bai giang he thong ky thuat trong cong trinh - kien truc
DESCRIPTION
bài giảng hệ thống kỹ thuật trong công trìnhTRANSCRIPT
-
Ging vin: Bi Quang Trung
B mn: Vi kh hu v Mi trng Xy dng
H THNG K THUT TRONG CNG TRNH
-
Kt cu
C-in
Kin trc
-
Cc vn ny sinh?
Xuyn dm
Kch thc hp k thut
Ti trng thit b?
Thm m - kin trc
V tr l ch
-
cng
Mc ch/ yu cu
Nm c cc kin thc c bn v
cc h thng k thut phc v
trong cc cng trnh xy dng;
Cung cp cho sinh vin chuyn ngnh
kin trc v xy dng cng trnh dn
dng v cng nghip cc kin thc c
bn sau y:
Chc nng;
Nguyn l hot ng;
Xc nh nhanh khng gian v v tr
ca h thng k thut ng v ngang
v gian my ca 1 s h thng k
thut chnh trong cng trnh.
HKK & TG
H thng in chiu sng v ng lc
H thng thang my
H thng cp thot nc
H thng PCCC
H thng cp kh t
H thng in nh
-
Phn 1: H thng HKK
1.1. Mc ch, ngha
1.2. Nguyn l hot ng
1.3. Phn loi
1.4. Cc nguyn tc la chn h thng
1.5. Xc nh nhanh khng gian k thut
-
Phn 1: H thng HKK
1.1. Mc ch, ngha
1.2. Nguyn l hot ng
1.3. Phn loi
1.4. Cc nguyn tc la chn h thng
1.5. Xc nh nhanh khng gian k thut
-
1.1. Mc ch, ngha
HKK l ngnh k thut c kh nng to ra bn trong cc cng trnh
kin trc mt mi trng KK trong sch, c nhit , m v vn tc
gi nm trong phm vi n nh ph hp vi cm gic nhit ca c th con
ngi ng vi cc trng thi lao ng khc nhau
+ Bo m ch tin nghi (nhit , m, vn tc gi);
+ Lc bi;
+ Kh khun;
+ Cung cp dng kh (O2).
HKK c tc dng phc v cho nhiu qu trnh cng ngh khc nhau
yu cu gii hn nhit v m
HKK c th kh nhit tha, khng ch nhit ; kh m tha khng
ch m - hai yu t vi kh hu quan trng nht trong dn dng v cng
nghip.
HKK ton phn: khng ch c nhit v m, c th gi l iu tit
khng kh. HKK khng ton phn: khng ch 1 trong 2 thng s trn.
-
Phn 1: H thng HKK
1.1. Mc ch, ngha
1.2. Nguyn l hot ng
1.3. Phn loi
1.4. Cc nguyn tc la chn h thng
1.5. Xc nh nhanh khng gian k thut
-
1.2. Nguyn l hot ng
-
Mi cht lnh
Cc tiu ch nh gi
1. Ch s ODP thp (Ozone Depletion Potential)
2. Ch s GWP thp (Global Warming Potential)
3. Hiu sut vn hnh my cao
4. Thi gian tn ti trong kh quyn thp
5. p sut vn hnh thp
6. c hi/ bc chy thp
7. Tng quan gia hiu sut v chi ph tt
5.4
5.6
5.8
6
6.2
6.4
6.6
6.8
CFC-11 CFC-12 HCFC-22 HCFC-123 HFC-134a HFC- 410A HFC- 407C HFC-245fa
CO
P
Efficiency for Chillers (COP)
Atmospheric Life (Years)
0
20
40
60
80
100
CFC-11 CFC-12 HCFC-22 HCFC-123 HFC-134a HFC-
410A
HFC-
407C
HFC-245fa
Ye
ars
-
Mi cht lnh
-
Phn 1: H thng HKK
1.1. Mc ch, ngha
1.2. Nguyn l hot ng
1.3. Phn loi
1.4. Cc nguyn tc la chn h thng
1.5. Xc nh nhanh khng gian k thut
-
1.3. Phn loi
HKK
Mc quan trng
Cp I m 35h
Cp 2 150 m 200
Cp 3 350 m 400
PP x l nhit m
PP kh B mt lm lnh kh: dn ng
PP t Bung x l nhit m: bung phun
c im khu x l
c lp 1 cc, 2 cc, multi
Trung tm VRV, Chiller
Kh nng kh nhit
1 chiu
2 chiu
c im gii nhit
Gii nhit gi
Gii nhit nc
c im cht ti lnh
Lm lnh trc tip VAV
Lm lnh gin tip Nc lm cht ti lnh: VWV
Kho lnh
c im my nn
Trc vt
Piston
...
-
1.3.1. iu ha cc b
Loi my lin khi (1 cc) Loi my hai khi (2 cc)
Loi nhiu khi my (multi split)
-
u im
Thi cng lp t, vn hnh n gin.
Kh nng iu chnh rng v linh hot. Thch hp vi cc cng trnh
c h s s dng ng thi nh.
Chi ph u t ban u thp.
H s hiu xut COP (Coefficient of Performance): Nng sut
lnh/in nng tiu tn: 2,3 - 3,02
-
Nhc im
Chim rt nhiu khng gian t my
(outdoor). nh hng xu ti kin trc cng
trnh v cnh quan khu vc.
Vic b tr my gp nhiu kh khn v b hn
ch chiu di ng gas ni gia indoor v
outdoor.
Vi cng trnh c cng sut lnh yu cu ln,
s lng my nhiu, kh duy tu bo hnh.
Kh p ng c yu cu k thut v lng
gi ti cho con ngi cng nh vn tc gi
trong phng.
Kh m bo c ng u v nhit .
Tiu tn nng lng vn hnh ln.
-
1.3.2. H thng HKK VRV
-
1.3.2. H thng HKK VRV Cc loi dn lnh
-
1.3.2. H thng HKK VRV
Gi v mng k thut
Dn nng v cc v tr lp t
-
1.3.2. H thng HKK VRV
ng ng - quy cch lp t ng ng
-
1.3.2. H thng HKK VRV
iu khin h thng
-
1.3.2. H thng HKK VRV
Yu cu k thut ca V-II Series
hng Fujitsu - General
Yu cu k thut ca VRV III
hng Daikin
-
u im
Thi cng lp t, vn hnh n gin;
Kh nng iu chnh rng v linh hot, thch hp vi cc cng trnh
c h s s dng ng thi nh.;
Chi ph vn hnh thp, c cc hng iu ha p dng nhiu ci tin
k thut v thit b cng nh iu khin: nh bin tn, iu khin
thng minh;...
Tng tnh thm m ca cng trnh nh s a dng trong vic la chn
kiu dng my iu ha.
H s hiu xut COP (Coefficient of Performance): Nng sut
lnh/in nng tiu tn: 3,2 - 4,4
-
Nhc im
Gi thnh u t ban u cao hn so vi phng n iu ha cc b;
Kh nng r r mi cht lnh cao;
Hn ch v khong cch gia indoor v outdoor nn khng thch hp vi
nhng cng trnh yu cu cng sut ln.
-
1.3.3. H thng HKK VWV
S nguyn l h thng
HKK Chiller
-
1.3.3. H thng HKK VWV
Chiller
My nn
My nn li tm Chiller cng sut rt ln
My nn trc vt Chiller cng sut ln
My xon c Chiller nh v trung bnh
My nn pt tng Chiller nh v va
Thit b ngng t
Gii nhit bng gi
Gii nhit bng nc
Thit b bay hi
Nc chy trong ng
Nc chy ngoi ng
Phn loi Chiller
-
1.3.3. H thng HKK VWV
Chiller gii nhit nc
Chiller gii nhit gi
-
1.3.3. H thng HKK VWV
Thp gii nhit
(Cooling tower)
-
1.3.3. H thng HKK VWV
Bm nc lnh/Bm gii nhit
-
1.3.3. H thng HKK VWV
Thit b trao i nhit FCU
-
1.3.3. H thng HKK VWV
Thit b trao i nhit AHU
-
1.3.3. H thng HKK VWV
So snh FCU v AHU
AHU thng c cng sut ln hn FCU;
AHU cu to phc tp hn FCU, cc m un x l nhit m c th
c lp t thm theo yu cu thit k;
AHU thng c s dng trong cc khng gian ln, ng ngi;
AHU c s dng trong h thng x l khng kh ngoi (khng kh
ti); FCUs thng m trch x l khng kh trong phng;
FCU thng lp t ti khng gian cn iu ha, AHU thng c
b tr ti cc gian my. V vy s dng FCU cn lu tm n vn
n.
-
1.3.3. H thng HKK VWV
H thng ng gi
Quy cch ch to
TCXD 232-1999: H thng TG, HKK v Cp lnh -
Ch to, lp t v nghim thu.
Tiu chun Smacna - HVAC Duct Construction
Standards - Metal and Flexible.
-
1.3.3. H thng HKK VWV
S 2 ng ng, 3 ng ng
H thng ng ng nc
-
1.3.3. H thng HKK VWV
Van dp la
Van kha
Van in t 2 ng Van in t 3 ng
Van cn bng Van cng/chn
Van bm
Van iu p
Van gi in
Van gi Van cu
-
u im
iu ha trung tm c u im l chi ph vn hnh tng i thp so vi
cc phng n iu ho VRV, cc b.
Khng lm mt i v p kin trc ca cng trnh. Lm tng tnh thm m
v hin i ca cng trnh.
Thch hp vi cc cng trnh c h s s dng ng thi ln, mt bng
cn iu ho rng.
m bo c cc thng s v nhit , m, kh sch.
p ng y cc yu cu v tin nghi nhit cho con ngi: nhit ,
lu lng gi ti ...
m bo cung cp kh lnh gia cc khu vc ng u, khng c s thay
i nhit t ngt.
Vi cc cng trnh, khi tht k kin trc, b tr cc khu vc t my, s
khng gy nh hng xu ti kin trc cng trnh.
H s hiu xut COP (Coefficient of Performance): Nng sut lnh/in
nng tiu tn: 4,0 6,5
-
Nhc im
Phi c gian my: t cc thit b: my lnh trung tm, bm nc lnh ...
Di iu chnh khng linh hot.
Ch thch hp vi cc cng trnh c cng sut lnh yu cu ln v h s s
dng ng thi ln.
-
1.3.4. H thng HKK VAV
H thng iu ha dng t
iu ha khng kh cho phng sch
-
1.3.4. H thng HKK VAV
VAV box
Ming thi khuch tn
Gian my AHU
-
u im
H thng HKK VAV thch hp vi cc cng trnh c yu cu v
thng s nhit , m, p sut, sch khun, sch bi bn
trong nghim ngt nh: trung tm d liu, phng my ch, cc h
thng phng sch;
Thch hp vi nhng cng trnh cng nghip;
-
Nhc im
H thng cng knh, chim nhiu khng gian k thut.
Cn lu tm n vn n, thm m cho h thng ng ng.
-
Phn 1: H thng HKK
1.1. Mc ch, ngha
1.2. Nguyn l hot ng
1.3. Phn loi
1.4. Cc nguyn tc la chn h thng
1.5. Xc nh nhanh khng gian k thut
-
1.4. Nguyn tc la chn h thng
H thng la chn trn c s cc tiu ch: chi ph u
t, chi ph vn hnh, khng gian thit b yu cu, mc
nh hng ti kt cu, kin trc cng trnh, tin
xy dng,
1.4.1. Chn phng n
1.4.2. Chn loi my
1.4.3. Chn hng my
-
1.4.1. Chn phng n
c tnh c th ca cng trnh: Cng nng - phn khu chc nng; h s s
dng ng thi, thit k kin trc; a im ca cng trnh;...
Cng trnh cng cng (trung tm thng mi, vn phng cho thu,...): VRV,
Chiller.
Cng trnh c chc nng c lp (chung c, cn h cao cp, khch sn,...):
VRV, Multi, cc b.
Cng trnh cng nghip: Chiller, VAV,...
Cng trnh c cng nng c bit (phng sch, trung tm d liu,...): Chiller,
VAV.
Cng sut thit k
Cng sut nh: cc b, Multi.
Cng sut va: VRV
Cng sut ln: Chiller
-
1.4.1. Chn phng n
Kh nng p ng yu cu k thut ca h thng HKK: ngun nc gii
nhit
Yu cu ca khch hng.
Yu cu c bit khc
Kim sot khng kh sch trung tm;
An ninh, bo mt;
Phi hp cng cc ngun nng lng sn c;
Kh nng kt ni cng cc h thng khc ca cng trnh;
;...
-
1.4.2. Chn loi my
Vic chn my c th c cn c vo kt qu thnh lp v
tnh ton s iu ho khng kh, trong 2 thng s
quan trng nht lm cn c la chn l:
Nng sut gi L thi vo phng , kg/s
Nng sut lnh Qo ca thit b x l khng kh, kW
Cng sut si QSI v QSII ca b sy cp I v II (nu
cn), kW
Loi t sn (Floor Standing) : Loi t nn c ca thi gi t
pha trn, ca ht t bn hng, pha trc. Loi ny thch hp cho
khng gian hp, nhng trn cao.
Loi treo tng (Wall mounted) : y l dng ph bin nht , cc
dn lnh lp t trn tng, c cu to rt p. My iu ho dng
treo tng thch hp cho phng cn i, khng kh c thi ra
ca nh pha di v ht v pha ca ht nm pha trn.
Loi p trn (Ceiling suspended): Loi p trn c lp t p st
trn gi. Dn lnh p trn thch hp cho cc cng trnh c trn thp
v rng. Gi c thi ra i st trn, gi hi v pha di dn lnh
-
1.4.2. Chn loi my
Loi cassette: Ton b dn lnh nm su trong trn, ch c
mt trc ca dn lnh l ni trn b mt trn. Mt trc
ca my cassette gm c ca ht nm gia, cc ca thi
nm cc bn. Tu theo my m c th c 2, 3 hoc 4 ca
thi v cc hng khc nhau. Loi cassette rt thch hp
cho khu vc c trn cao, khng gian rng nh cc phng
hp, i snh, hi trng,...
Loi du trn (concealed type): Dn lnh kiu du trn
c lp t hon ton bn trong trn gi. dn gi
xung phng v hi gi tr li bt buc phi c ng cp,
hi gi v cc ming thi, ming ht. Kiu du trn thch
hp cho cc vn phng, cng s, cc khu vc c trn gi,
trn git cp.
Loi v tinh (Ceiling mounted built-in): Dn lnh kiu v
tinh gm mt dn chnh c b tr ming ht, dn chnh
c ni vi cc v tinh, l cc hp c cc ca thi gi.
Cc v tinh c ni vi dn chnh qua ng ni mm. Mi
dn c t 2 n 4 v tinh t cc v tr tu .
-
1.4.3. Chn hng my
-
Phn 1: H thng HKK
1.1. Mc ch, ngha
1.2. Nguyn l hot ng
1.3. Phn loi
1.4. Cc nguyn tc la chn h thng
1.5. Xc nh nhanh khng gian k thut
-
1.5. Xc nh nhanh khng gian k thut
Gian my
Trc ng
Khng gian
cn thit
-
1.5. Xc nh nhanh khng gian k thut
Khng gian k thut cn thit phi:
m bo cc yu cu k thut ca thit b;
Cc thng s k thut: vn tc gi, lu lng nc,... Phi m
bo iu kin vn hnh ti u quy nh trong cc TC, QC;
Khng gian cn thit phi p ng cc yu cu k thut trong
qu trnh thi cng - lp t, vn hnh, sa cha, bo dng v
thay th.
1.5.1. Gian my v v tr gian my
1.5.2. Hp k thut ng
1.5.3. Trn gi v chiu cao trn gi
-
1.5.1. Gian my v v tr gian my
Gian my trung tm
Gian my cc b
V tr gian my s quyt nh n hiu qu trao i nng
lng, nh hng n thit k kin trc, chi ph xy dng,
tin thi cng v k hoch s dng h thng.
La chn v tr gian my cn phi xem xt n cc yu t:
kh nng vn chuyn nhin liu vn hnh, kh nng thi
khi thi khi thit b vn hnh nu s dng thit b chy
xng, du,, cc yu t tc ng v n v rung ng,
kh nng thng gi, cc v tr ca cc thit b ph tr nh
thp lm mt, cc yu cu k thut i vi thit b v vt
liu nh: p sut lm vic ca my lnh, ng ng, ph
kin v van kha, Tt c cc vn ny phi c xem
xt, phn tch chi tit tt c cc giai on: thi cng, vn
hnh, bo tr, bo dng v thay th thit b.
-
1.5.1. Gian my v v tr gian my
Cc v tr thng t gian my trung tm:
Tng hm
Tng mi
-
1.5.2. Hp k thut ng
-
1.5.3. Trn gi v chiu cao trn gi