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TCH CHIT GELATIN TDA C BASA

AbstractA gelatin is extracted and produced from a raw fish skin through the steps: a salt

admixing step for admixing a salt (e.g. NaCl, KCl of the like) with a raw fish skin so at to

allow non-collagen substances or portions (including fats and other tissue portions than a

collagen portion) to be removed from the fish skin, while simultaneously degreasing and

deodorizing the skin under the salt effect, a salt removal step for causing the admixed salt and

non-collagen substances or portions to remove from the skin, achieving the fats removal and

deodorization; a collagen extraction step for extracting a collagen (gelatinous) from the

thus-treated skin ; and a filtration step for filtering and refining the extracted collagen so as to

obtain a refined collagen. The refined collagen may be dried and solidified. Thus, since the

inexpensive salt is used for effective removal of non-collagen substances or portions to obtain

a collagen portion, the method itself is simplified and economical. Further, the fish collagenobtained thereby, be it fluid or dried, is of a highly refined property, i.e. colorless, odorless

and degreased, which is suited for food product elements and various industrial uses.

I, T VN :

Cng vi s pht trin mnh m ca ngnh nui trng v ch bin thy sn

xut khu nc ta th mt lng ln cc ph ph phm b thi ra nh u, da,

xngmt cch lng ph dn n nhim mi trng. Trong khi cc ph phm y

chnh l nguyn liu to ra mt cht keo sinh hc c nhiu ng dng quan trng l Gelatin. Trong thc phm th Gelatin to ra nht, ng, chc cho sn phm

hoc l mt thc phm n king rt tt. Trong dc phm dng lm v nang bo v

thuc. Gelatin cng c dng trong phim nh, m phm v ng dng trong nhiu lnh

vc khc nhau nh: keo dn, mi trng cho Vi sinh vt pht trin

Mc tiu ca ti l xy dng quy trnh tch chit Gelatin t da c Basa, sn phm

to ra an ton vi ngi s dng, r tin, gim lng ln ph thi trnh nhim mi

trng v mang thm mt ngun li kinh t mi.

II, PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

Cc phng php nghin cu s dng:

- Phng php phn tch vt l- Phng php phn tch nh lng


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- Phng php quy hoch thc nghimXy dng quy trnh nghin cu tch chit Gelatin tda c Basa:

III, KT QU V BIN LUN

3.1 TH NGHIM TO MC CS

3.1.1 Cng on ngm mui:

Mc ch ca cng an ny l kh mi, m, cht nhy v mui c tc dng ct tcc mch polypeptide ca Collagen thnh cc mch peptide ngn hn v lm cho ccmch ny trnn lng lo to iu kin thun li cho cng on trch ly sau ny. Tatin hnh lm th nghim vi cc yu tnh hng l t l da : dung dch mui v sngy ngm dung dch mui

Biu 3.1 th biu din sthay i khi lng Gelatin theo t l da:dung dchNaCl

- T l da c /dung dch NaCl boha: 1: ( 2 6)- Thi gian ngmmui:1 5ngy

Da c

Ra sch

Trch ly bng nhit

Gelatin sn phm

Ngm trong dung dch mui bo ha

Ct nh 0,2 0,5 cm

Nghin mn

C c

Sy kh

Lc vi cht trlc celite

- Nhit 65 750C- Thi gian trch: 4 6h- T l da /nc ct l :

1 : (810)


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10.8

11

11.2

11.4

11.6

11.8

12

12.2

12.4

12.6

0 2 4 6 8 10

T l NaCl (da : dd NaCl)

KhilngGelatin

nht

Nh vy, vo bng s liu trn thy rng vi t l da:dung dch nc ct l 1:3 ngmtrong 3 ngy l cho kt qu tt nht. Ta ly y lm kt qu tin hnh cc cng

on sau.3.1.2 Cng on trch lyTa tin hnh trch ly dung dch trong dung dch nc ct nhit cao, cng on nyCollagen s b thy phn thnh Gelatin. Cc yu tnh hng n cng on ny l tl da:nc ct, thi gian trch ly v nhit trch ly

Biu 3.2 th biu din sthay i khi lng Gelatin vi nhit trch ly

BIU TH HIN S THAYI KHI LNG GELATINTHEO NHIT

125,500

126,000

126,500

127,000

127,500

128,000

128,500

129,000

129,500

0 20 40 60 80 100

Nhit (oC)

Khilng

Gelatin

(g)

khi lng gelatin


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Biu 3.3 th biu din sthay i khi lng Gelatin vi thi gian trch ly

BIU TH HIN S THAYI KHI LNG THEO THIGIAN

12

12.2

12.4

12.6

12.8

13

13.2

13.4

0 2 4 6 8

Thi gian (gi)

KhilngGelatin(g)

Khi lng gelatin (g)

Theo kt qu trn nhit 750C trong thi gian 6 gicho khi lng Gelatin caonht. l do khi tin hnh trch ly Gelatin nhit cao trong thi gian lu thgelatin s b thy phn mnh m to thnh Gelatone v Gelatose. nh hng n chtlng Gelatin

3.2 KHO ST CC YU T NH HNG N CNG AN NGM

NACL :[2]

3.2.1 Kho st v khi lng:

Cng on ny chng ti chn cc yu tnh hng l: thi gian ngm mui, t l

da c/dung dch NaCl. Cc yu tnh hng n cng on ny c m t nh sau:

Cng onngm mui

T l dac/dung

dch mui Khi lngGelatin

Thi gianngm


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Biu 3. 4 : th biu din sthay i khi lng Gelatin theo t l ngm

mui v s ngy ngm

BIU TH HIN S THAYI KHI LNGGELATIN PH THUC VO T L NGM MUI V

SNGY NGM

11.6000

11.8000

12.0000

12.2000

12.4000

12.6000

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

thi gian ngm (ngy)

Khilng

Gelatin

(g)

1 :2

1:4

1:6

Nhn xt: Da vo biu trn ta nhn thy hm lng gelatin thu c cao mc t

l l 1: 2 v thp mc t l l 1:6. Trong khong kho st hm lng gelatin gim dn

khi l tng dn.

3.1.2 Xc nh nht:

Biu 3. 4 : th biu din sthay i nht theo t l da c vi

nng mui v thi gian ngm

BIUTH HIN STHAYINHT THEO T L NGMMUI V THI GIAN NGM MUI

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Thi gian ngm (ngy)

nht(Cp)

1 :2

1:4

1:6


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Nh vy theo kt qu khi lng v nht th ta thy rng khi ngm da c

vi dung dch NaCl t l 1: 2 trong 3 ngy th cho kt qu tt nht. Ta ly y lm

thng s ti u cho cc cng on tip theo

3.3 XY DNG TI U HA CHO CNG ON TRCH LY:

3.2.1 Ti u ha v khi lng:

Phng php thc nghim yu t ton phn

Thc hin nghin cu ti u giai on ny vi 3 yu tnh hng l: T l da :

nc ct, Nhit v thi gian trch ly,

Lm 8 th nghim vi mc cao v mc thp nh sau:

Yu t T l da : nc ct

(ml) (X1)

Nhit

(0C) (X2)

Thi gian trch

(gi) (X3)

Mc cao 1 : 10 75 6

Mc thp 1 : 8 60 4

Thc hin m ha cc bin:

STT X0 X1 X2 X3 X1X2 X1X3 X2X3 Y

1 1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 12,8222

2 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 13,8065

3 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 13,1903

4 1 1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 13,7033

5 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 12,0048

6 1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 11,7176

7 1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 10,6932

8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11,2826


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Sau khi tnh ton chng ti c phng trnh hi quy nh sau:

^

y = 12,40381 1,71919*X2 - 0,97927*X3

T phng trnh trn thy rng khi lng tch chit khng ph thuc vo t l da c

vi nc ct nhng t l nghch vi nhit v thi gian trch. l do khi ta trch

Gelatin trong thi gian lu v nhit cao th Gelatin s b thy phn mnh m to

thnh Gelatose v Gelatone.

Ti u ha thc nghim theo ng dc nht vi bc chuyn j = 5 vi nhit 750C

trong thi gian 5,5gicho kt qu tt nht

3.2.2 Xc nh nht:

Biu 3.5: th biu din s thay i nht theo thi gian trch

0

1

1

2

2

3

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Thi gian (gi)

nht(Cp)

lng gelatin (g)

Nh vy theo kt qu khi lng v nht th ta thy rng vi nhit

750C trch trong 5,5 gith sn phm Gelatin l tt nht.

3.3 Kim nghim gelatin sn phm [1][7];

Bng 3.1 Kim nghim gelatin sn phm

Ch tiu Kt qu Tiu chun Anh nh gi

nht ca dung dch 2% 2,0083 Khng gii hn t

pH ca dung dch 10% 6,4 5 6,5 t

m 8,49% 16% t

tro 1,169% 2% t


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3.4 So snh hiu sut quy trnh thu nhn gelatin bng mui vi mt s quy trnh

khc:

Bng 3.10: So snh hiu sut cc quy trnh thu nhn Gelatin

Quy trnh Hiu sut (%)

Thu nhn bng enzyme Fermgem 22,4

Thu nhn bng acid v base 18

Thu nhn bng nc vi 10,3

Thu nhn bng mui 28,1

Nh vy, t kt qu trn thy rng hiu sut thu hi Gelatin bng mui kh cao

IV, KT LUN KIN NGH

4.1 Kt lun:

Qua kt qu nghin cu, chng ti tm c iu kin thch hp cho qu trnh

thu nhn Gelatin bng mui nh sau:

- T l da c : dung dch mui l 1 : 2, Ngm trong thi gian 72h

- Xc nh c nhit v thi gian tch chit ti u l 750C trong 5,5 gi

4.2 Kin ngh:

- Trong qu trnh nghin cu do thi gian c hn nn vic thu thp ti liu, tm

hiu su rng v quy trnh sn xut gelatin cn nhiu thiu st.

- Cc trang thit b trong th nghim cn nhiu hn ch nn vic thc hin ti

gp nhiu kh khn.

Do , hng xut hon thin ti l:

-Phng th nghim cn c u t cc trang thit b nhiu hn thun licho vic nghin cunh: my xc nh phn t lng, my in ly.....

4.3 Hiu qu kinh t:

Chng ti c tnh gi thnh ca 1kg Gelatin t da c Basa theo quy trnh trn


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Nh vy, sn xut ra 1kg Gelatin t da c mt khong 60 400 ng. Trong

khi gi thnh 1kg Gelatin thng mi trn th trng hin nay l 100 000 ng ivi Vit Nam sn xut, 160 000 ng i vi Gelatin do Php sn xut. iu ny m

ra hng pht trin mi th trng tiu th Gelatin, vn c th sn xut ra Gelatin c

cht lng tt nhng vi gi thnh r hn rt nhiu so vi Gelatin thng mi

Loi nguyn liu Khi lng n gi

(ng)

Thnh tin

(ng)

NaCl 1,3 kg 7 000/1kg 9100

Da c ti 3,6 kg 3000/ 1kg 10800

in 10 kW 700 7000

Nc ct 10 lt 2000/lt 20000

Celite 50 g 50.000/kg 2500

Giy what man 1 25 t 25 t/5000 5000

Nc ra dng c 2 m3 3.000/1m3 6000

Tng 60400


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TI LIU THAM KHO

Ting vit:

[1] Minh Phng ng Vn Hip, Phn tch kim nghim sn phm thy sn,

i Hc Thy Sn Nha Trang.1997[2] Nguyn Cnh, Quy hoch tuyn tnh, NXB HQG TP.HCM, 2004.

[3] L Nguyn Bnh, Cng ngh protein & enzyme, i Hc An Giang. 2005.

[4]Phan Th Thanh Qu, Cng ngh ch bin thy sn, i Hc Cn Th, 2005.

[5] Trn Th Luyn Minh Phng, Cng ngh ch bin mt s sn phm dng

trong cng nghip & dc phm Tp 3, Trng i Hc Thy Sn Nha Trang,

1996.

[6] Trn Th Luyn Minh Phng Nguyn Anh Tun, Sn xut cc ch phm

k thut & y dc t ph liu thy sn, Nh xut bn nng nghip Tp HCM, 1995.

[7] V Hong Lm Trc, Kho st cc iu kin ti u ca enzyme Fermgen n

s thy phn da c Basa thnh Gelatin, i Hc Khoa Hc T Nhin

[8] V Trn Tng, Nghin cu thu nhn Gelatin t da c Basa n tt nghip-

i Hc Thy Sn Nha Trang, 2005.

Nc ngoi:

[9] http:// www Collagenline.com

[10] http:// www Collagen4u.com

[11] http:// wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen

[12] http:// www.gelatin.co.za/gltnl.htlm

GIO VIN HNG DN SINH VIN THC HINTh.S L Th Thu Hngng Th Diu Linh

Nguyn Th Bch Lan

XC NHN CA KHOA CN SINH HC MI TRNG

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