CNG NGH SN XUT BNH KONhm Vn in

NI DUNG MN HCBi m uPhn I. Nguyn liu sn xut Bnh koChng 1. Nguyn liu chnhChng 2. Nguyn liu ph v cht ph giaPhn II. Cng ngh sn xut bnhChng 3. Cng ngh sn xut bnh quyChng 4. Cng ngh sn xut bnh mChng 5. Cng ngh sn xut mt s sn phm bnh khcPhn III. Cng ngh sn xut koChng 6. Cng ngh sn xut ko cngChng 7. Cng ngh sn xut ko mmChng 8. Cng ngh sn xut ko doChng 9. Cng ngh sn xut ko SclaChng 10. Cng ngh sn xut mt s loi ko c sn ca Vit Nam

Ti liu tham khoL Ngc T. Ho sinh cng nghip. NXB KHKT. 1998.L Bch Tuyt, Lu Dun, H Vn Thuyt, Nguyn nh Thng, Nguyn Duy Thnh, Hong nh HoCc qu trnh c bn trong cng ngh sn xut thc phm. NXB GD. 1996.L Ngc T, Bi c Hi, Lu Dun. Ho hc thc phm. NXB KHKT.2001.Bi c Hi. Ch bin lng thc. 4 tp. NXB HBK H Ni. 1985.Bi c Hi, Nguyn Th Thanh. K thut sn xut bnh v ko. NXB Cng nghip nh.H Hu Long. K thut sn xut ko. NXB KHKT. 1983Biscuits, Cookies and Crackers. Peter Wade. Blackie academic and professional.Biscuits manufacture. Peter R.WhiteleyBiscuit, cookie and cracker mannufacturing. Manal 1- 6.

Bi m uTng quan v mn hcKhi nim v bnh koBnh: 50% bt (Note: m si, bn, min)Ko: 50% ng3. Phn loiPhn loi bnhPhn loi ko4. Cc tiu chun quy nh vi sn phm bnh koVi sn phm Bnh: TCVN 5909 1995 Vi sn phm Ko: TCVN 5908 19955. Nhu cu tiu th Bnh ko mt s ncB & Anh:11.33 Kg/ngui/nmc9.42,,M8.97,,c7.22 ,,Php6.67 ,,Tnh hnh tiu th Vit NamNm 19800.34 Kg/ngui/nmNm 19900.7,,Nm 20001.3,,Nm 20051.7,,

BnhTheo xut x: Bnh u, Theo mi v: V (lt, ngt, mn), Mi (Cam, to, du, cam.)Mc ch s dng: dinh dng, trng ming, n king, chc nngCn c vo nguyn liu chnh: Bnh np, m,...Cn c vo c im cng ngh sn xut: Phn loi BnhPhng php gia nhit: hp, rn, nng..Phng php to hnh: p, ct, c..i tng nghin cu: Bnh quiBnh mBnh qui xpBnh qui daiCu trc: dai, xp, dn

KoDa vo trng thi: cng (carramen), do, mm ([H2O] 3%, 1020%Theo hng v: Cam, chanh, to, duMc ch s dng: dinh dng, trng ming, n king, chc nngCn c vo nguyn liu chnh: Bnh np, m,...Theo nguyn liuPhn loi KoKo sa: b, da..Ko hoa quKch thc Loi < chng < nhmTinh du: cafe, soccolaNote:Ko chanh < Ko cng hoa qu < Ko cng

NGUYN LIU SN XUT BNH KOPHN I

CHNG INGUYN LIU CHNH

Nguyn liu chnhBtCht to ngtBt mBt nngCc loi bt khcng Saccaroseng chuyn haGlucoseFructoseMt tinh btMch nhaChng I. Nguyn liu chnh

Bt mLa mBt mQu trnh ch binTrngenCngMmTrngen(Nghin)Nghin phn loiNghin lnHo hngHng IHng II( = 95 98%)( =70 85%)Ho hngHng IIHng I

Mt s hnh nh v la m

Mt s hnh nh v la m

Mt s hnh nh v la m

Bt mBng 1. Thnh phn ha hc ca Bt mThnh phn ha hc ca bt m ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh: thnh phn ha hc ca la m, hng bt,..Note: So snh vi bt go t, bt go np, bt ng, bt khoai, bt snNhn xt

1. ProtitProtitAlbuminGlobuminGlutnin (Glutelin)Gliadin (Prolamin)5.711.5%5.710.8%3442%4050%Thng chim 20% ProtitTan trong ncB ha tan trong qu trnh nho btThng chim 80% ProtitKhng tan trong ncHt ncGi bt khTrng nGi chung l GlutenHm lngThnh phnChim 814% cht khPh thuc vo ging la m, kh hu, th nhng, hng,To cht dinh dngTo khung gluten

Bt mH2ONguyn liu khcKhi bt nhoProtitH2OCc cht khcTinh btNhoKhung GlutenRaGluten tKhung GlutenPh v hnh dngW = 5560%

2. glucid (7075%)Tinh bt7080% glucidKch thc + nguyn vnThy phn(hng cao hm lng tinh bt cao)Kh nng ht ncca khi bt nhoTnh rn chc ca khi btKh nng v tc thy phnS thy phnTinh btDextrinMaltoseXc tcEnzymeAxitGlucoseDextrin15% glucidKN: Hm lng: hng btTnh chtAmilodextrin (tm)Eritrodextrin (tm )......dextrin (hng hng nht)Acrodextrin v Maltosedextrin (khng mu c trng)(Cht keo)

2. glucid (7075%)CelluloseKhi lng 1500 gc (G), khng tan trong nc% th cht lng bt Ho hng: 0.10.5%Nghin ln: 0.10.5%HemicelluloseCc mono% khong 28%, c th khng hp th cpentose (C5H8O4)Hexose (C5H10O5)Khng tan trong nc, nhng tan trong kim, d thy phn hn CelluloseGlucid dng keoN: L cc pentosan ha tan khng hon ton (ch yu trong ni nh ca ht)Hm lng: 12%Trng n Dch keo nh hng n t/c ca khi bt nho ngnh hngThnh phn: Glucose, Fructose, Maltose Hm lng: 0.61.8%Tnh ht ncTnh trng nQu trnh ln menQu trnh nngProtit, tinh btnh hng n cht lng bnhCu hi v nh ????

3. Lipit v cc cht ging Lipit (0.42%)LipitNgun gc: T phi v l mmHm lng: cha 7080% lng trnL nguyn nhn gy i kht 2 dngT doGy i khtLin ktProtit (P)glucid (G)Lm kh nng ht nca/h n t/c GlutenCc cht ging LipitPhotphatit ch yu l LeuxithinSterin Nhng Vitamin ha tan trong cht boSc t Hot ng b mt lnKh nng to nh tng tta/h n t/c ho ncProtitTinh btCc cht khcCu hi v nh ????Cu hi v nh ????

4. Cht tro v cc cht khcCht troThnh phn: CaO, FeO, P2O5Hm lng: 0.72.1%, Hm lng cng cao cht lng cng thp (ch tiu nh gi cht lng bt)Cc cht khcThnh phn: ch yuVitamin nhm B (B1, B2, B6..)Vitmin PPThnh phn: ch yuamilasaProteasaVitaminHm lng: th cht lng bt EnzymeHm lng: th cht lng bt

nh gi cht lng btCc ch tiu nh gi theo TCVN 4359-86Trng thi v sinhMi, vHng ca bt hm lng cht tro, trng, mn, acid, hm lng Gluten t...Xc nh bng hm lng cm (v qu, ht) c trong bt.Hng cao th tro thp mnc trng cho mc nghinHng cao th mn caonh hngGi tr thc phmQu trnh keo hat/c nng bnhHm lng tp cht Fe 3 (mg/Kg) m Wbot 13 13.5%(Ni nh tro 0.40.45%, v 78.5%)Tc trng n ca Protit, Tinh btKh nng ha tan, hh nng ln men..nh hng n qu trnh nho bt

nh gi cht lng btCc ch tiu nh gi theo TCVN 4359-86S lng v cht lng ca GlutenTh hin qua cc bng 2,3,4nh hng Tnh nng bnhTnh cht ca khi bt nho acid ca btTn ti doMui axit ca photphatAcid bo t doCc acid khc (lactic, acetic..)Qu trnh thy phn trong bo qun ht, btNng Molan (0N) acid tng sGi tr 35 (0N), hay c pH = 5.86.3 trngMu trng ngCarotinotit troT l nghch % lp alrngKhng muC tro caoHm lng v (cha nhiu sc t ni nh)

Bng 2. Ch s cht lng ca bt mT l thu btCh tiu

Bng 3. Ch s cht lng ca bt m trong sn xut bnh m* T s l s hiu ca ry, v mu s l % bt cn li trn ry hoc lt qua ry

Bng 4. Ch s cht lng ca bt m trong sn xut M si* T s l s hiu ca ry, v mu s l % bt cn li trn ry hoc lt qua ry

Tnh cht nng bnh ca bt mLc n ca bt mN: L kh nng to khung Gluten hoc to khi bt nho vi nhng tnh cht xc nh.Do h Protein-Protease quyt nhBt m mnhHm lng Guluten caoKh nng ht nc lnBt nhon hiD gia cng c hcKh nng sinh ng v to khHm lng ngCht lng bnh: ngt, mu sc...To CO2 (ln men)To mu sc, mi, v (Cramen, Melanoidin..)(Hm lng ng trong bt m khong 23%, vi bnh m yu cu l 5.56%, do kh nng ng ha ca bt khi chun b bt nho.Bt m hng cao c kh nng sinh ng hn hng thap, ni chung bnh m lm t bt m c kh nng sinh ng km c th tch nh v mu sc v bnh km..)Kh nng to khc trng bng lng CO2 trong 1v thi gian ca 1v bt nho c nho trong 5h, thng dng v VCO2 Hm lng ng v kh nng sinh ng ca btCch xc nhPP x da trn nhng t/c l hc of Gluten t hoc ca bn.C s SX thng nh gi theo cht lng ca Gluten t

Cc loi bt khcBt khcMc ch s dngGim gi thnhCi tin k thut, i mi cng ngh. a dng ha sn phm, ph hp th hiuYu cu vi bt thay thTo Gel tt vi bt mT l Gluten, amylopectinVDBt mnhBt yuBt nngBt yuBt mnhVitamin CNhng yu cu c th ca bt nng nh bng di Bng 5. Yu cu ca bt nng

Bo qun btBo qun btNhng biu hin suy gim cht lng ca btVn cc do ht nci kht do oxy ha cht boDo vi sinh vtNhng yu cu ca kho bo qunWkk 85%, thong mt kk = 34 m/sT0 ca kho bo qun = 15250CKho chng dt, chng m...Sp xp hp lXp bt theo tng dy, khong cch ti thiu 2 dy l 1m.t bt trn k, cch mt t 0.50.7 (m)Chng bt khng cao qu 2 (m).Thng xuyn kim tra kho bo qun, mi, su b.

ng Saccarose (C11H22O11)ng Sacc im tnh chtMpt = 342, d = 1.588 (g/cm3), t0nc = 185(0C), = 66.5 .Ho nc, ht nc khi Wkk 90%Rt d ha tan, c kh nng ha tanTng theo t0a/h bi cc cht khc, G, F, MTB...C11H22O11+H2OC6H12O6C6H12O6+B thy phn trong mt axit, EnzymeEnzymeH+GlucoseFrutoseB phn hy bi nhit , khi t 1800C (p Cramem)Cc yu cu k thut, th hin bng 6Bng 6. Yu cu k thut vi ng Saccarose trong sn xut Bnh ko

Ch tiuHm lngCh tiuHm lngHm lng Saccarose 99.7%Hm lng tro 0.15%Hm lng ng kh 0.15%pH7Hm lng nc 0.05% Mu scTrng tinh

ng Glucose, v ng Fructoseng Glucose v ng Fructoseng Glucose dng dung dch th ho nc hn dng tinh thD tan trong nc v tan tng theo nhit Ht mDng tinh th t ho ncht m khi Wkk 85%GlucoseRt kh kt tinh so vi cc ng khcKh nng ht m tng khi gia nhitAldehit,cc hydroxylmetyl Frucfuron, cht muCc cht mu sm hnb phn hy bi t0H+OHng FructoseHt mRt d ht mKhi Wkk 40%R ha tanNhy cm vi nhit , to ra sn phm xm muS c mt ca Fructose lm cho sn phm bnh ko tng kh nng ht m, hn ch thi gian s dng, tng do ca bnh sn phm, kh nh hnh do nghin cu s dng hm lng hp l

ng chuyn hang chuyn haNng nghch o: l sn phm thy phn ng Saccarose di tc dng ca H+, hoc Enzyme (Saccarosae or investase) theo phng trnh:ng chuyn ha: l ng nghch o khi t l Glucose v Fructose l 1:1. Do khi thy phn hon ton Sac ta thu c ng chuyn haC11H22O11+H2OC6H12O6C6H12O6+EnzymeH+GlucoseFrutoseu nhc im khi dng ng chuyn ha trong sx kou imCh ng trong sn xutCh ng nguyn liuThc hin v ch ng c cng ngh nht thpt btD khuy trnKo sn phm c cht lng caoNhc im: hm lng ng khu cao ko d b chy tiu th ngay

Mt tinh btMt Tinh BtN: l sn phm thy phn tinh bt khng hon ton bng axit hoc enzyme(C6H12O5)n+nH2OH+Glucose + Maltose + Dextrin Mt tinh btEnzymeThnh phn ca MTB, gm Glucose, Maltose v Dextrin ngoi ra cn cha mt s thnh phn khc nh: Tinh bt cha thy phn, Fructose do chuyn ha t Glucose, Saccarose, v cc Dextrin khc nhau...Vai tr ca MTB trong sn xut bnh koLm cht chng kt tinh rt hiu quGlucose lm tngKh nng ha tanLng ng khTnh ht mKhng ch hm lng ng kh 15%Maltose ngt Saccaroset a/h n ha tan ca Saccarose ln Dextrin lnChng kt tinh ttDo, dnhNgn cn truyn nhitkh nng ket tinh lai ca SacGim ngtLm tng hm lng ng tng sLm tng cht lng sn phm: ci thin cng, dn,trong, ngt...

Mt tinh btQuy trnh sn xut Mt tinh bt bng acidTinh btDch ha(2528 Bx)ng haTrung haTy muLcC cMt tinh bt(80 Bx)Than hot tnhNa2CO3HCl, t0B lc% ng kh37%0ng haNhit pHThi gian

Mt tinh btMt s ch tiu ca Mt tinh btMc ng haN: l hm lng ng kh (tnh theo Glucose) trong MTB3 mc Thp: G(1011%), M(1112%), D(7879%)Trung bnh: G(2021%), M(2122%), D(5557%)Cao: G(4041%), M(4142%), D(1516%)a/h: mc cao hm lng ng kh cao ngt tng & do tang axit ca btN: acid ca MTB l s ml dd NaOH 0.1N trung ha va 100 gram cht kh trong Mt tinh bt.Gi tr thng = 2527, nu cao /h n kh nng chuyn ha ca Saccarose

Mch nhaMch nhaN: l sn phm thy phn tinh bt nh Enzyme -amilaseThnh phn chnh l Maltose (8085%)Ngun thu Enzyme t thc mm hoc t vi sinh vtQuy trnh sn xut Mch nha t bt go npBt go npDch ha(1516 Bx)ng haLcC cMch nha(80 Bx)EnzymeB lc(320C,48h)

CHNG IINGUYN LIU PH

2.1. saSaMc chTo hng v thm ngon cho sn phmTo xp cho bnhTo mm cho koNng cao gi tr dinh dng cho sn phm bnh koDng s dng: ti, c (c hoc khng ng), btCc tiu chun vi nguyn liu sa bng 7Bng 7. Cc tiu chun vi nguyn liu sa

2.2. TrngTrngMc chTo hng v thm ngon cho sn phmTo xp, cha Albumin c kh nng to v gi bt khTo mu vng cho bnhNng cao gi tr dinh dng cho sn phm bnh koDng s dng: ti, lnh, btCc tiu chunTrng ti: nguyn vn, khng ln tp cht, mu sc ng u, khi soi th trong sut, mu hng nht, c 1 chm hng trong, khi lc khng ku, chm trong dd NaCl 10%. Trng bo qun lu: v kh hn, khi soi c mu , c vt ln trong ti kh, khi lc nh th ku, khi b trong dd NaCl 10% th l lng, khi p ra c mi hi nh. Trong SXBK tuyt i khng dng trng b hng (khi lc ku, khi soi c, khi p ra c mi chua, thi (H2S) hoc c mi mcTrng lnhN: l khi trng c nh u lng trng, lng c lm lnh n -230C, c th b sung ng hoc khngYu cu: W 75%, Hm lng Protit 10%, Hm lng cht bo 10%, acid 15, khng ln tp cht, v khi tan bng khng c mi v l. Bt trngN: l sn phm ca qa trnh sy trng ti.Cc dng bt trng: Bt lng , bt lng trng, bt trng nguyn (gm c lng trng, )Yu cu vi bt trng ti bng 8.

2.2. TrngBng 8. Cc tiu chun vi nguyn liu bt trngTrng tiKim tra, la chn(2225 Bx)Loi vnh trn uSayBt trng(40 Bx)C c

2.3. Cht boCht boMc chTo hng v thm ngon cho sn phmTo dn, xp.Lm cht chng dnh khi to hnhNng cao gi tr dinh dng,tng sinh nng lngDng s dng: du thc vt, m ng vt, b..Du thc vtChy duD b oxy haCc ch tiu, th hin bng 9Bng 9. Cc tiu chun vi nguyn liu Du thc vt

2.3. Cht boBN: Tn ti di dng nh tng. Thnh phn: Cht bo 83%, Protit = 11%, Khong = 0.2%, W = 15.2%Nhit nng chy, bo qun: T0nc= 30350C, T0dd= 15250C, T0bq= -10-120CCht bo c Hydrogen ha CnH2nCOOH + H2 CnH2n+1COOH CnH2n-1COOH + 2H2 CnH2n+1COOHPtDng s dngMargaringShorterningT0nc= 40500CHm lng cht bo 80%a trc tip vo sn xut Bnh koT0nc= 40450CHm lng cht bo 90%Dng ch yu rn, chin(T0dd= cao)BTn ti di dng nh tng. MT0dd= thpT0nc= caoDu TVNh ha, hot ng b mtTo lp du dinh, bin mi, gim gi tr cm quanT0nc= thp, T0dd= thpDu hng dng, du bng, du lc, du socola..

Cht ph giaCht ph gia to cu trc: Polysaccarit (peptin), Polypeptit (Gelatin..), Protein (Albumin..), Tinh bt (tinh th + bin tnh), Agar-agar, Aalginat, carrageenan..Cht ph giaCht to mi: tinh du (hng to, chanh, du, cam..), Ester tng hp...Cht to v: NaCl, ng Cc acid thc phm nh: acid citric, tactric, malic... Cht to mu: T nhinTng hpNhm A:Nhm B:Nhm C:Yu cuKhng c c tnhSn phm chuyn ha khong c c tnhC tnh ng ha cao tinh khit 60%, cn li l cht mu khng gy cCht to xp, n PP sinh hc: dng VSV CO2 xp nLn menPP hcNaHCO3: lm bin tnh tinh bt to mu vng tuoi2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + CO2 +H2Ot0(NH4)2CO3 NH3 + CO2 +H2Ot0PtCht nh ha: l cht lm tng lin kt, gm cc photphatit thc phm (leuxithin)Cht to bng v tr gip to hnh: nh Paraphin, sp ong, sap c voi...(NH4)2CO3: to NH3 gy miCht chng oxy ha

CNG NGH SN XUT BNHPHN II

CHNG IIICNG NGH SN XUT BNH QUY

4.1. Quy trnh cng ngh

4.2. Gii thch quy trnh4.2.1.S ch nguyn liu4.2.2.Nho bt4.2.3. To hnh4.2.4. Nng bnh4.2.5. Hon thin sn phm4.2.6. Bao gi v bo qun4.2.7. Mt s tnh ton trong sn xut bnh quy

S ch nguyn liuBt mBt nngBt nguyn liuSng ryMc chTrng thi thch hp hnLoi tp cht (t, ct, su, mt, vn cc)ngng schBt ngSng ryTp cht, vn ccNghin nhMy nghin S dng(d = 12 100 m)Cht bo(thng dng shorterning)Gia nhit n nhit bt u nng chyDung dch cht boS dngBo qun(nh ha tt)Bo qunD ha tan[ ] caoKhng c tinh thT gia nhit < tnc rn khng ng uT gia nhit > tnc rn khng ng u

Thuc n(tinh th)RyHt nhd = 11.5mmTp cht, vn ccBt TNNghin nhRy d = 2050 m+ H2OT0 = 25300CDung dchNho btBo qunPh gia (nu cn)(Phn b ng u)Trng tiDch trngLng trngLng Hn hpDung dch ng unh trnBo qun 2hS dngBt trngDung dch ng nht+ H2OT0 = 25450C(Bin tnh protein, protease)[ CK] = 7075%Thuc nTrngTrng tiBt trng

SaSa tiSa cSa btKim tra cc ch tiu cht lngThnh phn ha hcBo qunS dng(Sa ti 30 pht)Kim tra cc ch tiu cht lngThnh phn ha hcHa tan+ H2OT0 = 25300CDung dch[ CK] = 2530%Bo qunS dngVani (Valinin)Dung dch[ CK] = 4550%EthanolT0 = 45500C Trn vi Saccarose T l vani/g = 1/12.5Bo qunS dng

Nho btN: l qu trnh phi trn bt m + nguyn liu ph + H2O + cc cht khc Khi bt nho di tc dng c hcYu cu ca khi bt nhoC Wbn thch hpProtein, tinh bt.. ht nc trng nTo hnh, nng, cn..Ha tan cc cht cn ha tan nh ng, sa, thuc n...ThngQuy xp: Wbn = 1620%Quy dai: Wbn = 2026%(tnh ton lng nc a vo)Khi bt phi ng nhtT0 nc s dngD ha tanT0 = 40450CKhng lm bin i cc hp chtKh nng o trnPhng php o trnThit b o trnThi gian o trnKh nng ha tan ca cc cht, kch thc...Th t nho bt: Sac + mui + cht bo + trng + sa + tinh du + nguyn liu ph (MTB, ng chuyn ha, mt ong) Khi ng nht + bt m + thuc n + bt thay th + bt m cn liThi gian nho btYu cu v cht lng khi bt nhoBnh quy dai+ Khng b t, nt khi cn+ Do n hi, t bt kh v bt kh phi rt mnBnh quy xp+ Do, ti ( n hi thp)+ Bt kh va phi v mn+ Thng Wbn(dai) > Wbn(xp)

S hnh thnh khi bt nhoVai tr chnhProteinTinh bt Chng lh/c cao phn t: Mpt = vi chc vi trm nghn v Ca nc, khng tan trong nc, d ht nc v trng n Gi c mt lng nc lnL thuyt lin ktPha INhm ho ncSonvat ha(Trong v ngoi)+ H2OTa nhitH2O trng thi lin ktLin kt ha hc yuV tg t (khng ng k)Lng nc lin kt = 3035%Pha IIng lc(P thm thu)Cu trc bc cao ca proteinCu trc ca ht tinh btCu to ca protein: -Gliadin < -Gliadin

Cc yu t nh hng Cc yu t nh hng Nguyn liua/h ca bt ma/h ca nga/h ca cht boa/h ca trnga/h ca thuc na/h ca cc thnh phn khcCng ngha/h ca ch nhoa/h ca phng php nhoa/h ca thit b nhoa/h ca cc yu t cng ngh khcCc yu t khc

nh hng ca bt mCht lng ca GlutenS lng ca GlutenT l ly bt mn ca btKh nng ht nc, trng nKh nng to khung, bn v vng chc ca khung GlutenVDBt mnhBt yuBt nngBt yuBt mnhVitamin CThi gian hnh thnh khung gluten (thp ngn th )Kh nng lin kit vi cc thnh phn khc (glucid, protein )Kh nng gi bt kh xp a/h n cht lng bnhnh hng ca bt m a/h n m ca bt (Wbt 1% kh nng ht nc ca bt 1.81.9%) thng Wbt =2730%)Thi gian nho (cao di)iu chnh cht lngKh nng ht nc lng nc a vo nho bta/h n kh nng ht nc (cao th cng cao)T l cm, tp cht a/h n S b mt (S mn )Tc ht nc v trng nMc ht nc (mn > th)

nh hng ca nga/h n kh nng ht nc ca khi bt nhoDng kim sot kh nng ht nc ca bt nho: nu [g] [g] th kh nng ht nc ca protit, tinh bt bt nho nho.Nu [g] 1% th kh nng ht nc ca bt nho 0.6%a/h n P d ca khi bt nho: Pd = PT - PNPN Pd ht nc nh hng ca ng Kh nng trng n H2O t do bt nho nho, dnhlin kt pr H2O, tinh bt - H2O (nc lin kt)Bt nho bnh quy xpPT: l p sut thm thu ca cc thnh phm bn trong ht bt PN: l p sut thm thu ca cc thnh phm cht tan bn ngoi ht bt (albumin, Globulin, ng, cc cht ha tan khc)VD:Wbn nh = 1622%[g] ln = 2835%Thi gian nho ngna/h n trng thi vt l MmNhtKhi bt nho nho, dnhCn, to hnh (khun)Khay nngKch thc ht ng nhBt nho bnh quy daiWbn cao = 2225%[g] thp hn = 2430%Thi gian nho diKch thc ht ng c th ln hnBnh m: ln men CO2, Carramen [g] caoTo mu, mi: Carramen, Melanoidin..

nh hng ca cht boa/h n doC a/h tt hay xu cn ph thuc voKh nng lin kt gia cc phn t (lin kt a bo or khng)Khi hm lng tng ( trong gii hn) do, xpKh nng gi bt kh xpnh hng ca cht bo Mc phn tn ng uThnh phn cht bo: To mng mngBao trmBi trnHt bt gi c bt kh xpTo mng mngCao Pd kh nng ht nc, trng n Thp bt nho kh, di, bnh mau xpTt cht lng bt nho tt nh haLm nh ht cht bo bn ht cht boPhn b ng uCht nh ha thng dngDiglixerinStrerin ca sorbatPhotphatit thc phm (ch yu l leuxithin)

nh hng ca cht boSinh hcHa hcProtitng: (G, F, M, D)Tinh btnh hng ca thuc n (NH4)2CO3 NaHCO3Cc cht khcSinh trng v pht trin ca VSV- Kh: CO2, NH3- Cht d b nhit phn to kh- Cht d bay hi bi nhit XpT0, QKh: NH3, H2O mu vng, v khaiKh: CO2, H2O, mu vng ti, v thm ngonHn hp NaHCO3 v (NH4)2CO3 Hm lng: 0.30.5% bt mBt nho xp 0,4% NaHCO3 + 0,05%(NH4)2CO3 Bt nho dai 0,7% NaHCO3 + 0,08%(NH4)2CO3 (So vi bt m)(So vi bt m)Bnh quy 8590% NaHCO3 + 1015%(NH4)2CO3

nh hng ca bt mTinh btMt tinh bt v ng chuyn haTrngSaCho bt nho do ( hm lng Ap), ti, xpTrong nngDng hm lng thch hpTng mm, ti, xpnh hng ca nguyn liu khcng chuyn ha caramen ha to mu cho bnhTng tnh ho nc ca btTng cht lng, tng hm lng cht d hp thLng trngTng cht lng, tng hm lng cht d hp thTng ti, dn(do c cha cht bo m gluten d lin kt)Dextrin: tng nhn, bng (b quy dai)Nhiu bnh qu dn, d gy[ ] = 1315%MTB dng trong bnh quy dai, hm lng 2% nu qu ln th nht, dnh a/h n cng on khcAlbumin to bt, kh to xp Buxithin l cht nh ha ttCaroten to mu vng tuiHm lngXp: 4.55% bt mDai: 33.5% bt m

m ca khi bt nhoYu cu ca khi bt nhoa/h ca mCc yu t a/h n WbnLng nc a voHa tan cc cht ha tan (ng, bt n)C Wbn thch hp (thy thuc vo tng sn phm)Phi ng nht (cc phn t phn b ng u)Tc hnh thnh khi bt nho W cao th nho gim m ca khi bt nhoKh nng ht nc v trng n cc chtLng nc a voKh nng ht nc ca nguyn liuWbn, th lng nc a vo Loi sn phm (xp < dai)a/h n cng ngh: nho, nng, cn to, to hnhSn phm (xp Wbn = 1622%, dai Wbn = 2225%, ), Cng nghHng ca bt (hng cao th Wbn thp) Kh nng ht nc ca nguyn liu m ca nguyn liuCc yu t khc

Xc nh lng nc a vovi Trong : : L lng nc a vo trong mt m (Kg)mbn: L khi lng khi bt nho trong mt m (Kg)mc: Tng nguyn liu ca mt m nho (Kg)mCK: Lng cht kh c trong nguyn liu (Kg)Wbn: m ca khi bt nho (%)Bi tp: Tnh lng nc cn thit nho bt c cng thc sau: cho Wbn = 21%Bt m: 100 (Kg), W = 12%, Mui n: 0,625 (Kg), W = 6% Bt nng: 25 (Kg), W = 12% (NH4)2CO3 0,065 (Kg), W = 16%ng: 31,25 (Kg), W = 0,05% NaHCO3 0,65 (Kg), W = 16%Sa bt: 1,25 (Kg), W = 12% Bnh hi lu: 6 (Kg) W = 4%Shortening: 20 (Kg), W = 2% Hng liu: 0,1 (Kg), W = 0%Trng ti: 33,75 (Kg), W = 12%

Nhit ca nc a voT0 nc ( t0 khi bt nho)a/h n tnh cht l ha ca btKh nng ht nc, trng nKh nng to gelKh nng to h ha tinh btHa tan cc chtHot ng ca enzymea/h n tnh cht l ha ca btNhit nguyn liu voT0 ca ncBin i cc thnh phn Ma st cc phn tMi trng xung quanhL hc: ha tan, ht nc (pha I)Ha hc: phn hy thuc niu chnh nhit khi bt nhoiu chnh nhit nguyn liu voiu chnh nhit nc a voiu chnh nhit mi trng nho bt

Thi gian nho btL mt trong nhng thng s quan trng trong qu trnh nho bta/h nCc yu t a/h n nhot/c l ha ca khi bt nhoThi gian nhoMc ht nc, trng n Gluten, tinh btNguyn liu: (hm lng, cht lng gluten, m ca nguyn liu, t l cc thnh phn nguyn liu)Cng ngh, thit b: (phng php, nhit nho, thit b nm ngang, dng, lin tc, gin on, kiu cnh khuy bn ca khung Gluten c to hnhKh nng o trn (mnh, ng u)Yu cu ca sn phmCc yu t khc.S phn b ng u cc thnh phn nguyn liuMc ha tan cc thnh phn cht ha tan (nht l ng, mui, thuc n)Dai > xp dai = 40 65 pht xp (ng) = 20 25 pht xp (h) = 20 25 pht

Thit b nhoThit b nho gin onNguyn liuGi Trc quay Cnh khuyu im+ n gin, d ch to+ Thao tc d, u t thpNhc imNc + ng + mui + cht bo + trng + nguyn liu ph (ng chuyn ha, MTB..) + sa + tinh du Khuy trn u trong trong thi gian ( = 23 pht) ri + bt m sau nho ng nht ri + thuc n nh trn trong thi gian ( = 45 pht) ri + bt thay th v + bt m cn li, tin hnh nho tip trong thi gian ( = 1550 pht) + Cht lng khng n nhTh t nho bt+ NS thp, c gii, t ng thpTha mn:ng, mui dng tinh th ha tan trc bt nho xp (nghin nh)Cht bo (nh ha, a trc bt nho khng lm gim t0 ca cht bo)Thuc nThuc n c tnh kim (trnh nguyn liu c tnh acid)Trnh s phn hy sm Trnh s phn ly Thit b nho kiu nm ngang

Thit b nho lin tcThit b nhoBt mKhi bt nhou imNhc im+ Nng sut ln, cht lng ng u, n nh+ m bo v sinh, c gi, t ng ha cao+ Yu cu chuyn mn cao, chi ph ln+ Phc tp, cng knhNguyn tc:G I: chun b dch nh tng: Nc + ng + mui + nguyn liu ph (ng chuyn ha, MTB..) + tinh du khuy trn u vi = 200300 v/p trong = 23 pht to khi ng nht ri + sa + cht bo + trng khuy trn vi = 15001800 v/p trong = 1.53 pht to thnh khi ng nht.G II: Nho btKhi ng nht + bt m ( = 2530 v/pXp = 23 phtDai = 812 pht)Thuc nXp = 23 pht, = 1015 v/pDai = 58 pht, = 5060 v/pBt thay th + bt m cn liXp = 710 pht, = 1015 v/p, Wbn=1620%Dai = 2025 pht, = 1520 v/p, Wbn =2025%Nhit nhoXp t0 = 26280CDai t0 = 35400C)Cu to: (hv) + Dng ni hai v, iu nhit, c cnh khuy

To hnh2.3.2. Cn khi bt nhoCnXut hin ng lcNgangDcTo hnh d dngGi c hnh dng tt sau khi to hnhdo cng, do nht Sau khi cnXut hin ng lcGluten sau khi cnTnh n hi Mch phn t gluten do cc phn t b t c ni li a/h n CL bnhPhn b, loi b khng kh tha ng uB mt bnh tr ln bng, p hn dn, n , d to hnhK thut cnThit b: my cn trc p, d gim dn, sau mi ln cn yn mt thi gian khung gluten bin dng dn, v phc hi 1 phn khung glutenS ln cn Cng ngh, thit b, nguyn liu, sn phm, cht ph giaDai > xpHo hng > hng I > hng IIThi gian yn khng qu di doBay hi nc trn b mtTo lp v trn b mtHot ng ca enzyme, VSVBnh nt, gim CLK thut cn

K thut cn2.3.2. Cn khi bt nhoB sung:Phn d tha sau khi cn, phn bt nho khcNaHSO3 (gim s ln cn) (lin kt)Cht chng dnh (tinh bt, khng kh nng) ln trc cnt = tbn - tmtTc bay hi nc trn b mtiu chnh hm m ca khi bt nhoThng t 70CPhng php yn khi bt nhoTrnh chng khi bt ln nhau (t0 )KK = 8590% ph lp vi du90mm70508060Gp iHo hng: s b 5 ln 90mm 70 50(gp i i chiu) 80 60(sau mi ln yn 1060 pht) sau cn tip 4 ln 35mm 20 (gp i i chiu) 25 10 23mm

To hnh* To hnh bnhquy dai (dp hnh)Khi bt nhoFFBnh sngDy ctKhunCu to (hnh v)+ Khun c mp c mi sc+ H thng dy ctu im+ Hnh dng a dng, phong phNhc im+ Tn hao ln+ Nng sut nh

To hnhCu to (hnh v)u im+ Hnh dng a dng, phong ph+ Nng sut cao, c kh ha, t ng ha cao+ Sn phm ng uNhc im+Cng knh phc tp................Khi bt nho1435261: Trc to hnh2: Trc p3: Bng ti to hnh4: Bng ti nng5: H thng phun cht chng dnh6: Dao ct

2.4. Nng bnh2.4.1. Ch nng bnhG ITKK = 1801850C khng qu cao hnh thnh v ngn cn truyn nhit, m, kh v chy, rut sngTbm = 1001050C, TTT = 70750C qu trnh chuyn nhit mH ha tinh bt v tinh bt, protit bin tnh. lm bnh chnPhn hy thuc n kh To p sut (do t0 cao)Thot ra ngoi trng xpBay hi ncKhong trngT0 cao xp nng (kch thc bnh) thng 1 = 11.5 phtKK = 6570% (khng qu thp v khng qu cao) a/h

2.4. Nng bnh2.4.1. Ch nng bnhG IITKK = 2502550C khng qu cao bnh chy, qu thp carramen, maye thp ( tng cng phun, qut lp nc ng)Tbm = 1801850C, TTT = 1001050C qu trnh chuyn nhit mTo v bnh: TB, pr, cc cht khc bin tnh (mt nc t0 cao) vCarramen, melanoidin Mu scMi v, hng thm c trng nng thng 1 = 11.5 phtKK = 4045%G IIITKK = 1801850CTbm = 1101150C, TTT = 1001050C truyn m nng thng 1 = 11.5 phtKK = 4045%

2.4.2. Nhng bin i trong qu trnh nng bnhNhng bin iBin i vt lBin i nhit Bin i khi lngBin i th tch v khi lng ringBin i mu scBin i ha lBin i mBin i h keoBin i trng thiBin i ha hcBin i ca tinh btBin i ca ngBin i ca protitBin i ca cht boBin i ca cht khong

Bin i nhit t1t2t3G1G2G3 (pht)t0C1801850C2502550C1801850CT0 siT0 vT0 tm

Khi lng gimHi nc (Wbn = 1625 710%)Phn hy cc cht bi nhit Thuc n kh thotCht khc kh, d bay hi..Mt phn nc lin kt b tha ra ngoiTh tch tng doThuc n CO2, NH3 p lc khong trngKh khc: V ( t0 cao) bay hi khong trngS phn b ng u ca thuc n, kh, v cc cht d b nhit phn a/h quan trng n s tng th tch, kch thc v hnh dng bnh sau khi nngNaHCO3 80900C, (NH4)2CO3 55600CHi nc p lc ( t0 cao) bay hi khong trngMu scVng (nguyn liu) Trng (kt thc giai on I)Trng Vng ti (kt thc giai on II)Vng ti Vng kh (trng) (kt thc giai on III)Carramen MelanoidinPhn hy thuc nPhn hy cc cht khc+ To mu vng ti+ Hng v c trng+ gi tr cm quan+ cl sn phm t0 nng, thnh phn cht d nhit phn: ng, a.a, NaHCO3

Bin i m+ Trong l nng lun duy tr mt lng m ty thuc vo tng giai on nng+ bin i m lun tin hnh song song vi bin i nhit+ c trng ca bin i m l qu trnh dch chuyn m cn bng vi mi trngBin i mGI:Ngng t hi trn b mt bnhChn lch t0 (t0KK = 1801850C, T0b bnh = 28320C)Chn lch m (KK = 60750C, b bnh = 16250C)Ngay sau t1 Gradien nhit (v trung tm) ng lc dch chuyn m vo trong Wbnh (TT) 1.21.5% (dng nhit m: dna)Song song vi dng nhit m cn tn ti dng dn m t trong ra ngoi do s chnh lch m (Gradien m (trung tm v)) (dng m nhit : da) u dna> da (thng dna=1.61.7 da) Wbnh (TT) trong qu trnh nng dna gim dn (do gradien nhit gim) v da tng dn n thi im no y th dna = da (cn bng) n cui qu trnh th ch cn daGII:Bc hi nc din ra mnh lit Wbnh gim vi v = constHin tng bay hi ngy cng tin su vo trung tm do t0TT = tsiTrong giai on ny ch yu din ra dng daGIII:da gim dn 0 do nc t do thot ra ngoi ch cn nc lin ktMt phn nc lin kt lp v b bay hi chun b cho s hnh thnh v

Bin i h keoProtitTrng n tt t0 = 30400C khi t0 cao hn trng n gimKhi t0 bnh > 500C ng t v tch ncTo h keoNc tch ra c tinh bt hp thTinh btTrng n tt t0 = 40600C khi t0 cao hn h ha t0 800C Khi h ha tinh bt ht mt lng nc ng k lm kh bnhBin i trng thiHnh thnh vVai trProtitMt nc, bin tnh t0 = 50700CTinh btH ha, mt nct0Cc cht khcBin it0Cu trc mao xpc hnh thnhCu trc mao-xp-keo-mThnh phn khc (ng..)V bnht nngHnh thnh v smNgn cn qu trnh truyn nhit, dn m, thot khNgn cn thay i th tch, to cng c hc chu lc..(chnh thi gian hnh thnh v thch hp)Tc hnh thnh vT0nng: t0 nng th hnh thn v KK: t0 nng th hnh thn v (KK GI = 6570%)Wbn: Wbn th hnh thn v ( dai > xp) xp bnh: xp th hnh thn vCc yu t (thnh phn, t/c khi bt nho, hnh dng, kch thc..

Bin i ha hcTinh bt khng ha tanTinh bt ha tan + dextrinNhit phn 150% bngng do (carramen, melanoidin..)(xp gim nhiu hn giai)Protit t bin iAlbumin, Globulin, Gliadin Gluten = constCht boGim mnh cn 310% ban uB bay hi (do cc ht mixen lin kt khng bn), b chyCh s I2 gim, ch s acid bin i khng theo quy lut noCht khongP gimCc cht khong khc t bin i

Hon thin sn phmLm ngui bnhBnh sau khi nngT0v = 1101150C, T0TT = 1001050C, Lng nc trong bnh kh lnBnh d gy, dnh, ntLm nguiG I:G IIPhi lm nguiT0 bnh = 40450C, T0KK = 40600C, KK = 34 m/s, KK = 7075%Phun hngT0 bnh = t0KK + 230CT0KK = 20300C, KK = 34 m/s, KK = 7075% lm nguiT0KK, KKKK lm ngui thng KK = 7075%Hin tng gim trng lngHi nc bay hiCc cht d bay hi khcGim n mbnh = constHin tng rn nt bnhDo t = tbnh tmt gin n cc lp khng ng u voNguyn liu (cht lng, s lng gluten, cht bo)Kch thc(dy, mng), hnh dng (vung, trn)t: thng t = 15400CKK, T0KK , KK thng KK = 7075%, KK = 34 m/sHin tng kh b mtDo bc hi nc trn b mt (ng lc bay hi nc qu mnh) Vo tc bc hi nc (KK , T0KK, KK )

Hon thin sn phmPhun hngMc chTo hng v thm ngon, c trng cho sn phmTng gi tr cm quan (mu sc, mi v)Tng gi tr dinh dngBo qunHng v thng dngHng thm t nhinHng thm tng hp (tinh du cam, chanh, to, chui)Acid thc phmXiro tinh du(a dng, phong ph)T l ng/nc = 1/1.1T0 nu = 1101150C, nu = 57 phtLc lm ngui n t0 = 40450C

Bao gi v bo qun2.6.1. Bao giMc chm bo xp, dn (chng m, kh..)Tng gi tr cm quan (mu sc, hnh dng)Bo v cc hp cht d bay hi khng thot ra ngoi (hng, v)Chng xm nhp ca vi sinh vtCung cp thng tin sn phm cho ngi tiu dngThc hin bng thit b bao gi chuyn dng2.6.2. Bo qun bnhBin i m KK (KK opt = 7578%)Kh nng i lu ca khng kh (thng KK = 34 m/s)WbnhTnh cht chng m ca bao bCht boD b oxy ha (t0 cao, nh sng, O2KK) i khtTc oxy ha Mc bo ha ca cht boCh s I2 ( )Mui (c bit l mui Cu2+), nh sngCht chng oxy ha (fructose, i mch, phophatit, VTM CCh bo qunt0 opt = 18200C, KK opt = 7578%) bo qun = 3 6 thngB tr, sp xp hp l (trong kho bo qun)

2.7. Mt s tnh ton trong sn xut bnh quyGi s trong sn xut bnh quy xp ca mt nh my c nng sut 2 tn/ca v c thc n nh sau:Bt m 100 Kg c hm lng cht kh 86%ng Saccarose 40 Kg.......................99,9%Trng 10 Kg.......................70%B 5 Kg........................90%Thuc n 1 Kg........................12%Wbnh= 5%, tiu hao trong qu trnh sn xut l 2%, Wbt = 20%Khi lng cht kh Khi lng bt nho Lng nc cn b sung cho khi bt nho Lng cht kh cn li sau ch bin

Lng sn phm theo thc n Vi nh my sn xut nng sut 2 tn/ca 250Kg/h do Lng bt m cho mt caLng ng cho mt ca Lng trng cho mt ca Lng b cho mt ca Lng thuc n cho mt ca

Lng nc nho cho mt ca T nhng kt qu ny ta c th tnh c lng nguyn liu ca tng loi theo gi, ngy, thng, qu, nm... do nh my ch ng c phng n chun b cho sn xut Bi tp 1:Tnh lng nguyn liu cung cp trong 1 n v thi gian sn xut bnh quy xp vi nng sut ca nh my = 4 tn/ca. Bit t l hao ht cht kh ca ton qu trnh l T = 2%, Wbnh = 5%, Wbn = 20% v khi cng thc nho l

Bi tp 2:Xc nh hm lng bnh thu c khi sn xut bnh quy xp theo cng thc bi 1. Bit t l hao ht cht kh trong cc cng on l nh sau- Trong cng on nho bt l 1%- Trong cng on to hnh l 0.5%- Trong cng on nng v lm ngui l 0.5% V Wbnh = 5%, Wbn = 20%

CHNG IVCNG NGH SN XUT BNH M

Nc, bt, muiPhng php nho u

Phng php khng dng bt u

Phng php rt gn

Phng php nho cng mnh

CHNG VCNG NGH SN XUT MT S SN PHM BNH KHC

QUY TRNH SN XUT BNH GATO V BNH NGT

CNG NGH SN XUT KOPHN III

CHNG VICNG NGH SN XUT KO CNG

Nguyn l sn xut ko cngc im ca ko cngCngDnKo cng khng nhn W 11.5%Trong sutHm lng nc W 3%Do nguyn liu, cng ngh, k thut...Ko cng c nhn W 1.53%Nguyn l:ng Saccarose(tinh th)ng Saccarose(v nh hnh)(chng kt tinh)Cc phng php chuyn haTrc tipGin tipng Sac(tinh th)ng Sac(v nh hnh)t0ncng Sac(tinh th)ng Sac(v nh hnh)+ H2Ong SacTch nc(dung dch)Cht chng kt tinhN: b sung nhm mc ch ngn qu trnh kt tinh li ca ng SaccaroseMc ch hm lng cht kh. ( nht) h s ha tan ca dung dch cng mu, n nh phong v.. gi thnh sn phm, a dng ha sn phmCht dng lm cht chng kt tinhCht v c: K2CO3, KCl, NaCl...Cht hu c: Kaliaxetat, Kalicitrat, G, F, M, ng chuyn ha, mt tinh bt...Khi b sung ha tan ca Sac ha tan ng tng sKt tinhVH: h s tng quan nh hng

nh hng ca cht chng kt tinh n ha tan ca ng SaccaroseBng . nh hng ca Glucose n ha tan ca ng Saccarose

nh hng ca cht chng kt tinh n ha tan ca ng SaccaroseBng . nh hng ca ng chuyn ha n ha tan ca Sac

nh hng ca cht chng kt tinh n ha tan ca ng SaccaroseBng . nh hng ca Mt tinh bt n ha tan ca Sac

Quy trnh sn xut ko cngng SaccaroseHa SiroLcNu p sut thngLm nguiPhi trnTo hnhKo cng sn phmMt tinh btLm nguiBao ging hpCht muCht iu vHng liuKo u uiGia nhit s bNu chn khng

Ha Siro* N: l qu tan ng sac v cc cht khc (MTB, ng chuyn ho) thnh dung dch ng nht* Nguyn tc: H2O + ng + nguyn liu khchh ng nhtHo siro(t0, , pH, ph gia)(va )(hon ton)H2O lnKhc phc (ho tan hon ton) nu , tn nng lng, hiu sut s dng thit b.[ ng kh] carramen ho v chy ncYu cu vi sirong ho tan trit (hon ton) Khng hon ton mm tinh th kt tinh li (qu bo ho)Nng siro t cao nht [CK] = 8081%

Ha SiroCc phng php ha tan siro* Phng php gin on: Thc hin theo 2 cch Cch 1: H2O + MTB hh ng nht + ng SACT0 = 600C, max1720% SACGia nhitT0 =1101150C [CK] = 8486%Nhc im: tng = 2530 pht (di), [k] 44.5%Cch 2: H2O + SAC Gia nhit (t0 = 1081150C) ([CK] = 80%)max,2530% SACGia nhitT0 =1161170C [CK] = 8486%Nhc im: tng = 3540 pht (di), [k] 46%[CK] = 7580%+ MTB* Phng php lin tc: SAC + MTBH2O(Trn u)1720% SAC, t0 = 60700CHo tanmaxGia nhitT0 =1101150C [CK] = 8486%= 12 phtPh = 46 atmLc u im: tng = 56 pht (ngn), [k] 24%lin tc > PP I > PPII

Ha Sirom: Kh nng ho tan (Kg)C0: nng cht tan trng thi bo ho (g/l)C: nng cht tan ngoi dung dch (g/l)d: b dy lp dung dch bo ho (m) (khuy d F: din tch b mt tip xc (m2): thi gian (s)K:h s ho tan ca cht tan vi dung mi ho tan (ml/m.s)Trong

Thit b Ha SiroPhi t = 3 (KG/Cm2)

Tnh ton lng hi ho tan Xiro (Phc tp tham kho)Nguyn tc:Qcung cp = Qhi t + Qho tan + Qma stQcung cp = Qtiu thQtiu th = Qnng nhit + Qbc hi + Qkh nc + Qtn tht= G.C.(tS t) + W.r + QKN + .Fn(tDD tKK) QKN = Qht + QhtcTrong :G: Khi lng dch ban u (Kg)C: Nhit dung ring ca dung dch (KJ/Kg.)tS, t, tDD, tKK: Nhit si, ban u, dung dch, khng kh (0C)W: Khi lng nc chuyn ho thnh hi (Kg)r: n nhit ho hi ca nc: H s trao i nhit (W/m2)F: Din tch b mtQht, Qhtc : Nhit ho tan tch phn ca cht rn tan trong dung dch nng u v cui

Tnh ton lng hi ho tan Xiro Qhi t =??? Trong :D: lng hi t (Kg/s)r: n nhit ngng t (KJ/Kg)i, ingng: Hm nhit ca hi t v ca nc ngng (KJ/Kg) (Cngng (nc) = 1)Trong nh my sn xut, hoc th cng tnh theo cng thcTrong : G: Lng Siro (Kg) C: Nhit dung ring (KJl/Kg.) : H s tnh n lng nhit tn tht thng = 1,11.15 t1,t2: Nhit ban u v nhit cui ca Siro thng t1= 25OC, v t2= 105OC Qtiu th = Q

Phi trn nguyn liu T l nguyn liu Cht lng sn phm (Trng thi, mu sc, mi v) Kh nng ho tan trit ca ngKt tinh liCng ngh sn xutPhng php xc nhQuy inh hm lng ng kh cui = 1218%, ko cng 15%Hm lng kh trong qu trnh phi trn c tnh theo cng thcTrong : RS: Hm lng ng kh trong ko (%)PRS: Khi lng ng kh a vo khi lng (Kg)PCK: Hm lng cht kh trong dung dch siro (Kg)WK: Lng m trung bnh ca koRSKN: Hm lng ng kh to ra trong qu trnh nu ko

Phi trn nguyn liu [ K]sn phm = [K]nguyn liu + [K]cng ngh(Nu)(Quy nh = 1218%)Ko cng 15%- Ph thuc vo cng ngh pH [6,7)

Nu Th cng: 36% P thng: 1.53% P chn khng: 1.52%Bi tp Bi 2: Tnh hm lng MTB s dng trong sn xut ko cng c hm lng ng kh trong ko thnh phm l 14%. Bit trong qu trnh sn xut hm lng ng kh tng ln 2%, ng c [CK] = 99.5% v MTB s dng c hm lng ng ho l 30%, W = 20%, khi ko c WK = 1.5%MTB, ng chuyn ho, Glucose. Bi 1: Tnh lng MTB s dng phi liu vi 100Kg ng SAC (W = 0.05%) sn xut ko cng. Bit sau khi phi liu [K] = 13% v MTB s dng c [K] = 35%, W = 25%, v sn phm ko c WK = 3%.

Lc dch ng Mc ch loi b tp cht (Cht rn khng tan, mm tinh th ung) Thit b lc dch ngLc vi (th cng)Lc ryKch thc ry: 0.10.3mmBm p lc: P = 36 atmThi gian lc nhanh chng

6.3.2. Gia nhit s b Mc ch [CK] = 8688% t0 dch siro ln t0 = 1151180C (do trong qu trnh lc t0 gim) nu, s dng thit bThit b ng xon rut gNi hai v c cnh khuy ( = 3035 v/pht)Dng ng chm (thng dng) Qu trnh gia nhit cc iu kin sau Thi gian gia nhit = 8 12 (pht) Nhit gia nhit cao nht t = 115 118OC Hm lng cht kh = 86 88% pH = 55.5

Nu ko Nu ko N: L qu trnh c c, bc hi nc khi siro thnh khi ko thnh phmKhi siroKo thnh phmBc hi nc (- H2O)QPhng php nuNu p sut thngNu p sut chn khngNu gin onNu lin tcNi nu nNi nu kp

Nu p sut thngc imNgun nhit (trc tip)Kh gasL than (s dng rng ri hn: xt v mt v sinh, kinh t th v thun tin )L hiNhit nu nng cht kh [CK] 97% t01501650C chng loi ko (tham kho bng) cc yu t khc (thun , pH, nguyn liu, iu kin bao gi)

Nu p sut thngPhngp php kt thcDng nhit k (xc nh t0 kt thc)Da vo kinh nghim (ly 1 t siro b vo nc lnh ng cc to thnh khi rn chc, dn kt thc)u im: Thao tc n gin, vn u t t. Thch hp vi quy m sn xut nh v th cng Nhc im Khng m bo cht lng sn phm, v phong v ca ko Khng m bo yu cu v sinh thc phm Tiu tn nng lng, nhn cng Sn xut da ch yu vo kinh nghim do sn phm khng c tnh n nh.

Nu p sut chn khngu im t0 nu thp = 1151350C hn ch mt s tc ng ca nhit (caramen.) Kh nng c gii ho, t ng ho tt m bo v sinh, cht lng ng u n nh (l, ho)Nhc im Cng knh, phc tp, yu cu chuyn mn cao Thao tc phc tp, chnh xc, vn u t cao Thch hp vi quy m sn xut cng nghipNu p sut chn khngNu gin onNu lin tcNi nu nNi nu kp

Ni nu nCu to Ni nu nSiroGia nhit Ni nu(T0 = 1301350C)(Trc tip)PCK = 655660 mmHg(T0 = 1151180C)

Ni nu nThao tc+ M van hi ta dch voMVan nc ngngVan ht chn khngn quan st+ Khi PCK 380mmHg bc hi mnh lit bt kh khc phc (b sung du ph bt, hoc PCK (m van kh nn)+ DngPCK = 660mmHg, t0 = 1201210C ( W 3%)Thao tc dngng van nc ngngng van ht chn khngM van nn kh (ph v chn khng)u im dch ra thit b lm nguing van hi t+ nu = 510 pht- Nng sut nu ln, hiu sut s dng ni cao - Nguyn liu cn phi c tnh n nh cao Nhc im - Do nhit gia nhit cao (132oC) do ng b phn hu - Thao tc cn chnh xc, chc chn

Ni nu kpHi tKhi koNc ngngDch Xiro sau khi gia nhitHt chn khngHt chn khngNi bc hiNi c c(PCK = 700720mmHg)(t0 = 1151180C)(PCK = 250251 mmHg)(P = 46at)Cu to (hnh v)Ni nu kpNi bc hiNi c cm bo cht lng ng dng rng riVanW 4%W3%(t0 = 1251280C)(t0 = 1101120C)

Ni nu kp

Ni nu kpThao tcM bm chn khng n PCK = 250254mmHgNh: chuyn t0 khi dch Ln: v dch ma st thnh ngKt tinh li(Dch t chy do P)M van hi t t Phi = 46 atT0 khi dch 1251280CSiroW 4%Bc hiTho xung ni c cVan(PCK = 700720mmHg)(t0 = 1101120C)W 3%(Kt thc)M van nn khTho xung thit b lm ngui(ph v chn khng)Yu cu: tho nh Gi Phi t = 2.53 at

Nu lin tcCu to (hnh v)2 phnB phn un nng SiroBung bc hi

Nu lin tcNuBung gia nhitBung bc hiDng ng xon rut gPhi t = 46at t0 = 1591600C t0 siro cui ng = 1351360CPCK = 650690mmHgH thng phun sng iu chnh khong cch W 3%u im -Thi gian nu ngn = 56 pht/m tc dng nhit (Caramen) hu nh khng ng kTiu tn t nng lng (hi t un nng siro v gi nhit cho khi ko)iu chnh c W (bng cch iu chnh khong cch ni bc hi, t0 un nng, PCK) C gii ho, t ng ho cao Dng h thng thng cha c h thng gia nhit d tho Cht lng ng u, n inhNhc im - Phc tp, cng knh - Yu cu khi ko sau nu: (trong sut, khng c vt trng (ng kt tinh li))

Nhng bin i trong qu trnh nuBin i l hc[CK] qu bo hoV nh hnhKhng kt tinhW t linh ng dng st Bin i ho hc

Mt s hng hn ch sn phm bc II Bc II [CK] khi nuT l thnh phn nguyn liu[K] ca sn phmiu kin k thut, cng ngh [frutose]D bin i to thnh sp bc IIBin i nhit thpNu nhit thpiu chnh pHpH = [6,7) v pH 7B sung kim yu (mui ca acid hu c) Dng MTB iu chnh nu pH > 7 Cc yu t nh hng n qu trnh nu nh nhit , thi gian, pH, hm lng Fructose, hm lng ng...

Lm ngui, qut ko, ln vutKo sau nuT0 khi ko = 1051200CLinh ng cao [ ] caoKt tinh li khi gim t0lm ngui nhanh n t0 = 80900CPhi trnLm ngui IIQut koLn, vutTo hnhCht muCht iu vHng liuKo u uiYu cu ca QT lm nguiTc NhanhChm gi nhit nhanhHn ch c/ cc tinh th gi nhit diCc pt SAC d dng c D b kt tinh liT0 lm ngui = 80900CCaoLinh ng hi ngDnh a/h ln, vut, to hnhBay hi, phn hu cht mu mi, vThpCng a/h ln, vut, to hnhPhn b cc cht b sung (mu, mi,

Thit bLm ngui trc tip (bng khng kh)Dng tm truyn nhitTm 1 mt or 2 mtH thng lm mtNguyn tc xui chiuCht ti nhit: nc, kh, hiThi gian lm nguiKh nng truyn nhit ca thit bS truyn nhitt = tko tnc NhDnh cht chng dinh lm ngui a/h n khi koLn Lm ngui To vNgn cn truyn nhitKK khng ng u a/h n clng sng W Thng t = 5150CB dy khi koa/h n lm ngui, ng u ca khi ko, kh nng khi trn (m, ko u ui)Thng d = 57 cmCht chng dnhDu thc vtParafin, spPhun trc khi khi ko

Phi trnKhi t0 = 80900CCht phi trn (cht mu, mi, v, hng liu, ko u ui theo thc n)Phng phpHng liu, cht mu, mi, v..Dung dch+ H2OT0=80900CGia nhitPhun dng sng Ko u uiT0=80900CGia nhitPhi trnTrn uMc chThit b (hnh v)Lm ng u khi ko (mu, mi, v, hng liu)Ngn cn, hn ch to v lm ngui

Nc voNc voNc raHng liuKo u uiCht mu, mi, vKhi ko voKhi ko raNguyn l (SV t trnh by)Du bi trn

Lm ngui IIL do: Sau lm ngui 1 (t0=80900C) khi ko dnh, st cha a sang cng on qut, cn c lm ngui n (t0=50550C)Thit bBng khng khBng ncTm truyn nhitQut koMc chTo xp cho ko thnh phm, gim trng lng ringD ln, vut, to hnh = 14 phtDi khi ko xp, khi lng ring nh b t khi ln, vutNgn khng t xpPhng phpTo ng u, to h thng mao dnLt ngc khi koo trn, ghp cc khi koBng thit b chuyn dng

To hnhKhi koVin koBao giTo hnh(kch thc, hnh dng)Lm nguiCc cng onLnVutDp hnhPhung php dp hnhLnNhit khi ko t0 = 50550CThit bCao: to cc, dnh trcThp: Cng khng ng u, khuyt tt, rn ntDng trc, cn, 46 trc (hnh v)H thng phun du chng dnhVutNhit khi ko t0 = 45500CThit bt sau ln, 46 cp, iu chnh c khong cch, t vi nhau (hoc so le nhau)H thng phun du chng dnh

Cu to thit b ln, vut..........................................................123456Khi ko1: Ru l tip nhn26: Ru l vuti dp hnhi dp hnh

Dp hnhNhit khi ko t0 = 40450CThit bCao: dnh, bin dng, hng vn hoa (khng r nt), to mp.. xuThp: Cng, nt, v, m, khuyt tt..t sau thit b vut H thng phun du chng dnhDp hnhCu to: (hnh v)F.......................Khi koPhun duBng ti vn chuynHm dpBng ti tip nhnBng ti lm nguiCu to my dp hnh

Lm ngui, la chn, bao giLm nguiT0 sau khi to hnh 38400C mm, d bin dng tip tc lm nguiT0 sau khi lm ngui 25300C ko tr ln cng, dn..Thit b (dng bng ti, hnh v)To hnhSng, la chnBao giKhng kh

Lm ngui, la chn, bao giLa chnMc ch: loi b nhng vin li, lm, nt, v, mp dThit b sng rung c kch thc thch hp (hnh v) = 200250(v/pht)Bao giMc chNgn nga tip xc vi mi trngHn chHt mVSVHng vGiCht lng n nh, mu sc, hng vW theo yu cuTng gi trCm quanHnh thcBao bTrc dng giy 2 lp (chng m + trang tr)Nay dng 1 lp hn hp (gm chng m + kh + VSV + trang trThit b (my bao gi chuyn dng)

CHNG VIICNG NGH SN XUT KO MM

ng SacacrozaCht chng kt tinhHa tanH2OLcNu koLm nguiXiro1ng ha IILm nguiPhi trnQut koTo hnhLm nguiBao giSn phmHng liuCht mu, vKo u uing ha ICht keoQuy trnh sn xut ko mm

Chun b siro 1Ging ko cng, bao gm ha tan, lc, nu..W W sn phm t l phi trn vi hh ng nht I v W ca nng ho I Albumin: Bt lng trng trng Ngm To bt Dch albuminGelatin: Gelatin Ngm Lm tan Lc Dch Gelatin Nguyn liu ph(T0 200C)NuS dng thit b gin on chn khng P = 200400mmHgThng W = 9095%MTB s dng c mc ng ha cao hn ko cng

Tnh cht ca dch keoC kh nng ht nc v gi nc ttC kh nng chuyn dch (linh ng)Trng thi ng t- Mt nng lc hot ng t do- Hnh thnh lin kt mch li vi nhauNt mngKhung mng+ H2O v gi H2O Khi keo ng tCc phn t keo ngm ng (ko mm)Siro ng [ ] caoNguyn liu to keoAgar-agarNgm nc ttNgm ng thpSn phmMm ngt thpAlbumin + Gelatin: ngm nc t hn nhng ngm ng nhiu hn Sp ngt hn, trong sut, do, n hi Wsp = 1520%Tinh bt v tinh bt bin tnh: ngm nc thp xp, trong km Wsp = 10%Pectin: Sn phm mm, trong, hng v hoa qu

GelatinNguyn liuGelatin dng tmGelatin dng ht, btc im: khng tan trong nc lnh m ht nc v trng nNgmBng nc ngmLng nc ngm/gelatin = 2 T0 nc ngm 200CpH = 7 (khng dng nc cng)= 22.5h (dng tm)= 11.2h (dng bt, ht)Xc nh nng lc lin kt[ ] Gelatin = 45%Chu c P = 350 g/cm3LcMc chLoi b phn t rn, tp cht, ht gelatin khng ha tanTc dng ng nhtPhng phpLc vi, khung bnt0 = 38400CYu cu ca dch Gelatinng nhtC thng cha iu nhit t0 = 30350CHa lngChuyn sang trng thi dung dchPhng phpNng t0 500C (thng = 40450C)Nu cao qu mt nc

AlbuminNguyn liuBt lng trng trng (thng dng)Trng lnhTrng tiNgmBng nc ngm = 88.5h Lng nc ngm/albumin = 34 T0 nc ngm = 35400CpH = 7 (khng dng nc cng)Trnh acid, kim ln voNhanh: Albumin cha trng n htChm: bin tnhCc bin iHt nc trng n li trng thi ban uBin tnh do tc dng ca nhit (khi t0 cao)To btCc bin iTo xp cho ko mmTo keo, dnh, lin ktPhng phpMy cao tc = 200100 (v/p) = 1015 phtYu cu ca dch albuminXp, u, lp bt phi n nhC mi v c trng, m S dng ngay (nu khng b bin cht lm mt tc dng to keo)

ng ho II Dch siroDch ng ha IDch ng ha II(thit b ng ha)Thit b + thao tcNi hai v c h thng cnh khuyThao tcM van hi nc t0 thit b = t0 dch keo (=30350C)a dch keo vo ni bng ng ht (theo t l nh sn)M cnh khuy nh trn 510 pht vi chm v nng nhitB sung t t lng siro vo vi = max = 300400 (v/p)B sung gia v, nguyn liu ph (sa, trng, acid) v dung dch m (vi gelatin dng Natrinitrate = 20%lng acid)B sung lng siro cn liYu cu dung dch: Trng, mn, xp v = 15 20 pht

Lm nguiGing ko cngG I = 70800C, G II = 40450CMt s tnh ton vi sn xut ko mmBi tp 1Thc n: ng sac 100 Kg (99.9%), MTB 80 Kg (80% ng kh = 40%), nguyn liu khc 25Kg (15%). Sn phm ko c Wko = 15%, [ ] ng kh = 20%. Tnh [ ] ng kh tng ln trong cng ngh sn xut

CHNG VIIICNG NGH SN XUT KO SOCOLA

Ca cao Theobroma ca cao griolo:cht lng cao nhng c sn lng thp Theobroma ca cao phorastero: Sn lng cao nhng cht lng li km hn. Xut s, phn b ti Vit NamThnh phn ca ca caoDu ca caoTo sn phm cng, gin c trng T0nc = 320C lng trong c th ngiKhng b i kht (56 nm) (do c cht chng oxi ha)( 50% ln men)Cht teopromin Hm lng 1.51.7% trng lng ht, 0.51% v dng tinh th nh, trng, v ng, thng hoa 3080CCTPT C7H8N4O2 tan trong clorofoc, acid acetic c kh nng lm tng sc chu ng ca tim( c trong thuc tim mch)Cht cafein) C8H10O2N4.H2O, dng tinh th hnh kim, mu trng (kopheinTan trong ete tch ra khi teoprominT0 thng hoa = 1080C, t0 b bay hi = 1000C, T0nc = 320CC tc dng sinh l n c th, (dng hm lng qu nhiu s gy c)

Cc acid hu c: Cc acid hu c c trong thnh phn ca ht dng d bay hi hoc khng bay hi. Trong , nhng acid khng bay hi gm c acid malic, acid tactric, acid oxalic. Trong qu ca cao cn c cha mt lng nh cc acid hu c t do, thng chim khong 0,7-2,33% (tnh theo acid tactric).Glucid: Trong cc loi glucid c trong qu ca cao th tinh bt chim hm lng nhiu nht khong 7%. ng khong 1% so vi trng lng ca qu. Ngoi ra, trong ht ca cao c khong 2,5% xenlulloza v 1,5% pentoza cn trong v qa c khong 16,5% xenlulloza v 6,0% pentoza.Protein:Trong ht ca cao, protein chim khong 10,4% cn trong v l 13,5%. Thnh phn chnh protein c trong qu ca cao l albumin v globumin Cc cht thm:L mt trong nhng thnh phn c gi tr ln trong qu ca cao. D-linalol c trong thnh phn hp cht vi cc acid bo c phn t thp (nh acid caprylic, acid capric, acid valerialic, amylaxetat, amylbutyrat).Cht thm trong ca cao gm nhng sn phm d v kh bay hi. Trong , nhng cht thm d bay hi th phn ln bay i khi rang ht, chng l nhng cht c mi kh chu. Nh s bay hi ca cc cht m v ngon v hng thm ca ca cao c tt hn cn phn cht thm c gi tr ln, chng ha tan trong du ca cao.

Cc cht tro: Hm lng trung bnh cc cht tro c trong ht ca cao khong 2,5-3% cn trong v khong 6,5%. Nhng thnh phn trong tro ca ht ca cao l Fe, K, P, Mg, chng c t l nh sau: K2O:34%, P2O5:32%, MgO:16%, Fe2O3:0,01-0,03%.Trng hp m hm lng Fe trong thnh phn ca cao tng ln th cn xem li thit b, c th b v khi sn xut. Ngoi ra, trong ca cao cn c cha mt lng rt nh Cu, Zn, As, I2..Cc kt qu nghin cu cho thy, thnh phn ho hc ca qu ca cao nh sau:Thnh phn ho hc ca lp v cng (shell):

Thnh phn ho hc ca lp v tht (pulp):

Lp v tru (husk): Cha cht mu (pigment) l polyflavon glucoza, khi lng phn t ln hn 1500, n bn pH=3-11 v c s dng lm cht mu thc phm. Hm lng khong 7,9%.Trong 100g ht ca cao c

8.1.2.Bt Ca cao Bng thnh phn ha hc ca bt Ca cao s dng trong sn xut Scla Bt Scla c hai loi l loi bt khng kim ha (bt t nhin) dng sn xut Scla v loi bt th hai l bt c kim ha gim bt lng acid trong bt, dng sn xut Scla bc v o, trang tr... Ty theo mc kim ha m mu sc v hng v khc nhau

8.1.3.B Ca cao B Ca cao l nguyn liu quan trng, trc tip nh hng n cht lng ca Scla, b Ca cao thu c bng cch p ht Ca cao. B Ca cao c mu vng nht, l nguyn liu quan trng sn xut Scla. Thnh phn ca Scla c cha cc cht glyxerit ca acid Stearic, Oleic v mt lng nh acid Lindeic...Cc tnh cht quan trng ca b Cacao l:* Tnh kt tinh a hnh (tc l tnh khi chuyn ha ng trng thi lng sang trng thi rn th kt tinh nhiu dng khc nhau). Nhit ca qu trnh kt tinh khc nhau th cc tinh th kt tinh cc hnh dng khc nhau.Dng : c c im hnh thnh rt nhanh, nhng khng bn d dng b bin dng v b nng chy nhit t = 18200C.Dng : c hnh thnh t dng b bin th n c nhit nng chy t = 280C.Dng : c hnh thnh t dng v c nhit nng chy t = 330C.Dng : c hnh thnh t dng v c nhit nng chy t0 = 33350C.Cng ngh sn xut Scla ph thuc rt nhiu vo c tnh kt tinh ca b Ca cao. Scla c nh gi l ngon khi c mn cao, d b gy khi b, ng nht, v c thi gian bo qun lu.* Tnh chm ng: l tnh duy tr c trng thi lng ng nht iu kin nhit xc nh di nhit nng chy. Tnh cht ny c ng dng trong qa trnh rt khun to sn phm.* cng: cng ca b Ca cao ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh nguyn liu, cng ngh, v k thut sn xt.* co: Khi ng t th b Ca cao s b gim th tch lm khi b Ca cao b co li, tnh cht ny lm tng tnh cht hp dn ca sn phm v to bng cho sn phm Scla

QUY TRNH CNG NGH SN XUT SCLA

Trn Cc thnh phn nguyn liu nh bt Ca cao, ng Saccarose, b Ca cao v cc thnh phn khc c tnh ton v nh lng chnh xc theo thc n ca cng ngh. Ngi ta c th iu chnh cc t l ny iu chnh ngt, v tnh cht khc ca sn phm ph hp vi nhu cu th hiu ca khch hng, a dng ha sn phm v gim gi thnh ca sn phm.Thit b trn nguyn liu l thit b dng hai v, gi nhit bng nc m, v c cnh khuy chuyn dng. Nhit ca qu trnh trn thng l t0 = 40450C, vi khong nhit ny th khi nguyn liu c nht v c d to thnh khi ng nht. Thi gian ca qu trnh trn l khong = 2025 pht. Nu thi gian trn l qu nh th khi bt cha ng u cc phn t cha c lin kt vi nhau v cha to thnh khi ng nht. Nu thi gian di lm nht ca khi bt tng ln do cc phn t lin kt vi nhau, v nh hng n cng on nghin.Cnh khuy ca thit b trn o trn

Nghin * Mc ch: l lm gim kch thc ca cc phn t (ch yu l bt Ca cao) to ra trng thi mm mn ca Scla thnh phm. ng thi n cn c tc dng phn tn, lm ng u cc thnh phm.Kch thc ca khi Scla sau khi nghin phi nm trong khong d = 2025mm, nu kch thc ny l qu ln s to cm gic v nhm khi s dng sn phm Scla, nu kch thc qu nh s b dnh rng, dnh vo vng hng.* Cc yu t nh hng n kch thc ca Scla trong qa trnh nghin.Lc p ca cc trc nghin: nu lc ny cng ln th khi Scla c kch thc cng mn. m: Nu m ca khi bt cng cao th qu trnh nghin cng kh, do trong qu trnh trn bt ta phi tnh ton lng nc cho thch hp sn phm qu trnh nho trn c m hp l thch hp cho qu trnh nghin. Thng thng m ca khi bt scla trong qu trnh nghin l W = 12%, km sot c m ny ta phi kim sot c m ca cc thnh phn nguyn liu u vo nh m ca ng, m ca bt Ca cao, m ca b Ca cao, cht ph gia, nguyn liu ph...* Thit b: Qu trnh nghin khi bt c thc hin bng my nghin, c th thc hin qu trnh nghin bng my nghin ba hoc my nghin trc nhng vi sn phm nghin ny thng thng ngi ta s dng my nghin trc c s trc nghin t 35 trc, c khong cch gia cc trc c th thay i c.Ngi ta c th iu chnh c nng sut ca thit b nghin, kch thc ca cc ht Scla bng cch iu chnh vn tc ca cc trc, v khong cch cc trc, lc p ca cc trc. Thng thng tc gia trc np liu v trc tho liu l 810 ln.

* Nhit ca qu trnh nghin: trong qu trnh nghin, nng cao cht lng ca Scla thnh phm khi bt nghin nn c gi iu kin ng nhit, thng thng nhit ny l t0 = 40500C, trong qu trnh nghin do to ma st nn nhit ca khi bt trn b tng ln, nn trong thit b nghin cn c trang b thm h thng lm mt bng nc mt.* nht ca khi bt c nh hng rt ln n cht lng ca scla thnh phm, nu nht qu cao s hnh thnh lp nc bao bc pha xung quanh bn ngoi cc ht scla ngn cn qu trnh thm thu ca b ca cao lm cho khi scla b nht, dch. Ngoi ra m ca khi bt trn cn ph thuc vo t l b ca cao nguyn liu s dng trong sn xut scla, nu hm lng ny qu nh th khi bt trn ca cao d xy ra hin tng vn cc, cn nu hm lng b ca cao ln th khi bt trn ca cao d b chy. Do vy kim sot c nht ca khi bt trn ta kim sot m ca khi bt ny, v hm lng (t l) b ca cao s dng trong cng thc phi trn nguyn liu theo thc n. Trong trng hp nu khi bn trn c nht qu cao vt qu yu cu th ta c th b sung thm Leuxithin, cn trong trng hp khi bt trn c nht thp cha t yu cu (b kh, vn cc) th ta c th b sung thm lng b ca cao theo s lng cn thit thng t 34% lng b ca cao s dng trong phi ch nguyn liu. Nghin

Chng, Mc ch ca qu trnh ny l lm tng cng mi v trng thi mong mun ca khi scla thnh phm.Trong qu trnh chng, din ra nhiu bin i ca khi nguyn liu bao gm cc bin i v mt ha hc to nn cu trc v mi v c trng ca khi scla thnh phm, nhng bin i v mt vt l lm cho cc tinh th ng trong khi scla tng kch thc v c lm trn v to ra cc mi cho s nh ha cht bo v lm gim kch thc ca cc ht cht bo, thay i nht... B mt tip xc ca khi bt nghin tng ln, iu ny lm tng cng phn ng mu v cc phn ng oxy ha kh khc din ra trong qu trnh chng, . Mt lng ln cc acid bay hi c mi khng mong mun c gii phng v ng thi trong qu trnh ny m cng c thot ra lm hn hp scla tr nn m c hn. Qu trnh chng, c thc hin qua 2 giai on.Qu trnh nng cao phm cht khQu trnh nng cao phm cht ut Giai on u b ca cao cha c b sung vo do khi ca cao trng thi kh cn giai on sau ngi ta b sung thm b do trng thi m hn. Nhit , thi gian qu trnh chng, ph thuc vo tng loi sn phm khc nhau nh: i vi ca cao sa th t0opt = 600C, v vi ca cao khng sa th nhit ny l t0opt = 70800C, v qu trnh nng cao phm cht kt thc khi khi scla bn thnh phm ny t c cng mi, v v kch thc nh mong mun.

8.4.4. iu nhit Mc ch ca qa trnh iu nhit l to ra cc mm tinh th ca b ca cao tn ti dng xc inh v bn vng (dng ) nhm tng thi gian s dng, hn ch scla b chy nc, nng cao cht lng v tnh cm quan ca sn phm (tng cng mu v tng bng ca sn phm).u tin khi scla bn thnh phm c gia nhit ln nhit t0 = 47490C ha lng hon ton b ca cao. Sau lm ngui n nhit t0 = 28290C (i vi scla khng sa th nhit lm ngui l t0 = 27280C. Sau nng nhit ca khi ko ln t0 = 320C cc tinh th dng khng n nh chuyn sang trng thi lng tr li, ri duy tr nhit t0 = 31320C cc tinh th b ca cao kt tinh qua mm tinh th l nhng tinh th . Qu trnh iu nhit phi c thc hin mt cch chm v ng u trnh hin tng qu nhit cc b lm thay i cc c tnh cn thit ca khi scla bn thnh phm, ng thi trong qu trnh iu nhit c th thc hin khuy trn lin tc tng s lng mm tinh th v trnh hin tng qu nhit cc b v lm ng u kch thc v mc phn b ca mm tinh th.Nu qu trnh khng tt th khi scla s khi scla s khng t yu cu v nht, v khng thu c dng kt tinh nh mong mun. S lng cc tinh th t iu ny lm cho khi scla thnh phm c bng, nhn thp v khng n nh, ng thi xy ra hin tng ng kt tinh trn b mt scla thnh phm hoc xut hin cc tinh th cht bo trn b mt scla

8.4.5. Rt khun, to hnh * Rt khun: to hnh cho scla thnh phm ngi ta rt khi scla vo khun kim loi hoc bng khun nha c hnh dng, kch thc nh sn. Tuy nhin cn ch chiu cao ca khun khng nn qu ln thng thng chiu cao ny < 7 cm, do khi chiu cao qu ln khi scla khng ng u, d b nt, gy.Khi rt khun ta a khi scla tr li dng dch lng, trong qu trnh rt khun th to chuyn ng rung cho cc khun kh scla ng u v loi tr cc bt kh cn ln trong khi scla. nht ca khi scla c nh hng rt ln n cng on rt khun ny, nu nht ca khi scla qu cao th khi scla s m c, rt kh rt, thanh scla khng ng u, xut hin trn b mt nhng l rng nh (do bt kh to thnh khng thot ra mi trng c). Nu nht ca khi scla thp th scla s ng c rt chm, m thng chuyn sang trng thi c m b qua giai on kt tinh, sn phm scla km bn, d b chy, d b bin mu v bin mi...Mt s hnh dng khun ko scla

Cng on rt khun

Thit b to hnh ko socola

* Lm o: lm o cho ko hoc cc loi bnh th phi s dng thit b chuyn dng lm o hoc c th lm o bng cch ti ln khi bnh hoc khi ko mt lp scla bao bc nh hnh v. Thit b lm o

dy ca lp scla ph thuc vo cc yu t sauNhit lm oTnh cht lu bin ca khi ca caoMc iu nhitKch thc ca sn phm bao bcThi gia ca dy chuyn v lng khng kh thi vo lm kh

Mt s sn phm to hnh kt hp

8.4.6. Lm lnh Mc ch ca qu trnh lm lnh l to iu kit kt tinh hon ton kh scla, to cho khi scla c trng thi bn ngoi nhn, bng, p v khng b kt tinh ng trn b mt.Sccla sau khi rt khun hoc lm o c c a ngay vo thit b lm lnh. Nhit chnh lch gia nhit ca sn phm v nc lm mt bin i ty theo thit b lm lnh nhng khng vt qu 150C, qu trnh lm lnh din ra qua 3 giai on:G I: lm lnh n nhit t0 = 120C.G II: lm lnh n t0 = 50C (y l vng lm lnh chnh)G III: a nhit khi sn phm ln t0 = 150C (vng hm nng)Yu cu ca qu trnh lm lnh l khi scla phi c kt tinh ng u, thi gian lm lnh trong ton qu trnh thng thng khong = 1525 pht v thi gian lm o cho sn phm thng thng khong = 35 pht ty theo chiu dy ca lp o.Qu trnh lm lnh c th thc hin phng lm lnh thng thng, sn phm scla c cha trn cc khay t trong phng c m khng kh W 60% v nhit trong phng c th l t0 = 10120C v c khng kh lnh i lu, phng php ny c th cho php thc hin, nhng cht lng ca khi sn phm khng cao, thng thng hin nay ngi ta lm lnh trong thit b dng tunel lm lnh.

Vi thit b ny lm lnh bng khng kh lnh, khi scla sn phm c t trn bng ti chuyn ng trong cc bung lnh khc nhau vi vn tc thch hp c th iu chnh.Nhit ca cc bung lnh ny c kim sot v iu chnh c bng h thng iu chnh t ng, vi cc thng s ca cc bung nh sau:Bung I: c nhit t0 = 8100CBung II: c nhit t0 = 480CBung III: c nhit t0 = 15160CNhit ca cc phng ny c iu chnh cao hn nhit im sng trong iu kin tng phng bao gi nhm ngn cn qu trnh to m trn b mt scla thnh phm khi bao gi.8.4.6. Lm lnhThit b lm lnh

8.4.7. Bao gi Qu trnh bao gi sn phm nhm mc ch tng thi gian bo qun sn phm, qu trnh bao gi c thc hin trn cc thit b bao gi sn phm Bao b thc hin qu trnh bao gi phi p ng c nhng yu cu ca sn phm nh phi c tnh chng m, chng kh, chng oxy ha, chng vi sinh vt... Do trong sn phm scla cha hm lng cht bo qun tng i cao do ngi ta thng dng bao b bng nhm bao gi c th p ng c vi c tnh sn phm scla do c tnh chng oxy ha cht bo trong sn phm cao. Scla sn phm sau kh bao gi xong c bo qun nhit t0 = 16180C. 8.4.8. n nh tng hng v ca khi scla thnh phm thng ngi ta thc hin cng on n nh sn phm. Thc cht ca cng on ny l gi khi scla thnh phm nhit t0 = 16180C, trong thi gian khong = 12 thng. Cng on ny thng c kt hp tronga cng on bo qun sn phm v khi scla thnh phm c t trong cc thng carton v t trong kho bo qun.

Mt s sn phm ko scola( sinh vin c kin thc thc t hn cho sinh vin tham kho qua on phim ngn v nh my sn xut Scla Sollich ca cng ha lin bang c, v on trnh by bng power point Candymaster.)

CNG MN HCPhn I. Nguyn liu sn xut bnh koVai tr ca bt m trong sn xut bnh?Th no lm bt mnh, yu. Ti sao sn xut cc loi bnh khc nhau yu cu cc loi bt m khc nhau? Cc bin php iu chnh tnh cht ca bt.Yu cu k thut ca cc loi bt ng cc dng trong sn xut bnh ko? Mc ch s dng ca chng?Vai tr ca bt m trong cng ngh sn xut bnh? Ti sao khng th thay th hon ton bt m bng cc loi bt ng cc khc?Vai tr v yu cu k thut ca nguyn liu ng trong cng ngh sn xut bnh,ko?Vai tr v yu cu k thut ca Mt tinh bt trong sn xut ko?Vai tr v yu cu k thut ca ng chuyn ho trong sn xut ko?So snh hiu qu s dng ca Mt tinh bt v ng chuyn ho trn CNSX ko?Cc phng php to xp cho bnh? Ti sao trong CNXS bnh quy ngi ta khng to xp cho bnh bng phng php sinh hc?Vai tr ca cht bo trong CNSX bnh, ko? Ti sao trong thnh phn phi liu ca ko cng ngi ta thng khng s dng cht bo? (Tr ko cng hng b)Yu cu k thut ca cht bo dng trong CNSX bnh ko? Cc cht bo thng dngVai tr ca axit trong CNSX ko? Ti sao trong CNSX ko mm khng s dng axit phi liu?Cht ph gia to cu trc s dng trong CNSX ko mm? Vai tr ca chng? Cc c im cn lu khi s dng?Vai tr ca trng trong sn xut bnh, ko? Cc c im cn lu khi s dng?Vai tr ca sa trong sn xut bnh ko? Cc c im cn lu khi s dng?Yu cu ca cht ph gia to mu, to mi trong CNSX bnh ko?Yu cu ca cht hot ng b mt trong CNSX bnh ko? Cc cht thng s dng?Yu cu ca cc loi mui trong CNSX bnh ko? Cc mui thng s dng?

CNG MN HCPhn II. Cng ngh sn xut bnhCho bit nhng cng on chnh trong cng ngh sn xut bnh quy, bnh m? Yu cu k thut ca cc loi bt nho?Phn tch cc yu t nh hng n cht lng btPhn tch cc c im khc bit trong ch nho bt nho xp v bt nho dai?Yu cu k thut ca bt nho xp v bt nho dai? Cc bin php c th p dng iu chnh tnh cht ca bt nho?Gii thch ti sao trong thnh phn phi liu ca bt nho dng sn xut bnh m ch c bt m, mui, nc v men.Phn tch cc nguyn nhn c th lm tng t l ph phm khi nng bnh?So snh cc c im khc bit chnh trong CNSX bnh quy v cng ngh sn xut bnh m?Yu cu k thut cng on nng trong cng ngh sn xut bnh quy? Cc bin php nng cao cht lng?Phn tch cc yu t nh hng n cht lng bnh trong khu nng?Phn tch cc yu t nh hng n xp v n ca bnh?Cc hin tng h hng c th c ca bnh quy, bnh m? Nguyn nhn v cc bin php khc phc?

CNG MN HCPhn III. Cng ngh sn xut koc im cng ngh sn xut ko cng, ko mm, ko do?Cho bit trong quy trnh sn xut ko cng, ko mm, ko do nhng khu no l khu c nh hng ln n tnh cht ca ko? Gii thch r l do?Phn tch cc yu t nh hng n cht lng ca khi ko?Cc bin php nng cao cht lng cho khi ko?Phn tch cc yu t nh hng n cht lng ko cng, ko mm, ko do?Cc bin php nng cao cht lng ca ko cng, ko mm, ko do?Phn tch u nhc im ca phng php chun b siro lin tc vi phng php gin on?Phn tch u nhc im ca phng php nu ko p sut chn khng vi nu p sut thng?Nguyn nhn hin tng ht m ca ko? Bin php kim sot?Nguyn nhn hin tng hi ng ca ko? Bin php kim sot?Phn tch nguyn nhn c th lm tng t l ph phm khi to hnh cho ko?Cc bin php h hng c th c ca ko cng, ko mm, ko do? Nguyn nhn v bin php khc phc?Gii thch ti sao nhit nu ko cng thng cao hn nhit nu ko mm, ko do?Yu cu k thut ca khu nh trn? Phn tch cc yu t nh hng n cht lng ca khi ko? Cc bin php nng cao cht lng?So snh CNSX ko mm v CNSX ko do?Ti sao phi kim sot hm lng ng kh trong ko thnh phm? Cc bin php kim sot?Hy cho bit cc thnh phn nguyn liu cn dng phi liu cho ko cao su? Tc dng ca tng thnh phn?Hy phn loi cc loi ko sau . V cho bit cc c im chnh trong CNSX ca chng?Phn bi tpXc nh lng nc cn b sung khi nho bt?Xc nh hm lng ng kh trong cng thc phi liu v trong ko?