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Bomchtlng (Qual i ty Assurance - QA) trongquantrc mitrngl mth thng tch hp cc hotngqun l v kthut trong mttchcnhmbomcho hot ng quan trc mi trng t c cc tiu

chunchtlng quy nh.

Kim sotchtlng(Quali ty Control - QC) trong quantrc mitrngl vic thchin cc bin php nhgi, theo di v kp thiiuchnhtc chnhxc v tp trung ca cc php o theo yu cuca cctiu chunchtlngnhmbom cho hotng quantrc mi trngt cc tiu chunchtlng quy nh.

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am bao cht lngch c th thc hin tt khi cc yucu v sn phm c xc nh r rng, c th. Nhu cuthng tin chung chung l khng c ngha. Nhng cnhng yu t lm phc tp vic xc nh cc nhu cu

thng tin, c bit l trong hp tc quc t v quan trc vnh gi mi trng. V d: thiu cc thut ng, nh ngha cn thit; s g b

do chuyn ngnh ca cc chuyn gia; nhng tho thun

phi t c... Kim sotcht lng trong xc nh mc tiu quan trc

c thchinbng cc vnbnhin thc ha mc tiuquan trc v bo co kh thi.

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1. Bomchtlng

Xc nh cc thng scn quan trc, bao gm: tn thng s, nvo, chnh xc cntc.

Phng php phn tch: sdngphng php phn tch ph hpvimctiu ra.

Trang thitb quan trc mi trng: s dng trang thitb ph hp viphng php Ho cht, muchun:phi c y cc ho cht v muchun theo quy

nhcatngphng php phn tch.

Nhn s: ngi thchin quan trc v phn tch phi c trnh chuynmn ph hp.

X l sliu v bo co ktqu:

2.Kim sotchtlng

lp k hoch ly mu p ng c yu cu mc tiu ca chng trnh

quan trc va phn tch mi trng.

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Bomchtlng Cc nhn vin ly mu u c o to vatp hun. Chun b cng tc thc a chu o: dng c, thit b, hoacht thuc thbo qun

muphi y va phuhp.

mbo rng ccphngphp ly mu u c phbin ti tt ccc nhn vintrong nhm quan trc.

mbo rng dng cly mu va my mc oc hin trngphi cbo trvahiu chun nh ky, sschbo trcnphi c lugi.

Quy nh thng nht vnhn dng mu c ly bao gm dn nhn ln tt cccmu c ly, trn o ghi chep chnh xc ngy thng, a im, thi gian ly muva tn ngi ly mu, s mhiu ca mubng mc khng thm nc.

Quy nh vtin hnhbo qun mu cho tng thng scht lng nc, trm tch,phu du, vi sinh vt ... theo cc chdn trong cc tiu chun tngng.

Bo m chnh xc ca cc phep o, phn tch ngoi hin trng khi cc iukin mi trng khng c mbo.

Qutrnh chun bthuc th vabo qun;

Phngphp chun bmu QC

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Qun lchtlng Mutrngdngc chamu: Mu trng loi ny nhm kim sot s nhim bn do

qu trnh ra, bo qun dng c.

Mutrngdngc lymu: Mu loi ny nhm kim sot mc nhim trong qutrnh bo qun, s dng dng c ly mu.

Mutrngthitb lcmu

Mutrnghintrng: Mup (mu chiai): Mu ny s dng nh gi cc sai s ngu nhin v h

thng do c s thay i trong thi gian ly v vn chuyn mu v phng th nghim.

Mulp theothi gian:Mu loi ny nh gi s bin ng theo thi gian ca ccthng s mi trng trong khu vc.

Mulp theo khng gian: Mu loi ny dng nh gi s bin ng theo khng gianca cc thng s mi trng.

Muchunichnghintrng: l lng nc tinh khit c cha cht phn tch(cht chun) bit trc nng c mang t phng th nghim ra hin trng

Mulphintrng: Mu QC loi ny c s dng kim sot chm ca vicly mu ngoi hin trng.

Mu thm

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a.Bomchtlng Vnchuynmu: vicvnchuynmuphibomnnhvmtslng v chtlng. Thi gian vnchuyn v nhitcamu thchin theo TCVN ivi tng thng s quantrc v cchboqunmu.

Giao v nhnmu:phi c binbn bn giaob.Kim sotchtlng Mutrngvnchuyn: Mu trng vn chuyn dng xc

nh s nhim bn c th xy ra khi x l, vn chuyn v bo

qun mu. MuchunichngvnchuynMu chun i chng vn

chuyn dng xc nh c s nhim bn v s mt mt chtphn tch c th xy ra khi x l mu, vn chuyn v bo qunmu ng thi cng xc nh sai s phn tch.

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a.Bo

m

cht

lng

Phng php phn tch Trang thitb iukin v mi trng phng thnghim: phipngc cc

yu cucach tiu phn tch c nu trongphng php phn tch. Qun l mu phn tch Bomchtlngsliu

Kim tra chtlngsliubng cch sdngphng php thng k; Tham gia so snh lin phng th nghim v thnghim thnh tho quy trnh

phn tch hng nm theo yu cucaCcBov mi trngthucB Tinguyn v Mi trng;

Sdngun cc muchuncchngnhn; Thc hin li cc php phn tch bng cc phng php ging hoc khc

nhau; Phn tch li cc muclugi; Xem xt stng quan giaktqu phn tch vi cc ctrngcm quan

camu.

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b.Kim sotchtlng Mutrngthitb (Blanks): s dng nc ct lm mutrng nhm nh gi nhiu ca thit b v xc nh gii hnpht hin ca thit b.

Mutrngphng phap(Method Blanks): Mu trngphng

php nh gi gi hn pht hin ca phng php, nh gimc tinh khit ca ho cht s dng.

Mulp(Replcates/Duplicates): Chunthm tra(Control Standards)

Chun sosanh(Refrence Standards) Muchunichng(CRMs): Munghnh (Surrogate Compounds): Mu ng hnh

thng sdng khi phn tch cc hp cht hu cnh PAHs,

thuc tr su.

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Lutr ttc cc ti liu, hsgcvhotng quantrclp Cc s liu o, th ti hin trng v phn tch trong

phng th nghimphickim tra, tnh ton v xl.

Trng hp pht hin ra sai st trong cc hot ngQTMT thphi bo co c quytnhhubnhngsliu.

Tuyti trung thcviktqu Cc kt qu phn tch trc khi ghi chep vo sphi c

kim tra i chiu vi cc ssch gc nh: nht ky thca, s ghi kt qu phn tch. Vic kim tra c thc hinbi t nht 1 ngi ctrch nhim trongphng thinghim.

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Cc trm quan trc, t chc, c nhn thc hin QTMTquc gia phi lp Bo co kt qu QTMT sau mi tquan trc v bo co tnghpktqu QTMT hng nmda trn ktqu quan trc v phn tch ca cc t quan

trc trong nm. Cc Bo co ktqu QTMT tngt v hng nmc

phibom tnh trung thc, kpthi, chnh xc v khchquan. Cc Bo ny phickim tra v c lnh o

ca cc n v thc hin QTMT k, ng du xc nhntrc khi giao np cho CcBov mi trng thucBTi nguyn v Mi trng.