcßs\ sN∂v Aº-

e]cnkcØv N{aw ]S™v Ccn°p∂p. B Znhkßfn¬ cmPy-

sØºmSpap≈ kwt`mtK—p°fmb ]pcpj≥am¿ AºeØn-

\pNp‰pw \S°p∂p≠mIpw. ImgvNbntemtcmcpØ¿°pw Cjv-

Ss∏Sp∂ s]ÏpńbpsS aSnbnte°v Ah¿ Hmtcm \mWbw

C´psImSp°p∂p. \ns∂ tZhn A\p{Kln°s´ F∂p ]d™p-

sIm≠mWv ]pcpj≥ aSnbnte° \mWbanSp∂Xv. ]pcpj≥

I\yIbpsS aSnbnen´ \mWbw F{X sNdnb XpIbptSXm-sW-

¶nepw AXp kzoIcn®psIm≠v Ahƒ ]pcpjt\msSm-Øpt]mbn

Abmƒ°v ImakwXr]vXn \SØns°mSp°p∂p. Hcp XhW

Aßs\ kwt`mKw Ign™m¬ Ahƒ°v CjvSas√¶n¬ ]ns∂

A-hnsS Ccnt°≠. B \mWyw tZhnbpsS `WvUmcØnenń´v

Ahƒ°p hońte°v t]mImw. kwt`mKØn¬ Xm¬]cyap--s≠-

¶n¬ ]ns∂bpw h∂v ASpØ ]pcpj≥ \mWyw CSp∂Xpw Im-

Øv Aºe]cnkcØv Ccn°mw.''(6)

tZh\pth≠n Fs∂∂pw hy`nNmc {]hrØnIfn¬ G¿-s∏-

Sphm-≥th≠n sXcs™Sp°s∏´ hnip≤ thiyIfpw {]mNo\-

{Ko-kns‚ Ncn{XØn¬ ImWmw. "{]mt^mkv' F∂ ÿeØp-

≠m-bncp∂ tZhmebØn\p Np‰pambn am{Xw BbncØn\m∂qdv

th-iymebßƒ D≠mbncp∂p F∂p Ncn{XImc≥am¿ tcJs∏-

Sp-Ønbncn°p∂p.(7)

{Kokn¬ am{Xa√ ̀ mcXØnepw AØcw {]mIrXk{ºZmb-

ßƒ \ne\n∂ncp∂p. tZhZmknIƒ F∂mbncp∂p AXn\mbn

sXc-s™Sp°s∏´ kv{XoIƒ hnfn°s∏ńcp∂Xv. B¿j`mcXw

: k¶¬]hpw bmYm¿∞yhpw F∂ {KŸØn¬ kvt\lPm≥

FgpXp∂p. ""AY¿ΔthZ ImeL´Øn¬ Xs∂ k]vXkn-‘p-

hn¬ tZhZmknk{ºZmbw Bcw`n®ncp∂psh∂Xn\v sXfnhp-

Ifp-≠v. tZh≥amcpsS ZmknIfmbn t£{Xßfnte°v A¿-∏n-

°s∏Sp∂ iq{Zkv{XoIfmWv tZhZmknIƒ. tZh≥amcpsS `q-an-

bnse {]Xn\n[nIfmbncp∂ kh¿WcpsS ssewKnImhiyßƒ

\ndth‰pIbmbncp∂p tZhZmknIfpsS [¿aw. t£{Xßfnse

21


thiyIfmbncp∂p Chsc∂¿∞w.''

At±lw XpScp∂p : ""B¿j`mcX kaqlØn¬ tZhZm-

knI-ƒ Hcp Ahn`mPy LSIambncp∂psh∂v cmambWhpw

alm`m-c-Xhpw HcmhrØn hmbn®m¬ a\ nemIpw. ZicY≥

{iocma\p -th≠n k÷am°nb ]Sbn¬ "kuμcyw

D]Poh\am¿Kam°nb a¶'amsc°qSn Dƒs°m≈n®ncp∂p.

Ipcpt£{Xbp≤Øn\v t]m-Iptºmƒ ]mWvUh]£sØbpw

Iuch]£sØbpw tZh-Zm-knIsf \nd® IpXnch≠nIƒ

A\pKan®ncp∂p. h\hmkw Ign-™p Xncns®Ønb {iocmas\

kzoIcn°m≥ tZhZmknIƒ ap-∂n¬ Xs∂bp≠mbncp∂p.

ITn\amb kl\]co£W-Øn -\p -tijw Xeÿm\

\Kcnbnte°v Xncns®Ønb IujnI alm-cmPmhns\

kzoIcn°ms\ØnbXpw tZhZmkn kaql-ambn -cp -∂p.

XXz⁄m\nbmb P\Ihn`ls\ kμ¿in®t∏mƒ iqIs\

FXntc‰Xv, I≠m¬ Xs∂ tNmcØnf∏p≈ AºXv s]¨-Ip-

´nIfmbncp∂psh∂mWv alm`mcXw ]dbp∂Xv. s]Æns\

PohnXImew ImWmØ EjnirwJ\n¬ hnImcØn-s‚ th-en-

tb‰w krjvSn®v Xs‚ Imcyw t\Sphm\mbn A\pK a-lmcmPmhv

\n›bn®Xpw Hcp tZhZmknsb Bbncp∂p.

tZhZmknIsf D]tbmKn®v kh¿Wcpw cmPm°≥amcpw \S-

Ønb ssewKnItIfnIƒ hnhcn°m≥ k`yX A\phZn-°p-∂n√.

Cu ImatIfnIfmWv Nne t£{Xßfnepw cmP[m\n-I-fnepap≈

Npa¿Nn{Xßfnepw sImØp]WnIfnepap≈Xv. sX°≥

XncphnXmwIqdnse Nne t£{Xßfn¬ "IpSn°mcn k-{ºZmbw'

F∂ t]cn¬ tZhZmkn k{ºZmbw CubSpØ-Im-ew hsc

\ne\n∂ncp∂p. XncphnXmwIq¿ cm⁄nbmbncp∂ tk-Xp e-£v

a-n -`mbnbmWv 1930¬ Hcp hnfw_cØneqsS {]kvXpX B-Nmcw

Ahkm\n∏n®Xv. AWns™mcpßnb tZhZmknIƒ t£-

{XØns‚ {iotImhnen\v apºnep≈ \S∏pcIfn¬ \n∂v tX-h-

Sn®nbm´w \SØn ]pcpj≥amsc BI¿jn°mdp-≠m-bnc-p-∂p. Cu

tXhSn®nbm´Øns‚ ]cnWXcq]amWv tIcfØn¬ C∂pw \n-

e\n¬°p∂ tamln\nbm´w.''

22


_lpssZhhnizmkw a\pjys\ F¥pam{Xw A[a\m°n

Xo¿Øncp∂p F∂Xn\v C\nbpap≠v Ncn{X]mTßƒ.

kzh¿Kkwt`mKw

ssZhßfpsS {]oXntXSn kzh¿KcXnbnte°phsc a\p-jy-

≥ FØns∏ńcp∂Xmbn ]ucmWnI \mKcnIXIsf∏‰nbp≈

]T-\ßƒ \ap°v a\ nem°nØcp∂p. _lpssZhhnizmkw

a\p-jys\ tæOXbpsS GX‰w hsc sIms≠Øn°psa-∂-Xn-

\p≈ DØaDZmlcWßfnsem∂mWv _lpssZhXz kaq-l-

ßfn¬ \ne\n∂ncp∂ kzh¿KcXn. `‡nbpw Imahpw F∂

{KŸØn¬ tPm¨k¨ sFcq¿ hnhcn°p∂p. ""{Ko-°-p-P-\-X-

bpsS ]p-cp-j-kuμcy{àw aqew kzh¿Kkwt`mKhpw a‰v cXn-

sshIrXßfpw P\kwkvImcØns‚ `mKambn amdpI-bm-Wp-

≠mbXv. AXn\v enwKmcm[\m[njvTnXamb aX]›mØehpw

]u-cpjkuμ-cy-Øns‚ am\knI ]›mØehpw D≠mbncp∂p.

c≠p t]cpsS-bpw kvt\lw aq¿Øo`hn°p∂Xv Bflmhns‚

A¥xkØ A-Sßnbncn°p∂ ip¢kzoIcWØneqsSbmsW-

∂v hniz-kn-°-s∏-ńcp∂p.

]pcpj kuμcytØmSpw {Ko°v ssZhßfpsS Ima{]h¿Øn-

tbmSpap≈ ̀ ‡nIe¿∂ BZchv Hcp P\Xsb Aßs\ Xs∂

kzh¿Kt{]anIfm°nsb¶n¬, AXn¬ A¤pXs∏Sm\ns√-∂m-

Wv Ncn{XImc≥amcpsS ]£w. A°mesØ kmaqlnI B-Nm-

csØ ep®n‰v Cßs\ tcJs∏SpØp∂p. ""Hmtcm ]pcpj≥amcpw

Hmtcm ]ø≥amsc BI¿jn®v AhcpsS c£I¿Ømthm kp-

lrtØm Bbn \Sn®v IpsSs°m≠p \S°pambncp∂p. Xs‚

k¿Δ {]hrØn°pw Abmƒ Ahs\ klIcn∏n®ncp∂p. Hcm-

ƒ°v AØcw Hcp ]ø≥ C√mØXpw Hcp ]ø\v AØcw Hcmƒ

C√mØXpw henb \mWt°Smbn a‰p≈h¿ IcpXpIbpw sN-

bvXncp∂p.''

{Kokn¬ A°meØv Hmtcm ]pcpjs‚bpw hnNmcw Fßs\-

bm-bncp∂psh∂p≈Xv kvt{Sm´s‚ hcnIfneqsS `‡nbpw Im-

a-hp-sa∂ {KŸØn¬ tPm¨k¨ sFcq¿ hnhcn°p∂p.

23


""]{¥≠v hbkpImc≥ F\n°v B\μw Xcp∂p. ]Xna-q-

∂pIm-cs\bmWv F\n°v IqSpXenjvSw. ]Xn\mepImcs\

t{]aw sIm-≠`ntjIw sNøm≥ Rm≥ sImXn°p∂p. ]Xn\-

©ns‚ Xp-S-°Ønep≈h≥ _lphninjvSw. ]Xn\mdpImc≥

ssZhß-ƒ-°p-th≠nbp≈XmWv. ]Xnt\gmbm¬ ]nd∂h≥

Ctdmkv tZ-h-s‚Xmbn°gn™p.''

At±lw XpScp∂p : ""{Ko°nse kZmNmcPohnXw A]e]\o-

b-amwhÆw A[]Xn°phm≥ CSbm°nbXv AhcpsS ssZhk-

¶¬]ßfpsS cXnsshIrX`mhßfmbncp∂p. B[p\nI

ImgvN∏mSn¬ ]d™m¬ XßfpsS cXnssh-IrX`m-hßfpsS

aq¿ØoIcWambn Ah¿ XßfpsS ssZhßsf k¶¬]n®p.

AhcpsS kzh¿K kwt`mKXrjvW Imamk‡hpw ZpjvShpw

am{Xa√ A]e]\obamwhÆw hym]mcm[njvTnXhpw IqSn-bm-

bncp∂psh∂XmWv G‰hpw e÷mIcamb hkvXpX. thiym-

hrØn kzoIcn® B¨Ip´nIfpw AhcpsS thiyme-bßfpw

{Kokn¬ [mcmfw D≠mbncp∂p.

\c_enIfpw Ima{`ms¥SpØp≈ acWßfpw

\c_en ]et∏mgpw ]ucmWnI \chwi Ncn{XØn¬ btY-

jvSw \ne\n∂ncp∂ Hcp {]mIrX k{ºZmbambncp∂p. B¿-j-

`mcXw : k¶¬]hpw bmYm¿∞yhpw F∂ {KŸØn¬ kvt\l-

Pm≥ hnhcn°p∂p : ""tZhXIƒ°pth≠n a\pjysc _enb-¿-

∏n°p∂ {Iqcamb k{ºZmbhpw B¿j`mcXØn¬ \ne\n∂ncp-

∂p-sh-∂Xn\v sXfnhpIfp≠v. ip¢bPq¿thZob hmPkt\b

kw-ln-Xbnepw IrjvWbPq¿thZob ssXØncob {_mlva-W-

Ønepw EtKzZob sFXtcb {_mlvaWØnepw \c_en-sb-

°pdn®v kqN\Ifp≠v. Aizta[bmKØn\v kam\amWv ]pcpj-

ta[bm-KØnsebpw BNmchn[nIƒ. IpXnc°p]Icw a\pjy-

\m-bnc-n-°pw _enbmbnØocpI F∂pam{Xtabp≈q.

bmKmflmhn\v Hcp h¿jw ]q¿Wambn PohnXw BkzZn°m-

\m-bn e`n°p∂p. Cu Imebfhn¬ Abmƒ k¿ΔkzX{¥\m-

bn-cn°pw. AbmfpsS F√m B{Klßfpw Cu kabØn\nS°v

24


kêoIcn°s∏Spw. bmKthZnbnte°v \bn°s∏Sp∂ ]pcpj-

\pambn ]n∂oSv Aizta[bmKØn¬ IpXncbpambn _‘s∏´

coXnbn¬ ]álnjn _‘s∏Spw. AXn\ptijw Abmsf

IgpØdpØpsIm√pw. ssN{XamkØnse ip¢Zianbn¬ Bcw-

`n®v \mev]Xv ZnhkamWv Cu bmKw \SØs∏SpI. bmKtijw

bmKbPam\≥ hm\{]ÿm{iaw kzoIcn°p∂p.

Cu BNmcw thZImeØpam{Xw \S∂ncp∂hbmsW∂v

IcpXp-∂Xv icnb√. C∂pw CØcw \cta[ßƒ A]q¿Δ-am-

sb¶nepw \S°p∂p≠v. \nbawaqew \c_en \ntcm[n°s∏ńcn-

°p∂-Xn\m¬ Ah \S°p∂Xv clkyambn´msW∂pam{Xw.

{InkvXm-_vZw 1841¬ _wKmfnepw a{Zmknepambn Ccp∂q‰n

\m¬∏Xv a-\pjy¿ _enb¿∏n°s∏ń´p≈Xmbn AwKoIrX

Ncn{X{K-Ÿ-ßƒ tcJs∏SpØp∂p. Zqc{]tZißfn¬\n∂v

IpńIsf X-ń-s°m≠pt]mbn _enb¿∏n°p∂ k{ºZmbw

C∂pw Nn-e-bn-S-ßfn¬ \SamSp∂p.''

`mcXØn¬ am{Xa√ ]e cmPyßfnepw \c_en \S∂n-cp-

∂p. _lpssZhhnizmkØns‚ kzm[o\amWv am\hNcn-{X-Øn-

¬ \ne\n∂ncp∂ \c_enIfpsS ]n∂nep≠mbncp∂ t{]cIw.

\c_en t]mseØs∂ \chwi Ncn{XØn¬ \ne\n-

∂ncp∂ as‰mcp {]mIrXk{ºZmbambncp∂p Ima{`m-s¥-Sp-Øp-

≈ acWßƒ. GY≥knse "sImńs‰m' tZhX°pth≠n \S-

∂ncp∂ Ima{`ms¥SpØp≈ acWßƒ Ncn{XØn¬ Adnb-

s∏Sp∂ A[ymbßfmWv. thiyIfmb kv{XoIsfbmWv AXn-

\p th≠n sXcs™SpØncp∂Xv. sXcs™Sp°s∏´ thiy-I-

fn¬ G‰hpw {]mbw IqSnbhƒ°v Hcp "tZhaZyw' IpSn°phm≥

sImSp°pw. hmkvXhØn¬ B {ZmhIw IpSn®m¬ IpSep-I-fp-

cpIn icocw ]pI™p acn°pIbmWs{X D≠mhpI. "tZhaZyw'

IpSn® A-`nkmcnIsb {]mW≥ ]nS™v acn°p∂Xn\pw ap≥]v

Im-a-tI-fnIƒ°p]tbmKn°p∂p. Ahkm\w tZhk∂n[nbn¬

kz-Po-hnXw ka¿∏n®psIm≠v Ahƒ [\ybmIp∂p.(8)

Imakw_‘nbmb CØcw {]mIrX ssZhmcm[\m k{ºZm-

25


bßƒ kv{XoIƒ°pam{Xw D≈hbmbncp∂n√. ]pcpj≥am-¿-

°pw AXn¬\n∂pw c£ D≠mbncp∂n√. t{^k¿ tcJs∏S-p-

Ønb, _n.kn Ccp∂qdn¬ tdman¬ \ne\n∂ncp∂ HcmNmcsØ

`‡nbpw Imahpw F∂ {KŸØn¬ tPm¨kv sFcq¿ hnh-cn-

°p∂p. ""B‰nkv F∂ tZhs‚ hn{Klw Npa∂psIm≠v `‡-P-

\-ßƒ kn_nen F∂ tZhXbpsS t£{XØnte°v t]mIp∂p.

Aßs\ `Khms\ `KhXnbpsS ASptØ°v sIm-≠p-t]m-Ip-

∂Xn\mbn `‡P\ßƒ Np‰pw \n∂v \rØw sh-°p-I-bpw tZ-

lsaßpw kzbw ]oU\w \SØn c‡w hm¿°pIpw sNøp∂p.

Cu c‡w `Khm\pw `KhXn°pw kzbw A¿∏n°p-∂Xns‚ {]-

XoIamWv. Cu Xm¬°menI Ien ̨ aXn{`aw˛ XnI™ {`m¥mbn

amdptºmgmWv {][m\ I¿aw A\p-jv-Tn-°-s∏SpI.'' t{^kdpsS

hcnIƒ D≤cn®psIm≠v At±lw Xp-S-cp-∂p. ""`‡P-\-ß-ƒ-°n-

Sbnep≈ ]pcpj≥am¿ kwKoXØns‚ Xmfebßfn¬ abßn,

tNmc{]hmlw I≠v Xp≈n®mSns°m≠v hkv{Xw apgph≥ Agn-

®pIf™v ]q¿W\·cmhp∂p. Aßs\ \·cmhp∂ Ah¿ B-

thi]q¿Δw Xp≈n®mSn {]Z£n-W-ho-Yn-I-fn¬ Xømdm°n sh-

®n´p≈ ssIhmƒ ISs∂SpØv kz¥w enwKw apdns®-Sp-°p-∂p.

Hcp ssIsIm≠v tNmc{]hmlw XS-™p]nSn®psIm≠v adp-I-

øn¬ tOZn°s∏´ enwKhpambn Ah¿ HmSp∂p. B {`m¥amb

]m®nen\nS°v GsX¶nepw ho´nte°v kz-enwKw Fdnbp∂p.''

I\ymXzZqjWhpw enwKt\¿®bpw

_lpssZhhnizmkw krjvSn® as‰mcp {]mIrXk{ºZm-b-

amWv I\yImXzka¿∏Ww. kv{XoIƒ XßfpsS I\ymN¿aw

XI-¿-°phm≥ ssZhhn{Klßsftbm ssZh{]Xn\n[nIfmb ]p-

tcm-lnX≥amsctbm kao]n°p∂ G¿∏mSns\bmWv "I\yImXz-

ka-¿∏Ww' F∂phnfn®ncp∂Xv. _lpssZhmcm[\ \ne\n-∂ncp-

∂ ]e {]mNo\ kwkvImcßfnepw CØcw sshIrXßƒ Ac-

tßdnbncp∂p. `mcXØn¬ hnhmlm\¥cap≈ BZy \mev

Znhkßƒ h[p°fpsS kwt`mKkpJw tZh≥am¿°v \¬Ip∂

G¿∏mSv \ne\n∂ncp∂p.(9)

{]mNo\ ]ekvXo\n¬ "_m¬]nbq¿' F∂ `Khm\p≈-Xm-

26


bncp-∂p Cu I\yIXz ka¿∏Ww. "]ntbm¿' F∂ hm°ns‚

A¿∞w Xpd°pI F∂mWv. `KZzmcw Xpd°p∂ ssZhambn´m-

Wv "_m-¬]ntbm' Adnbs∏´ncp∂Xv.(10) tdman¬ Cu I¿aw \n¿Δ-

ln-°-s∏´ncp∂Xv IpØs\ \n¿Ønb enwKhn{KlØns‚ ]pd-

Øv I\yI Ih®v Aa¿∂ncp∂psIm≠mWv.(11)

Cuizc≥amscs°m≠v I\ymXzZqjWw \SØnbncp∂

k{º-ZmbsØ∏‰n \me∏mS≥ Xs‚ cXnkm{amPyØn¬ hnh-

cn°p-∂Xnßs\. ""I\yIsb AºeØnte°v sIm≠p-t]m-bn

Ahn-sSsh®v CcpºpsImt≠m B\s°mºpsImt≠m D≈ Hcp

en-w-KsØ AhfpsS `KZzmcØnte°v IpØnbnd°n Ipam-cn-

iZsØ \in∏n®pIfbp∂p.''

""kplrØp°fpsSbpw _‘p°fpsSbpw klmbtØm-Sp-Iq-

Sn AhfpsS I\ymXzw \in∏n°s∏Sp∂p. Cu kabØv A-h-fp-

sS hc≥ Cuizc≥ sNbvX A\p{Klwaqew taen¬ ]-e-Kp-W-

ß-fpw D≠mbnØocpsa∂v hnizkn®v CsX√mw t\m°n°≠p

\n¬°pw.''

`mcXØn¬ \S∂ncp∂ as‰mcmNmcsØ \me∏mS≥ Xs‚

cXn-km{amPyØn¬ hnhcn°p∂Xnßs\.

""Hcp kv{Xosb PmXnbpw sXmgnepw t\m°n `‡P\kw-L-

Øn¬ \n∂pw sXcs™Sp°p∂p. Ahsf ]e at{¥m-Om-c-W-

ßƒsIm-≠pw A\pjvTm\ßƒsIm≠pw ]cnip≤oIcn®tijw

a‰pNne A\pjvTm\ßƒsIm≠v ip≤am°nbn´p≈ Hcp

hrØØn\p-ffnem°n AhfpsS sNInSn¬ aq∂v {]mhiyw Hcp

a{¥sØ a{¥n°p∂p. F∂n´hƒ°v ]pcpjkwt`mKw A-\p-`-

hs∏Sp-Øn-s°mSp°p∂p. t£{XØn¬ sh®v \SØp∂ Cu

I¿asØ Hcp hgn]mSmbn´mWv BfpIƒ IcpXnt∏mcp∂Xv.''

BZykwt`mKw {]IrXymXoX i‡nbp≈ Bflmhpambp≈

A-]ISIcamb Hcp IfnbmsW∂v hnizkn®ncp∂ {]mNo\ _-

lp-ssZhhnizmknIƒ {]IrXymXoX i‡nbpsS {]Xo-I-ß-fmb

enwtKizc≥amtcm ssZh{]Xn\n[nIfmb ]p-tcm-ln-X-≥-am-tcm

I\ymXzZqjWw sNbvXnt´ kv{Xosb ]pcpj≥ kv]¿in°phm≥

27


]mSp≈q F∂phnizkn®ncp∂Xmbn ImWmw. Gjybnepw ]e

A]cnjvIrX P\hn`mKßfpsS CSbn¬ ]ptcmlnX≥am¿

Cuizc{]mXn\n[yw hln®v s]ÏpńbpsS I\yImXzZqjWw

sNbvXpt]mcp∂ k{ºZmbw ]Xnhmbncp∂p. C≥tUm-˛ssN-\-

bnep≈ Iwt_mUnbmbn¬ _p≤aX ]ptcmlnX≥amsctbm

Xtbm (Tao) aXmNmcy≥amsctbm ]√°nte‰n, Ahsc kzo-I-

cn°phm≥ ImØp\n¬°p∂ I\yIIfpsS ASptØ°v

BfpIƒ sIm≠psN∂ncps∂∂v Ncn{XØn¬ ImWmw.(12)

I\ymXzZqjWw t]mseØs∂ {]mNo\ _lpssZhhnizm-

knIfmb ]e P\hn`mKßfnepw \ne\n∂ncp∂ {]mIr-Xm-Nm-

cambncp∂p enwKt\¿®.

{]mNo\ tdman¬ "hcnbpS°¬ kuP\y\nc°n¬ \SØn-

s°m-Sp°p∂XmWv.' F∂ t_m¿UpIƒ ]e-bnSØpap-≠m-bn-

cp∂p. kv{XoIƒ°v {]thi\m\paXn \ntj[n°s∏´ AƒØmc-

Ifn¬ kv{Xoi_vZØn¬ ]m´p]mSp∂Xn\pth≠n BÏp-ń-

Isf hcnbpS®v (Castration) hf¿Øn tZhmebßfn¬ ]m-

Sn°p∂ k{ºZmbßƒ \ne\n∂ncp∂p.(13)

hrjvWßƒ am{Xa√ enwKw Xs∂ tZhX°pth≠n apdns®-

Sp-°p∂ G¿∏mSv `mcXØnse Nne _lpssZhm-cm[-I-cpsS CS-

bn¬ \ne\n∂ncp∂p. "_lpNcamXm' F∂ sslμ-htZhXbm-

Wv ]pcpjenwKw t\¿®bmbn kzoIcn®ncp∂Xv. Al-ΩZm_m-

Zn¬ \n∂pw \m¬]Xv ssa¬ AIsebp≈ km≥]q¿ F∂ ÿ-

e-ØmWv Cu `KhXnbpsS {][m\t£{Xw. Kp-Pdm-Øn¬ ]e-

bnSßfnepw Cu tZhX°v t£{Xßfp≠v. B-¨-Ip-ńIƒ P\n-

°p∂Xn\pth≠n KpPdmØnse _lpssZhmcm[-I-cmb P\-

ßfn¬ ]ecpw "_lpNcamXm'bpsS tbm\nsb ]q-Pn-°p-∂p.(14)

enwKw tOZn®v Xs‚ tbm\nbn¬ sh°p∂tXmsS Cu ̀ Kh-

Xn-bpsS ITn\{]oXn e`n°psa∂v hnizkn°p∂ P\ßƒ C∂p-

ap≠v. Aßs\ `KhXn {]oXntXSn enwKw A¿∏n® BÏpń-

Iƒ lnPUIƒ F∂dnbs∏Sp∂p.(15)

AØcw enwKtOZka¿∏WsØ∏‰n ssewKnI hn⁄m\-

28


tIm-iØn¬ B‚Wn ssa°nƒ Cßs\ tcJs∏SpØn.

""Hcp Ipńsb lnPUIƒ°v Inńbm¬ clkyambn Ah¿

h‘oIcn®v kwLØn¬ tN¿°pw. ssewKnImhbhw kn¬°p-

\q¬ sIm≠v apdp°ns°´pIbpw, Hcp \n›nXkabØv kw-L-

Ønse "Kpcp' enwKØns‚ ASnØd tOZn°pIbpw sNøp∂p.

c‡{]hmlw sIm≠v h‘oIcn°s∏Sp∂h¿ acn®m¬ AXv

Zp»Ip\ambn IcpXn BcpadnbmsX ihw Ipgn®nSpw. _lp-N-c-

tZhX°v _enbmbn´mWv Cu h‘oIcWtOZ\w \SØp∂Xv.

h‘oIcWw hfsc ITn\amb Ip‰amWv. lnPUIƒ AXv hf-

sc clkyambn sNøpIbpw acWaS™m¬ cm{Xn hfsc Cc-p-

ńam{Xw ihw adhpsNøpIbpw sNøp∂p. hnPbn®m¬ AXv

BtLmjn°pIbpw Kpcp kv{Xo hkv{Xßƒ \¬In, kwLØn-

¬ AwKam°pIbpw sNøp∂p.''

F¥pam{Xw hnNn{Xhpw {]mIrXhpw sshIrXhpamb k{º-

Zmb-ßfpw Bcm[\mcoXnIfpamWv a\pjyNcn{XØn¬ \ap°v

ImWm\mhp∂Xv. ssZhhnizmkØns‚bpw aXhnizmkØn-s‚-

bpw hnemkßfn¬ Ncn{XØn¬ FgpXntN¿°s∏´ Cu \nIr-

jvThpw \oNhpamb k{ºZmbßƒ ]t£ Hcn°epw ip≤amb

GIssZhhnizmkØns‚ "Xebn¬' sIńsh°phm≥ km[y-

a√. _lpssZhhnizmkw IogS°nsh® kaqlßfn¬ am{X-

amWv CØcØnep≈ k{ºZmbßƒ \ne\n∂ncp∂Xv F∂p-

\mw th¿Xncn®p a\ nem°Ww. At∏mƒ am{Xta Ncn{Xw \mw

\oXntbmsS a\ nem°n F∂p]dbphm≥ km[n°pIbp≈q.

_lpssZhhnizmknIsf]‰n hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ ]d™sX{X

kXyw.

""F∂m¬ ]nimNv Ah¿°v AhcpsS (Zpjv){]h¿Ø\ßƒ

A-e¶mcambn tXm∂n°pIbmWv sNbvXXv. Aßs\ Ah\mWv

C∂v AhcpsS an{Xw. Ah¿°p≈XmIs´ thZ\mP\Iamb in-

£bmWv Xm\pw.'' (\lv¬ : 63)

""Hcp hn`mKsØ Ah≥ t\¿hgnbnem°nbncn°p∂p. Hcp

hn-̀ mKamIs´ hgn]ng°m≥ A¿lcmbncn°p∂p. A√mlphns\

hn´v ]nimNp°sfbmWv Ah¿ c£m[nImcnIfm°n sh-®n-cn-

29


°p∂Xv. Xßƒ k≥am¿Kw {]m]n®hcmsW∂v Ah¿ hn-Nm-

cn-°pIbpw sNøp∂p.'' (AAvdm^v : 30)

ssZhhnizmkw kzoIcn®hcn¬ F∂pw t\¿hgnbn¬

\SØ-s∏-´h¿ kwip≤amb GIssZhhnizmkw kzoIcn-

®hcmWv. _-lpssZhXzw kzoIcn®h¿ Zp¿am¿KØneIs∏-

´hcmWv. ImcWw ]nimNmWhcpsS c£m[nImcn. tæOhr-

Ønbpw \nIr-jvS-I¿a-hpa√msX Ah≥ A\pbmbnItfmSv

I¬]n-°p-Ibn√. A√m-lp ]dbp∂p :

""a\pjytc, `qanbnep≈Xn¬ \n∂v A\phZ\obhpw, hnin-

jvShp-ambXv \nßƒ ̀ £n®v sIm≈pI. ]nimNns‚ ImeSnIsf

\n-ßƒ ]n¥pScmXncn°pIbpw sNøpI. Ah≥ \nßfpsS {]Xy-

£ i{Xp Xs∂bmIp∂p. ZpjvIrXyßfnepw \oNhrØnI-fnepw

G¿s]Sphm\pw, A√mlphns‚ t]cn¬ \nßƒ°dn™p-Iq-Sm-

ØXv ]d™p≠m°phm\pamWv Ah≥ \nßtfmSv I¬-]n-°p-

∂Xv.'' (A¬ _Jd : 168˛169).

Ipdn∏pIƒ

1. `‡nbpw Imahpw t]Pv : 19, Id≥dv _pIvkv.

2. B¿j`mcXw : k¶¬]hpw bmYm¿∞yhpw t]Pv : 19,

ZAvh _pIvkv.

3. Ibid.4, `‡nbpw Imahpw, Id≥dv _pIvkv.

5. Ibid6. Ibid.7. Ibid.8. Ibid.9. Ibid.10. Ibid.11. Ibid.12. Ibid.13. Ibid.14. Ibid.15. Ibid.

30


BZnbnse ssZhhnizmkw

""a\pjy¿ Hscm‰ kapZmbambncp∂p. A\¥cw Ah¿ ̀ n∂n-

®t∏mƒ hnizmknIƒ°v kt¥mjhm¿Ø Adnbn°p-hm-\pw,

\ntj[nIƒ°v Xm°oXv \¬Iphm\pambn A√mlp {]hm-N-I-

∑msc \ntbKn®p. Ah¿ (P\ßƒ) ̀ n∂n® hnjbØn¬ Xo¿∏v

Iev]n°phm\mbn AhcpsS IqsS kXythZhpw Ah≥ A-h-X-

cn∏n®psImSpØp....''(2 : 213)

Ckvemans‚ `mjbn¬ ]d™m¬ BZnbn¬ a\pjy¿

GIssZ-hhnizmknIfmbncp∂p. ImcWw GIssZhhnizmkw

a\pjys‚ ip≤{]IrXnbmWv. _lpssZhXzsa∂Xv B

ip≤{]IrXn-bnte°v ]n∂oSv IS∂pIqSnb hyXnbm\amWv.

BZnaa\pjys‚ aXw ip≤amb GIssZhhnizmkØn¬ A[n-

jvTnXam-bn-cp-s∂¶nepw t\¿am¿KØn¬ \n∂pw hyXn-N-en-°p-

hm≥ a\pjy-\nep≈ kzm`mhnIamb Xzcbp-sS-{]-Xn-̂ e\amWv

GIssZ-hhnizmknIfpsS ]n≥Xeapd°m¿ _lp-ssZ-h-hn-

izmkØnte-°v hyXnNen°m\p≠mb ImcWw. AYhm ssZ-h-

hnizmk-Øns‚ ImcyØn¬ ]cnWmaw kw`hn®n-cn°p∂Xv

GIssZ-h-hnizmkØn¬ \n∂pw _lpssZ-hhnizm-kØnte-°m-

sW-∂XmWv Ckvemw ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv.

hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ ]d™p : ""Ah¿ ]d™p : (P\ßsf,)

31


\n-ßƒ \nßfpsS ssZhßsf Dt]£n°cpXv. h±v, kphmAv,

b-KqYv, bDuIzv, \kvdv F∂nhsc \nßƒ Dt]£n°cpXv.''

(71:23)

Cu kq‡sØ hniZoIcn®psIm≠v {]hmNIinjy\mb

C_v\p A∫mkv (d) ]d™p : ""\qlv \_n (A)bpsS P\Xbn-

se- k÷\ßfpsS t]cpIfmWnh. Ah¿ acn®t∏mƒ ]nimNv

AhcpsS P\X°v Cßs\ Zp¿t_m[\w \¬In. \nßƒ Ah¿

IpSnbncn°mdp≈ kZ pIfn¬ Nne {]Xna \m´pIbpw Ahbv°v

AhcpsS t]cpIƒ \¬IpIbpw sNøpI. At∏mƒ Ah¿ A-

{]Imcw sNbvXp. A∂v Ah Bcm[n°s∏ńcp∂n√. ]n∂oSv

Ah¿ (BZnXeapd) acn°pIbpw B hn⁄m\w hnkvarXnbn-

emhpIbpw sNbvXt∏mƒ Ah Bcm[n°s∏´p.'' (_pJmcn)

GIssZhhnizmkØn¬ \n∂pw _lpssZhhnizmk-Øn-

te°v am\hkaqlw ]cnWan®p F∂XmWv C_v\p A∫mkv

(d) hniZoIcn®Xv. F∂m¬ ssZhhnizmkØns‚ D¬]-Øn-

sbbpw ]cnWmasØbpw kw_‘n®v ùXnIhmZØns‚ A-f-

hptIm-epIƒ sIm≠f∂h¿ XeIogmbmWv hkvXpXIsf hni-

ZoIcn®Xv. Xmgv∂Xn¬ \n∂pw apIfnte°mWv F√m hkvXp-

°fpw k¶¬]ßfpw ]cnWan°pIsb∂pw AXpsIm-≠pXs∂

G‰hpw Xmgv∂ _lpssZhk¶¬]Øn¬ \n∂pw ssZhhnizm-

kØns‚ G‰hpw ]ptcmKan® cq]amb GIssZhhnizmk-Øn-

te°mWv ssZhhnizmkØnse ]cnWmaw \S∂n´p≈Xv F-∂p-

amWv ùXnIhmZnIfpsS ssZhhnizmkØns‚ ]cnWma Nc-n-

{X-hnhcWw.

]Xns\´mw \q‰m≠ns‚ A¥yZnibn¬ shfn®wI≠ Bcy-

tKm{XßfpsS Ncn{XsØ∏‰nbp≈ kwhmZßtfmsSbmWv "aX-

hnizmkØns‚ D¬]Ønsbbpw ]cnWmasØbpwIpdn® ]-T-

\w' F∂ kzX{¥ imkv{XimJ cq]wsIm≠Xv. {]m]©nI

{]Xn`mkßƒ°v aq¿Øcq]w \¬InbXns‚ êambn tZh-

≥amcpw ]n∂oSv tZh≥amcpsS tZh\mb GIssZhsØbpw a-

\pjy¿ k¶¬]n®psh∂mbncp∂p BZy\nKa\ßƒ.

F∂m¬ B{^n°bnsebpw Atacn°bnsebpw BZnhmkn-

32


IfpsS hnizmksØ∏‰nbp≈ ]T\w ̀ qXmcm[\m k{ºZmbam-

Wv ssZhhnizmkØns‚ {]mIvcq]sa∂ hmZsØ ASnhc-bn´p-

sIm≠v 1851¬ s^‰njkw (Fetishism) F∂ kn≤m¥w

ssZhhnizmkØns‚ ]cnWmaNcn{XhnhcWhpambn cwKØp-

h∂p.

]n∂oSv ]nXrcm[m\bn¬ \n∂mWv ssZhhnizmkw DSseSp-

ØsX∂ kn≤m¥hpambn "am\nk'hpw (Manism) am\nk-Øn-

s‚ ASnØdbn¬ \n∂psIm≠v, ]nXm°fpsS t{]Xßsf {]o-

Xns∏SpØp∂XneqsS ]eXpw t\SnsbSp°msa∂ hnizm-k-Øn-

¬ \n∂pw D¬`qXamb "t{]Xmcm[\m kn≤m¥'hpw ssZ-hh-n-

izmkØns‚ ]cnWmaØnse {]Yacq]ambn hniZo-I-cn°s∏´p.

{]]©Ønse kIehkvXp°ƒ°pw Bflmhpw t_m[-hp-

ap-s≠∂ hnizmkØn¬\n∂pw DSseSpØ, ]q¿-Δ]n-Xm-°sf-

bpw hr£eXmZnIsfbpw Bcm[n°p∂ k{ºZmbØn¬ \n∂m-

Wv ssZhhnizmkw cq]wsIm≠sX∂ \nKa\w apt∂m´psh®

"B-\nank'hpw D]cnaWvUeØnse tPymXn¿tKmfßtfmSp≈

`-‡ymZcßfpw {]IrXn{]Xn`mkßsf∏‰nbp≈ `bØn¬ \n-

∂pw DSseSpØ {]IrXn]qPbn¬ \n∂mWv ssZhhnizmkw DS-

seSpØsX∂p \nKa\n°p∂ "tPymXn¿tKmf˛{]IrXn]p-cm-W'-

sa∂ XXzhpw ssZhhnizmkØns‚ D¬]Ønsb hn-i-Zo-I-cn®p.

am\hkaqlØns‚ {]YaPohnXL´Øn¬ hnhn[ hkvXp-

°-fpambpw PohnIfpambp≈ \nc¥c_‘w Ahsb hμn-°p-

hm-\pw Bcm[n°phm\pw a\pjys\ t{]cn∏n°pIbpw AXp

]n-∂oSv ssZhhnizmkØnte°v FØnt®cpIbmbncp∂p F-∂p-

hniZoIcn®psIm≠v "KWNn” kn≤m¥'hpw, BZyIme C-{μ-

Pme {]h¿Ø\ßƒ a\pjy\n¬ Znhyi‡nsb∏‰nbp≈ t_m-

[ap≠m°pIbpw B t_m[w Bflobi‡nIfpsS cq]-w]-q≠v

ssZhßfmbn Xo¿∂p F∂p≈ "{]o B\nank' ImeL´sØ-

°pdn®p≈ kn≤m¥ßfpw, sshcp≤yhmZØns‚ ASnØdbn¬

\n∂psIm≠v Imƒam¿Ivkpw aXhnizmkØns‚bpw ssZh-hn-

izmkØns‚bpw D¬]Ønbpw ]cnWmahpw hniZoIcn®p.

`uXnIhmZØns‚ AfhptImepIfp]tbmKn®v ssZhhnizm-

33


kØns‚ Ncn{Xw hniZoIcn® Cu kn≤m¥ßsf√mw sN-s∂-

Øn \n∂Xv, _lpssZhhnizmkØn¬ \n∂pw G-I-ssZ-h-

hnizmkØnte°mbncp∂p ssZhhnizmkØns‚ Ncn{X-]-cn-Wm-

aw F∂ ImgvN∏mSnembncp∂p.

F∂m¬ Ccp]Xmw \q‰m≠ns‚ XpS°Øn¬ \S∂ D¬J-

\\ KthjWßƒ Cu XXzßfpsSsb√mw ASnØd XI¿°p-

∂ KthjW ̂ eßfmWv ]pdØpsIm≠ph∂Xv. a\pjy-¿-°n-

Sbn¬ _lpssZh k¶¬]w \msºSp°p∂Xn\pw F{Xtbm

ap≥]pXs∂ ip≤amb GIssZhhnizmkw Ahcn¬ \ne\n∂n-

cp∂p F∂ hkvXpXbnte°mWv ]pcmhkvXp KthjWØnse

hnπhIcamb apt∂‰w FØn\n∂Xv. BZnaa\pjycpsS hn-izm-

kßfnepw BNmcßfnepw GIssZhhnizmk-Øn-te-°p-≈ \n-

Ka\ßf√msX, _lpssZhk¶¬]Øns‚ Hcp sN-dp-em-Rv-P-

\bnte°p≈ kqN\t]mepw, Ccp]Xmw \q‰m≠ns‚ XpS°-

Øn¬ \S∂ D¬J\\ KthjW]T\ßƒ \¬Inbns√∂ hkv-

XpX hnb∂ bqWnthgvkn‰n s{]m^kdmbncp∂ hneyw jnan‰v

(william schimidt) Nq≠n°mWn°p∂p.

""\chwiimkv{XØns‚ km{amPyØn¬ ]gb ]cnWma-

hmZ-anXm ]m∏cmbncn°p∂p. henb Hcp°tØmSpIqSn B {]-

ÿm-\w \q‰p≠m°nb at\mlchpw kpZo¿Lhpamb \qengIƒ

]p-Xnb Ncn{Xkm£yßfpsS shfn®Øn¬ hna¿i\ZrjvSym

s]m-´nØI¿∂p Iogvta¬ adn™ncn°p∂p.''

""AXn]pcmX\amb am\hkwkvImcßfnse ]cmi‡n G-

IssZhmZ¿iØnep≈ km£m¬ ssZhw Xs∂bmbncp∂p.

Ahbpƒs°m≈p∂ aXtam, ip≤amb GIssZhXz-Øn-e-[n-jv-

TnXamb aXhpw. Hcp ]‰w {KŸImc≥amcpsS i‡naØmb

FXn¿∏n\p ]m{Xamb Hcp hnjbamWnXv. B FXn¿∏ns\ C∂v

\ap°v t\cnSm≥ Ignbpw. km£m¬ GIssZ-hk¶-¬]-Øn-ep-

≈ ]cmi‡nbpsS kz`mhw Xs∂bmWv AXn{]m‡\ tKm-{X-

h¿Kßfn¬ \s√mcp hn`mKØns‚ ssZhØn\p≈sX∂v Hcp

D]cnπh ho£WØn¬t]mepw hy‡amIpw. \ap°dnbmhp∂

an° am\htKm{XßfpsSbpw ÿnXn Aßs\bmWv. AXp-{]-

34


Imcw ]pcmX\ IncmXh¿KßfneqsS shfn®Øph∂ ÿn-

XnK-XnIsfbpw Ip¿Wmbn (kurnai), Pqen≥ (julin), sX°pIn-

g°≥ Hmkvt{Senbbnse bqbn≥ (yuin) F∂o h¿KßfpsS

Ncn{X-h-kvXpXIsfbpw kw_‘n® ]T\w CtX\nK-a\-Øn-

emWv \sΩ FØn°p∂Xv. tImcymIvkv (koryaks) A√mØ

{[phkwkv-Im-ch¿KßfpsS ]mcºcymhinjvSßfpw hSt°

Atacn°bnse {]mNo\h¿KßfpsS aXk¶¬]ßsf°pdn®

]T\hpw Ah-km\w Cu \nKa\ØnemsWØn°p∂Xv.''(1)

]pcmX\ CuPn]vXnse Im∏ncnh¿KßfpsS aXhnizmkß-

sf kw_‘n® ]T\ßfpw A¥naambn GIssZhØne[njvTn-

Xamb aXk¶¬]amWv Ah¿°nSbn¬ \ne\n∂ncp∂sX∂

\nKa\ßfnte°mWv hnc¬ Nq≠p∂sX∂v {]kn≤ CuPn]vjy-

≥ ]pcmhkvXp KthjI\mb tUmIvSIv _UvPn (budge)bpsS

hm°pIƒ auem\ A_vZp¬Iemw BkmZv Xs‚ {]kn≤amb

X¿Ppam\p¬ Izp¿B≥ F∂ IrXnbn¬ tcJs∏SpØp∂p≠v.

bq{^´okv, ssS{Kokv XmgvhcIfnse ]q¿hnI P\h¿Kßfm-

b kptacnb≥kpw A°mUnb≥ P\Xbpw A\izchpw A\m-

Znbpamb Hcp kØbn¬ hnizkn®ncp∂Xmbpw X¿Ppam\p¬

Izp¿B\n¬ BkmZv Nq≠n°mWn°p∂p.

B{^n°≥ BZnhmknIfmb kpep(zulu)Iƒ {]mNo\ \c-

h¿Kßfn¬ \ne\n∂ncp∂ GIssZhhnizmkØnte°p≈ Nq-

≠phncepIfmsW∂v {]kn≤ CkvemanI {]h¿ØI\mb A-

laZv ZoZmØ FSpØp]d™n´p≠v.(2) . kmw_kn \ZnbpsS sX-

°p`mKØv Xmakn°p∂ BZnhmkn tKm{Xßfmb SnIv-

tkm(tixo)bpw tamUntam(modimo)bpsa√mw Xs∂ {]m-No-\h¿-

Kßfn¬ \ne\n∂ncp∂ GIssZhhnizmkØns‚ Ncn-{Xkm-

£yßfmWv.(3)

{InkvXphn\v c≠mbncØnA™qdv h¿jßƒ°pap≥]v

]©m_nse kaXe{]tZiØv \ne\n∂ncp∂ kn‘p\ZoXS

kwkvImcsØ kw_‘n® ]T\ßfpw, Bcym[n\nthiØn\v

ap≥]v saml≥sPmZmtcmhnepw lmc∏bnepw Pohn®ncp∂ P\-

hn`mKßƒ GIssZhhnizmknIfmbncp∂p F∂ \n-Ka-\-ß-

35


fnemWv FØn\n¬°p∂Xv.

kn‘p\ZoXS kwkvImcsØ kw_‘n®v D¬J\\ Kth-

jW ]T\ßƒ \¬Ip∂ \nKa\ßsf ]‰n {]K¬` Ncn-{X-K-

thjI\mb tUm. F.Un ]pk¬°m¿ FgpXp∂p. ""kwibc-

lnXambn Aºesa∂v KWn°mhp∂ bmsXmcp FSp∏pIfpw

kn‘p\ZoXSØn¬ \n∂v CXphsc Is≠Øm≥ Ign™nń√.

Aßs\ IW°m°s∏´ sIńSßfn¬ Xs∂ aX]camb

{]XnjvTIsfm∂pw Xs∂bn√. hn{Klßtfm AƒØmcItfm

a‰p hy‡amb Bcm[yhkvXp°tfm H∂pw Ahbnen√. ]p-

cmX\ \mKcnIXIfn¬ aXØn\v Ft∏mgpw {]apJ-ÿm-\-ap-

≠mbncp∂n´pw Imeßtfmfw `mcXØnse P\ßfpsS Po-hn-

XsØ kmcambn kzm[o\n°pIbpw cq]s∏SpØpIbpw sNbvX

{][m\LSIw aXambncp∂n´pw kn‘p\ZoXSØn¬ \n∂pw bm-

sXmcp Bcm[yhkvXp°fpw Inńbnńs√∂Xv \n›bambpw hn-

Nn{XamWv.'' (a.d. pusalkar : the history and culture of indianpeople vol-1 page-186 )(4)

kn‘p\ZoXS kwkvImcw am{Xa√ {]mNo\amb H´pan°

\mKcnIXIfpw kwkvIrXnIfpw GIssZhhnizmkØne[n-

jvTnXambncp∂p F∂ D¬J\\ KthjWêßfn¬ bm-sXm-

cp sshNn{Xhpw Z¿in°m\n√. a\pjys‚ {]IrXnbpsS tXám-

Wv GIssZhhnizmkw. _mlykΩ¿±ßfpw t{]cI-ß-fpamWv

a\pjys\ ip≤amb GIssZhhnizmkØn¬\n∂pw _lpssZ-

hhnizmkØnte°v hyXnNen∏n°p∂Xv. ̀ qanbnte°v ]d∂pho-

gp∂ Hmtcm a\pjy\pw ip≤{]IrXnbn¬ AYhm GIssZ-h-

hnizmkØnemWv P\n°p∂Xv. aplΩZv \_n (k) ]d™p :

""ip≤{]IrXntbmsSbmWv F√m Ip™pßfpw P\n°p∂Xv.

Ahs‚ amXm]nXm°fmWv Ahs\ blqZt\m, ss{IkvXht\m,

A·nbmcm[It\m B°p∂Xv.''(5)

a\pjys‚bpw a\pjy\mKcnIXIfpsSbpw BZnamhÿ

ip≤amb GIssZhhnizmkØne[njvTnXambncp∂p. a\p-jy-

\n¬ {]IrXym D≈ hyXnbm\XzcbpsS ̂ eamWv _lpssZ-h-

hn-izmkw. ssZhhnizmkØns‚ D¬]Ønbpw ]cn-Wmahpat\z-

36


jn°p∂h¿°v ap∂n¬ Ckvemw hc®pImWn°p∂ Ncn{Xbm-

Ym¿∞yw CXmWv. ÿm]nXXm¬]cyßƒ am‰nsh®v ssZhhn-

izmkNcn{Xw tXSp∂h¿°v hs∂Øm\p≈ CShpw CXpXs∂.

Ipdn∏pIƒ

1. Ckvemw; hnizmkZ¿i\w, bphX.

2. Ibid.

3. Ibid.

4. Ibid.

5. _pJmcn

37


F¥mWv _lpssZhhnizmkw

H∂ne[nIw ssZhßfn¬ hnizkn°pI F∂XmWv _lp-

ssZhXzw sIm≠v km[mcW hnh£n°s∏Smdv. B cq]-Ønep-

≈ ssZhhnizmkw sh®p]pe¿Øp∂ kaqlßƒ F∂pw

Ncn{XØnep≠mbn´p≠v; C∂pw \ne\n¬°p∂p. Xpey{]Xm]-

hpw Xpeyi‡nbpap≈ ssZhßfn¬ Htckabw hnizkn°p-

∂h¿ am{Xa√ Ckvemans‚ ̀ mjbn¬ _lpssZhhnizmknIƒ.

AYhm Cu alm{]]©sØ krjvSn°pIbpw kwhn[m\n-

°pIbpw \nb{¥n°pIbpw sNøp∂ ]cmi‡nbmWv ssZhw

F∂phnizkn®XpsIm≠pam{Xw GIssZhhnizmkw ]q¿Wam-

Ip∂n√. ZnhyXzØns‚ F√m khntijXIfpw AhIm-im-

[nImcßfpw {kjvSmhn\pam{Xw AhImis∏´XmsW∂pw

a‰m¿°pw AXn¬ bmsXmcphn[ AhImihpw ehtei-an-s√-

∂pw IqSn hnizkn°ptºmƒ am{XamWv Ckvemw hn`mh\w sN-

øp∂ GIssZhhnizmkw ]q¿WamhpIbp≈q. hnip≤ Izp-¿-

B≥ ]dbp∂p :

""\nßfpsS ssZhw GIssZhw am{XamIp∂p. Ah\√msX

bmsXmcp ssZhhpan√. Ah≥ ]caImcpWnI\pw IcpWm-\n-

[nbpas{X. BImi`qanIfpsS krjvSn∏nepw, cm]IepIfpsS

am‰Ønepw, a\pjy¿°v D]Imcap≈ hkvXp°fpambn ISen-

38


eqsS k©cn°p∂ I∏enepw, BImiØv \n∂v A√mlp ag

sNmcn™pX∂n´v \n¿PohmhkvYbv°p tijw `qan°v AXp

aptJ\ Poh≥ \¬InbXnepw, `qanbn¬ F√mXcw P¥p-h-¿-K-

ßsfbpw hym]n∏n®Xnepw, Im‰pIfpsS KXn{Ia-Ønepw, B-

Imi`qanIƒ°nSbneqsS \nb{¥n®v \bn°s∏Sp∂ ta-L-Øn-

epw Nn¥n°p∂ P\ßƒ°v ]e ZrjvSm¥ßfpap≠v; Xo¿®.''

{]]©Ønse, sNdpsXt∂m hepsXt∂m hyXymkan√msX

kIe hkvXp°sfbpw Nqgv∂p\n¬°p∂ hnkvabIcamb hy-

hÿbnte°v hnc¬ Nq≠ns°m≠mWv {]]©{kjvSmhns‚

A\ntj[yamb AkvXnXzØnte°v a\pjys‚ Aht_m[-sØ

hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ £Wn°p∂Xv. B Aht_m[w ssZhsØ

Adnbp∂Xnte°v am{Xa√ Ahs‚ kºq¿Wamb GIXzsØ

kzoIcn°p∂Xnte°pw a\pjys\ {]m]vX\m°Ww. AXp-sIm-

≠mWv {]]©]T\ØneqsS a\pjy≥ I≠dnbp∂ ssZ-h-Øn-

s‚ AkvXnXztØmsSm∏w Ahs‚ GIXzhpw hnip≤ Izp-¿-

B≥ Nq≠n°mWn°p∂Xv.

""cmhns\ Ah≥ ]Ien¬ {]thin∏n°p∂p. ]Iens\ cm-

hnepw {]thin∏n°p∂p. kqcys\bpw N{μs\bpw Ah≥ (Xs‚

\nbaØn\v) hnt[bam°pIbpw sNbvXncn°p∂p. Ahtbm-tcm-

∂pw \nivNnXamb Hcp ]cn[n hsc k©cn°p∂p. Aßs\-bp-

≈h\mIp∂p \nßfpsS c£nXmhmb A√mlp. Ah∂m-Ip∂p

B[n]Xyw. Ah\p ]pdsa BtcmSv \nßƒ {]m¿XvYn-°p∂pthm

Ah¿ Hcp Cu¥∏g°pcphns‚ ]mSt]mepw DSa-s∏-SpØp∂n√.''

(35 : 13)

""\nßƒ°v th≠n ̀ qansb saØbpw BImisØ ta¬]pc-

bpam°nØcnIbpw BImiØv \n∂v sh≈w sNmcn™pX∂n v́

AXv aptJ\ \nßƒ°v ̀ £n°phm\p≈ ImbvI\nIƒ D¬]m-

Zn∏n®p XcnIbpw sNbvX ( \mYs\ )(\nßƒ Bcm[n°p-I).

AXn\m¬ ( CsX√mw ) Adn™psIm≠v \nßƒ A√mlphn\v

ka≥amsc D≠m°cpXv.'' (2 : 22)

""\o ]dbpI: c≠pZnhk(L´)ßfnembn ̀ qansb krjvSn®-

h\n¬ \nßƒ Ahnizkn°pIbpw Ah∂v \nßƒ ka≥amsc

39


kvYm]n°pIbpw Xs∂bmtWm sNøp∂Xv? Ah\mIp∂p tem-

IßfpsS c£nXmhv. AXn¬ (`qanbn¬) ̨ AXns‚ D]cn-̀ mKØv

˛ Dd®p\n¬°p∂ ]¿ΔXßƒ Ah≥ kvYm]n-°pIbpw AXn¬

A`nhr≤nbp≠m°pIbpw, AXnse Blm-cßƒ A-hnsS

hyhkvYs∏SpØnsh°pIbpw sNbvXncn°p∂p. \mep Zn-hk-

(L´)ßfnembn´mWv (Ah\Xv sNbvXXv.) Bh-iy-s∏S-p-

∂h¿°v th≠n icnbmb A\p]mXØn¬'' (41 : 9˛10)

""Hscm‰ AkvXnXzØn¬ \n∂v Ah≥ \nßsf krjvSn®p.

]n-∂oSv AXn¬ \n∂v AXns‚ CWsbbpw Ah≥ D≠m°n.

I∂pImenIfn¬ \n∂v F´p tPmSnIsfbpw Ah≥ \nßƒ°v

Cd°nX∂p. \nßfpsS amXm°fpsS hbdpIfn¬ \nßsf A-

h≥ krjvSn°p∂p. aq∂v Xcw A‘Imcßƒ°p≈n¬ kr-jvSn-

bpsS Hcp L´Øn\v tijw as‰mcp L´ambns°m≠v. A-ß-

s\bp≈h\mIp∂p \nßfpsS c£nXmhmb A√mlp. Ah-

∂mWv B[n]Xyw. Ah\√msX bmsXmcp ssZhhpan√. F-∂n-

cns° \nßƒ Fßs\bmWv (kXyØn¬ \n∂v) sX-‰n-°-s∏Sp-

∂Xv ?'' (39 : 6)

""A√mlphmIp∂p \nßƒ°p th≠n cm{Xnsb im¥ambn

hkn°m≥ X°hÆhpw, ]Iens\ shfn®ap≈Xpw B°n-b-

h≥. Xo¿®bmbpw A√mlp P\ßtfmSv HuZmcyap≈h\mIp∂p.

]s£ a\pjycn¬ A[nIt]cpw \μnImWn°p∂n√. A-h-\m-

Ip∂p \nßfpsS c£nXmhpw F√m hkvXp°fpsSbpw kr-jv-

SnI¿Ømhpamb A√mlp. Ah\√msX bmsXmcp ssZhhpan√.

F∂ncns° \nßƒ Fßs\bmWv (k≥am¿KØn¬ \n∂v)

sX‰n°s∏Sp∂Xv ?'' (40 : 61˛62)

""( \_ntb, ) ]dbpI: A√mlphn\v kvXpXn. Ah≥ sX-c-

s™SpØ Ahs‚ Zmk≥am¿°v kam[m\w. A√mlphmtWm

DØa≥; AX√, (Aht\mSv) Ah¿ ]¶ptN¿°p∂htbm ?

AYhm, BImißfpw ̀ qanbpw krjvSn°pIbpw \nßƒ°v

BImiØv \n∂v sh≈w sNmcn™pXcnIbpw sNbvXht\m?

(AtXm AhcpsS ssZhßtfm !) F∂n´v AXv (sh≈w) aqew

IuXpIap≈ Nne tXm´ßƒ \mw apf∏n®p≠m°nØcnIbpw

40


sNbvXp. Ahbnse hr£ßƒ apf∏n°phm≥ \nßƒ°v I-gn-

bpambncp∂n√. A√mlpthmsSm∏w thsd h√ ssZhhpapt≠m?

-A√, Ah¿ hyXnNen®p t]mIp∂ Hcp P\XbmIp∂p.

AYhm, `qansb \nhmktbmKyam°pIbpw, AXn\nSbn¬

\ZnIfp≠m°pIbpw, AXn\v Dd∏v \¬Ip∂ ]¿ΔXßƒ D-

≠m°pIbpw, c≠pXcw Pemibßƒ°nSbn¬ Hcp XS w D-

≠m°pIbpw sNbvXht\m ? (AtXm AhcpsS ssZhßtfm?)

-A√mlpthmsSm∏w a‰p h√ ssZhhpapt≠m ? A√, Ahcn¬

A-[nIt]cpw Adnbp∂n√.

AYhm, IjvSs∏´h≥ hnfn®p {]m¿XvYn®m¬ Ah∂p

DØcw \¬IpIbpw hnjaw \o°nsImSp°pIbpw, \nßsf `q-

anbn¬ {]Xn\n[nIfm°pIbpw sNøp∂ht\m (AX√, AhcpsS

ssZhßtfm ?) A√mlpthmsSm∏w thsd h√ ssZ-h-hpapt≠m

? Ipd®v am{Xta \nßƒ BtemNn®v a\ nem°p-∂p≈q.

AYhm Icbnsebpw ISensebpw A‘Imcßfn¬ \n-

ßƒ°v hgn ImWn°pIbpw, Xs‚ ImcpWyØn\v apºn¬ k-

t¥mjkqNIambn Im‰pIƒ Ab°pIbpw sNøp∂ht\m ?

(AX√, \nßfpsS ssZhßtfm ?) A√mlpthmsSm∏w a‰p h√

ssZhhpapt≠m ? Ah¿ ]¶ptN¿°p∂Xns\√mw A√mlp A-

XoX\mbncn°p∂p.

AYhm, krjvSn Bcw`n°pIbpw ]n∂oSv AXv Bh¿-Øn-

°pIbpw, BImiØp \n∂pw `qanbn¬ \n∂pw \nßƒ°v D]-

Poh\w \¬IpIbpw sNøp∂ht\m ? (AX√, AhcpsS ssZ-h-

ßtfm ?) A√mlpthmsSm∏w thsd h√ ssZhhpapt≠m ? (

\_ntb, ) ]dbpI: \nßƒ kXyhm≥amcmsW¶n¬ \nß-ƒ-

°p≈ sXfnhv \nßƒ sIm≠phcnI. (27 : 59˛64)

{]]©]T\ØneqsS tIhew ssZhmÿnXzsØ Xncn®-dn-

bpIam{Xa√, ssZhØns‚ GIXzw IqSn AXneqsS Xn-cn-®-dn-

bs∏SWsa∂mWv hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ Xm¬]cys∏Sp∂Xv.

{]]©{kjvSmhns‚ AÿnXzw AwKoIcn°p∂tXmsS

GIssZhhnizmkw ]q¿Wamhp∂ns√∂pw ̀ mKnIw am{Xta B-

41


Ip∂p≈q F∂pw ]d™pht√m ? ZnhyXzØns‚ kIekhn-

tijXIfpw AhImim[nImcßfpw {kjvSmhn\pam{Xw A-h-

Imis∏´XmsW∂pw a‰m¿°pw AXn¬ bmsXmcp ]¶pan-

s√∂pw IqSn hnizkn°ptºmgmWv GIssZhhnizmkw ]q¿W-

am-Ip∂Xv. ssZhØns‚ kØbntem, \maKpWhntijßfn-

tem, B \maKpWhntijßfpsS A\nhmcyXm¬]cyßfn-

tem G-sX-¶nepw Hcp hkvXphns\ ]¶ptN¿°p∂Xns\bmWv

_-lp-ssZ-hXzw F∂XpsIm≠v Ckvemw hnh£n°p∂Xv.

in¿°v F-∂m-Wv Ckveman¬ AXns‚ kmt¶XnI`mjyw.

(F) ssZhØns‚ kØbpambn _‘s∏´ _lpssZ-hXz-

Øns‚ hnhn[ cq]ßƒ

ssZhØn\v kaPmXnsb KWn°pI, ssZhnIkØbpsS

k-hntijXIƒ ssZthXc≥am¿°ps≠∂v k¶¬]n°pI,

ssZhØn\v ]nXmthm, ]p{Xt\m, amXmthm t]mep≈ Ahÿ

I¬]n°pI, ssZhw as‰mckvXnXzambn tN¿∂v BImcw ]q-

≠Xmbn k¶¬]n°pI, ssZhmhXmc k¶¬]ßfn¬ hniz-

kn°pI Chsb√mw Xs∂ ssZhØns‚ kØbpambn _‘-

s∏´ _lpssZhhnizmkØns‚ (in¿°ns‚) cq]t`ZßfmWv.

GIssZhhnizmkØns‚ emRvP\t]mepw AØcw k¶¬-]-

ßfpw hnizmkßfpw sh®p]pe¿Øp∂h¿°v Xo¿Øpw \ntj-

[n°s∏Sp∂p.

(_n) ssZhØns‚ \maKpWhntijWßfpambn _‘s∏´

_lpssZhXzcq]ßƒ

ssZhØns‚ \maKpWhntijWßƒ GX¿∞Øn-

emtWm Ah\nep≈Xv AtX A¿∞Øn¬ a‰p≈hcnepw

Ds≠∂v k-¶¬]n°pI. _lpssZhhnizmknIƒ ]et∏mgpw

alm-flm-°sf hnfn®p{]m¿∞n°p∂Xpw Ah¿°v Bcm[\I-

f¿∏n-°p-∂Xpw Ahsc√mw Xs∂ k¿hi‡cmb km£m¬

ssZhßfmWv F-∂ hnizmkØne√. adn®v XßfpsS clky-

ßƒ Adnbm\pw D]Imtcm]{Zhßƒ sNøm\pw Ignbpw F∂

\nebnemWv. C-{]Imcw ssZhØn\pam{Xap≈ {]tXyIamb

KpW-hn-tijW-ßƒ A]c≥am¿°v k¶¬]n°ptºmƒ

42


êØn¬, GIssZh-kXzbn¬ hnizkn®m¬ Xs∂bpw

AØc°m¿ _lpssZh-hn-izmkØnemWv \nesIm≈p∂Xv

F∂mWv Ckvemw ]Tn∏n-°p-∂Xv. ssZh\maßsf√mw Xs∂

Ahs‚ KpWhntijW-ß-fn¬ \n∂mbXpsIm≠v ssZhØn-

s‚ GsX¶nepw KpWhnti-jWØn¬ A]c≥amsc ]¶ptN¿-

Øm¬ AXv ssZh\maßfn-ep≈ ]¶ptN¿°embn amdp∂p.

ImcWw ssZh\maßsf√mw Xs∂ Bibßsf kqNn∏n-

°p∂p F∂Xns\ ]cnKWn®m¬ Ah hntijWß-fpam-

bncn°pw.

(kn) ssZh\maKpWhntijWßfpsS A\nhmcy Xm¬-]-

cyßfpambn _‘s∏´ _lpssZhXz cq]ßƒ

_lpssZhXzØns‚ aq∂masØ cq]amWnXv. ssZhnI-

\maKpWhntijWßfpsS A\nhmcy Xm¬]cyambn hcp∂

AhImim[nImcßƒ ssZthX¿°v hIsh®v sImSp°ptºmƒ

AXpw _lpssZhhnizmkØn¬ Dƒs∏´ {]hrØnbmbmWv

Ckvemw IW°m°p∂Xv. Bcm[\Ifpw {]m¿∞\Ifpw ]q-

PIfpw hgn]mSpIfpsa√mw ssZhØns‚ am{Xw AhIm-im-[n-

Imcßfn¬s∏´XmWv. Ahs‚ \maKpWhntijWßfpsS

A\nhmcyamb Xm¬]cyßfmWh. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ Ah

Ah\pam{Xw ka¿∏n°s∏SWw. a‰pffh¿°v AXv hIsh®p

sImSpØm¬ êØn¬ Ahsc ZnhyXz]Zhnbnte°v Db-¿-

ØemIpw. ssZhØn\pw a\pjy\panSbn¬ a[yÿscbpw ip-

]m¿iIscbpw k¶¬]n°¬ _lpssZhhnizmkØn¬s∏´ {]-

hrØnIfmbn amdp∂Xns‚ ImcWaXmWv.

Cu aq∂v cq]t`Zßfn¬ GXp cq]Ønembmepw _lpssZh-

Xzw êØn¬ ssZhØns‚ ]cnip≤n°pw alXzØn\pw

AhImim[nImcßƒ°psaXnscbp≈ A{IaamWv. hnip≤

Izp¿B≥ ]d™p :

""Xo¿®bmbpw _lpssZhXzw henb A{Iaw Xs∂bm-Ip-

∂p.'' (31 : 13)

AXpsIm≠pXs∂ _lpssZhhnizmksØ Ckvemw A-

43


tßb‰w henb ]mXIambn ImWp∂p.

""Xt∂mSv ]¶ptN¿°s∏SpI F∂Xv A√mlp s]mdp°pI-

bn√; Xo¿®. AsXmgn®p≈Xv Ah≥ Dt±in°p∂h¿°v Ah≥

s]mdpØpsImSp°p∂XmWv. B¿ A√mlpthmSv ]¶ptN¿°p-

∂pthm Ah≥ _lpZqcw ]ng®p t]mbncn°p∂p.'' (4 : 116)

""Xo¿®bmbpw \n\°pw \ns‚ apºp≈h¿°pw ktμiw \¬-

Is∏´n´p≈Xv CXs{X: (A√mlphn\v ) \o ]¶mfnsb tN¿-°p-

∂ ]£w Xo¿®bmbpw \ns‚ I¿Ωw \njv̂ -e-am-bn-t∏m-Ip-Ibpw

Xo¿®bmbpw \o \jvS°mcpsS Iq´Øn¬ BI-p-I-bpw sNøpw.''

(39 : 65)

""AsX, A√mlpthmsSm∏w thsd ssZhsØ kvYm]n® G-

sXmcphs\bpw. AXn\m¬ ITn\amb in£bn¬ Ahs\ \n-

ßƒ Ct´°pI.'' (50 : 26)

""A√mlpthmsSm∏w as‰mcp ssZhsØbpw \o kvYm]n°-

cpXv. F¶n¬ A]am\nX\pw Isømgn°s∏´h\pambn \o Ccn-

t°≠n hcpw.'' (17 : 22)

""a¿bans‚ aI≥ akolv Xs∂bmWv A√mlp F∂v ]d™-

h¿ Xo¿®bmbpw AhnizmknIfmbncn°p∂p. F∂m¬ akolv

]d™Xv; C{kmbo¬ k¥XnItf, Fs‚bpw \nßfpsSbpw

c£nXmhmb A√mlpsh \nßƒ Bcm[n°phn≥. A√mlp-

thmSv h√h\pw ]¶ptN¿°p∂ ]£w Xo¿®bmbpw A√mlp

Ah∂v kz¿Kw \njn≤am°p∂XmWv. \cIw Ahs‚ hmkkvY-

eambncn°pIbpw sNøpw. A{IanIƒ°v klmbnIfm-bn Bcpw

Xs∂bn√. F∂mWv.'' (5 : 72)

44


_lpssZhhnizmkØns‚

{]Xnê\ßƒ

_lpssZhhnizmkw sNdpXmbn ImWmhp∂ Hcp {]iv\-a-

s√-∂pw a\pjys‚ ip≤{]IrXnbn¬\n∂pw bYm¿∞ ssZ-hhn-

izmkØn¬ \n∂pap≈ hyXnNe\amWsX∂pw \mw a\ n-em-

°n. a\pjys\ G‰hpw {]mIrXhpw sshIrXhpamb BNmcm-

\pjvTm\ßfnte°pw PohnXk{ºZmbßfnte°pw kmaq-ln-I-

ImgvN∏mSpIfnte°pw AXv hgn\SØnbXn\v Ct∂mfap≈

\chwiNcn{Xw km£nbmWv. _lpssZhhnizmkw krjv-Sn-°p-

∂ Zqjyêßsf Nq≠n°mWn®psIm≠v samØw ssZhhnizm-

ksØ Is√dnbphm≥ ]cn{ian°p∂ ùXnIhmZnIƒ Ncn{X-

tØmSv \oXn]pe¿Øp∂ns√∂XmWv hmkvXhw. kwip≤amb

GIssZhhnizmkw kmaqlnIm¥co£sØ \nb{¥n®ncp∂

\mKcnIXIfnepw kwkvIrXnIfnepw bmsXmcphn[Ønepap≈

sshIrXßfpw tæOXIfpw \ne\n∂ncp∂Xmbn Nq≠n°mWn-

°phm≥ \chwiNcn{XsØ ]T\hnt[bam°nb Hscm‰ ù-

XnIhmZn°pw km[yas√∂XmWv hkvXpX. AXp a\- n-em-

°m≥ a\pjy\mKcnIXIfpsS Ncn{Xw tXSn h√msX ]ndtIm v́

k©cn°Wsa∂n√. _lpssZhhnizmkØns‚ F√m Zq-jy-

XIfpw \ne\n∂ncp∂ Bdmw \q‰m≠nse Atd_y≥ P\Xbp-

45


sS Ncn{Xhpw ]cnWmahpw am{Xw a\ ncpØn AhtemI\w

sNbvXm¬ am{XwaXn. ip≤amb GIssZhhnizmkØnte°v

£Wn®psIm≠v aplΩZv \_n (k) IS∂ph∂ Atd_ybp-sS-

bpw AXn\papºp≠mbncp∂ Atd_ybpsSbpw Ncn{Xw am{Xw

]T\hnt[bam°nbm¬ aXn; GIssZhhnizmkw kaqlØn\v

{][m\w sNbvX kZvêßfpw _lpssZhhnizmkw kaql-

Øn¬ krjvSn® Zqjyêßfpw th¿Xncn®p a\ nem°m≥.

Bdmw \q‰m≠nse Atd_y Ccpfns‚ IcmfX k¿-Δm-[n]-

Xyw hmWncp∂ {]tZiambncp∂p. B ImeL´Ønse \mKcnI

am\ZWvUa\pkcn®v \mKcnIX kn≤n® tZißƒ°nSbn¬

Atd_y H‰s∏´p InS°pIbmbncp∂p. AhnsS ]mTimeItfm

{KŸmebßtfm D≠mbncp∂n√. P\ßfn¬ hnZym`ymkhm-

k\tbm Xm¬]cytam \ne\n∂ncp∂n√. FgpXm\pw hmbn°m-

\pw Adnbmhp∂h¿ AwKpeo]cnanXambncp∂p. kmwkvImcnI

\mKcnIXbn¬ AhcpsS \nehmcw Atßb‰w A[xÿn-Xam-

bncp∂p. AhcpsS BNmchnNmcßƒ ImSØhpw A⁄Xbpw

Ie¿∂Xmbncp∂p. AhcpsS kZmNmck¶¬]ßƒ F{Xta¬

a\pjyXzlo\hpw bp‡nhncp≤hpambncp∂p. C∂v \mw {]mIr-

Xsa∂pw arKobsa∂pw ]dbp∂ Imcyßƒ Ah¿°nSbn¬ k¿-

Δkm[mcWambncp∂p. C∂p \mw shdp°pIbpw Adbv°p-I-

bpw sNøp∂ {]hrØnIƒ A∂sØ AhcpsS [m¿anI \o-Xn-

bmbncp∂p.

Atd_ybpsS cmjv{SobcwKamIs´ AXy¥w timN\obam-

bncp∂p. AhnsS Hcp hyhÿm]nX `cWIqStam \nbaN´ß-

tfm D≠mbncp∂n√. tKm{Xm[n]Xyw kmaqlnIm¥co£sØ

\nb{¥n® AhnsS Iøq°p≈h≥ Imcy°mc\mbncp∂p. Hmtcm

tKm{Xßfpw k¿ΔX{¥ kzX{¥cpw ssIcmXnI \nbam\p-h-¿-

ØnIfpambncp∂p. Zp¿_e≥am¿ \n¿Zbw h[n°s∏ńcp∂p.

kzm[o\an√mØhcpsS [\w \n¿Zm£nWyw Ih¿® sN-ø-s∏-

ńcp∂p. kztKm{X°mc\√mØh≥ F¥n\v sIm√s∏SmXn-cn°-

Wsat∂m Ahs‚ [\w F¥n\v ]nSn®p]dn°s∏Sm-Xncn°W-

sat∂m A∂sØ ImS≥ Ad_nIƒ°v a\ nem°pI {]bmk-

Icambncp∂p.

46


kZmNmcsØbpw kwkvImcsØbpw ]cnjv°mcsØbpw

]‰nbp≈ AhcpsS [mcWIƒ A]lmkyhpw \nμyhpambncp-

-∂p. \ymbm\ymb hyXymksØ∏‰nbpw k¬kz`mh˛Zpxkz`mh

hnthN\sØ kw_‘n®pw Ah¿ {]mtbW A]cnNnXcm-

bncp∂p. AhcpsS kmaqlnIm¥co£w, aeoakamb PohnXhpw

Po¿Wn® kwkvImchpw IncmXamb am¿Kßfpw sIm≠v izmkw-

ap-́ p∂Xmbncp∂p. hy`nNmcw, NqXm´w, aZy]m\w, sIme, sIm≈,

tamjWw, c‡s®mcn®n¬ F∂nh AhnsS \nXykw`hßfm-

bn-cp∂p. [m¿anIaqeyßƒ AhnsS Im‰n¬ ]dØs∏ńcp∂p.

\n¿e÷w s]mXpCSßn¬ \·\mbn \S°m≥ Ah¿°v aSn-

bn√mbncp∂p. kv{XoIƒt]mepw \·Ifmbn IAv_mebw {]-

Z£nWw sNøpambncp∂p. s]¨]ndhnsb A]iIp\ambn I-

≠ncp∂p. ]nXm°≥am¿ kz]p{Xnamsc Poht\msS Ip-gn-®p-aq-Sp-

ambncp∂p. AXn\pth≠n B s]ÏpńIsf AWn-bn-s®m-cp°n

sIm≠pt]mIpambncp∂p. kz¥w tNmcbn¬ ]nd∂ s]¨-

a°fpsS \nehnfn A¥co£w hn v́ AhcpsS lrZbßfnte°v

AebSns®Øn√mbncp∂p. ]nXmhns‚ acWtijw ]nXr-

]Xv\namsc aqØaI≥ hnhmlw sNbvXncp∂p. Hcp kv{Xo-bp-

ambn H∂ne[nIw ]pcpj≥am¿ _‘s∏SpIbpw AXn¬ P\n-

°p∂ Ip™ns‚ apJOmb t\m°n ]pcpjs\ sXcs™SpØv

hnhmlw Ign°p∂ k{ºZmbßƒ AhnsS \ne\n∂ncp∂p. t`m-

P\w, hkv{X[mcWw, ipNoIcWw BZnbmbhbpsS {]m-Y-an-

I acymZIƒt]mepw Ah¿°v \n›ban√mbncp∂p.

aXcwKØmIs´ kIe A‘hnizmkßfpw auVy[mcW-

Ifpw Ahsc {Kkn®ncp∂p. IÆn¬ ImWp∂sX√mw Ah¿°v

ssZhßfmbncp∂p. Akm[mcWcq]Øn¬ Hcp It√m

acXSntbm I≠m¬ AhcXpsIm≠pt]mbn `h\ßfn¬ {]Xn-

jvTn°pIbpw Bcm[\Iƒ \SØpIbpw sNøpambncp∂p.

F¥n\[nIw ]dbWw Ahcn¬ Nne¿ lephIƒ sIm≠v

ssZhßsf D≠m°pambncp∂p. F∂n´Xns‚ apºn¬

IpºnSpIbpw {kmjvSmwKw \an°pIbpw sNøpambncp∂p. Xß-

fpsS ZpxJßfpw thZ\Ifpw Bhiyßfpw Ah°pap∂n¬ ka-

¿∏n°pambncp∂p. hni°p∂ kabØv BssZhßsf Ah-sc-

47


SpØv `£n°pIbpw sNøpw. t{]Xßsfbpw \£{Xßsfbpw

hn{Klßsfbpw ]nimNp°sfbpw amemJamscbpw F∂pth≠

kIeXns\bpw Ah¿ Bcm[n°pambncp∂p. CXmbncp∂p

Atd_ybpsS {]hmNImKa\Øn\p apºp≠mbncp∂ Ncn{X-

kw-£n]vXw.

GIssZhhnizmkØns‚ shfn®hpambn aplΩZv \_n (k)

IS∂ph∂tXmsS Atd_ybpsS apJOmb A£cm¿∞Øn¬

am‰s∏SpIbmbncp∂p. AXphsc temIw Z¿in®n´n√mØhn-[-

Øn¬ B P\X kwkvIcn°s∏SpIbmbncp∂p. A\pIcWob-

hpw BI¿jWobhpamb hy‡nXzßfmbn Atd_y≥ P\X

cq]am‰s∏SpIbmbncp∂p. Cu Ncn{XbmYm¿∞ysØ∏‰n hnip-

≤ Izp¿B≥ ]dbp∂p :

""Xo¿®bmbpw kXyhnizmknIfn¬ Ahcn¬ \n∂v Xs∂bp-

≈ Hcp ZqXs\ \ntbmKn°pI hgn A√mlp alØmb A\p{K-

l-amWv Ah¿°v \¬Inbn´p≈Xv. A√mlphns‚ ZrjvSm¥ßƒ

Ah¿°v HmXntIƒ]n°pIbpw, Ahsc kwkvIcn°pIbpw,

Ah¿°p {KŸhpw PvRm\hpw ]Tn∏n°pIbpw sNøp∂ (Hcp

ZqXs\). AhcmIs´ apºv hyIvXamb hgntISn¬ Xs∂-bm-bn-

cp∂p.'' (3 : 164)

""A£c⁄m\an√mØh¿°nSbn¬, Xs‚ ZrjvSm¥ßƒ

Ah¿°v hmbn®ptIƒ]n°pIbpw Ahsc kwkvIcn°pIbpw

Ah¿°v thZ{KŸhpw XXzPvRm\hpw ]Tn∏n°pIbpw sNøm≥

Ahcn¬ \n∂pXs∂bp≈ Hcp ZqXs\ \ntbmKn®h\mIp∂p

Ah≥. Xo¿®bmbpw Ah¿ apºv hyIvXamb hgntISnembn-cp-

∂p.'' (62 : 2)

Atd_y≥ P\XbpsS AXpeyamb Cu ]cnWmaØn\v A-

h¿ Xs∂ \¬Ip∂ Ncn{Xkm£yhpw \mw ImWpI. GtXym-

]ybnse `cWm[nImcnbmbncp∂ t\Kkv N{Ih¿ØnbpsS ap-

∂n¬, XßfpsS ]cnh¿Ø\Øns‚ Ncn{Xw {]-hmN-I-in-jy-

\mb PAv^dp_v\p A_o Xzmen_v (d) hnhcn°p∂Xv Ncn{X-

{KŸßfn¬ Cßs\ tcJs∏SpØs∏´ncn°p∂p.

""Rßƒ PmlnenøØn(A⁄mXImeØv)embncp∂p.

48


_nw_mcm[Icpw ihwXo\nIfpw Zp¿\S∏pImcpambncp∂p; Iøq-

°p≈h≥ Imcy°mc\mbncp∂p. Aßs\ A√mlp Rßfn¬

Hcp {]hmNIs\ \ntbmKn®p. At±lØns‚ IpSpw_alnabpw

kXyk‘Xbpw hnizkvXXbpw Rßƒ°v kpkΩXambncp-

∂p. GIssZhsØ am{Xw Bcm[n°phm\pw ]cºcmKXambn

Bcm[n®ph∂ _nw_ßsfbpw hn{Klßsfbpw Dt]£n°-p-

hm\pw At±lw Rßsf D]tZin®p. kXyw am{Xw ]dbm\pw

IcmdpIƒ ]men°m\pw IpSpw__‘w am\n°m\pw Ab¬hm-

knsb kvt\ln°phm\pw A{Iaßfn¬\n∂pw Xn∑Ifn¬\n-

∂pw AI∂p\n¬°m\pw At±lw Rßsf ]Tn∏n®p. I-≈-

kXyw sNøpI, A\mYIfpsS kzØv ̀ £n°pI, \nc]cm-[nI-

fmb kv{XoIsf°pdn®v A]hmZw ]dbpI F∂nh ITn\amb

A]cm[amsW∂pw At±lw ]Tn∏n®p.''

F¥n\[nIw ]dbWw, GIssZhhnizmkØns‚ ASnØd-

bn¬ {]hmNI≥ hm¿sØSpØ kaqlØns‚ hnip≤n°v

{]hmNIs‚ ITn\sshcnbpw _≤i{Xphpambncp∂ A_q-kp-

^vbm\pt]mepw, B i{XpXbpw sshcyhpw \ne\n¬s°Xs∂

Ncn{Xkm£yw \n¬t°≠n h∂p. {]hmNIImeL´Ønse

tdmam km{amPyØns‚ ̀ cWm[nImcnbmbncp∂ slcm¢nbkn\v

{]hmNI≥ (k) Hcp IØb°pIbp≠mbn. ssZham¿Kw ]cnN-

bs∏SpØp∂ ktμiambncp∂p AXv. IØv Inńb slcm-¢n-

bkv {]hmNItZiamb a°bn¬\n∂pw h∂ h√hcpapt≠m

F∂t\zjn®p. B At\zjWw FØn\n∂Xv I®hSm¿∞w

Atd_ybn¬\n∂pw tdmanseØnb A_qkp^vbm\nem-bncp-

∂p. slcm¢nbkns‚ £Ww kzoIcn®v At±lØns‚ sIm´mc-

ØnseØnb A_qkp v̂bmt\mSv, {]hmNIs\bpw At±lØn-

s‚ BZ¿ikaqlsØbpw]‰n slcm¢nbkv N{Ih¿Øn

tNmZn®dn™ Imcyßƒ Ncn{X{KŸßfn¬ C{]Imcw tc-J-

s∏-SpØs∏ńcn°p∂p.

"\nßfpsS \mń¬ aplΩZv F∂ Hcmƒ {]hmNIXzhmZhp-

ambn cwKØph∂n´pt≠m ?

"D≠v' ˛ A_qkp^vbm≥ Adnbn®p.

49


"Ipeo\ IpSpw_mwKamtWm At±lw ?'

"AsX.'

"At±lØns‚ IpSpw_Øn¬ a‰msc¶nepw {]hmNIXz-hm-

Zap∂bn®ncpt∂m ?'

"C√.'

"At±lØns‚ IpSpw_Øn¬ Fs∂¶nepw cmPm°-≥-am-cp-

≠mbncpt∂m ?'

"C√, Hcn°epw D≠mbnń√.'

"aplΩZns‚ A\pbmbnIƒ ]mhßtfm [\nItcm ?'

"]mhßfpw Zp¿_ecpamWv.'

"A\pbmbnIƒ IqSpItbm IpdbpItbm ?' ̨ slcm{Inbkv

tNmZn®p.

"Zn\w{]Xn IqSpIbmWv.'

"At±lw Ft∏msg¶nepw Ifhp]d™Xmbn Adnbptam ?'

"C√, kXyk‘≥ F∂ t]cnemWv Adnbs∏ńcp∂Xv' ˛

A_qkp^vbm≥ Adnbn®p.

"At±lw Icm¿ ewLn®Xmbn tIń´pt≠m ?'

"CtXhsc C√. Ct∏mƒ Rßƒ XΩnsemcp k‘nbp≠v.

lpssZ_nb k‘n. AXn¬ Dd®p\n¬°ptam F∂dnbn√.'

"\nßƒ Ft∏msg¶nepw At±lhpambn bp≤w sNbvXn-

´pt≠m ?'

"D≠v.'

"At∏mƒ B¿°mbncp∂p hnPbw ?'

"Nnet∏mƒ Abmƒ°pw a‰p Nnet∏mƒ Rßƒ°pw' ̨ A_q-

kp^vbm≥ H∂pw ad®psh®n√.

50


"Fs¥ms°bmWv Abmƒ P\ßtfmSv ]dbp∂Xv ?' ˛sl-

cm¢nbkv tNmZn®p.

"ssZhw GI\mWv. Ah\pam{Xw Bcm[\If¿∏n°pI.

Ah\n¬ Bscbpw ]¶ptN¿°cpXv. ]cnip≤n ]pe¿ØpI. k-

Xyw am{Xw ]dbpI. ]ckv]cw klIcWtØmsSbpw Im-cp-

WytØmsSbpw h¿Øn°pI. CØcw ImcyßfmWv aplΩZv

P\ßtfmSv ]dbp∂Xv !'

slcm¢nbkv N{Ih¿Øn ]d™p : "icn, F∂m¬ aplΩZv

ssZhZqX≥ Xs∂. ssZhZqX≥am¿ F∂pw FhnsSbpw Ipeo-

\IpSpw_mwKßfmbncn°pw. \nßfpsS \mń¬ ]pXpXmbn {]-

hmNIXzhmZhpambn {]Xy£s∏´ hy‡nbpsS IpSpw_Øn¬

t\csØ Bsc¶nepw B hmZhpambn cwKØph∂ncp-∂psh-

¶n¬ AXns‚ kzm[o\êamsW∂v [cn°mambncp∂p. A-{]-

Imcw Xs∂ IpSpw_Øn¬ cmPm°≥am¿ D≠mbncps∂-¶n¬

A[nImctamlw aqeamWv {]hmNIXzhmZap∂bn°p∂sX∂v

hnNmcn°mambncp∂p. km[mcWPohnXØn¬ I≈w ]dbmØ

Hcmƒ ssZhØns‚ t]cn¬ s]cpwI≈w {]Ncn∏n°psa∂v Icp-

Xm≥ Hcp \ymbhpan√. BZyL´Øn¬ {]hmNI≥amsc ]n-¥p-

ScpI ]mhßfmsW∂Xpw ]cs° AwKoIcn°s∏´ ImcyamWv.

kXyØns‚ A\pbmbnIƒ IqSns°m≠ncn°psa∂Xpw icn-

bmWv. ssZhZqX≥ Bscbpw h©n°pIbns√∂Xpw kp-hnZ-n-

XamWv.'

"\nßfpsS \m´pImc≥ hnip≤nhcn°m\pw `‡n Dƒs°m-

≈m\pw D]tZin°p∂Xmbpw \nßƒ ]dbp∂p. CsXms°bpw

icnbmsW¶n¬ aplΩZv ssZhZqX≥ Xs∂. F\n°v At±-l-

Øns‚ ASpsØØm≥ Ign™ncps∂¶n¬ Rm≥ B ]mZßƒ

IgpIns°mSp°pambncp∂p.'

hnizmkhnip≤n°v {]Yaÿm\w \¬Ins°m≠mbncp∂p

ap-lΩZv \_n (k) Atd_y≥ P\Xsb kwkvIcns®SpØXv.

kwkvImchpw, kZmNmct_m[hpw, [m¿anIXbpw sXm´pXo≠n-

bnń√mØ B P\Xsb Ncn{XØn¬ XpeyXbn√mØhn[w Hu-

∂nXyØnte°pb¿Øm≥ At±lw BZyw ssIsh®Xv Ahcn¬

51


\ne\n∂ncp∂ hnizmkcwKsØ Po¿WXIfn-em-bn-cp∂p.

GI\mb {kjvSmhns\ ]‰nbp≈ t_m[hpw Ahs‚ Kmw-

òcyhpw alXzhpw hnip≤nbpw At±lah¿°v ]I¿∂psIm-Sp-

Øp. {kjvSmhpw kwc£I\pamb A√mlphns\ Adnbp-∂-

Xn-eqsS am{Xta a\pjy≥ hnaeoIcn°s∏SpIbp≈q F∂t±lw

Ahsc ]Tn∏n®p. Xßsf kZm\nco£n®psIm≠ncn°p∂ Dd-

°tam ab°tam _m[n°mØ clkyhpw ]ckyhpw Hcpt]m-

sebdnbp∂ A√mlphns\ `bs∏Sm≥ At±lw Ahsc ]Tn-

∏n®p. ITn\ambn in£n°p∂h\pw I¿aßƒ hnNmcW sN-

øp∂h\pw {]h¿Ø\ßƒ°v {]Xnêw \¬Ip∂h\pamb

A√mlphns\ At±lØneqsS B P\X tI´dn™p. ac-Wm-

\¥cw a\pjys\ Hcpan®p Iq´p∂h\pw \∑˛Xn∑Iƒ°v XXp-

eyw {]Xnêw sImSp°p∂h\pw \cI˛kz¿Kßƒ krjvSn®-

h-\pamb ssZhsØ Ah¿ Dƒs°m≈m≥ ]Tn®p. ]›mØm]w

kzoIcn°p∂h\pw ]m]ßƒ s]mdpØpsImSp°p∂h\pw A-

tßb‰w HuZmcyhpw ImcpWyhpw hn´phogvNbpw sNøp∂h\p-

amb DSbXºpcms\ Ahct±lØneqsS ASpØdn™p.

hnip≤hnizmkØns‚ A\nhmcyXm¬]cyambn hnip≤Pohn-

XsØ Ah¿ a\ nem°n. AXphsc hy`nNcn®p\S∂ Ah¿

ssewKnIkZmNmcw ImØpkq£n°phm≥ ]cnioe°s∏´p.

aZy]n®pw tamjvSn®pw sIme\SØnbpw Pohn® Ah¿ ssZ-h-

hn-NmcWsb `bs∏Sm≥ XpSßn. s]ä°sf Poht\msS

Ipgn®paqSnbh¿ "\msf F¥n\mWv Xm≥ Ipgn®paqSs∏´sX∂'

hnNmcWsb t]Sn°m≥ XpSßn. A]cs‚ am\hpw Poh\pw

[\hpw Ih¿s∂Sp°m≥ bmsXmcp a\xkwL¿jhpw tXm-∂m-

Xncp∂h¿ ]ctemIsØ {]XnImc\S]SnIsf Hm¿Øphnd®p-

t]mbn. tXm∂nhmkßfnepw tæOhrØnIfnepw \nIrjvSI¿a-

ßfnepw A`ncan®h¿ ITn\amb ssZhtIm]sØbpw Ak-

lyamb ssZhin£sbbpw Hm¿Øv kvX_vZcmbn t]mbn. ip-

≤amb GIssZhhnizmkw hy‡nbnepw kaqlØnepw kr-jv-

Sn® B ]cnh¿Ø\w Fßs\bmsW∂v hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ ]-

d™pXcp∂p.

""( \_ntb, ) ]dbpI : \nßƒ hcq! \nßfpsS c£nXmhv

52


\nßfpsS ta¬ \njn≤am°nbXv \nßƒ°v Rm≥ ]d™v

tIƒ]n°mw. Aht\mSv bmsXm∂ns\bpw \nßƒ ]¶-tN-¿-°-

cpXv. amXm]nXm°ƒ°v \∑ sNøWw. Zmcn{Zyw ImcWambn

kz-¥w a°sf \nßƒ sIm∂pIfbcpXv. \mamWv \nßƒ°pw

Ah¿°pw Blmcw Xcp∂Xv. {]Xy£hpw ]tcm£hpamb \o-

NhrØnIsf \nßƒ kao]n®v t]mIcpXv. A√mlp ]cn-]m-h-

\am°nb Pohs\ \ymb{]Imca√msX \nßƒ l-\n-®p-I-f-bcp-

Xv. \nßƒ Nn¥n®v a\ nem°phm≥ th≠n Ah≥ (A√mlp)

\nßƒ°v \¬Inb D]tZiamWXv. G‰hpw DØaamb am-¿-K-

ØneqsSb√msX \nßƒ A\mYbpsS kzØns\ kao]n®p

t]mIcpXv. Ah∂v Imcy{]m]vXn FØp∂Xv hsc (\nßƒ Ah-

s‚ c£mI¿ØrXzw Gs‰Sp°Ww). \nßƒ \oXn]q¿Δw Af-

hpw Xq°hpw XnI®psImSp°Ww. Hcmƒ°pw AbmfpsS Ign-

hnep]cnbmbn \mw _m[yX NpaØp∂X√. \nßƒ kwkm-cn-

°pIbmsW¶n¬ \oXn ]men°pI. AsXmcp _‘phns‚ Im-

cy-Ønembncp∂m¬ t]mepw. A√mlpthmSp≈ Icm¿ \nßƒ

\ndth‰pI. \nßƒ {i≤n®v a\ nem°phm≥ th≠n A√mlp

\nßƒ°v \¬Inb D]tZiamWXv. CXs{X Fs‚ t\cmb

]mX. \nßƒ AXv ]n¥pScpI. a‰pam¿Kßƒ ]n≥]‰cpXv. A-

hsbms° Ahs‚ (A√mlphns‚) am¿KØn¬ \n∂v \nßsf

NnXdn®v Ifbpw. \nßƒ kq£vaX ]men°m≥ th≠n Ah≥

\nßƒ°v \¬Inb D]tZiamWXv.'' (61 : 151˛153).

GIssZhhnizmkw Fs¥mcp ]cnh¿Ø\amWv a\pjy\n-

¬ krjvSn°p∂sX∂p \mw I≠pIgn™p. F∂m¬ _lpssZ-

hhnizmkw Fßns\bmWv a\pjys\ ssZham¿KØn¬ \n∂v

hyXnNen∏n°pIbpw sshb‡nIhpw kmaqlnIhpamb Zq-jy-

XIfnte°v Ahs\ sIms≠Øn°pIbpw sNøp∂sX-∂p-IqSn

\mw a\ nemt°≠nbncn°p∂p.

CSbmfhnizmkw

_lpssZhXzw a\pjy\n¬ krjvSn°p∂ G‰hpw henb

Zqjy^eßfnsem∂mWv {kjvSmhn\pw krjvSnIƒ°panSbnse

CSbmfhnizmkw. a\pjylrZbßfn¬\n∂pw ssZhKmw`ocyw

53


tNm¿Øn°fbp∂p F∂XmWv CSbmf≥amcnepw ip]m¿iI-

cnepap≈ hnizmkØns‚ A\¥c^ew. a\pjy\pw ssZhØn-

\panSbnse Cu "CS]mSpIm¿' a\pjya\ pIfn¬\n∂pw ssZ-

hsØ Ih¿s∂Sp°p∂p. Xs∂ krjvSn°pIbpw ]cn-]m-en-°p-

Ibpw kwc£n°pIbpw BImi`qanIfn¬ \nd™p\n¬°p∂,

FÆnIW°m°m≥ IgnbmØ{X A\p{KlßƒsIm≠v D-∂-

amsbmcp PohnXw X\n°pkΩm\n°pIbpw sNbvX {k-jvS-m-

hmb ssZhsØ a\pjylrZbßƒ°]cnNn-Xam-°p-I-bm-Wv C-

Sbmfhnizmkw sNøp∂ G‰hpw henb ]mXIw. hn-ip≤ Izp-¿-

B≥ ]dbp∂p :

"".A√mlphn\v ]pdsabp≈hsc Ah\v ka≥amcm°p∂ Nn-

e BfpIfp≠v. A√mlpsh kvt\ln°p∂Xv t]mse Cu B-

fpIƒ Ahscbpw kvt\ln°p∂p. F∂m¬ kXyhnizm-kn-Iƒ

A√mlpthmSv AXniIvXamb kvt\lap≈hcs{X...'' (2 : 165)

a\pjy\n¬ ssZhsØ∏‰n hnIeamb [mcWIƒ hf¿-

ØnbmWv CSbmfhnizmkw ssZham¿KØn¬\n∂pw Ahs\

AI‰p∂Xv. Hcn°epw a\pjy\Sp°phmt\m kmao]yw Ic-ÿ-

am°phmt\m IgnbmØ HcÿnXzambn ssZhsØ AXv a\p-

jy\v ]cnNbs∏SpØp∂p. AXni‡ambn kvt\lnt°≠ ssZ-

hØn¬ \n∂pw AtXmsS a\pjy≥ AI∂pt]mIp∂p. Hcn-°-

epaSp°m≥ IgnbmØ ssZhØn\cnIn¬ Xß-ƒ-°p-th≠n

a[yÿhpw ip]m¿ibpw ]dbp∂ CSbmf≥am¿ ssZ-h-Øn-\p-

]-Icw a\pjya\ pIfn¬ ÿm\w ]nSn°p∂p. AtXmsS hn-

ip≤nbpsS ASnÿm\amb ssZhm\pkcWØn¬\n∂pw a\p-

jy≥ AI∂pt]mIp∂p. ImcWw A\pkcWØns‚ D-¬-]Øn

kvt\lØn¬\n∂pw ̀ bØn¬\n∂pamWt√m ? kvt\lw \-jv-

Ss∏Sp∂tXmsS A\pkcWw A{]Xy£ambns°m-≠nc-n-°pw.

G-IssZhhnizmkw ]caamb kvt\lw ssZhØn\pam{Xw

A¿∏n°phm≥ ]Tn∏n°p∂p. AXn\m¬ AXni‡amb

A\pkcWXzc AXp a\pjy\n¬ krjvSn°pw. _lpssZ-h-hn-

izmkamIs´ ssZhØn\p≈ kvt\lsØ ]¶psh°m\mWv

]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ A\pkcWhm⁄y

54


a\pjy\n¬ AXp £bn∏n°p∂p. ssZh[n°mcØnte°pw

tXm-∂nhmkßfnte°pw AXp a\pjys\ sIms≠Øn°p∂p.

ssZhnI\nbaßsf Im‰n¬]dØn tæOXIsf kzoIcn°m≥

[n°mcioe\mb a\pjy\v a\x{]bmkan√mXmhp∂p. th-≠-

sX√mw sImSpØm¬ ssZhk∂n[nbn¬ Iq´p]dbm≥ Xømdmbn

\n¬°p∂ CSbmf≥am¿ a\pjys\ ssZhtØmSv Xo¿Øpw

\μnsI´h\m°n am‰p∂p. AXpsIm≠mWv _lpssZ-h-hn-izm-

kØns‚ Ncn{XØn¬ tæOXIƒ XfwsI´n \n¬°p∂Xv. G-

IssZhhnizmkamIs´, ]caambn kvt\lnt°≠p∂ ssZ-h-

tØmSv \μntISv ImWn°p∂Xn¬ Atßb‰w thZ\n°p∂h-

\mbn a\pjys\ am‰nsbSp°p∂p. ]¶psh°s∏SXmØ ]q¿-

Wamb kvt\lwsIm≠v AXp a\pjys\ ssZhØn\v Iogv-s∏-

Sm≥ ]Tn∏n°p∂p. Ahs‚ a\ pIfn¬ ssZhKmw-̀ ocysØ A-

Xp hf¿ØnsbSp°p∂p. A\pkcWØneqsS ssZhkman]yw

t\SnsbSp°m\pw Aßs\ hnizmkØns‚ am[pcyw A\p-`-

hn®dnbm\pw Ah\mIp∂p. aplΩZv \_n (k) ]d™p : ""aq∂v

Imcyßƒ Hcmfn¬ D≠mbncp∂m¬ Abmƒ kXyhnizmk-Øn-

s‚ am[pcyw A\p`hn°p∂XmWv. A√mlphpw Ahs‚ ZqX\pw

as‰√mØns\°mfpw Ah\v {]nb¶cambncn°pI, A√m-lp-hn-

\pth≠n Hcmƒ as‰mcmsf CjvSs∏SpI, A√mlp kXy-\n-tj-

[Øn¬\n∂pw Xs∂ c£s]SpØnbXn\ptijw AXnte°v

aSßp∂Xns\ Xobnte°v Xm≥ FSpsØdnbs∏Sp∂Xpt]mse

shdp°pI.''(1)

kvt\lwt]mse Xs∂ a\pjys\ ssZhØn\v Iogvs∏Sphm-

≥ t{]cn∏n°p∂ LSIamWv ̀ bw. ssZh`bamWv kIe\∑Ifp-

sS-bpw ASnØd. ssZh`bw a\pjy\n¬\n∂v F{Xam{Xw \oßn-

t∏mIp∂pthm A{Xbpw a\pjy≥ tæO\mbn Xocp∂p. `bs∏-

SmØ lrZbw Iogvs∏Sn√. ssZhsØ `bs∏Sp∂h\pam{Xta

ssZhØn\p Iogvs∏Sm≥ km[n°pIbp≈q. F∂m¬ _lp-ssZ-

hXzw {kjvSmhns\°mƒ krjvSnsb `bs∏Sp∂ ÿnXn-hti-

jØnte°mWv a\pjys\ sIms≠Øn°pI. ssZhtØ°mƒ

ssZthXcsc a\pjy≥ `bs∏´pXpSßnbm¬ ssZhKmw`ocyw

a\pjya\kpIfn¬ \n∂pw tNm¿∂pt]mIp∂p. hnip≤ Izp-¿-

55


B≥ ]dbp∂p.

""Xs‚ Zmk\v A√mlp aXnbmbh\√tbm? Ah∂v ]pd-

sabp≈hsc ]‰n Ah¿ \ns∂ t]Sn∏n°p∂p. h√hs\bpw

A√m-lp ]nghnem°p∂ ]£w Ah\v hgn Im´m≥ Bcpan√.''

(39 : 36)

""AXv (\nßsf t]Sn∏n°m≥ {ian®Xv) ]nimNp am-{Xam-Ip-

∂p. Ah≥ Xs‚ an{Xßsf∏‰n (\nßsf) t]Sns∏Sp-Øp-I-bm-

Wv. AXn\m¬ \nßfhsc `bs∏SmsX Fs∂ `bs∏SpI: \n-

ßƒ kXyhnizmknIfmsW¶n¬.'' (3 : 175)

""A√mlphns‚ ]≈nIƒ ]cn]ment°≠Xv A√mlphnepw

A¥yZn\Ønepw hnizkn°pIbpw, \akvImcw apdt]mse \n-

¿hln°pIbpw, kImØv \¬IpIbpw A√mlpshb√msX `-

bs∏SmXncn°pIbpw sNbvXh¿ am{XamWv. F∂m¬ AØc-

°m¿ k≥am¿Kw {]m]n°p∂hcpsS Iq´Ønemtb°mw.'' (9 :18)

""C{kmbo¬ k¥XnItf, Rm≥ \nßƒ°v sNbvXp X-∂n-

´p≈ A\p{Klw \nßƒ Hm¿an°pIbpw, Ft∂mSp≈ Icm¿

\nßƒ \ndth‰pIbpw sNøphn≥. F¶n¬ \nßtfmSp≈ Icm¿

Rm\pw \ndth‰mw. Fs∂ am{Xta \nßƒ ̀ bs∏Smhq.'' (2 :40)

ssZhsØ am{Xw `bs∏SpI F∂ \ne]mSmWv GIssZh-

hnizmkw a\pjya\ pIfn¬ krjvSn°p∂Xv. ssZthXcsc

`bs∏SmXncn°pI F∂ BZ¿im[njvTnX \ne]mSnte°v a\p-

jy≥ Dbcptºmtg ssZhsØbpw ssZhKmw`ocysØbpw Ah\v

]q¿Wambpw Dƒs°m≈m≥ km[n°pIbp≈q.

Xs‚ I¿aßsf \nco£n®psIm≠ncn°p∂, Xs‚ Po-

hnXsØ clky]ckyt`Zan√msX kZmho£n®psIm≠ncn-°p-

∂, acWm\¥cw Xs∂ hnNmcW sNøpIbpw `uXnI Po-hn-

XØnse Xs‚ h¿Ø\ßƒ°\pkrXamb {]-Xn-^-ew-˛in-

£bmtbm c£bmtbm ˛\¬IpIbpw sNøp∂, ip]m¿i-I∑m-

cpsSbpw CSbmf∑mcpsSbpw CSs]SepIƒ°XoXamb {]Xm-

]Øns‚ DSabmb {kjvSmhmb ssZhsØbmWv GIssZ-

hhnizmkw a\pjys\ ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. F√m ]cnip≤nbpw al-

56


Xzhpw D∂Xnbpw {]Xm]hpw i‡nbpw Xocpam\m[nImchpw

F√mw GIssZhØn¬ tI{μoIrXamb ssZht_m[amWv a\p-

jy\Xv ]I¿∂p \¬Ip∂Xv. F∂m¬ _lpssZhXzw GI-k-

XyssZhØns‚ KpWhntijWßsf ssZthXc¿°v hIsh®p

sImSp°p∂p. ]cnip≤nbpw, alXzhpw, D∂Xnbpw, {]Xm]hpw,

Xocpam\m[nImchpw F√mw ]¶psh°s∏´ Hcp kXzambn

ssZhsØ IW°m°p∂h\v Ahs\ am{Xw `bs∏Sm≥ km-

[n°n√. Xs‚ PohnXsØbpw I¿aßsfbpw acWsØbpw tam-

£sØbpw F√mw kmcambn kv]¿in°phm≥ Ignhp≈ A-

t\Icn¬ HcmfmWv Ahs\ kw_‘n®v {kjvSmhmb DSbX-

ºpcm≥. Aßs\ hcptºmƒ ssZhsØ am{Xw `bs∏SpI F-

∂Xv _lpssZhhnizmkw kzoIcn® Hcmƒ°v Xo¿Øpw A\y-

amb \ne]mSmWv. Cu am\knI\ne]mSnte°v a\pjy≥ hs∂-

Øp∂tXmsS ssZhnIt_m[\{]Imcw Nn´s∏SptØ≠

PohnXhnip≤n Ah\v kzm`mhnIambpw \jvSs∏Sp∂p. tam-£-

Øn\mbn Xm≥ Xr]vXns∏SptØ≠ At\Icn¬ Hcph\mbn

ssZhsØ IW°m°p∂ a\pjy\v Fßs\bmWv ssZhKmw-

`ocyw Dƒs°m≈phm≥ km[n°pI. Ffp∏w Xpd°mhp∂ hm-

XnepIƒ hn´v PohnXhnip≤nsIm≠pam{Xw Xpd°phm≥ km-

[n°p∂ hmXnen\v ap∂nte°v a\pjy≥ h∂p\n¬°n√. A-

ßs\bmWv _lpssZhhnizmkw ssZhm\pkcWØn¬ \n∂pw

PohnXhnip≤nbn¬ \n∂pw a\pjys\ FXn¿Znibnte°v

k©cn∏n°p∂Xv. "CSbmf'hnizmkØneqsSbmWv B hgn-sX-

‰nb k©mcØnte°v AXv a\pjys\ ssI]nSn°p∂Xv. AXp-

sIm≠mWv {]Xy£Øn¬ henb {]iv\ambn a\pjy\v tXm-

∂mXncn°p∂ "CSbmfhnizmkw' F¥pam{Xw henb Zq-jy-^-

eamWv krjvSn°p∂sX∂v ]dbp∂Xv. Xs∂ krjvSn°pIbpw

]cn]men°pIbpw kwc£n°pIbpw FÆn°W°m°phm-\m-

ImØ A\p{Klßƒ X\n°mbn Hcp°nsh°pIbpw sNbvX

ssZhsØ am{Xambn kzoIcn°phmt\m Dƒs°m≈phmt\m I-

gnbmØ Hcp am\knIXeØnte°v AXv a\pjys\ sIms≠-

Øn-°p∂p. hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ ]d™sX{X icn :

""A√mlpsh∏‰n am{Xw {]kvXmhn°s∏´m¬ ]ctemI-Øn-

57


¬ hnizmkan√mØhcpsS lrZbßƒ°v AklyX A\p-`h-

s∏Sp∂XmWv. A√mlphn\v ]pdsabp≈hsc∏‰n {]kv-Xm-hn-

°s∏´mtem At∏mgXm Ah¿ k¥pjvSNnØcmIp∂p.'' (39:45)

a\xkwL¿jw

A\¥amb a\xkwL¿jØnte°v a\pjys\ sIms≠Øn-

°p∂p F∂XmWv _lpssZhhnizmkw krjvSn°p∂ as‰mcp

Zqjy^ew. H∂ne[nIw ssZhßfn¬ hnizkn°p∂hs‚ a\ v

\nc¥camb kwLS\Ønembncn°pw. BcnemWv Xm≥ A¿-

∏nt°≠Xv ? BtcmSmWv hnfn®p {]m¿∞nt°≠Xv ? Cu tNm-

Zyw _lpssZhhnizmknsb kZmAe´ns°m≠ncn°pw. F√m-

hscbpw hnfn®p {]m¿∞n°msa∂pw F√mhcnepw Imcyßƒ

A¿∏n°msa∂pw hnNmcn°ptºmƒ kwL¿jw aq¿On°p∂p.

_lpssZh hnizmknbpsS Cu am\knImhÿ kpμcamb

Hcp]abneqsS hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ hnhcn®p.

""A√mlp CXm Hcp a\pjys\ D]abmbn FSpØpIm-Wn-

®n-cn°p∂p. ]ckv]cw hg°Sn°p∂ GXm\pw ]¶pImcmWv

Ahs‚ bPam\≥am¿. Hcp bPam\\v am{Xw Iogvs]tS≠h\mb

as-‰mcmsfbpw (D]abmbn FSpØpImWn®ncn°p∂p) D]abn¬

Ch¿ c≠pt]cpw Hcpt]msebmIptam? A√mlphn\v kvXpXn.

]s£ Ahcn¬ A[nIt]cpw Adnbp∂n√.'' (39 : 29)

]ckv]cw hg°Sn°p∂ bPam\≥amcpsS I¬]\Iƒ°v

hnt[b\mbn Pohnt°≠n hcp∂ Hcp ASnatbmSmWv hnip≤

Izp¿B≥ _lpssZh hnizmknsb D]an®ncn°p∂Xv. ]ckv]c-

hncp≤ßfmb I¬]\Iƒ A\pkcn°phm≥ hn[n°s∏´

AØcsamcSna°v bPam\≥amsc apgph≥ {]o-Xn-s∏-SpØphm≥

km[n°msX hcp∂p. Hcmsfbpw th≠hn[w tk-hn°phm≥ km-

[n°mØ Ahs\ A¥kwL¿jØns‚ ]n-cnapdp°w \nc-¥-

cambn th´bmSns°m≠ncn°p∂p. GsXm-s° ssZhßsf F-

ßs\sbms° {]oXns∏SpØmw, F-t∏m-sgms° GsXms° ssZ-

hßƒ ]nWßpw F∂p ]nSnIn´mØ _-lp-ssZ-hhnizm-kn-bpsS

A¥cwKhpw AXpt]msebmWv. F∂m¬ H-scm‰ bPam\s\

am{Xw tkhn°phm≥ _m≤y-ÿ-\mb A-Sn-a-sbt∏mseXs∂,

58


{]]©{kjvSmhns\ am{Xw Bcm-[n-°p-hm-\pw Ah\pam{Xw

Iogvs∏Sm\pw hn[n°s∏´ GI-ssZ-hhnizm-knbpw AØcw

A¥kwL¿jØn¬ \n∂pw Xo¿Øpw ap‡-\m-bn-cn-°pw.

CXs{X hnip≤ Izp¿B\ns‚ D]a.

hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ hnhcn® Cu D]a tIhesamcp]a am{X-

ambn ImWmhp∂X√. adn®v _lpssZhk¶¬∏w GsX√mw

kaqlßfn¬ \ne\n∂ncp∂pthm AhnSßfnse√mw CØcw

"hg°Sn°p∂ bPam\≥'amcmb ssZhßƒ \ne\n∂ncp∂p.

ssZhhnizmkØns‚ {]mIrXNcn{Xw tXSn \mw bm{X sN-bv-

Xm¬ Ncn{XØns‚ F√m CShgnIfnepw CØcw "hg-°-Sn-°p∂

bPam\≥am¿' D≠mbncp∂Xmbn \ap°v ImWmw. sshhn-

≤yam¿∂ cq]`mhßtfmsS _lpssZhXzw \ne\n∂ncp∂ B¿-

j`mcX Ncn{Xw am{Xw H∂p ItÆmSn®m¬aXn, CØcw "hg°-

Sn°p∂ bPam\≥amsc's°m≠v kar≤ambncp∂p _lps-sZ-

hhnizmkØns‚ Ncn{Xsa∂v \njv{]bmkw {Kln°-m-hp∂-

XmWv. "B¿j`mcXw; k¶¬]hpw bmYm¿∞yhpw' F∂ IrXn-

bn¬ kvt\lPm≥ FgpXp∂p.

"{_“mhmWv krjvSnbpsS aq¿Ønsb∂mWv sslμhhnizm-

kw. F∂m¬ {_“mhpt]mepw P\n®Xv hnjvWphns‚ \m-

`nbn¬ \n∂pb¿∂ph∂ Xmacbn¬ \n∂msW∂mWv sshjv-

Wh]pcmWßƒ ]dbp∂Xv. almhnjvWphns‚ s\‰n-bn¬

\n∂mWs{X ]cainhs‚ P\\w. F∂m¬ ssi-h-kz-m-[o-\-ap≈

Nne D]\njØpIƒ ]dbp∂Xv hnjvWphns‚ P\I≥ inh\m-

sW∂mWv. ict`m]\njØv ]dbp∂Xv t\m°pI. "Ah≥

(inh≥) Xs∂bmWv {_“mhns\ [mcWw sNøp∂Xv.... Ah≥

{_m“mhns‚bpw hnjvWphns‚bpw P\I\mWv.

{_“mhpw inh\pw hnjvWphpsa√mw ]ckv]cw hg°pw

kwL¿jßfpap≠m°nbXmbn ]pcmWßfn¬ ImWmw.

AØcsamcp hg°nt\mS\p_‘n®mWv, \tS hnhcn®hn[w

inhenwKØns‚ A‰w tXSnt∏mbn a‰v c≠p aq¿ØnIfpw ]cmP-

bs∏´Xv. Cu IY ssih]pcmWßfpsS krjvSnbmWv. inh-

enwKØns‚ A‰w ImWm≥ {_“mhn\pw hnjvWphn\pw Ign-

59


™ns√∂Xv inhs‚ alna Xs∂bmWt√m ! inht\m hnjv-

Wphnt\m B¿°mWv _e°qSpXse∂v ]cntim[n°m≥ tZh-

XIƒ \n›bn®p. Ah¿ XßfpsS Xocpam\w {_“mhns\ Adn-

bn®p. GjWnIƒ ]d™v {_“mhv inhs\bpw hn-jv-Wp-hn-

s\bpw XΩn¬ ]nW°n. c≠pt]cpw bp≤w XpSßn. Ccph¿-

°pw hn√pIfp≠m°ns°mSpØv {_“mhv kwL´\sØ t{]m-

’mln∏n®psIm≠ncp∂p. bp≤Øn¬ Ahkm\w ]cainh≥

]cmPbs∏´psh∂mWv ]pcmWw. Cu IY sshjvWh]pcm--W-

ßfpsS krjvSnbmsW∂v hy‡w. hnjvWphnt\mSv tXm‰ ]-c-a-

inhs\°pdn®v ict`m]\njØv hntijn∏n°p∂Xv "Z£b-

⁄Øn¬ k¿Δhoc≥amscbpw ]cmPbs∏SpØn hnjv-Wp-hn-

s\t∏mepw \mK]miØm¬ _‘n® almhoc≥' F∂mWv. C-

tX D]\njØn¬ Xs∂ "Ah≥ Xs∂bmWv A¥ImeØv k-

¿htemIßfpw (hnjvWphS°w) kwlcn°p∂Xv' F∂pw in-

h-s\°pdn®v ]dbp∂p≠v.''

""Bcy cmaN{μmXnhmcn FgpXp∂Xv ImWpI : sshjvW-h-

aXw Cu aq∂v aq¿ØnIfpsSbpw ]n∂nep≈ GIi‡n hnjv-

WphmsW∂v AhImis∏Sptºmƒ ssih]pcmWßfpw Xm-{¥n-

I {KŸßfpw Cu KpWßsf√mw inh\pw, im‡]pcmWßƒ

i‡n°pw tZhn°pamWv Btcm]n°p∂Xv.' XnhmcnbpsS ]-cn-

tim[\nbn¬ {][m\ambpw ]pcmWßƒ am{XamWv h-∂n-´p-≈-

sX∂mWv a\ nem°m≥ Ignbp∂Xv. bYm¿∞Øn¬, sslμh

Z¿i\Øns‚ G‰hpw DZmØ`mhßƒ Dƒ-s°m-≈p-∂sX∂v

]cnNbs∏SpØp∂ D]\njØpIfn¬ t]mepw Cu kwLS\w

sXfn™pImWmw. {_“mhv, inh≥, C{μ≥ XpSßnb tZh-≥-

amcmepw A\ytZh≥amcmepw At\zjn°s∏Sp∂h\pw A-ar-

Xab\pw k¿Δhpw k¿Δhpw k¿Δhpamb Aßv (hnjvWp) X-

s∂bmWv tam£hpw tam£kam[m\hpsa∂v ]dbp∂ {Xn-

]mZzn`qXn alm\mcmbtWm]\njØv sshjvWhNn¥sb

{]Xn\n[oIcn°p∂p. CXn\pt\sc hn]coXambn ssi-h-a-X-°m-

cpsS kzm[o\ap≈ ict`m]\njØv ]dbp∂Xv "hnjvWp-hpw

C{μ\pw kptc{μ\pw tamlhim¬ Ahs\ (inhs\) Adn-bp-

∂n√. Ah≥ F√mh¿°pw {]`phpw t{ijvT\pamWv. Ah≥ F-

60


s‚bpw hnjvWphns‚bpw P\I\mWv. Ah≥ FI\pw t{i-jv-T-

\pw k¿ΔsØbpw `cn°p∂h\pw hcwjvT\pamIp∂p.''

""inhs\ Bcm[n°Wsa∂v ]Tn∏n°p∂ ict`m]\njØv,

hnjvWp XpSßnb kakvX tZh≥amscbpw XyPn®v k¿Δkw-

kmc_‘\Øn¬ \n∂p tamNn∏n°p∂ GIam{X\mb ]c-

ainhs\bmWv [ym\nt°≠Xv' F∂mWv ]dbp∂Xv. ssi-hm-

cm[I≥am¿ sshjvWhmcm[\sb hna¿in®ncp∂psh-∂mWv C-

Xn¬ \n∂pw a\ nemIp∂Xv. Xncn®p sshjvWhmcm[I≥-am¿

ssihmcm[\sbbpw hna¿in®ncp∂p. Hmtcm ssZhßfp-sSbpw

Bƒ°m¿ a‰v ssZhßtf°mƒ D∂X≥ XßfpsS ssZ-ham-

sW∂v AhImis∏SpIbpw Ah¿ am{XamWv Bcm[\I-ƒ-°-

¿ls\∂v {]Jym]n°pIbpw sNbvXXmbmWv sshZnIhpw A-

ssh-ZnIhpamb `mcXob {KŸßƒ a\ nem°nØcp∂Xv.''

`mcXØns‚ Ncn{XØn¬ am{Xa√ {]mNo\amb Hcphn[w

kwkvImcßfnse√mw Xs∂ "ssZhßƒ' XΩnep≈ Cu kw-

LS\w \ne\n∂ncp∂p. ]ucmWnI CuPn]vXpw {Kokpw tdm-

apsa√mw Xs∂ "ssZhßƒ' XΩnep≈ kwLS\ßƒ sIm-

SpºncnsIm≠ncp∂ kwkvImcßfmbncp∂p. ImcWw _lp-ssZ-

hXzsa∂Xv a\pjy`h\bmWv. a\pjy\nse kzm`mhnIamb

\yq\XIfpw k¶pNnXØhpw t]mcmbvaIfpw Ahs‚ `mh\-

bnepw {]Xnên°pw. Hcpthf hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ ssZhØns‚

GIXzØnte°v a\pjy_p≤nsb £Wn°p∂Xv Cu "kw-L-

S\'sØ]‰n Nn¥n°phm≥ Bhiys∏´psIm≠mWv.

""A√mlp bmsXmcp k¥m\sØbpw kzoIcn®nń√.

Aht\msSm∏w bmsXmcp ssZhhpap≠mbnń√. Aßs\bm-bn-

cp∂psh¶n¬ Hmtcm ssZhhpw Xm≥ krjvSn®Xpambn t]mbn-

°fbpIbpw, Ahcn¬ Nne¿ Nnesc ASn®a¿ØpIbpw sNøp-

ambncp∂p...'' (23 : 91)

lrZbim¥n \jvSamIp∂p

""h{IXbn√msX (EPpam\kcmbn) A√mlphnte°v Xncn-

™hcpw, Aht\mSv bmsXm∂pw ]¶ptN¿°mØhcpambn-cn°-

61


Ww (\nßƒ). A√mlpthmSv h√h\pw ]¶ptN¿°p∂ ]£w

Ah≥ BImiØp \n∂v hoWXv t]msebmIp∂p. Aßs\

]£nIƒ Ahs\ dm©ns°m≠p t]mIp∂p. As√-¶n¬ Im‰v

Ahs\ hnZqckvYetØ°v sIm≠p t]mbn X≈p-∂p.'' (22 :31)-

_lpssZh hnizmknbpsS at\m\nesb hnip≤ Izp¿B≥

D]an®ncn°p∂Xv, apIfn¬ \n∂v hogpIbpw Xmsg FØmXn-cn-

°pIbpw sNbvX HcmfpsS am\knImhÿtbmSmWv. Ac£n-

Xt_m[w AXns‚ ]mcayZni {]m]n®, ̀ bhnlzeamb am\kn-

Imhÿbnte°mWv hmkvXhØn¬ _lpssZh hnizmkw a\p-

jys\ sIms≠Øn°p∂Xv. F√mØnepw Ah\v `bam-bnc-n-

°pw. BImisØ {Kl\neIsfbpw ̀ qanbnse iIp\ßsfbpw

hymPssZhßsfbpw kn≤≥amscbpw a{¥hmZnIsfbpw XpSßn

Hcp KufnbpsS Ic®n¬t]mepw Ahs\ Akzÿ\m°p∂p.

Hcp ]q® IpdpsI NmSpItbm Hcp Iqa≥ aqfpItbm sNbvXm¬

aXn ̀ bw Ahs\ Iogvs∏SpØp∂p. {Kl\neIfpw tPymXnjhpw

X®pimkv{Xhpw hmkvXphnZyIfpsa√mw Ahs\ t]Sn∏n®psIm-

t≠bn-cn°p∂p. ImcWw _lpssZhhnizmkw D¤qXambncn°p-

∂XpXs∂ ASnÿm\clnXamb ̀ bØn¬\n∂mWv. AXpsIm-

≠pXs∂ AXv a\pjys\ `bs∏SpØns°m≠ncn°pw. A\¿-

∞ßfpw Zp»Ip\ßfpw "ssZhßfp'sS A\njvSßfpw ]d™v

Ft∏mgpaXv a\pjys\ sR´n®psIm≠ncn°pw. ̀ bmi¶Ifn¬

\n∂v Hcn°epw AXv a\pjy\v tamN\w Xcn√. ̀ bsa∂ hnImcw

sIm≠v a\pjy≥ ̀ cn°s∏´mte ap´pim-¥nbt\zjn-°p-∂-h\m-

bn Ah≥ amdpIbp≈q. F¶n¬ am{XamWv a{¥hmZnIƒ°pw,

]ptcmlnX≥am¿°pw, BƒssZhßƒ°pw kn≤≥am¿°p-sa√mw

a\pjys\ NqjWØns‚ Bebn¬ sI´nbnSm\mhpIbp≈q.

_lpssZhhnizmkw krjvSn°p∂ `bØns‚ Cu temI-

Øv Ac£nXt_m[w sIm≠v s]mdpXnap´p∂ a\pjy≥ im-

¥nbt\zjn®v Ae™psIm≠ncn°pw. F¥ns\bpw GXn-s\-

bpw hWßm\pw hμn°m\pw a\pjy≥ XømdmIpw. im¥n tXSn

Xs∂t∏mse `£Ww Ign°p∂, hnk¿÷n°p∂, iuNyw

sNøp∂, Ipfn°p∂, tcmKw hcp∂, thZ\n°p∂, Icbp∂, a-

62


cn°p∂ BfpIsf hsc Ah≥ Bcm[n°phm≥ Xp\nbpw. A-

tNX\hpw ktNX\hpamb F¥ns‚ apºnepw Ah≥ IpºnSpw,

XeIp\n°pw, {]m¿∞n°pw. Aßs\ BIm-iØp-\n∂v ho-W-

h-s\ ]£nIƒ dm©nsbSp°p∂Xpt]mse kn-≤-≥amcpw, B-

ƒssZhßfpw, a{¥hmZnIfpw, tPym-’y-≥-am-cpw, ]p-tcm-ln-X≥-

amcpw Ahs\ dm©nsbSp°p∂p. BƒssZ-hßfn¬ \n∂v B-

ƒssZhßfnte°pw, ihIpSocßfn¬ \n∂v i-h-Ip-So-c-ß-fn-

te°pw, aTßfn¬ \n∂v aTßfnte°pw Im‰v Ahs\ sIm-≠p-

X≈p∂p.

lrZbim¥n \jvSamIp∂ a\pjy\v HcnSØp\n∂pw bYm-

¿-∞ im¥n e`n°p∂n√. ImcWw im¥nbt\zjn®v Ah≥ F-

Øns∏Sp∂Xv I]S BflobXbpsS temItØ°mWv. BƒssZ-

hßƒ°pw, kn≤≥am¿°pw, a{¥hmZnIƒ°pw, tPym’y≥am¿-

°psams° Ah≥, Bflob ItºmfØnse NqjWw sNøm-

s\fp∏aps≈mcp hkvXp am{XamWv. lrZbim¥n tXSn hym-P-

BflobXbpsS temItØ°v bm{X t]mbh≥ {]iv\ßfn¬

\n∂pw Xocm{]iv\ßfnte°v bm{X Xncn®hs\t∏msebmWv.

ss]imNnI t{]cWbm¬ s]´∂v e`n°p∂ Hcp DXvI¿jm-\p-

`hw am{Xambncn°pw Ah\v ssIh∂Xmbn tXm∂p∂ im-¥n-

bpsS bmYm¿∞yw. £n{]im¥nb√msX bYm¿∞amb \n-¿-`-

bXztam im¥ntbm a\pjy\v hymPBflobXbpsS Z√mf≥am¿

{][m\w sNøp∂n√. Aßs\b√mbncps∂¶n¬ F¥psIm≠v

Bflim¥nbpsS IpØII®hS°m¿ s]cpIp∂p ? k-aq-l-Øn-

¬ IqWpIWs° apf®ps]m¥p∂ I]SBflobtI{μßfpsS

h¿≤\hn¬ hnthIap≈ a\pjy\v Nn¥n°m≥ hIbp≠v. H∂p-

sIm≠pXs∂ {]iv\ßƒ ]cnlcn°s∏Spsa¶n¬ as‰m∂n-

s\¥v {]k‡nbmWpffXv ? HcnSØpw {]iv\ßƒ ]cn-l-cn-°-

s∏Sp∂n√ F∂XmWv Hmtcm ]pXnb hymPBflob tI{μß-

fpsSbpw ]ndhn \sΩ t_m[ys∏SpØp∂Xv. HcnSØv ]cnlm-c-

an√mØXmWv as‰mcnStØ°p≈ s\t´m´Øns‚ ]n∂nse

ImcWw. B Hm´w a\pjy≥ XpS¿∂psImt≠bncn°pw; `bhn-

lze\mbpw Ac£nXt_m[w sIm≠v th´bmSs∏Sp∂h\mbpw.

F∂m¬ GIssZhhnizmkw a\pjy\v \n¿`bXzhpw ]q¿-

63


Wamb kpc£nXt_m[hpw \¬Ip∂p. {kjvSmhns\ `b-s∏-

SmØh\v F√mØns\bpw `bs∏tS≠n hcp∂Xpt]mse,

{kjvSmhpw kwc£I\pamb ssZhsØ am{Xw `bs∏´h\v a-

s‰m∂ns\bpw t]Snt°≠n hcp∂n√. "ssZhßfp'sS A\n-jvS-

ßtfm, {Kl\nebnse A]ISßtfm, Zp»Ip\ßtfm H∂pw

Ahs\ `bs∏SpØp∂n√. Bflob ItºmfØn¬ Ah≥ Nq-

jWw sNøs∏Sp∂n√. amkw sX‰msX {]talhpw c‡-k-Ω-

¿±hpw ]cntim[n®psIm≠ncn°p∂ BƒssZhßfnte°v

tcmKim¥n tXSn Ah≥ t]mIp∂n√. Bflobkn≤n sIm-≠p-

am{Xw tcmKim¥n {][m\w sNøm\mhmsX aƒ´n kvs]jymen‰n

tlmkv]n‰epIsf IqSn Iq´p]nSn°p∂ AΩ ssZhßƒ-°p-ap-

∂n¬ Ah≥ XeIp\n°p∂n√. F√mw {kjvSmhmb ssZhØn¬

ka¿∏n°p∂h≥ A\p`hn°p∂ Bflim¥n A\n¿hN\o-b-

amWv. kºq¿Wamb \n¿`bXzhpw kpc£nXXzt_m[hpw A-

h\\p`hn°p∂p. Ah\v ̀ bs∏Sm\p≈Xpw Iogvs∏Sm\-p-≈-Xpw

{kjvSmhpw kwc£I\pamb ssZhsØ am{Xw. hnip≤

Izp¿B≥ ]d™p :

""h√h\pw kZvhrØ\mbns°m≠v Xs‚ apJsØ A√m-

lp-hn\v ka¿∏n°p∂]£w G‰hpw Dd∏p≈ ]nSnIbdn¬ X-

s∂-bmWv Ah≥ ]nSn®ncn°p∂Xv. A√mlphn¶te°mIp∂p

ImcyßfpsS ]cnWXn.'' (31 : 22)

""....BIbm¬ GsXmcmƒ Zp¿aq¿ØnIsf Ahnizkn-°p-I-

bpw A√mlphn¬ hnizkn°pIbpw sNøp∂pthm Ah≥

]nSn®n´p≈Xv _eap≈ Hcp IbdnemIp∂p. AXv s]m´n t]mIp-

Itb C√. A√mlp (F√mw) tIƒ°p∂h\pw Adnbp∂h\p-

am-Ip∂p.'' (2 : 256)

PmXobX

"". tl; a\pjytc, Xo¿®bmbpw \nßsf \mw Hcp BWn¬

\n∂pw Hcp s]Æn¬\n∂pambn krjvSn®ncn°p∂p. \nßƒ A-

t\ym\yw Adntb≠Xn\v \nßsf \mw hnhn[ kapZmbßfpw

tKm{Xßfpw B°pIbpw sNbvXncn°p∂p. Xo¿®bmbpw A√m-

lphns‚ ASpØv \nßfn¬ G‰hpw BZcWob≥ \nßfn¬

64


G‰hpw [¿Ω\njvT ]men°p∂h\mIp∂p. Xo¿®bmbpw A√m-

lp k¿ΔPvR\pw kq£vaPvRm\nbpamIp∂p.'' (49 : 13)

""a\pjytc, \nßsf Htc BXvamhn¬ \n∂v kr-j-vSn-°pI-

bpw, AXn¬ \n∂pXs∂ AXns‚ CWsbbpw krjvSn°pIbpw,

Ah¿ Ccphcn¬ \n∂pambn [mcmfw ]pcpj≥amscbpw kv-{XoI-

sfbpw hym]n∏n°pIbpw sNbvXh\mb \nßfpsS c£n-Xm-hn-

s\ \nßƒ kq£n°phn≥....'' (4 : 1)

GIssZhhnizmkw a\pjya\ pIfn¬ krjvSn°p∂ {]Xn-

ê\amWv GIam\hnIt_m[w. AYhm kapZmbØns‚ hen-

∏tam tKm{XØns‚ alnatbm sIm≠v B¿°pw {kjvSm-hmb

ssZhØns‚ ap∂n¬ bmsXmcphn[ Hu∂nXyhpw Cs√-∂pw

[¿a\njvTbpsS ASnÿm\ØnemWv Hcmƒ D∂X\pw A[-

a\pambncnØocp∂sX∂pap≈ ImgvN∏mSv. GIssZ-h-hn-izm-k-

Øns‚ kzm`mhnI {]Xnê\amWnXv. "ssZhw H∂v' F∂v

hnizmkn®h≥ "a\pjy¿ H∂v' F∂ ho£WØnte°v kzm-`m-

hnIambpw h∂ptNcp∂p. AXpsIm≠mWv, lnPvd ]Ømw h-¿-

jw Zp¬l÷v amkØn¬, e£Øn¬]cw hcp∂ t{im-Xm-°-

sf A`nkwt_m[\ sNbvXpsIm≠v Ncn{X{]kn≤amb hnShm-

ß¬ {]`mjWØn¬ (l÷Øp¬ hnZmAv) aplΩZv \_n

(k) ]d™Xv. ""am\h kapZmbta! ssZhw H∂v, \nßfpsS ]n-

Xmhv H∂v. \nßsf√mw BZan¬ \n∂p≠mbXmWv. BZtam,

aÆn¬\n∂pw. IqSpX¬ ssZh`‡nbpffh\mtcm Ah\{X

A√mlphn¶¬ t{ijvT≥. Ad_n°v Ad_nb√mØht\°m-

tfm, A\d_n°v Ad_ntb°mtfm "[¿a\njvT'sIm≠√msX

bmXmcp alXzhpan√.'' CXmWv GIssZhhnizmkw a\pjy-

a\ pIfn¬ krjvSn°p∂ am\hnIho£Ww. F∂m¬ _lp-

ssZhhnizmkw krjvSn°p∂ {]Xnê\tam ? BflobXbpsS

hnemkØn¬ a\pjyNcn{XØn¬ GsX√mw cq]Ønep≈ D—-

\oNXzßƒ \ne\n∂n´pt≠m, AsX√mw Xs∂ _lpssZ-h-Xz-

Øns‚ CSs]SepIƒ sIm≠p≠mbXmWv. P∑Øns‚bpw I¿-

aØns‚bpw sXmgnens‚bpw \ndØns‚bpw ̀ mjbpsSbpw tZi-

Øns‚bpw XpSßn ]eXpw am\ZWvUam°n a\pjy¿°nSbn¬

AXv "thenIƒsIń'. sXm´pIqSmØhcpw Xo≠n°qSmØhcpw

65


AXns‚ krjvSnbmWv. kmaqlnIm¥co£w PmXobX sIm≠v

ho¿∏pap´nb \mKcnIXIsfbpw, kwkvIrXnIsfbpw ]T\hn-

t[bam°n t\m°q; AhnsSsb√mw Hfn™pw sXfn™pw _-

lpssZhXzw \nesIm≈p∂XpImWmw. ]ucmWnIamb H´p-an°

kwkvImcßfnepw Hcp cq]Ønes√¶n¬ as‰m-cpcq-]-Øn¬ Pm-

XobX \ne\n∂n´p≠v. {]mNo\ {Koknepw, CuPn]vXnepw, `m-

cXØnepsams° PmXobX hyXykvX cq]`mhßfn¬ \nd™p-

\n∂ncp∂p. a\pjys\ a\pjy≥ ASnabm°n sh°p∂ G‰hpw

henb ZpchÿbmWv PmXobX. kaqlØnse Hcp hn`mKw

F√mhn[Ønepap≈ kpJkzmX{¥yßƒ A\p`hn°ptºmƒ

adphn`mKamIs´ F√mhn[ ASnaXz˛ZpcnXßƒ G‰phmtß≠n

hcp∂p. c≠hÿ°pw \oXoIcn°s∏Smhp∂ bmsXmcp am\-

ZWvUhpan√Xm\pw. XnI™ \oXn\ntj[amWv PmXobX F-

∂¿∞w. PmXobXbpsS IcmflkvXßƒ hcn™papdp°nb

B¿j`mcXØnse kmaqlnIm¥co£w am{Xw \mw ]T-\hn-

t[bam°nbm¬ aXn; AsX¥pam{Xw {Iqcambncp∂p F∂p-a\-

nem°m≥. "NmXp¿h¿Wyw amb krjvSw' F∂phnizkn®ncp∂

B¿j`mcXØnse P\kaqlßƒ B ASnaXz \pIw kzbw

IgpØneWn™v, Bfltam£w tXSn "kz[¿aw' sNøpIbm-

bncp∂p. "B¿j`mcXw; k¶¬]hpw bmYm¿∞yhpw' F∂

{KŸØn¬ kvt\lPm≥ FgpXp∂p. ""{_m“W≥ ssZhk-am-

\\pw \n¿_‘ambpw A\pkcn°s∏tS≠h\pamWv F∂mWv

a\pkvarXnbpsS hn[n. hnÕnbmbmepw hnZzm\mbmepw {_m“-

W-≥ CuizcXpey\mWv. A·n ASp∏nembmepw NpSebnembm-

epw ]qPn°s∏tS≠XmWv F∂v \mcZkvarXnbpw {_m“W≥

Zp¿am¿KnbmsW¶nepw ]qPy\mWv iq{Z\mIs´ PntX{μnb\m-

bm¬t]mepw ]qPy\mhpIbn√ F∂v ]cmickvarXnbpw ]Tn-

∏n°p∂p.''

"B]kvXw_[¿akq{X'Ønse Nne kmaqlnI \nbaßƒ

t\m°pI. ""{_m“Ws\ iImcn® iq{Zs‚ \mhv AdpØpam-‰-

Ww. {_m“Wt\msSm∏w \S∂ iq{Zs\ NΩ´n sIm≠Sn°Ww.

iq{Z≥ tamjvSn®m¬ Ahs‚ kzØv ]nSn®S°n Ahs\ sIm-√-

Ww. Bcykv{Xosb iq{Z≥ {]m]n®m¬ Ahs‚ ]pcpjmhbhw

66


th¿s]SpØn, Ahs‚ kzØp°ƒ ]nSn®S°n Ahs\ sIm-√-

Ww. thZw tI´ iq{Zs‚ ImXn¬ Cuøhpw Ac°pw Dcp°n

Hgn°Ww. thZw D®cn® iq{Zs‚ \mhv AdpØv th¿-s]-Sp-Ø-

Ww. iq{Zs\ A[nt£]n®m¬ {_m“W\v bmsXmcp in£bpw

\¬Im≥ ]mSp≈X√. {_m“W≥ tamjvSn®m¬ Ahs‚

IÆpIƒ c≠pw sI´pI am{Xw sNbvXv Ahs\ shdpsX hn-´--

b°Ww.''

a\pkvarXnbnse \nbaßƒ Cßs\bmWv. ""£{Xnb≥

{_m“Ws\ AXnt£]n®m¬ \qdp]WamWv ]ng. AtXIp‰w

sshiy≥ sNbvXm¬ ]ng Ccp∂qdv ]WamWv. iq{Z≥ {_m-“-

Ws\ NoØ]d™m¬ IcSmhp sIm≠Sn°Ww. £{Xnbs\

{_m“W≥ Bt£]n®mep≈ ]Ww AºXp ]WamWv. ssh-

iys\ Bt£]n®mep≈ ]ng Ccp]Ønb©v ]Ww. iq-{Z-\m-

sW¶n¬ ]{¥≠v ]Ww. iq{Z≥ {_m“Ws\ A]am\n®m¬

Ahs‚ \m°dpØv th¿s]SpØWw. kh¿Ws\ Ah¿W≥

Itø‰w sNbvXm¬ GXv Ahbhw sIm≠mtWm Itø‰w sN-

bvXXv B Ahbhw apdn®p\o°Ww. Itøm hSntbm Hmßnbm¬

ssIapdn®p IfbWw. Nhn´nbm¬ Im¬ ap-dn-®p-I-fbWw.''

"KuXa [¿Ωkq{X'Ønse \nbaßƒ IqSn {i≤n°pI.

""{_m“Ws\ iImcn°pItbm tZtlm]{Zhw sNøpItbm

sNbvX iq{Zs\ AXnte°v Ah≥ D]tbmKs∏SpØnb A-Xm-

XhbhsØ apdn®v th¿s]SptØ≠XmWv. A\mYbmb {_m-

“W kv{Xosb {]m]n°p∂ iq{Zs‚ ]pcpjmhbhw apdn®v th-

¿s]SpØnbtijw kzØp°fpw ]nSns®Sp°Ww. `¿-Xr-kw-c-

£WØnembncn°p∂ {_m“Wkv{Xosb {]m]n°p∂ iq{Zs‚

Ahbhw apdns®SpØv kzØpw ]nSn®S°n sIm√pIbpw thWw.

{_m“Ws\ sIm√p∂ iq{Zsc aq∂v {]mhiyambn Xobnen´p

Ipd®pIpd®mbn Nn{Xh[w sNbvXpsIm√Ww. F∂m¬ iq{Zs\

a‰p≈h¿ sIm∂m¬ Hcp h¿jsØ XShpw ]{¥≠v ]ip°sf

]ngbmbn hkqem°pIbpw sNbvXm¬ aXn.''

B¿j`mcXØnse iq{Z≥am¿ A\p`hn®ncp∂ ]ØpXcw

AkaXzßsf°pdn®v tUm. _n.B¿ Awt_ZvI¿ Xs‚

67


"Bcmbncp∂p iq{Z¿ ?' F∂ ]pkvXIØn¬ C{]Imcw hn-h-cn-

°p∂p.

1. F√m P\kapZmbßfnepw Bcy≥amcn¬ Xmsg am{Xap≈

ÿm\w.

2. Aip≤cmbcpsIm≠v Db¿∂hcpambn CS]gIm≥ ]mSn√.

3. CXckapZmbßƒ°p \¬Ip∂ _lpam\w iq{Z\v

\¬Im≥ ]mSn√.

4. iq{Z≥ sIm√s∏´m¬ sImebmfnbmb ZznP≥am¿ sNdnb

\jvS]cnlmcw \¬Inbm¬ aXn.

5. Adnhpw hnZym`ymkhpw ]mSn√.

6. kzØv ]mSn√.

7. HutZymKnI ]ZhnItfm ÿm\am\ßtfm ]mSn√.

8. Db¿∂ PmXn°msc acW]cy¥w tkhn°Ww.

9. an{ihnhmlw ]mSn√. ta¬PmXn kv{XoIsf iq{Z≥

sXm´m¬ {Iqcambn in£n°Ww. F∂m¬ iq{Zkv{XoIsf

ta¬PmXn°m¿°v sh∏m´nbm°mhp∂XmWv.

10. P∑w sIm≠pXs∂ iq{Z≥ ASnabmbncn°pw.(2)

{io i¶cmNmcy¿ Xs‚ "{_“kq{X`mjy'Øn¬ FgpXn.

""iq{Z\v {_“⁄m\Øn\[nImcan√. Fs¥∂m¬ kvarXn

Abmƒ thZw tIƒ°p∂Xns\bpw A[ymb\w sNøp∂Xn-s\-

bpw {]Xntj[n®ncn°p∂p. thZ{ihWØns‚ {]Xntj[hpw

thZm¿∞⁄m\Øns‚bpw thZm\pjvTm\Øns‚bpw {]Xn-

tj[hpw iq{Zs\ kw_‘n®v kvarXnIfn¬ sNbv-Xnc-n-°p-∂p.

{ihW{]Xntj[Øn\v DZmlcWambn thZhIyw {ihn®m-¬

AbmfpsS sNhnbn¬ Cuøhpw Ac°pw Dcp°nsbmgn°Ww.

iq{Z≥ k©cn°p∂ ivaim\amIp∂p. AXpsIm≠v iq{Zs‚

ASpØpsh®v thZw A[ymb\w sNøm≥ ]mSn√! CXpsIm≠v

A[ymb\ {]Xntj[hpw hn[n®ncn°p∂p. Fs¥∂m¬ bm-sXm-

cphs‚ kao]w A[ymb\w sNøm≥ ]mSn√tbm Ah≥ kzbw

68


A[ymb\w sNøp∂sXßs\ ? Ah¿ thtZm®mcWw sN-bv-

Xm¬ PnlmtOZw sNøWw. thZa{¥ßƒ [cn®m¬ sIm√Ww

F∂pw ]d™n´p≠v. AXn\m¬ Abmƒ°v thZm-¿-∞-⁄m-\-

hpw A\pjvTm\hpw ]mSns√∂v kn≤n°p∂p. iq{Z\v _p≤n

(⁄m\w) sImSp°cpXv F∂pw ]d™n´p≠v.''(3)

PmXobX ̀ mcXØnse at‰sXmcp {]tZisØ°mƒ \nμyam-

b cq]Øn¬ \ne\n∂ {]tZiamWv tIcfw. Atßb‰w Xm-gv-

∂hcmbn KWn°s∏ńcp∂ P\hn`mKßfpsS am{Xa√, Hcp-hn-

[w Db¿∂hcmbn IW°m°s∏Sp∂ \mb¿ kaqlØn¬-t]m-

epw PmXobX sNdpXmsbm∂pa√ kzm[o\w sNepØnbXv.

]sØmºXmw \q‰m≠nse \mb¿ kaqlØns‚ PohnXsØ

G‰hpw \nμyamb cq]Øn¬ PmXobX Ih¿s∂SpØXn\v N-

cn{Xw km£nbmWv. ip≤amsbmcp ZmºXyPohnXwt]mepw \m-

b¿ kapZmbØn\p≠mbncp∂n√. GsXmcp \mbcpambpw {_m-

“Wcpambpw kwk¿Kw sNøm≥ \mb¿ kv{XoIƒ°v Af-hn-

√mØ kzmX{¥yw e`n°s∏ńcp∂p. kzm`mhnIambpw A-\n-b-

{¥nXamb kzmX{¥yØneqsS \mb¿ kv{XoIƒ NqjWw sN-

øs∏SpIbmbncp∂p. "Fs‚ PohnXkvacWIfn'¬ a∂Øp ]-

fl\m`≥ FgpXp∂p. ""IeymWw F∂ptI´m¬ kv-{Xo-]p-cp-j-≥-

amsc ̀ mcym`¿Øm°≥amcm°p∂ HcSnb¥ncsa∂mWt√m km-

[mcW a\ nem°p∂Xv..... Hcp \ºqXncn Hcp A-¥¿-÷-\-sØ-

tbm Hcp ]peb≥ Hcp ]pebnsbtbm IeymWw Ign®p F∂p-

tI´m¬ ]pcpj\v Hcp ̀ mcybpw kv{Xo°v Hcp ̀ ¿Ømhpap≠mbn

F∂mWv a\ nem°p∂Xv..... F∂m¬ \mbcpsS hoń¬ Hcp

IeymWw \S∂p F∂ptI´m¬ kv{Xo°v Hcp `¿Ømhpw

]pcpj\v Hcp `mcybpap≠mbns√∂mWv \mw [cnt°≠Xv.''(4)

F¥psIm≠mWv Aßs\ [cnt°≠n hcp∂sX∂v sIm®n-cm-

PyNcn{Xw H∂mw ]pkvXIØn¬ sI.]n ]fl\m`tat\m≥ hn-

hcn°p∂p. ""kv{XoIƒ°pw ]pcpj≥am¿°pw hnhmlsa∂ {Inb

C√. kv{XoIƒ°v ]{¥≠v ]Xn\mev hb mhptºmƒ XmensI v́

Fs∂mcp {Inbbp≠v. AXpIgn™m¬ AhcpsS CjvSwt]mse

\S°mw. Xmgv∂ PmXn°mcpambn kwk¿Kw sNbvXpIqSm. a‰v

\mb≥amcpw {_m“Wcpambn kwk¿Kw sNømw. IeymW-Øn-

69


s‚ ASbmfambn hnNmcn°mhp∂ IgpØn¬sI´p∂ NcSv

CjvSw t]mse Ifbmw. {_mlvWcn¬ aqØtPyjvT≥ am{Xw

kzPmXnbn¬ hnhmlw Ign°pw. _m°nbp≈h¿ \mb¿ kv-{Xo-

Ifpambn kwk¿Kw sNøp∂p. Xmgv∂ PmXnbnep≈ kv{Xo-I-

fpambn ta¬PmXn ]pcpj≥am¿ kwk¿Kw sNbvXm¬ {`jv-Sp-

s≠-∂p≈ \nbaØn\v Cu \S∏v Hcp hyXymkamWv.

kv{Xo]pcpj≥amcpsS kwk¿KhnjbØnep≈ kzmX{¥y-

Øn\v Afhn√. ]pcpj≥am¿°v CjvSwt]mse FhnsSbpw

Ibdn F¥pwsNømw. `¿Ømhv Xs∂bmbmepw bmsXmcp

XS hpw sNbvXpIqSm. hmXp°¬ Bbp[w Nmcnsh-®n-cn-°p-

∂Xp I≠m¬ `¿ØmhpIqSn aSßnt∏mWw. _lp`¿XrXzw

H´pw Akm[mcWambncp∂n√... Hcmƒ D≈t∏mƒ as‰mcmƒ

sN√mXncn°phm\mbn Fs¥¶nepw HcSbmfw hmXp°¬

h®ncn°pw... A—s‚ \n›bw t]mcm™XpsIm≠v apX-e-h-Im-

ihpw ]n¥pS¿®bpw kv{Xohgn°mWv... kv{Xo k-¥m-\-an-√m-Xm-

hptºmƒ ZsØSp°p∂p. ZsØSpØn´p≈hcpw icnbmb k-

tlmZcktlmZcnamcpw XΩn¬ bmsXmcp hyXymkhpw

ImWn°p∂n√.''(5)

ae_m¿ Kk‰nb¿ c≠mw ]pkvXIØn¬ Uyqh¿´v _m¿-

t_mk FgpXn. ""Cu \mb≥am¿ hnhmlw Ign°pIbmIs´,

kv{XoIsftbm IpńIsftbm c£n°pIbmhs´ sNøp∂n√...

\mb¿ kv{XoIƒ {_m“Wcpamtbm \mb≥amcpamtbm CjvSw-

t]mse can®phcp∂p. F∂m¬ Xßfn¬ XmWPmXn°mcmb

]pcpj≥amcpambn acn®mepw Ah¿ can°pamdn√. kv{XoIƒ°v

]tØm ]{¥t≠m hb v {]mbw sN∂m¬ AhcpsS AΩ Hcp

IeymW ASnb¥ncw \SØnhcp∂p... Cu ASnb¥ncw Ign-

™m¬ kv{Xobv°p Xs∂°mƒ XmWPmXnb√mØXmb GXp

]pcpjt\mSp IqSnsb¶nepw can°p∂Xn¬ hntcm[an√. F∂m¬

BZysØ tkI{Inb \SØphm≥ ]pcpj≥am¿ A[nIhpw

HcpßmØXn\m¬ IpńbpsS AΩbv°v Iptd _p≤nap´v D≠m-

Imdp≠v. CXv Hcphn[w \nhrØn®m¬ AΩbpsS ]n∂sØ

_p≤nap´v Ipń°v Hcp kw_‘°mcs\ D≠m°p∂ Imcy-Øn-

emWv. F∂m¬ s]Ïpń kpμcnbmsW¶n¬ aqt∂m \mtem

70


\mb≥am¿ H∂n®pIqSn s]ÏpńtbmSv kw_‘w XpSßphm-

\pw AhfpsSbpw a‰pw Nnehv \SØphm\pw G¿∏mSv sNøp∂p.

Cßs\ F{XI≠v A[nIw ]pcpj≥am¿ Hcp kv{Xo°v kw_-

‘ambpt≠m A{XI≠v A[nIw am\yXbnemWv P\ßƒ

Ahsf hnNmcn®phcp∂Xv. Hcp Znhkw D®t\cw apX¬ ]nt‰-

Znhkw D®hsc Hcp ]pcpj\pambn can°pw. AXpIgn™v thsd

Hcp ]pcpj≥ hcnIbmbn. Cßs\ ]pcpj≥am¿ Dugan´p

hcnIbpw B¿°pw AhfpsS t\sc kpJt°Sv D≠mImXn-cn-

°pIbpw sNøp∂p. kv{Xosb hn´pt]mIphm≥ a\ p≈h\v

A-ßs\ sNøphm≥ hntcm[hpan√... Hcp ]pcpjs‚ ta¬ Xr-

]vXnbns√¶n¬ Ahs\ Dt]£n°p∂Xn\v Ahƒ°pw kzm-

X{¥yap≠v. IpńIsf AΩbpsS tkmZc≥amcpamWv sNehv

sImSpØv kwc£n°p∂Xv. ImcWw IpńIfpsS A—≥ Bcm-

sW∂v \n›ban√t√m. Hcp kabw A—≥ C∂h\msW∂v

Xo¿®bmbmepw IpńIƒ A—s‚ a°fmbn´p hnNmcn°mdn√.

A—≥am¿ IpńIƒ°v bmsXm∂pw sImSp°pIbpw sNømdn√.''(6)

C{Xam{Xw IpØgn™ PohnXcoXnIfnte°pw kmwkv-Im-

cnI A[x]X\Ønte°pw \mb¿ kapZmbsØ hgn \SØnbXv

PmXobX Xo¿Ø kmaqlnI{Iaw aqeamWv. a∂Øp ]fl\m`≥

"Fs‚ PohnXkvacWIfn'¬ \mb¿ kapZmbØn¬ \ne-\n-∂n-

cp∂ Cu Po¿WXbpsS t]cn¬, XncphnXmwIq¿ sslt°mSXn

\mb¿ kv{Xo°v P\n°p∂ IpńIƒ°v A—≥amcn¬ \n∂v kw-

c£WmhImiw B{Kln°phm≥ AhImians√∂v hn[n

{]kvXmhn®Xv D≤cn°p∂p≠v. ""Ccp]Xmw \q‰m≠n¬ Xn-cp-hn-

XmwIq¿ sslt°mSXnbnse {_m“W PUvPnamcpsS hn-[n-bnse

Hcp `mKw : ""\mb≥am¿°v hnhml_‘ans√∂pw, A-h-cpsS

A—≥ BcmsW∂v \n›bans√∂pw, Ah¿ th-iym-]p-{X-≥-

amcmsW∂pw, AhcpsS k¥XnIƒ°v A—\n¬ \n∂pw kw-c-

£WmhImiw B{Kln°m≥ Xs∂ AhImians√∂pw ...'' a-

‰pambncp∂p.(7)

F¥n\[nIw ]dbWw \mb¿ kapZmbØn¬ \ne\n∂ncp-

∂, Ct∏mgpw ]ebnSØpw \ne\n¬°p∂ "acpa°Ømb'

k{ºZmbw, ]nXmhmcmsW∂dnbmØ Cu {]Xnk‘nbn¬

71


\n∂pw cq]wsIm≠XmsW∂pw Ncn{XImc≥amcn¬ ]e¿°pw

]£ap≠v. sI.]n.Fkv tat\m≥ Xs‚ "BflIY'bnsegpXp∂p.

""\mb≥amcpsS CSbn¬ Hcp ImeØv _lp`¿XrXz k{ºZm-

bamWv \ne\n∂ncp∂sX∂Xp sIm≠mWv Cu ]cnWm-a-Øn-

seØnbXv F∂XmWv as‰mcp hyJym\w; Hcp kv{Xo°v ̀ ¿Øm-

°≥am¿ ]ecmbncn°ptºmƒ Bcn¬ \n∂v GXpIp´n P\n®p

F∂p Xncns®Sp°m≥ kzm`mhnIambn {]bmkw t\cnSpapt√m...

amXrXzw Hcp hkvXpXbmbncns° ]nXrXzØn\v Hcp ssk-≤m-

¥nI {]m[m\yw am{Xtabp≈q. amXrXzw kwibclnXamb Hcp

hkvXpXbmsW∂p≈XpsIm≠v AXns‚ ASnÿm\Øn¬

hf¿∂ph∂XmWv C∂m´nse acpa°Ømb k{ºZmbsa∂mWv

Hcp ]£w.''(8)

1788 s^{_phcnbn¬ Xmact»cn hgn ap∏Xn\mbncw `S-≥-

amcpambn Ip‰n∏pdsØØnb Sn∏p kp¬Øm≥ \SØnb hn-fw-

_cØn¬ \mb≥am¿°nSbn¬ \ne\n∂ncp∂ Cu Po¿-W-kw-

kvImcsØ {]tXyIw ]cma¿in®bmXn sI.]n ]fl-\m-̀ -ta-t\m≥

"sIm®n cmPyNcn{Xw' c≠mw ]pkvXIØn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bncn-

°p∂Xnßs\. ""aebmfcmPyw AS°n FSpØ Znhkw apX¬

C∂phsc 24 sIm√ambn \nßƒ iT∑mcpw A\pk-cW-bn-√m-

Øhcpambn ImWp∂p. h¿jImeØp \S∂ iWvTbn¬ \Ωp-

sS ]SbmfnIfn¬ ]escbpw \nßƒ kXyc£-°p-th-≠p-∂

acWw F∂ AarXns\ BkzZn∏n®ncn°p∂p. AXv Aß-s\-

bmhs´. Ign™sX√mw Ign™p. C\n \nßfpsS \S]Sn H-

∂pam‰Ww. kzÿambn hkn®v \ymbambn ASbv°phm\p≈

\nIpXn apXembXv AS®pt]mcWw. \nßfpsS CSbn¬ Hcp

kv{Xo ]Øv ]pcpj≥amtcmSp IqSn kwk¿§w sNøp∂Xpw \n-

ßfpsS AΩs]ßm∑sc Cu hn[w [q¿Øbmbn \S°phm≥

bmsXmcp XShpw IqSmsX \nßƒ kΩXn°p∂Xpw ]q¿ΔmNm-

cambncn°p∂ ÿnXn°v \nßƒ F√mhcpw hy`nNmcØn¬

P\n®hcpw kv{Xo]pcpj≥amcpsS kwk¿KhnjbØn¬ ]m-S-

Øpta™p \S°p∂ I∂pImenItf°mƒ \n¿e÷≥amcpw

BIp∂p. C{]Imcap≈ ]m]Icamb ZpcmNmcßsf XyPn®p

km[mcW a\pjysct∏mse \S°phm≥ \mw CXn\m¬ \n-ß-

72


tfmSv B⁄m]n°p∂p. Cu B⁄sb A\pkcn°m-Xn-cn°p-

∂p F¶n¬ \nßƒ F√mhscbpw Ckvemw F∂ am\ym-hÿ-

bn¬ tN¿°p∂XmsW∂pw {]amWnam¿ F√mhscbpw Xeÿm-

\tØ°b°p∂XmsW∂pw \mw ]e Dcp kXyw sNbvXn´p-

≠v.''(9)

_lpssZhXzØns‚ krjvSnbmb PmXobX F{Xam{Xw

Po¿Wn®gpInb kmaqlnIm¥co£amWv cq]s∏SpØnbsX∂v

a\ nem°m≥ ]sØm≥]Xmw \q‰m≠nse tIcfØnse \mb¿

kaqlØns‚ am{Xw Ncn{Xw ]cntim[n®m¬ aXnbmIpw. F{X-

sb{X {]mNo\ kwkvImcßfnemWv PmXobXsIm≠v _lp-

ssZhhnizmkw ssZham¿KØn¬ \n∂pw PohnXhn-ip-≤n-bn¬

\n∂pw am\hkaqlsØ hgn]ng∏n®pIf™Xv. "tIcfw Hcp

{`m¥mebw' F∂p kzman hnthIm\μ≥ ]d™p-t]m-bn-´ps≠-

¶n¬ AXnse¥m›cys∏Sm\ncn°p∂p. PmXobX Hcp {`m¥p-

Xs∂bmWv; ImcWw AX{Xta¬ a\pjyXzlo\amWv.

]utcmlnXyw

]utcmlnXysØ krjvSn°p∂p F∂XmWv _lpssZhhn-

izmkØns‚ as‰mcp Zqjy^ew. ssZhhnizmksØbpw aX-

hnizmksØbpw Atßb‰w hnIrXh¬°cn®Xn¬ ]ut-

cmlnXyw sNdpXmsbm∂pa√ ]¶phln®n´p≈Xv. ssZhhnizmk

Ncn{XØn¬ ImWs∏Sp∂ kIe tæOXIfpw sshIrXßfpw

]utcmlnXyØns‚ "kw`mh\'IfmWv F∂p]d™m¬ AsXm-

cn°epw sX‰mb hnebncpØemhn√. ImcWw {]mNo\hpw

B[p\nIhpamb kwkvImcßfn¬ ImWp∂ ASnÿm-\-c-ln-

Xhpw {]mIrXhpamb F√m Bflob t]°qØpIƒ°pw ap-

∂n¬ \S∂Xv ]ptcmlnX≥amcmWv. {]mNo\ CuPn]vXnepw,

{Koknepw tdmanepw, `mcXØnepw kvs]bn\nepw C‰enbnepw

Akodnbbnepw, kvIm≥Unt\hnbbnepw XpSßn F√m kw-kv-

Imcßfnepw \ne\n∂ncp∂ IncmXhpw a\pjyXz-lo-\-hpw

AkmwkvImcnIhpamb F√m aX]camb k{ºZmbßfpw B-

Nmcßfpw krjvSn®Xpw hf¿ØnbXpw ]utcmlnXyamWv. a\p-

jys‚ sshb‡nI˛kmaqlnI PohnXw Atßb‰w Zp- -l-am-

73


°pIbpw Ahsc XpeyXbn√mØhn[w NqjWßƒ-°p hn-

t[-bam°pIbpw sNbvXXv Hmtcm kaqlßfnepw \n-e-

\n∂ncp∂ ]ptcmlnX≥amcmsW∂v ImWmw.

`mcXØn¬ "tZhZmkn' k{ºZmbßfneqsS kv{Xo kaql-

sØ ]ptcmlnX≥am¿ NqjWw sNbvXt∏mƒ ]ucmWnI {Ko-

knse ]utcmlnXyw "At{^msU‰v' tZhXbpsSbpw "sIm´nt‰m'

tZhXbpsSbpw t]cn¬ AhnSpsØ kv{Xo kaqlsØ NqjWw

sNøpIbmbncp∂p. ssk{]kn¬ ^n\njy≥ tZhXbmb "A-

kv‰m¿´' F∂ ssZhØns‚ t]cnembncp∂p AhnSpsØ kv{Xo

kaqlØns‚ am\hpw Nmcn{Xhpw ]ptcmlnX≥am¿ Ih¿s∂-

SpØXv. ]ucmWnI CuPn]vXnemhs´ "Hkocnkv' tZhs‚ t]-

cnembncp∂p kv{XoIsf ]ptcmlnX≥am¿ NqjWhnt[bam-

°nbXv. Ingt° Gjybn¬ Cu NqjWØn\v t\XrXzw

\¬InbXv Xtbm aXmNmcy≥amcpw _p≤ ]ptcmlnX≥-amcpam-

bncp∂p. {]mNo\ ]mekvXo\n¬ "_m¬]nbq¿' tZhs‚ t]cn-

embncp∂p ]ptcmlnX≥amcpsS NqjWßƒ \SamSnbncp∂Xv.

ssewKnI NqjWw am{Xa√ a\pjycpsS kºØpw A`nam\hpw

hy‡nXzhpsa√mw ]ptcmlnX≥am¿ NqjWw sNbvXncp∂Xn\v

]ucmWnIamb ]e kwkvIrXnIfpw Ncn{Xkm£yßfmWv.

_lpssZhhnizmkamWv ]utcmlnXysØ krjvSn°p∂Xv

F∂p ]d™pht√m. F¥psIm≠mWv GIssZhhnizmkØn-

¬ ]utcmlnXyØn\v CSan√mXmbXv ?

ssZhØn\pw a\pjy¿°panSbn¬ hnShpIƒ Xo¿°ptºmgm-

Wv ]utcmlnXyw P\n°p∂Xv. t\¿°pt\sc ASp°phmt\m

kmao]yw Icÿam°phmt\m IgnbmØ i‡nbpw ]cnip≤n-

bpambn ssZhsØ k¶¬]n°ptºmƒ a\pjys\bpw ssZh-

sØbpw XΩn¬ _‘n∏n°phm\p≈ "CSIÆn'Ifmbn hymP-

ssZhßƒ ]ndhnsbSp°pw. a\pjys\ bYm¿∞ ssZh-Øn-

te°v ASp∏n°phm≥ DZbw sNbvX Cu hymPssZhßfpsS

`qanbnse {]Xn\n[nIfpw ]cnip≤ tkhI≥amcpambmWv ]u-

tcmlnXyw P∑w sIm≈p∂Xv. ImcWw hymPssZhßƒ°v

AhcpsS AÿnXzhpw alXzhpw Io¿Ønbpw \ne\n¿Øm≥

74


CØcw {]Xn\n[nIƒ IqSntb Xocq. Cu {]Xn\n[nIfpsS

]Wn-bmWv "ssZhßfp'sS Io¿Ø\ßƒ a\pjykaqlsØ

]Tn-∏n°pI F∂p≈Xv. B Io¿Ø\ßfmWv a\pjys\ ssZ-

h-am-¿KØn¬ \n∂pw "ssZhßfp'sS am¿KØnte°v hgn-

sX‰n®p hnSp∂Xv. NqjWßfpsSbpw tæOXIfpsSbpw sshIr-

X-ß-fpsSbpw am¿Kßfn¬ AXp a\pjys\ sIms≠Øn°p∂p.

]utcmlnXyw a\pjys\ NßeIfn¬ _‘n°pIbpw

Ahs\s°m≠v `mcw hen∏n°pIbpamWv sNøp∂Xv. A‘-

hnizmkßfpsSbpw A\mNmcßfpsSbpw NßeIfn¬ Ahs\

_‘n°p∂p. {]mIrXhpw ITn\hpamb Bcm[\IƒsIm≠v

AXp a\pjys\ `mcw hln∏n°p∂p. aXØns‚ emfnXytam

Bizmktam AXp a\pjy\v \ntj[n°p∂p. {]IrXnhncp≤amb

Im¿°iyhpw, [m¿anIhncp≤amb kzmX{¥yhpw, kw-kv-Im-

ciq\yamb "[¿a\njvT'Ifpw, ASnÿm\clnXamb `bhpw,

AXn¿hcºpIƒ t`Zn°p∂ `‡nbpw AXp a\pjy\p kΩm-

\n°p∂p. Aßs\ a\pjy≥ Ah\dnbmsX NqjWw sNøs∏-

SpIbpw hnip≤nbpsS am¿KØn¬ \n∂v ]pdwX≈s∏SpIbpw

sNøp∂p. hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ ]d™sX{X kXyw.

""kXyhnizmknItf, ]WvUnX≥amcnepw ]ptcmlnX≥am-cn-

epw s]´ [mcmfw t]¿ P\ßfpsS [\w A\ymbambn Xn∂p-

Ibpw, A√mlphns‚ am¿KØn¬ \n∂v (Ahsc) XSbpIbpw

sNøp∂p.'' (9 : 34)

F¥psIm≠mWv GIssZhhnizmkØn¬ ]utcmlnXyØn-

\v CSans√∂v ]dbp∂Xv ? AhnsS a\pjy\pw ssZhØn\panS-

bn¬ bmsXmcphn[ hnShpItfm XS ßtfm C√ F∂Xp-Xs∂-

bmWv AXns‚ ImcWw. a\pjy\v kman]yw {]Xo£n°phm≥

hIbn√mØ hnip≤nb√, GIssZhhnizmkw ]Tn∏n°p∂ ssZ-

hhnip≤n. adn®v a\pjys‚ keI Aip≤nIfpw C√mbva sN-

øp∂, Ahs\ kIeamen\yßfn¬ \n∂pw ip≤oIcn°p∂h-

\mWv ssZhsa∂XmWv GIssZhhnizmkw a\pjys\

]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. alm]cnip≤\mb ssZhw a\pjyt\mSv Atß-

b‰w ImcpWyap≈h\pw a\pjys\ hnaeoIcn°phm≥ AXn-

75


bmbn CjvSs∏Sp∂h\pamWv. hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ ]d™p: ""\n-

t∂mSv Fs‚ Zmk≥am¿ Fs∂∏‰n tNmZn®m¬ Rm≥ (Ah-

¿°v G‰hpw) ASpØp≈h\mIp∂p (F∂v ]dbpI). {]m¿-∞n-

°p∂h≥ Fs∂ hnfn®v {]m¿∞n®m¬ Rm≥ B {]m¿∞\bv°v

DØcw \¬Ip∂XmWv. AXpsIm≠v Fs‚ Blzm\w Ah¿

kzoIcn°pIbpw, F∂n¬ Ah¿ hnizkn°pIbpw sNøs´.

Ah¿ t\¿hgn {]m]n°phm≥ th≠nbmWnXv.'' (2 : 186)

""Xo¿®bmbpw a\pjys\ \mw krjvSn®ncn°p∂p. Ahs‚

a\ v a{¥n®p sIm≠ncn°p∂Xv \mw AdnbpIbpw sNøp∂p.

\mw (Ahs‚) IWvT\mUnsb°mƒ Aht\mSv ASpØh\pw

BIp∂p.'' (50 : 16)

a\pjyt\mSv Atßb‰w ASpØh\mWv ]cnip≤\mb

ssZhw. a\pjys‚ a\ v a{¥n®psIm≠ncn°p∂Xpt]mepw

Adnbp∂ B ssZhsØ {]m¿∞n°phmt\m Ahs‚ kman]yw

Icÿam°phmt\m a\pjy\v HcmfpsSbpw ip]m¿itbm am-

[yÿtam Bhiyan√. CSbmf≥am¿°v bmsXmcp ]Wn-bp-an-

√mØ GIssZhhnizmkØn¬ CSbmf≥amcpsS ]Wn°m¿°v

CSan√mXmhpI kzm`mhnIw am{Xw. hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ ]dbp∂p

""Ah\mIp∂p Pohn®ncn°p∂h≥. Ah\√msX bmsXmcp

ssZhhpan√. AXn\m¬ IogvhW°w Ah\v \njvIf¶-am-°n-

s°m≠v \nßƒ Aht\mSv {]m¿XvYn°pI. temIßfpsS c-£n-

Xmhmb A√mlphn∂v kvXpXn.'' (40 : 65)

""A√mlpthmsSm∏w thsd bmsXmcp ssZhsØbpw \o hn-

fn®v {]m¿∞n°pIbpw sNøcpXv. Ah\√msX bmsXmcp ssZ-

hhpan√. Ahs‚ XncpapJw HgnsI F√m hkvXp°fpw \m-i-

aSbp∂XmWv. Ah∂75p≈XmWv hn[nI¿ØrXzw.

Ah¶te°v Xs∂ \nßƒ aS°s∏SpIbpw sNøpw.'' (28 : 88)

Ipdn∏pIƒ

1. _pJmcn.

76


2.B¿j`mcXw : k¶¬]hpw bmYm¿∞yhpw, ZAvh _pIvkv.

3. Ibid.

4. ]sØmºXmw \q‰m≠nse tIcfw, ]n. `mkvIc\pÆn

tIcf kmlnXy A°mZan.

5. Ibid.

6. Ibid.

7. Ibid.

8. Ibid.

9. Ibid.

77


F¥psIm≠v

GIssZhhnizmkw

Cu alm{]]©Øn\v Hcp {kjvSmhp≠v; hnkvabmhlamb

Cu {]]©sØ krjvSn°pIbpw kwhn[m\n°pIbpw sNbvX

{kjvSmhv. {]]©Ønse kqjvahpw ÿqehpamb GsXmcp

hkvXphn\pw ]n∂nep≈ AXnibIcamb IWniXbpw

hyhÿm]nXXzhpw ]T\hnt[bam°p∂ Hcmƒ°v {kjv-Sm-

hns‚ AÿnXzsØ \ntj[n°m≥ Ignbn√. LS\m]camb

]q¿WXbpw A¤pXIcamb ]mckv]cyhpw hnfßn \n¬°p∂

Cu {]]©Ønse hkvXp°sfm∂pw BIkvanIambn DSseSp-

ØXmsW∂v Nn¥n°p∂h¿°v ]dbm\mhn√. ssPh-m-ssP-

hamb Hmtcm hkvXp°fnepw ZriyamIp∂ IWniXbpw hy-h-

ÿm]nXhpw k¶o¿Whpamb Cu hyhÿsb∏‰n Nn¥n°p∂

GsXmcmfpw ]d™pt]mIpw; Xo¿®bmbpw Cu alm{]]©-

Øn\v Hcp {kjvSmhp≠v. hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ ]d™p.

""Xo¿®bmbpw BImißfpsSbpw `qanbpsSbpw krjv-Sn-bn-

epw, cm]IepIƒ amdn amdn hcp∂Xnepw k¬_p≤nbp≈h¿°v

]e ZrjvSm¥ßfpap≠v. \n∂psIm≠pw Ccp∂psIm≠pw

InS∂psIm≠pw A√mlpsh Hm¿an°pIbpw, BIm-i-ß-fp-sS-

bpw `qanbpsSbpw krjvSnsb]‰n Nn¥n®v sIm≠ncn°pIbpw

78


sNøp∂hcs{X Ah¿. (Ah¿ ]dbpw) RßfpsS c£nXmth!

\o \nc¿∞Iambn krjvSn®X√ CXv. \o F{Xtbm ]cnip≤≥!

AXn\m¬ \cIin£bn¬ \n∂v Rßsf ImØpc£n°tW.''

(3 : 190, 191)

""BImi`qanIfpsS krjvSn∏nepw, cm]IepIfpsS am‰-Øn-

epw, a\pjy¿°v D]Imcap≈ hkvXp°fpambn ISeneqsS k©-

cn°p∂ I∏enepw, BImiØv \n∂v A√mlp ag sNmcn™p-

X∂n v́ \n¿PohmhkvYbv°p tijw ̀ qan°v AXpaptJ\ Poh≥

\¬InbXnepw, ̀ qanbn¬ F√mXcw P¥ph¿Kßsfbpw hym-]n-

∏n®Xnepw, Im‰pIfpsS KXn{IaØnepw, BImi`qanIƒ-°-n-S-

bneqsS \nb{¥n®v \bn°s∏Sp∂ taLØnepw Nn¥n°p∂

P\ßƒ°v ]e ZrjvSm¥ßfpap≠v; Xo¿®.'' (2 : 164)

{kjvSmhpw kwc£I\pamb {]]©\mYs‚ AÿnXzw

F√m aXßfpw BflobZ¿i\ßfpw AwKoIcn°p∂p≠v.

ssP\aXsØbpw Nm¿hmI Z¿i\sØbpw t]mep≈ A]q¿-

hamb A]hmZßƒ Hgn®p\n¿Ønbm¬, samØØn¬ ssZ-hm-

ÿnXzw F√m aXßfpsSbpw BflobZ¿i\ßfpsSbpw ASn-

ÿm\amWv. {]]©\mYs‚ kØm]camb GIXzw AwKo-I-

cn°p∂ ]eaXßfpw ]t£, Ahs‚ kºq¿Wamb GIXzw

kwip≤amb coXnbn¬ Dƒs°m≈p∂n√ F∂XmWv hmkvXhw.

kºq¿Whpw kwip≤hpamb GIXzw F∂XpsIm≠v hnh-£n-

°p∂Xv, kØbnepw, KpWhntijWßfnepw, B KpWhn-ti-

jWßfpsS A\nhmcyXm¬]cyambn DSseSp°p∂ A[nImcm-

hImißfnepw ssZhsØ GI\m°pI F∂XmWv. AYhm

ssZhØn\v kaPmXntbm, ]nXmthm, ]p{Xt\m, amXmthm, ]p-

{Xntbm. AhXmcßtfm, ]cmÿnXzhpambn tN¿∂ kØtbm

k¶¬]n°pItbm, Ahs‚ KpWhntijßƒ GsXmc-¿-∞-

ØnemtWm Ah\p≈Xv AtX A¿∞Øn¬ a‰p≈hcnepw D-

s≠∂v hnizkn°pItbm, Ahs‚ KpWhntijßfpsS A-\n-

hmcy Xm¬]cyßfpambn _‘s∏´ {]m¿∞\Iƒ, Bcm-[-\-

Iƒ, t\¿®Iƒ, hgn]mSpIƒ XpSßnbh a‰p≈h¿°v ka¿∏n-

°pItbm sNbvXm¬ kºq¿Whpw kwip≤hpamb GIssZ--h-

hnizmkØn¬ \n∂pw ZnimhyXnbm\w kw`hn°p∂p. GIssZ-

79


h hnizmkØn¬ \n∂p≈ sNdnb Hcp hyXnbm\w t]mepw

Atßb‰w KpcpXcamb am¿K{`wiØnte°pw Xocm\miØn-

te°pw a\pjys\ \bn°p∂p. sFlnIhpw ]mc{XnIhpamb

Xocm\jvSw a\pjys\ tXSnsbØp∂p. tam£Øns‚ ]Sn-h-m-

XnepIƒ Ah\pap∂n¬ sIm´nbS°s∏Sp∂p. hnip≤ Izp¿B≥

]dbp∂p.

""A√mlpthmsSm∏w as‰mcp ssZhsØbpw \o kvYm]n-°-

cpXv. F¶n¬ A]am\nX\pw Isømgn°s∏´h\pambn \o Ccn-

t°≠n hcpw.'' (17 : 22)

""h√h\pw A√mlpthmsSm∏w a‰v h√ ssZhsØbpw hnfn®v

{]m¿XvYn°p∂ ]£w˛ AXn\v Ahs‚ ]°¬ bmsXmcp

{]amWhpw C√ Xs∂ ˛ Ahs‚ hnNmcW Ahs‚ c£n-Xm-

hns‚ ASp°¬ sh®pXs∂bmbncn°pw. kXy\ntj[nIƒ hn-

Pbw {]m]n°pIbn√; Xo¿®.'' (23 : 117)

""A¥ykabw \nehn¬ hcp∂ Znhkw Ip‰hmfnIƒ Bi-

b‰hcmIpw. Ah¿ ]¶mfnIfm°nbhcpsS Iq´Øn¬ Ah¿°v

ip]m¿i°m¿ Bcpap≠mbncn°pIbn√. AhcpsS B ]¶m-

fnIsfØs∂ Ah¿ \ntj[n°p∂hcmhpIbpw sNøpw. A¥y-

kabw \nehn¬ hcp∂ Znhkw ˛ A∂mWv Ah¿ th¿-]n-cn-bp-

∂Xv.'' (30 : 12˛14)

""]dbpI: A√mlphn\v ]pdsa \nßƒ P¬]n®psIm≠ncn-

°p∂htcmsS√mw \nßƒ {]m¿∞n®v t\m°pI. BImi-Øn-

emIs´ `qanbnemIs´ Hcp AWphns‚ Xq°w t]mepw Ah¿

DSas∏SpØp∂n√. Ah c≠nepw Ah¿°v bmsXmcp ]¶pan√.

AhcpsS Iq´Øn¬ Ah\v klmbnbmbn Bcpan√.'' (34 : 22)

ssZhØns‚ GIXzw Du∂n∏dbpIbpw _lpssZhhnizm-

ksØ \JinJm¥w hna¿in°pIbpw sNøp∂ {KŸamWv

hnip≤ Izp¿B≥. "F¥psIm≠mWv GIssZhhnizmk'sa∂

tNmZyØn\v hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ \¬Inb adp]Sn tam£]mX-

bt\zjn°p∂h¿°v AXn\m¬ Hcn°epw AhKWn°mhX√.

GIssZhhnizmkw a\pjy\p ta¬ \n¿_‘amsW∂Xn\v

80


hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ apt∂m´p sh°p∂ \ymbßƒ \mw Adn-tb-

≠nbncn°p∂p. At∏mƒ am{Xta _lpssZhhnizmkw F{X

henb ssZh[n°mcamsW∂p \ap°p Xncn®dnbm\mhpI.

GIssZhhnizmkw; a\pjys‚ ss\k¿KnIt_m[w

GIssZhhnizmkw; a\pjys‚ ss\k¿KnIt_m[Øn¬

Du´s∏´XmsW∂XmWv hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ apt∂m´psh°p∂

ImgvN∏mSv. Izp¿B≥ ]d™p:

""\ns‚ c£nXmhv BZw k¥XnIfn¬ \n∂v, AhcpsS ap-

XpIpIfn¬ \n∂v AhcpsS k¥m\ßsf ]pdØv sIm≠v hcn-

Ibpw, AhcpsS ImcyØn¬ Ahsc Xs∂ Ah≥ km£n \n-

¿ØpIbpw sNbvX kμ¿`w (Hm¿°pI). (Ah≥ tNmZn®p :)

Rm≥ \nßfpsS c£nXmh√tbm ? Ah¿ ]d™p : AsX,

Rßƒ km£yw hmln®ncn°p∂p. "Xo¿®bmbpw Rßƒ CXn-

s\∏‰n {i≤bn√mØhcmbncp∂p' F∂v Dbn¿sØgp-t∂-¬-

]ns‚ \mfn¬ \nßƒ ]dt™°pw F∂Xn\memWv (Aßs\

sNbvXXv). As√¶n¬ "apºv Xs∂ RßfpsS ]q¿Δ]nXm°ƒ

A√mlpthmSv ]¶ptN¿Øncp∂p. Rßƒ Ah¿°p tijw

k¥Xn]cºcIfmbn h∂h¿ am{XamWv. F∂ncns° B

AkXyhmZnIƒ {]h¿Øn®Xns‚ t]cn¬ \o Rßsf \in-

∏n°pIbmtWm' F∂v \nßƒ ]dt™°pw F∂Xn\m¬ (A-

ßs\ sNbvXXv).'' (7 : 172, 173)

a\pjys‚ krjvSn{]IrXnbn¬ A¥¿`hn®p InS°p∂ H-

∂mWv GIssZht_m[w. kmlNcyßfpw Np‰p]mSpIfpamWv

a\pjys\ B ss\k¿KnIt_m[Øn¬ \n∂pw hyXnN-en-∏n-

°p∂Xv F∂XmWv hnip≤ Izp¿Bs‚ ImgvN∏mSv. ip≤-{]Ir-

XntbmsS P∑w sIm≈p∂ a\pjy≥ _mlykΩ¿±ßfpw t{]-

cWIfpw \nanØamWv GIssZht_m[Øn¬ \n∂pw th-dn-´p-

t]mIpsX∂ ho£Ww {]hmNIhN\ßfpw kqN\ \¬-Ip-

∂p≠v. ]pdwtemIØv \n∂v bmsXmcp CSs]Sepan√msX, a‰v

a\pjy≥amcpsS bmsXmcphn[ kzm[o\tam kman]ytam C√m-

sX Hcp a\pjy°p™ns\ hfcm\\phZn®m¬, kwip≤amb

GIssZht_m[Ønte°v ˛hf¿®mKXnbpsS Hcp L´Øn¬˛

81


Ah≥ FØnt®cpsa∂mWv Ckvemw ]Tn∏n°p∂ GI-ss-Z-

ht_m[sØ ]T\hnt[bam°p∂ Hcmƒ°v Is≠Øm\mIp∂

hkvXpX.

GIssZhhnizmkw; ssZhZqX≥amcpsS ktμiw

How could we make images of him (God Almighty) whenwe know that He is not like a man; He is not like a monkey or anelephant or a snake. He is not like anything we can think of orimagine. He is a pure and holy spirit”

APø\mb ssZhØns‚ {]Xn_nw_ßsf \mw Fßs\

{]XnjvTn°pw ? \ap°dnbmw, Ah≥ Hcp a\pjys‚ amXncn-

bs√∂v; Ipcßns\tbm B\sbtbm ]mºns\tbm t]m-se-

bs√∂v. Ah≥ \ap°v Nn¥n°pItbm k¶¬]n°pItbm sN-

øm≥ Ignbp∂ H∂ns\bpw t]mseb√. Ah≥ hnip≤\pw ]cn-

ip≤mflmhpas{X.''

ssZhØn\v F¥psIm≠mWv {]Xn_nw_ßƒ D≠m-

°mØXv F∂ tNmZyØn\v B{^n°bnse Hcp kpep (Zulu)hr≤≥ \¬Inb adp]Snbmbn, ssiJv AlvaZv ZoZmXv Xs‚

"hm´v Cukv lnkv \bnw' (What is his name) F∂ sNdp-Ir-Xn-

bn¬ D≤cn® hcnIfmWv \mw apIfn¬ I≠Xv. B{^n°bnse

BZnhmkn kaqlamb kpep(Zulu)°ƒ B[p\nI \mKcnI

am\ZWvUap]tbmKn®v hniZoIcn®m¬ {]mIrXcmWv; A]cnjv-

IrXcmWv. F∂m¬ kzbw ]cnjvIrXsc∂v AhImis∏Sp∂

B[p\nI kaqlØnse ]e hn`mKßsf°mƒ, ssZhsØ

IrXyambn Dƒs°m≈m≥ B{^n°bnse, kwkvImcw kn-≤n-

®n´n√mØ Hcp BZnhmkn kaqlØn\v km[n®ncn°p∂p F-

∂Xv F¥pam{Xw IuXpIapW¿Øp∂ kwKXnbmWv !. a\p-

jy\mKcnIXbpsS {]mIvNcn{Xw ]Tn°m≥ B[p\nIkaqlw

D]tbmKs∏SpØp∂ Cu BZnhmkn kaqlØn\v Fßs\-bm-

Wv ssZhsØ∏‰n C{X IrXyamb [mcW e`n®Xv ? GI\mb

ssZhsØ C{X IrXyambn Dƒs°m≈m≥, bmsXmcphn[ ]p-

tcmKXnbpw kn≤n®n´n√mØ Hcp BZnhmkn kaqlØn\v Fß-

s\ km[n®p ? hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ AXn\v \¬Inb adp]Sn hfsc

82


IrXyamWv.

""Xo¿®bmbpw \n\°v apºv ]q¿ΔnI≥amcnse ]e I£nI-

fnte°pw \mw ZqX≥amsc Ab®n´p≠v.'' (15 : 10)

""Hcp Xm°oXpImc≥ Ign™pt]mImØ Hcp kapZm-b-hp-an-

√.'' (35 : 24)

""F√m P\hn`mKØn\pap≠v Hcp am¿§Z¿in.'' (13 : 7)

""Hmtcm kaqlØn\pw Hmtcm ZqX\p≠v.'' (10 : 47)

a\pjykaqlØns‚ {]mcwÌmew sXmt´ Hmtcm kaqlß-

fnte°pw ssZhZqX≥am¿ \ntbmKn°s∏ńcp∂p. ssZh-t_m-[-

hpw hnip≤PohnXhpw hnhcn®psIm≠v IS∂ph∂ B ssZ-

hZqX≥amcpsS kzm[o\amImw a\pjykaqlØn¬ thcp-d®p

\n¬°p∂ GIssZht_m[Øns‚ ASnÿm\ImcWw. ]cn-

jvIrXhpw A]cnjvIrXhpamb F√m P\hn`mKßfnepw Hcp-

t]mse ImWs∏Sp∂ GIssZhsØ∏‰nbp≈ t_m-[-Øn-s‚

ImcWat\zjn°p∂h¿°v hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ \¬Ip∂ D-Øcw

AXmWv. F¥mbncp∂p B {]hmNI≥am¿ kaqlsØ ]Tn∏n-

®Xv ? GXv BZ¿iØnte°mbncp∂p Ah¿ am\hXsb hgn\S-

ØnbXv ? hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ AhnsSbpw \ap°v hy-‡-amb hn-

hcWw \¬Ip∂p≠v.

""Xo¿®bmbpw Hmtcm kapZmbØnepw \mw ZqXs\ \ntbmKn-

®n´p≠v. \nßƒ A√mlpsh Bcm[n°pIbpw Zp¿aq¿Ønsb

shSnbpIbpw sNøWw F∂v'' ({]t_m[\w sNøm≥th≠n)

(16 : 36)

""Rm\√msX bmsXmcp ssZhhpan√. AXn\m¬ Fs∂ \n-

ßƒ Bcm[n°q F∂v t_m[\w \¬Ins°m≠√msX \n\°v

apºv Hcp ZqXs\bpw \mw Ab®nń√.'' (21 : 25)

ssZhØns‚ GIXzhpw AZznXobXzhpambncp∂p ssZhZq-

X≥amcpsS {]t_m[\Øns‚ apJyktμiw. _lpssZh-hn-izm-

ksØ ]q¿Wambpw Isømgn®v, kºq¿Wamb GIssZhhn-

izmkØns‚ am¿KØnte°v h∂ptN¿s∂¶n¬ am{Xta tam-

83


£w kn≤n°pIbp≈q F∂ bmYm¿∞yw am\hnIXsb ]Tn-

∏n°pIbmbncp∂p k¿Δ{]hNI≥amcpsSbpw ]caamb e£yw.

ssZhZqX≥amcneqsS temIw {ihn® Cu alØmb ktμiw

]q¿ΔnIcneqsS ssIam‰w sNøs∏ v́ a\pjykaqlØn¬ C∂pw

AXns‚ Ahtijn∏pIƒ _m°n \n¬°p∂XmWv kp-ep-

(Zulu)°fn¬ C∂v \mw ImWp∂Xv. kpep°fn¬ am{Xa√, "`q-

Xt{]Xßƒ apX¬ ]c{_“w hscbpw, I√pw achpw apX¬

\ncmImc \n¿KpW {_“w hscbpw' Bcm[n°s∏Sp∂p F∂-

`nam\n°p∂ sslμhZ¿i\Øn¬t]mepw ssZhØns‚ GI-

Xzhpw AZznXobXzhpw Du∂n]Tn∏n°p∂Xv \ap°v ImWmw.

""BZnbn¬ lncWyK¿`≥ am{Xta D≠mbncp∂p≈q. Ah\m-

Wv k¿Δ ̀ ph\ßfpsSbpw A[oim[nImcn. Ah≥ ̀ qansbbpw

kz¿KsØbpw AXXv ÿm\ßfn¬ ÿm]n®p. Ah\n¬ \n-

∂mWv k¿ΔNcmNcßfpap≠mbXv. temIw apgph≥ lncWy-

K¿`s‚ I¬]\If\pkcn°p∂p. AXpsIm≠v Ah\pam{Xw

lhn ¿∏n°pI.'' (EtKzZw 10 : 121 : 1) BZnbpw A¥yhpan√mØ

GIssZhsØ lncWyK¿`≥ F∂mWv EtKzZØn¬ ]ebn-S-

ßfnepw kwt_m[\ sNbvXncn°p∂Xv.

""Cu ssZhsØ GI\mbn Adnbp∂h¿ kXyw a\- nem-

°nbncn°p∂p. Ah≥ cs≠t∂m aqs∂t∂m \mset∂m As©-

t∂m Bsdt∂m Gsgt∂m Fs´t∂m HºsXt∂m ]sØt∂m

hnf°s∏Sp∂n√. izkn°p∂Xpw izkn°mØXpamb k-I-e-

Xns\bpw Ah≥ \nco£Ww \SØns°m≠ncn°p∂p. D∂-X-

amb i‡nIfpƒs°m≈p∂ Ah≥ GI\mWv. GI≥ am-{X-am-

Wv. F√mhn[ ssZhnIi‡nIfpw Ah\n¬ tI{μoIcn®psIm-

≠v sFIys∏´ncn°p∂p.'' (AY¿ΔthZw 13 : 5 : 14-21)

""bmsXm∂mtWm IÆpsIm≠v ImWm≥ km[n°mØXv,

F∂m¬ IÆn\v Z¿i\w e`n°p∂Xn\v ImcWw bmsXm∂m-

tWm, AXns\Øs∂ \o {_“sa∂v a\ nem°pI. IÆp-sIm-

≠v ImWp∂ GsXm∂ns\bmtWm a\pjy≥ D]mkn°p∂Xv;

AXv {_“a√.''

""bmsXmcp i_vZsØ ImXpsIm≠v B¿°pw tIƒ°phm≥

84


km[ya√tbm, F∂m¬ bmsXm∂n¬ \n∂mtWm t{im-tX-{μn-

b-Øn\v {ihWi‡n e`n°p∂Xv AXns\Øs∂ \o {_-“-

sa∂v a\ nem°pI. ImXpIƒ°v D]m-k-\m-hnjbam-bn-cn-°p-

∂Xv {_“a√.'' (tIt\m]\njØv 1 : 6˛7)

""\izcßfmb tZh]nXram\hmZnIsf D]mkn°p∂h¿

A⁄m\amIp∂ tLmcm‘ImcØn¬ ]Xn°p∂p. Ahn\min-

bmb ]camflmhns\°pdn®v anYym`nam\tØmSp IqSnbncn°p-

∂hcpw tLmcm‘ImcØn¬ Xs∂ ]Xn°p∂p.'' (Cuim-hm-

tkym]\njØv : 12)

_lpssZhXzØns‚ F√m cq]`mhßfpw \ne\n¬°p∂

sslμhkaqlØns‚ B[nImcnI t{imX pIfmb

thtZm]\njØpIƒ t]mepw {kjvSmhpw kwc£I\pamb ssZ-

hØns‚ GIXzhpw AZznXobhpw Du∂n ]dbp∂p. A]cn-

jvIrX P\hn`mKßfmb BZnhmkn kaqlßƒ sXm´v FÆn-

Øo¿°m\mhmØ{X ssZhßsf Bcm[n°p∂ sslμ-hk-

aqlßƒ°nSbn¬ hsc ssZhØns‚ kºq¿Wamb GIXzw

A]cnNnXa√mXncn°p∂Xns‚ ImcWw a\pjykaqlßfn-

te°v hyXykvX ImeL´ßfn¬ IS∂ph∂ ssZhZqX≥amcp-

sS {]t_m[\Øns‚ Ahtijn∏pIƒ Ahcn¬ C∂pw

\ne\n¬°p∂Xp sIm≠pam{Xambncn°mw F∂p kzm`m-hnIam-

bpw \ap°\pam\n°mw. ImcWw hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ t]scSpØp

]dbmØ F{Xtbm ssZhZqX≥am¿, Hmtcm ImeL´ßfnepw

a\pjykaqlßƒ°v GIssZhsØ∏‰nbp≈ t_m[w

]I¿∂psImSpØpsIm≠v \ntbmKn°s∏´n´p≠mbncps∂∂v

hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ Xs∂ FSpØp]d™n´p≠v.

"". \n\°v apºv \mw ]e ZqX≥amscbpw Ab®n´p≠v. Ah-

cn¬ Nnesc∏‰n \mw \n\°v hnhcn®pX∂n´p≠v. Ahcn¬ Nne-

sc∏‰n \n\°v \mw hnhcn®pX∂n´n√.'' (40 : 78)

am\hkaqlßfnte°v \nbp‡cmb F√m {]hmNI≥am-

cpw tam£Øns‚ am¿Kambn ]Tn∏n®Xv kºq¿Wamb GIssZ-

hhnizmkambncp∂p. AXpsIm≠pXs∂ acWm\¥cPohnX-

Ønse c£ B{Kln°p∂h¿ kwip≤amb GIssZhhnizm-

85


kw apdpsI]nSnt® ]‰q.

""BIbm¬ GsXmcmƒ Zp¿aq¿ØnIsf Ahnizkn°pIbpw

A√mlphn¬ hnizkn°pIbpw sNøp∂pthm Ah≥ ]nSn-®n´-p-

≈Xv _eap≈ Hcp IbdnemIp∂p. AXv s]mń t]mIpItb

C√.'' (2 : 256)

GIssZhhnizmkw; thZ{KŸßfpsS km£yw

""a\pjy¿ Hscm‰ kapZmbambncp∂p. A\¥cw (Ah¿

`n∂n®t∏mƒ hnizmknIƒ°v) kt¥mjhm¿Ø Adn-bn-°p-

hm\pw, (\ntj[nIƒ°v) Xm°oXv \¬Iphm\pambn A√mlp

{]hmNI≥amsc \ntbmKn®p. Ah¿ (P\ßƒ) `n∂n® hn-

jbØn¬ Xo¿∏pI¬]n°phm\mbn AhcpsS IqsS k-Xy-th-Z-

hpw Ah≥ AhXcn∏n®psImSpØp.'' (2 : 213)

kXymkXyhpw [¿am[¿ahpw a\pjy¿°v hnhcn®p-sIm-

Sp°phm\mbn, {]hmNI≥amcneqsS ssZhØn¬ \n∂pw A-h-

Xo¿WambhbmWv thZ{KŸßƒ. kXyam¿KØn¬\n∂v

AI∂pt]mbhsc B ]mŸmhnte°v Xs∂ Xncn®psIm-≠p-

hcnI F∂Xmbncp∂p thZ{KŸßfpsS [¿aw. hnip≤ Izp¿-

B\n¬ t]cv ]cma¿in°s∏´Xpw A√mØXpamb thZ-{K-Ÿ-

ßƒ ssZhZqXcneqsS a\pjykaqlØn\mbn AhXcn-∏n-°-

s∏´Xmbn hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ Xs∂ ]ehN\ßfneqsSbpw hy-

‡-am°nbn´p≠v.

"".\nßƒ ]dbpI: A√mlphnepw, Ah¶¬ \n∂v Rßƒ°v

AhXcn∏n®p InńbXnepw, C{_mloan\pw CkvamCuen\pw C-

kvlmJn\pw bAvJq_n\pw bAvJq_v k¥XnIƒ°pw A-h-X-

cn∏n®v sImSpØXnepw, aqkm, Cukm F∂nh¿°v \¬-I-s∏-´-

Xnepw, k¿Δ {]hmNI≥am¿°pw AhcpsS c£nXmhn¶¬ \n∂v

\¬Is∏´Xn (ktμißfn)epw Rßƒ hnizkn®ncn°p∂p.''

(2 : 136)

F∂m¬ hnip≤ Izp¿Bs\mgn®p≈ ]q¿ΔthZßsf√mw

Xs∂ AhXo¿Wamb X\nabn¬ C∂v \nehnen√. a\pjycpsS

Icßƒ \nanØw Ahbn¬ ]eXpw Iqńt®¿°s∏SpIbpw H-

86


gnhm°s∏SpIbpw sNbvXncn°p∂p. F¶nepw hnip≤ Izp-¿-B≥

]Tn∏n°p∂ GIssZhhnizmkØn\v km£yw \¬Ip∂ ]e

hN\ßfpw C∂pw Ahbnehtijn®ncn°p∂p.

a\pjycpsS hymPXqenIIƒ aen\am°nbn´ps≠¶nepw,

hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ t]scSpØp ]d™ thZ{KŸßfmb Xudm-

Øpw, k_qdpw, C≥Poepw C∂pw B km£yw sIm≠v kar-

≤amWv. thZ°m¿ F∂p hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ hntijn∏n® blq-

Z˛ss{IkvXhcpsS hnip≤ {KŸßfmb tXmdbnepw ss_-_n-

fnepw C∂pw \ap°v ip≤amb GIssZhhnizmkØns‚ km-

£yßƒ Is≠Øm\mhpw. hnip≤ Iz¿B≥ ]d™p.

""(\_ntb,) ]dbpI : thZ°mtc, Rßƒ°pw \nßƒ-°p-

anSbn¬ kaambp≈ Hcp hmIyØnte°v \nßƒ hcphn≥.

AXmbXv A√mlpshb√msX \mw Bcm[n°mXncn°pIbpw,

Aht\mSv bmsXm∂ns\bpw ]¶ptN¿°mXncn°pIbpw \Ωfn¬

Nne¿ Nnesc A√mlphn\p ]pdsa c£nXm°fm°mXncn-°p-

Ibpw sNøpI (F∂ XXzØnte°v) . F∂n´v Ah¿ ]n¥ncn-

™-pIfbp∂ ]£w \nßƒ ]dbpI: Rßƒ (A√mlphn\v)

Iogvs]´hcmWv F∂Xn∂v \nßƒ km£yw hln®p sIm-

≈pI.'' (3 : 64)

ssZh]p{Xk¶¬]w, ]utcmlnXy ]qP, ]pWy ]pcpjmcm-

[\ XpSßnb ]e am¿KßfneqsSbpw thZ°mcmb blqZ˛-

ss{IkvXh¿ _lpssZh hnizmkØnseØs∏´n´pw AhcpsS

hnip≤ {KŸßfn¬ ip≤amb GIssZhhnizmksØ Du-∂n-

∏dbpIbpw _lpssZh hnizmksØ \JinJm¥w hna-¿-in-

°pIbpw sNøp∂ hN\ßƒ C∂pw \ne\n¬°p∂Xv k-¬-

_p≤nbp≈h¿°v Hcp ZrjvSm¥w Xs∂bmWv.

""C{kmbote tI´mepw, \ΩpsS ssZhamb I¿Ømhs{X

GII¿Ømhv. \ns‚ ssZhamb I¿Ømhns\ ]q¿WlrZ-b-

tØmSpw ]q¿W BflmthmSpw ]q¿Wi‡ntbmSpw IqSn kvt\-

ln°Ww.'' (Bh¿Ø\w 6 : 4)

""Rm\mWv ssZhw; as‰mcp ssZhw C√. Rm\mWv ssZhw.

87


Fs∂t∏mse Bcpan√. BZn apXte Rm≥ A¥yw {]hNn®p;

]pcmX\Imew apXte kw`hn°n\ncn°p∂h {]hNn®p.'' (sb-

iø 46 : 9, 10)

""\ns‚ ssZhamb I¿Ømhv Rm\mIp∂p; CuPn]vXv tZi-

Øp\n∂v, ASna`h\Øn¬ \n∂v \ns∂ tamNn∏n®v sIm≠p-

h∂h≥. Rm\√msX a‰ptZh≥am¿ \n\°v D≠mhcpXv. Hcp

hn{Klhpw \n\°mbn D≠m°cpXv. apIfn¬ kz¿KØn-ep-

≈tXm Xmsg ̀ qanbnep≈tXm ̀ qan°Snbn¬ sh≈Ønep≈tXm

Bb bmsXm∂ns‚bpw _n_w D≠m°cpXv. \o Ahbv°v

apºn¬ XeIp\n°pItbm Ahsb tkhn°pItbm AcpXv.''

(]pd∏mSv 20 : 1˛5)

""BWns‚tbm s]Æns‚tbm Ombbp≈tXm, `qanbnse

GsX¶nepw arKØns‚ Ombbp≈tXm BImiNmcnIfmb

GsX¶nepw ]dhPmXnIfpsS Ombbp≈tXm \neØv Cgbp∂

GsX¶nepsam∂ns‚ Ombbp≈tXm `qan°pXmsg sh≈-

Ønep≈ GsX¶nepw a’yØns‚ Ombbp≈tXm Bb sIm-

Øpcq]ßtfm {]XnaItfm \n\°pth≠n D≠m°n Zqjn-X-cm-

hcpXv.'' (Bh¿Ø\w 4 : 17, 18)

""hn{Klw \n¿an°p∂h¿ H∂p√; Ah¿ kt¥mjw {]Z¿in-

∏n°p∂ hkvXp°ƒ \njv{]tbmP\amWv. AhcpsS km£nIƒ

ImWp∂n√, Adnbp∂pan√; AXpsIm≠v, Ah¿ e÷nXcmIpw.

H∂n\pw D]Icn°mØ tZhs\ sa\bpItbm hn{Klw hm¿°p-

Itbm sNøp∂Xv BcmWv? Ah¿ e÷nXcmIpw; hn{K-l-\n¿-

amXm°ƒ a\pjy¿ am{Xw! Ah¿ Hcpan®v AWn\nc°s´, Ah¿

`bs∏SpIbpw e÷n°pIbpw sNøpw.'' (Giø 44 : 9˛11)

""Rm\√msX as‰mcp I¿Ømhn√; Rm\√msX as‰mcp

ssZhhpan√; \o Fs∂ Adnbp∂ns√¶nepw Rm≥ \ns‚ Ac

apdp°pw. Ing°pw ]Sn™mdpw D≈ F√mhcpw Rm\mWp I¿-

Ømhv, Rm\√msX as‰mcph\n√ F∂v Adnbp∂Xn\pw th-

≠nØs∂.'' (Giø 45 : 5˛7)

""Rm\mWp I¿Ømhv, Rm\√msX as‰mcph\n√, F∂v

88


BImiw krjvSn® I¿Ømhv AcpfnsNøp∂p. AhnSp∂mWv

ssZhw; AhnSp∂v `qansb cq]s∏SpØn, ÿm]n®p; hy¿∞-

ambn´√, A[nhmktbmKyambnØs∂ AhnSp∂v AXp kr-jv-

Sn®p.'' (Giø 45 : 18)

""BtcmSv \o Fs∂ kmZriys∏SpØpw? BcmWv F\n°p

Xpey≥? BtcmSv \o Fs∂ Xpe\w sNøpw? F\n°v kam\am-

bn Bcp≠v. aSn»oeIfn¬\n∂p [mcmfambn kz¿Whpw

h≈nt°men¬ Xq°n sh≈nbpw FSpØv tZhs\ \n¿an°m≥

kz¿W∏Wn°mcs\ Ah¿ Iqens°Sp°p∂p; AXns‚ ap≥-]n-

¬ hoWv Bcm[n°p∂p. Ah¿ AXns\ Npaen¬ hln®psIm-

≠pt]mbn bYmÿm\w Dd∏n°p∂p. AhnsS\n∂v AXn\p

Nen°m\mhn√. Hcph≥ tIWt]£n®m¬ AXv DØcacpfp-

Itbm t¢ißfn¬ \n∂v Ahs\ c£n°pItbm sNøp∂n√.

AXn{IanItf, Hm¿°phn≥. \nßƒ CXv A\pkvacn°pIbpw

a\ n¬ sh°pIbpw sNøphn≥. ]gbImcyßƒ Hm¿°phn≥,

Rm\mWv ssZhw; Rm\√msX as‰mcph\n√. Rm≥ Xs∂

ssZhw; Fs∂t∏mse a‰mcpan√. Fs‚ D]tZißƒ \ne\n-

¬°pw. Fs‚ Dt±ißƒ Rm≥ \ndth‰pIbpw sNøpw F∂p-

]d™v BZnbnte Rm≥ Fs‚ Dt±iyw shfns∏SpØn. ]pcmX-

\Imew apX¬ kw`hn°m\ncn°p∂h Rm≥ shfns∏SpØn.''

(Giø 46 : 5˛11)

H∂masØ I¬]\bmbn tbip ]Tn∏n®Xmbn ss__nƒ

]dbp∂p :

""C{kmbote tIƒ°pI, \ΩpsS ssZhamb I¿Ømhv GI

I¿Ømhv. \o \ns‚ ssZhamb I¿Ømhns\ ]q¿W lrZb-

tØmSpw ]q¿WmflmthmSpw ]q¿Wa\t mSpw ]q¿Wi‡ntbm-

Spw IqSn kvt\ln°pI.'' (am¿t°mkv 12 : 29, 30)

Xs∂ {]tem`n∏n°phm≥ th≠n ]cn{ian® kmØmt\mSv

{InkvXp ]d™Xmbn ss__nƒ ]Tn∏n°p∂p.

""kmØmt\ t]mIq ! \ns‚ ssZhamb I¿Ømhns\ am{Xta

Bcm[n°mhq Ah\pam{Xw \akvIcn°Ww F∂p Fgp-X-s∏-

89


ńcn°p∂pht√m.'' (aØmbn 4 : 10)

GIssZhhnizmkw; _p≤nbpsS tX´w

Cu alm{]]©Ønse sNdpXpw hepXpamb, ssPhhpw

BssPhhpamb Hmtcm hkvXphpw {]]©\mYs‚ A\ntj-

[yamb AÿnXzw a\pjys\ t_m[ys∏SpØp∂XmWv. AXn-

ibIcamb IWniXbpw hyhÿm]nXXzhpw \nd™p-\n-¬-°p-

∂ Cu alm{]]©Ønse Hmtcm hkvXphpw AXn\p]nd-In-

ep≈ kq{X[mbIs‚ A\ntj[yXbnte°mWv a\pjy_p≤n-

sb sIms≠Øn°p∂Xv. alm¤pXßƒ \nd™p\n¬°p∂

BImitemIßfpw IWniamb hyhÿ°p hnt[bambn {`-a-

Ww sNbvXpsIm≠ncn°p∂ tKmfßfpw, Pohk‘mcWØn-

\\ptbmPyamwhn[w hnXm\n°s∏´ ̀ qanbpw, ̀ qanbnse hepXpw

sNdpXpamb, ktNX\hpw AtNX\hpamb Hmtcm hkvXp°fpw

Ah°v ]ndInepff kq{X[mcs‚ AÿnXzw t_m[ys∏Sp-Øm-

≥ ]cym]vXamWv. k¬_p≤nbp≈h¿°v ssZhmÿnIyw t_m-

[ys∏SpamdmWv Cu alm{]]©w kwhn[m\n°s∏ńcn°p-

∂sX∂¿∞w.

IWnihpw hyhÿm]nXhpw k¶o¿Whpamb alm{]]©-

Øns‚ krjvSn{]{Inbbnte°v hnc¬ Nq≠ns°m≠mWv

hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ am\hcminsb GIssZhsØ]‰nbp≈ Nn-

¥bnte°v £Wn°p∂Xv. AYhm GIssZhhnizmkw a\pjy-

_p≤nbpsS kzm`mhnIamb tXámbmWv hnip≤ Izp¿-B≥

hnhcn°p∂Xv.

""A√mlp bmsXmcp k¥m\sØbpw kzoIcn®nń√. Ah-

t\m-sSm∏w bmsXmcp ssZhhpap≠mbnń√. Aßs\bmbn-cp∂p-

sh¶n¬ Hmtcm ssZhhpw Xm≥ krjvSn®Xpambn t]m-

bn°fbpIbpw, Ahcn¬ Nne¿ Nnesc ASn®a¿ØpIbpw sN-

øpambncp∂p. Ah¿ ]d™p≠m°p∂Xn¬ \ns∂√mw A√mlp

F{X ]cnip≤≥ !'' (23 : 91)

""BImi`qanIfn¬ A√mlph√mØ h√ ssZhßfpap≠m-

bncp∂psh¶n¬ AXv c≠pw XIcmdmIpambncp∂p. At∏mƒ

90


knwlmk\Øns‚ \mY\mb A√mlp, Ah¿ ]d™p≠m°p-

∂Xn¬ \ns∂√mw F{X ]cnip≤\mIp∂p !'' (21 : 22)

{]]©sØ BIam\w hebw sNøs∏ńcn°p∂ A¤pX-

Icamb Xmfs∏mcpØhpw ]mckv]cyhpw AXn\p ]ndInep≈

kq{X[mbIs‚ GIXzØn\p≈ hy‡amb sXfnhmsW∂mWv

hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ ]Tn∏n°p∂Xv. H∂ne[nIw ssZhßƒ D≠m-

bncps∂¶n¬ {]]©Ønse Cu Xmfs∏mcpØhpw ]mck-]cy-

hpw XmdpamdmIpsa∂mWv Izp¿B≥ ]dbp∂Xv. Xpeyi-‡n-I-

fm¬ \nb{¥n°s∏Sp∂ H∂pw hyhkvYm]nXambn Gsd apt∂m-

´p \oßpIbns√∂Xv _p≤nbpw A\p`hßfpw a\pjys\ ]Tn-

∏n°p∂ bmYm¿∞yamWv.

GIssZhhnizmkw; a\pjys‚ PohnXe£yw

`qanbnse G‰hpw D¬IrjvS Pohh¿KamWv a\pjy≥. ssZ-

hw krjvSn® ]eXns\°mfpw Ah≥ a\pjys\ D¬IrjvS-\m-

°nbncn°p∂p. khntijamb krjvSn{]IrXnsIm≠pw hn-in-

jvSamb PohnXcoXnsIm≠pw hyXncn‡\mWv a\pjy≥. ]Zm-

¿∞Øns‚ ]cnWmaN{Iw A\pkyqXw Idßnbt∏mƒ Du-cn-

Øncn™ k¶o¿WLS\bp≈ Hcp kwbp‡w am{Xambn a\p-

jys\ hniZoIcn®h¿°v sX‰v ]‰nbncn°p∂p. ̀ qanbnse e£-

Øn¬]cw hcp∂ P¥ph¿Kßfn¬ tIhew Hcp P¥ph¿Kw

am{Xambn a\pjys\ t\m°nI≠h¿°v A_≤w ]nW-™n-cn-

°p∂p. {]]©Ønse tImSm\ptImSn hcp∂ AwKßfn¬ tI-

hesamcwKw am{Xambn a\pjys\ IW°m°nbh¿°v ]nghv

kw`hn®ncn°p∂p. {]IrXnbnse ktNX\ hkvXp°fn¬ tI-

hesamcp ktNX\ hkvXp am{Xambn a\pjys\ KWn®h¿°v

Xo¿®bmbpw ̀ oam_≤w kw`hn®ncn°p∂p. ImcWw a\pjy≥

AXn\psa√mw F{Xtbm D]cnbnemWv. Ah\mWv `qanbnse

\mbI≥. Ah\pth≠nbmWv `qanbpw AXnep≈ kIe-hkv-

Xp°fpw krjvSn°s∏ńcn°p∂Xv. Ah\pth≠nbmWv `qan

Ae¶cn°s∏ńcn°p∂Xv. P¥ph¿Kßsf√mw Xs∂ {]Ir-Xn-

bpsS ̀ mKamsW¶n¬ a\pjy≥ B {]IrXnsb ̀ cn-°p-∂-h-\mWv.

{]IrXnsb \∂m°m\pw \in∏n°m\pw Ah\mIp∂p. \mK-cn-

91


IXIsf krjvSn°phm\pw \mihnt[bam°m\pw Ah\v km-

[n°p∂p. kwkvIrXnIsf \n¿an°phm\pw D∑qe\w sN-øp-hm-

\pw Ah\p Ignbp∂p. `qanbnse at‰Xp P¥ph¿KØn\mWv

AXns\√mw km[n°pI? C√; a\pjy≥ tIhesamcp P¥ph-

¿Ka√. {]]©Ønse a‰wKßsft∏mse tIhe-samcwKw

am{Xa√. {]IrXnbnse ktNX\ hkvXp°sft∏mse tIh-e-

samcp ktNX\ hkvXph√. Xo¿®; Nn¥mtijnbp≈h¿°v

Aßs\ IW°m°m\mhn√.

a\pjy\v e`n°s∏´ Cu khntijamb krjvSn{]IrXnbpw

AXnibIcamb Hu∂Xyhpw Xo¿®bmbpw Ah\v hninjvSamb

Hcp PohnXe£ysØ kqNn∏n°p∂p≠v. {]IrXnbnse a‰v Po-

hnh¿Kßsft∏mse Pohn®pXo¿°m\p≈X√ Ahs‚ Po-hnXw.

Pohh¿Kßsf√mw Xs∂ {]IrXnbpsS ̀ mKambn Po-hn-°pIbpw

{]IrXnbpsS ̀ mKambn C√mXmhpIbpw sNøp∂p. F∂m¬ {]-

IrXnsb `cn°m≥ Ignhp≈ a\pjy≥ Aßs\b√. Ahs‚

PohnXw IrXyamb Hcp e£ytØmSpIqSnbp≈XmWv. hn-ip≤

Izp¿B≥ ]d™p.

""\mw \nßsf hrYm krjvSn®XmsW∂pw, \ΩpsS ASp°-

te°v \nßƒ aS°s∏SpIbns√∂pw \nßƒ IW°m-°n-bn-cn-

°pIbmtWm ?'' (23 : 115)

"". a\pjy≥ hnNmcn°p∂pthm ; Ah≥ shdpsX hnt´-°-

s∏Spsa∂v !'' (75 : 36)

""a\pjy≥ hnNmcn°p∂pt≠m; \mw Ahs‚ F√pIsf Hcp-

an-®pIq´pIbns√∂v ?'' (75 : 3)

{]IrXnbnse a‰v Pohnh¿Kßsft∏mse acWtØmsS Ah-

km\n°p∂X√ a\pjyPohnXw. adn®v a\pjy≥ acWm\¥cw

Dbn¿sØgpt∂¬∏n°s∏SpIbpw hnNmcW°v hnt[-b\m-°-s∏-

SpIbpw Xs‚ I¿a^eßƒ A\p`hn°pIbpw sNøpsa∂mWv

hnip≤ Izp¿Bs‚ A[ym]\w. ImcWw acWm\¥cw tNmZyw

sNøs∏Sp∂, hnip≤amb Hcp PohnXe£ytØmsS kr-jv-Sn-

°s∏´h\mWv Ah≥. F¥mWv B alØmb PohnX-e£y-

92


sa∂v hnip≤ Izp¿B≥ hy‡am°nbn´p≠v.

""Pn∂pIsfbpw a\pjyscbpw Fs∂ Bcm[n°phm≥ th-

≠n-b√msX Rm≥ krjvSn®n´n√.'' (51 : 56)

""Xs∂b√msX \nßƒ Bcm[n°cpsX∂pw, amXm]nXm-

°ƒ°v \∑sNøWsa∂pw \ns‚ c£nXmhv hn[n®ncn°p∂p.''

(17 : 23)

""Xm\√msX Hcp ssZhhpans√∂Xn\v A√mlp km£yw

hln®ncn°p∂p. ae°pIfpw Adnhp≈hcpw (AXn∂v km-

£nIfmIp∂p). Ah≥ \oXn \n¿hln°p∂h\s{X. Ah-\-√m-

sX ssZhan√. {]Xm]nbpw bpIvXnam\pas{X Ah≥.'' (3 : 18)

ip≤amb GIssZhhnizmksØ ]cn]q¿Wambn Dƒs°m-

≈pIbpw _lpssZhhnizmksØ ]mtS \ncmIcn°pIbpw

sNøpI F∂XmWv a\pjys‚ PohnXe£yw. ssZhØns‚

AewL\obamb hn[nbpw, alØmb ssZhkm£yhpamWXv.

B am¿KØneqsSbp≈ bm{X am{XamWv a\pjy\v tam-£-Øn-

s‚ hmXmb\w Xpd∂psImSp°p∂Xv. kwXr]vXhpw A-\p--{K-

lo-Xhpamb PohnXhpw acWhpw acWm\-¥c-Po-hn-Xhpw B

am¿KØn¬ \nesIm≠h¿°p am{Xambncn°pw. hnip≤ Izp-

¿B≥ ]d™p :

""RßfpsS c£nXmhv A√mlphmsW∂v ]dbpIbpw, ]n-

∂oSv t\cmwhÆw \nesIm≈pIbpw sNbvXn´p≈hcmtcm Ah-

cpsS ASp°¬ (acWthfbn¬) ae°pIƒ Cdßnh∂psIm≠v

C{]Imcw ]dbp∂XmWv: \nßƒ ̀ bs∏SpItbm ZpxJn°pItbm

th≠ \nßƒ°v hmKvZm\w \¬Is∏´ncp∂ kz¿KsØ∏‰n

\nßƒ kt¥mjaS™v sIm≈pI. sFlnIPohnXØnepw

]ctemIØnepw Rßƒ \nßfpsS an{XßfmIp∂p. \nß-

ƒ°hnsS (]ctemIØv) \nßfpsS a\ pIƒ sImXn-°p-∂-

sX√map≠mbncn°pw. \nßƒ°hnsS \nßƒ Bh-iys∏-Sp∂-

sX√map≠mbncn°pw. Gsd s]mdp°p∂h\pw IcpWm\n[n-

bpamb A√mlphn¶¬ \n∂p≈ k¬°mcas{X AXv.'' (41 :

30˛32-)

bahu daivam layout vishvasam... · 2020. 4. 5. · malayalam l study l bahudaivaviswasam : ulpathi...

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